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Academic literature on the topic 'Biomasse – Atlantique (océan ; centre-est)'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Biomasse – Atlantique (océan ; centre-est)"
Fukaï, Eri. "Importance du picoplancton autotrophe dans la biomasse et la production primaire des eaux marines oligotrophes : Atlantique tropical oriental et mer des Sargasses." Paris 6, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA066491.
Full textSiméon, Alexandre. "Modélisation régionale et télédétection spatiale des propriétés d’absorption des aérosols de feux de biomasse dans la région de l’Atlantique Sud-Est." Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1R027.
Full textAerosol absorption is a key property to assess aerosol radiative impacts, both direct and on cloud properties, on regional climate. Recent studies have shown that some aerosol organic compounds (OC) called "brown carbon" (BrOC), mainly emitted by biomass burning, can absorb radiation significantly in the ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared spectrum. The main objective of this work is to improve the representation of the absorption properties of aerosols in regional climate models. We focus on biomass burning particles plumes transported above clouds in the Southeast Atlantic region, off the west coast of Africa. This is a region highlighted as a natural laboratory to better understand the complexity of aerosol-cloud interactions. The methodology relies on regional aerosol numerical simulations from the coupled meteorology-chemistry WRF-Chem model combined with a detailed state-of-the-art biomass burning emission inventory and different sets of innovative aerosol remote sensing observations, both in clear and cloudy skies from the POLDER-3/PARASOL satellite sensor. Current literature indicates that brown carbon absorbs more efficiently UV-blue radiation than pure black carbon (BC). The idea is to exploit this specificity by comparing the spectral dependence of the single scattering albedo retrieved from POLDER-3 observations in the 443-1,020 nm to the one simulated for different proportions of BC, OC and BrOC. Two main constraints are used to build up these sensitivity tests: keeping realistic clear-sky/above-cloud aerosol optical thickness and BC-to-OC mass ratio. Modeling experiments are presented and discussed to provide new estimates of the black, organic and brown carbon contents in the African biomass burning aerosol plumes transported over the Southeastern Atlantic region
Tachikawa, Kazuyo. "Apport des concentrations de terres rares et des compositions isotopiques de néodyme à l'étude de processus dans la colonne d'eau : cas de l'Atlantique Tropical Nord-Est (sites EUMELI)." Toulouse 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU30172.
Full textTanguy, Yves. "Variabilité de la dynamique et la thermodynamique en Atlantique tropical : Projet ARAMIS." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066682.
Full textMoussa, Hadjer. "Traitement automatique de données océanographiques pour l'interpolation de la ∫CO₂ de surface dans l'océan Atlantique tropical, en utilisant les données satellitaires." Thesis, Perpignan, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PERP0025/document.
Full textThis thesis work consists of using satellite data of SST (sea surface temperature), SSS (sea surface salinity), and Chl-a (chlorophyll-a), in order to interpolate the CO2 fugacity (fCO2) in the surface of the tropical Atlantic ocean, for seasons of the period 2002-2013. Three data types were used: in situ (SOCAT V.3 DB (database)); satellite (MODIS-A, Sea-WIFS, and SMOS sensors); and assimilated (SODA V.2.2.4 DB). The first step was the data classification based on SST. The second step was the fCO2 interpolation (for each class of each season), using feedforward NNs (artificial neural networks) with a backpropagation learning method. Obtained results (RMSEs (root mean square error) between 8,8 and 15,7 µatm) confirm the importance of: process each season separately, pass through data classification step, and choose the best NN on the basis of generalization step results. This allowed the development of 138 monthly fCO2 CSV (Comma-separated values) file, with 4 km x 4 km spatial resolution, for the period from July 2002 to December 2013
Zakarya, Elmostafa. "La houle et son impact sur le littoral atlantique marocain : approche par modélisation." Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA040042.
Full textThis work deals essentially with waves and, on a less important level, with factors which influence the evolution of Moroccan Atlantic littoral. The study of waves begins with forecasting, the analysis of statistic data, and then the elaboration of numerical (computer) models in order to describe and foresee extreme incidents (program houle3). The aim is to work out a model of the waves dynamics in waters of a shallow level (programs houle1 & houle2). The analysis of the sedimentary dynamics enables us to evaluate the littoral transit to about 250. 000m3 per year in Safi bay and to 400. 000m3 per year in Agadir bay
Parard, Gaëlle. "Etude de la variabilité de la fugacité du CO2 dans l'Atlantique tropical : de l'échelle diurne à saisonnière." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00673734.
Full textLaë, Raymond. "Les pêcheries artisanales lagunaires ouest-africaines : échantillonnage et dynamique de la ressource et de l'exploitation." Brest, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BRES2010.
Full textKoffi, Kouakou Urbain. "Distribution des paramètres du carbone et du flux de CO2 à l'interface air - mer dans l'Est de l'Atlantique tropical." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00945786.
Full textWade, Malick. "Caractérisation de la couche limite océanique pendant les campagnes EGEE-AMMA dans l'Atlantique équatorial est." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1342/.
Full textThis work is part of the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (AMMA) program. It focuses on the air-sea interactions in the Gulf of Guinea (GG) at diurnal to interannual timescales based on observations and numerical models. This coupling is the leading process that modulates the West African Monsoon onset which in turn impacts on the seasonal rainfall in the Western African countries. We have shown that the oceanic mixed-layer parameters in the GG are mainly driven, at diurnal timescale, by both the surface heat fluxes and the subsurface processes (entrainment, vertical turbulent mixing). We have also evidenced that from a simple parameterization of the Turbulent Kinetic Energy (TKE) based on a 1. 5 closure moment, it is possible to retrieve the turbulence dissipation in this region. In order quantify the potential role of the wind stress in the oceanic mixed-layer variability, we utilize a dynamical linear model forced by wind stress anomalies and where in the equation governing the sea surface variability, the surface heat fluxes are ignored. The results show that near the equator (3°S-3°N), the signal is retrieved; however away from this band (3°S-3°N), the amplitude of the oceanic mixed-layer parameters is largely underestimated meaning that the wind stress is not the leading process in these latitudes. Mixed-layer heat budgets from Argo profiles allow identifying both the role of surface heat fluxes and the vertical mixing in the GG. The GG is subdivided into boxes with respect to the dynamic and the thermodynamic and in each box the budget is estimated. The results show that the surface heat fluxes and the vertical mixing term dominate the budget at all timescales. This vertical mixing, estimated as a residual in this study, is compared with independent turbulence data measured during EGEE/AMMA campaigns during 2005-2007 (Marcus Dengler, personal communication; Rhein et al. , 2010). The results show that the vertical mixing compares very well with the independent turbulence data in terms of spatial and temporal variability. This vertical mixing is strong in the region except in the South of the GG and its seasonal cycle is largely modulated by the buoyancy heat flux and the wind stress. These results and those obtain from the diurnal cycle allow to stress that the oceanic mixed-layer in the GG s largely driven at all timescales by the surface heat fluxes and the subsurface processes