Relevant bibliographies by topics / Biomasse – Combustion

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Academic literature on the topic 'Biomasse – Combustion'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 7 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Biomasse – Combustion"

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ROBERTA DA SILVA FERREIRA, VITÓRIA, VIVIAN MIDORI TAKAHASHI, PEDRO HENRIQUE GONZALEZ DE CADEMARTORI, MAYARA ELITA CARNEIRO, and DIMAS AGOSTINHO DA SILVA. "QUALIDADE ENERGÉTICA DE RESÍDUOS MADEIREIROS PARICÁ E PINUS." ENERGIA NA AGRICULTURA 36, no. 2 (August 12, 2021): 230–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17224/energagric.2021v36n2p230-238.

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QUALIDADE ENERGÉTICa de resíduos madeireiros paricá e pinus VIVIAN MIDORI TAKAHASHI1, VITÓRIA ROBERTA DA SILVA FERREIRA1, PEDRO HENRIQUE GONZALEZ DE CADEMARTORI1,2, MAYARA ELITA CARNEIRO2, DIMAS AGOSTINHO DA SILVA1,2 1 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Florestal (PPGEF), Universidade Federal do Paraná, Av. Prefeito Lothário Meissner, 632 - Jardim Botânico, Curitiba - PR, 80210-170, viviantakahashi@hotmail.com; victoria_roberta19@hotmail.com 2 Departamento de Engenharia e Tecnologia Florestal (DETF), Universidade Federal do Paraná, Av. Prefeito Lothário Meissner, 632 - Jardim Botânico, Curitiba - PR, 80210-170, pedroc@ufpr.br; mayaraecarneiro@gmail.com; dimas.agostinho.silva@gmail.com RESUMO: O presente trabalho investigou a qualidade energética de resíduos de Paricá e Pinus. Para tal, foram investigadas as propriedades químicas, térmicas e energéticas das biomassas de paricá e pinus por meio da química elementar, química macromolecular e química imediata, além da obtenção do poder calorífico por meio de normas regulamentadoras. Além disso, realizou-se análise termogravimétrica em ambiente inerte e oxidativo para simular o comportamento das biomassas em processos de pirólise e combustão. Ambas as biomassas apresentaram teor de carbono próximo à 45%. O teor de lignina para a paricá e do pinus foi de 26 e de 31%, respectivamente. A madeira de paricá apresentou teor de cinzas cerca de três vezes maior que o pinus, enquanto o poder calorífico foi estatisticamente igual. Qualitativamente, as curvas termogravimétricas mostraram um comportamento de degradação similar, porém, denotou-se uma maior massa residual para a biomassa de pinus. Portanto, concluiu-se que a biomassa de paricá apresenta potencial como fonte alternativa para a geração de energia, porém, ressalta-se que potenciais rotas de conversão termoquímica devem levar em consideração o maior teor de cinzas da biomassa de paricá em comparação a biomassa de pinus, o que pode causar problemas durante a utilização desta espécie como biocombustível. Palavras-chave: biocombustível, biomassa residual, composição química, energia ENERGY QUALITY OF PARICÁ AND PINE WOOD RESIDUES This work investigated the energy quality of residues of Paricá and Pinus. Chemical, thermal and energetics properties of the biomasses were investigated by means of elemental analysis, macromolecular chemical components, proximate analysis, and high heating value. The thermogravimetry. Was investigated in an inert and oxidative environment to simulate the behavior of the biomasses in both pyrolysis and combustion processes. Both biomasses presented fixed carbon around 45%. The lignin content for paricá and pinus was 26 and 31%, respectively. The paricá wood presented an ash content of about three times higher than the pinus, while the calorific value was statistically equal. Qualitatively, the thermogravimetric curves showed a similar degradation behavior, however, a higher residual mass was denoted for the pinus biomass, showing the possibility of using nontraditional species for this purpose compared to pinus biomass. However, note that potential thermo-chemical conversion routes should consider the higher ash content of paricá biomass compared to pinus biomass, which can cause problems during the use of this species as biofuel. Keywords: biofuel, residual biomass, chemical composition, energy
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Pyne, Stephen J., and Mathias Lefèvre. "Le feu industriel. Attiser le Grand Brûlage." Écologie & politique N° 68, no. 1 (May 3, 2024): 141–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/ecopo1.068.0141.

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Ce texte est extrait du livre de l’auteur, Fire : A Brief History . Dans cet ouvrage, Stephen Pyne distingue trois feux. Le Premier Feu est le feu premier proprement dit, le feu « naturel », dont l’apparition est antérieure à celle des êtres humains et qui se produit donc sans intervention humaine (par exemple grâce à la foudre) ; le Second Feu est le feu anthropogénique (feu aborigène, feu agricole), celui que l’humain utilise depuis qu’il en a acquis la maîtrise pour brûler de la biomasse (arbres, herbes, etc.) ; le Troisième Feu est le feu industriel, à la fois fruit et facteur de l’industrialisation de la société, brûlant des combustibles fossiles (charbon, pétrole, gaz naturel…) au sein d’appareils de combustion spéciaux. Ce sont les caractéristiques de ce feu industriel qui sont ici présentées, ainsi que sa signification écologique (ses relations avec les autres feux, son impact sur les milieux).
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Jestin-Guyon, N., E. H. Ouaalaya, and C. Rahersion-Semjen. "Impact de la combustion de biomasse sur la santé respiratoire des enfants de moins de 15 ans à Madagascar." Revue des Maladies Respiratoires Actualités 14, no. 1 (January 2022): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rmra.2021.11.428.

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García Sánchez, Gabriel Fernando, Jorge Luis Chacón Velasco, David Alfredo Fuentes Díaz, Yesid Javier Rueda-Ordóñez, David Patiño, Juan Jesús Rico, and Jairo René Martínez Morales. "Biomass Combustion Modeling Using OpenFOAM: Development of a Simple Computational Model and Study of the Combustion Performance of Lippia origanoides Bagasse." Energies 16, no. 6 (March 22, 2023): 2932. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16062932.

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Combustion is the most commonly used technology to produce energy from biomass; nevertheless, there are still thermal efficiency problems in current biomass combustion furnaces and a lack of knowledge about the properties of residual biomasses that could be used as fuels. Aiming to contribute to knowledge of the potential of residual biomass for energy generation, this work reports on the implementation of a 2D computational model to study the combustion performance of several solid biomass fuels, and its application in the analysis of Lippia origanoides bagasse combustion. The model uses an Eulerian–Lagrangian approach; in the continuous phase, governing equations are solved, and in the dispersed phase, particles are tracked and the mass, momentum, species and energy transfer between the phases are calculated. The model was validated against experimental data from a combustor fueled by three biomasses: wood pellets, olive stone and almond shell. The results show deviations of less than 13%, with few exceptions, which indicates a good degree of agreement with experimental measurements compared with those reported by other studies on the subject. Furthermore, it was found that the stems of Lippia origanoides bagasse show similar performance to that of other biomass used as solid fuel, while the leaves present lower performance.
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Yegen, C. H., C. Macias, M. Georgopoulos, C. Buissot, R. Souktani, M. Bourenane, C. Boucheniata, et al. "Impact de l’exposition combinée à la combustion de biomasse et à la pollution atmosphérique urbaine dans les manifestations pulmonaires de la mucoviscidose." Revue des Maladies Respiratoires 41, no. 3 (March 2024): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rmr.2024.01.087.

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Kažimírová, V., and R. Opáth. "Biomass combustion emissions." Research in Agricultural Engineering 62, Special Issue (December 30, 2016): S61—S65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/69/2015-rae.

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The paper deals with gaseous emissions generated in biomass combustion in water boilers. It provides results of analyses of gaseous emissions and boiler efficiency in combustion of branches of apple trees from spring pruning, spruce cuttings and corn cobs obtained from kernel harvest. Measurements were done in laboratory conditions. Average CO emission values observed in combustion were from 334.7 to 650.18 mg/m<sup>3</sup> and average NO<sub>x</sub> emission values were low, between 50.1 and 157.2 mg/m<sup>3</sup>. Boiler efficiency in applewood combustion was lower – this was caused by its higher moisture.
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ORANG, NAZ, and HONGHI TRAN. "Effect of feedstock moisture content on biomass boiler operation." October 2015 14, no. 10 (November 1, 2015): 629–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj14.10.629.

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Burning feedstock with high and constantly varying moisture content is a challenge in the operationof the stoker-grate type biomass boilers in pulp and paper mills. A fundamental study was performed, using a thermogravimetric combustor controlled at different temperatures, to systematically investigate the effect of moisture content on the combustion behavior of several woody biomasses. The results show that combustion occurred through three stages: drying, devolatilization, and char burning. Increasing the moisture content of the sample above 30% significantly increased the drying time and the time to ignition of the sample. Moisture content, however, had only a small effect on the devolatilization rate and virtually no effect on the char burning rate. Furnace temperature had a great effect on combustion. Samples containing 40% moisture could still ignite and burn readily at 800°C, but they took a much longer time to ignite at 500°C and did not ignite at 400°C. These results imply that in biomass boiler operation, the high moisture content in feedstock delays combustion and causes the furnace temperature to decrease. The low temperature, in turn, suppresses combustion, further decreasing the furnace temperature and causing more delay in combustion. This downward spiral will eventually lead to a boiler blackout unless the biomass feed rate is significantly reduced or the auxiliary fuel (natural gas and fuel oil) flow rate cofired in the boiler is increased to keep the furnace temperature high.
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Zou, Zheng, Yangui Chen, Jieqing Zheng, Xiaodong Zhang, and Hongzhou He. "Co-combustion performance analysis of a Fujian anthracite with Cunninghamia lanceolate and Mycorrhizal plants." Progress in Reaction Kinetics and Mechanism 46 (January 2021): 146867832110109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14686783211010966.

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The co-combustion characteristics of Fujian anthracite with two biomasses (i.e. Cunninghamia lanceolata) and Mycorrhizal plants in different proportions were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis. The result showed that first, the co-combustion processes of Fujian anthracite with the two biomasses ( Cunninghamia lanceolata and Mycorrhizal plants) proceeded in three stages, separation and combustion of volatiles, combustion of fixed carbon in the biomass, and combustion of fixed carbon in Fujian anthracite. Secondly with increasing proportion of biomass, the co-combustion of Fujian anthracite with Cunninghamia lanceolata and Mycorrhizal plants shifted to a low-temperature zone, with a lower ignition temperature, shortened burnout time, and growth of both combustibility index ( Ci) and comprehensive combustion index S. Finally, at different mixing proportions, the comprehensive combustion index S during co-combustion of FW with Mycorrhizal plants is always larger than that during co-combustion with Cunninghamia lanceolata; therefore, FW and Mycorrhizal plants exhibit superior comprehensive co-combustion performance to FW and Cunninghamia lanceolata. Analysis of various parameters pertaining to combustion performance shows that the ignition and combustion performance of Fujian anthracite was improved as long as the Fujian anthracite was mixed with around 20% biomass.
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Erdiwansyah, Mahidin, Husni Husin, Nasaruddin, Muhtadin, Muhammad Faisal, Asri Gani, Usman, and Rizalman Mamat. "Combustion Efficiency in a Fluidized-Bed Combustor with a Modified Perforated Plate for Air Distribution." Processes 9, no. 9 (August 24, 2021): 1489. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9091489.

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Combustion efficiency is one of the most important parameters especially in the fluidized-bed combustor. Investigations into the efficiency of combustion in fluidized-bed combustor fuels using solid biomass waste fuels in recent years are increasingly in demand by researchers around the world. Specifically, this study aims to calculate the combustion efficiency in the fluidized-bed combustor. Combustion efficiency is calculated based on combustion results from the modification of hollow plates in the fluidized-bed combustor. The modified hollow plate aims to control combustion so that the fuel incorporated can burn out and not saturate. The combustion experiments were tested using palm oil biomass solid waste fuels such as palm kernel shell, oil palm midrib, and empty fruit bunches. The results of the measurements showed that the maximum combustion temperature for the palm kernel shell fuel reached 863 °C for M1 and 887 °C for M2. The maximum combustion temperature measurements for M1 and M2 from the oil palm midrib fuel testing reached 898 °C and 858 °C, respectively, while the maximum combustion temperature for M1 and M2 from the empty fruit bunches fuel was 667 °C and M2 847 °C, respectively. The rate of combustion efficiency with the modification of the hole plate in the fluidized-bed combustor reached 96.2%. Thermal efficiency in fluidized-bed combustors for oil palm midrib was 72.62%, for PKS was 70.03%, and for empty fruit bunches was 52.43%. The highest heat transfer rates for the oil palm midrib fuel reached 7792.36 W/m2, palm kernel shell 7167.38 W/m2, and empty fruit bunches 5127.83 W/m2. Thus, the modification of the holed plate in the fluidized-bed combustor chamber showed better performance of the plate than without modification.
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KAEWKOHKIAT, Yingyong, Smith EIAMSA-ARD, Khwanchit WONGCHAREE, D. THUNGSOTANON, and Pongjet PROMVONGE. "D102 COMBUSTION OF RICE HUSK IN A FLUIDIZED BED COMBUSTOR WITH WAVY-SURFACED CHAMBERS(Biomass-1)." Proceedings of the International Conference on Power Engineering (ICOPE) 2009.1 (2009): _1–195_—_1–199_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicope.2009.1._1-195_.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Biomasse – Combustion"

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Magalhaes, Eliseu Monteiro. "Combustion study of mixtures resulting from a gasification process of forest biomass." Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2011. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00623090.

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Trois compositions typiques de gaz de synthèse ont été considérées comme représentatives de gaz issus de la gazéification de biomasse d'origine forestière et leur utilisation dans un moteur à combustion interne a été étudiée. Les vitesses de flamme laminaire ont été déterminées sur un domaine de richesse incluse dans le domaine d'inflammabilité. L'effet de l'étirement de la flamme a été étudié en déterminant les nombres de Markstein et de Karlovitz. Une étude en conditions turbulentes comparables à celles rencontrées dans les moteurs a été réalisée en machine à compression rapide. Le cas d'un mélange méthane-air, représentant le cas du gaz naturel, mélange généralement utilisé pour les groupes de production d'électricité stationnaire, a servi de référence. Finalement, les résultats expérimentaux ont été comparés à ceux obtenus avec un code de simulation deux zones
Three typical syngas compositions have been considered as representative of syngas resultant from forest biomass gasification and the possibility of using them in internal combustion engine is studied. First, laminar burning velocities have been determined over a range of equivalent ratio within the flammability limits. The study of flame stretch effects is performed through the determination of Karlovitz and Markstein numbers. Engine like turbulente conditions were experimentally reproduced in a rapid compression machine. Results have been compared with the case of methane-air mixture, simulating the natural gas case often use in stationary power application. Finally, experimental results are compared with a two zones simulation code
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Baraket, Nada. "Étude et compréhension de la formation et de la destruction de dioxines lors de la combustion de déchets bois en chaudières automatiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0369.

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Dans le cadre de la transition énergétique, la valorisation énergétique de la biomasse est vouée à être augmentée, principalement en ce qui concerne les utilisations dans des chaufferies industrielles ou collectives, pour des applications chaleur ou cogénération. Pour limiter les éventuels conflits d'usages, la biomasse forestière étant aussi sollicitée pour des applications de type matériau, construction, chimie, … l'utilisation de bois en fin de vie tend à se développer rapidement pour l'application énergétique. Ces types de combustibles présentent alors des caractéristiques (PCI (pouvoir calorifique inférieur), taux de cendres, composition élémentaire…) radicalement différentes des plaquettes forestières encore majoritairement utilisées ; il s'agira de bois collectés dans les déchetteries, de sous-produits industriels ou d'une partie de déchets de l'ameublement ou de démolition par exemple. Ces nouveaux types de combustibles, provenant de différentes sources et ayant des compositions très variées, peuvent contenir des polluants favorisant des nouveaux types d'émissions, notamment celles des dioxines. Les dioxines sont une famille de molécules organochlorées, hétérocycliques et ayant deux atomes d'oxygène dans un cycle aromatique. Cette famille regroupe les PCDD/F (PolyChloroDibenzoDioxines et PolyChloroDibenzoFuranes) et les PCB (dioxin-like). Des tests en laboratoire ou sur des sites pilotes ont montré quelques cas de formation de dioxines lors de la combustion de certains bois en fin de vie. De plus, il est apparu clairement que ces émissions peuvent durer dans le temps, même lorsque du bois de première qualité est utilisé suite au passage de bois plus ou moins pollué. Dans le cas de ces émissions, les solutions mises en œuvre sont très souvent de types secondaires avec des dispositifs de traitements mis en place dans les fumées. Or, ces techniques pèsent sur la viabilité économique de la filière. Ainsi, l'objectif de ce travail de thèse consiste à adapter les connaissances existantes sur les mécanismes de formation, destruction, dépôts, relargage, etc. de PCDD/F pour proposer des pistes de solutions primaires de réduction des émissions à la sortie, applicables à notre secteur. Outre une analyse bibliographique exhaustive, le travail est basé plutôt sur une approche expérimentale en utilisant la chaudière pilote de LERMAB (instrumentée et équipée de systèmes de prélèvements) pour effectuer des essais de combustion et des dispositifs existants au laboratoire : macro-TG et réacteur modèles, pour essayer de mieux comprendre les phénomènes de formation/destruction et relargage des PCDD/F à la surface des cendres, l'objectif étant d'acter des recommandations aux exploitants
Within the framework of the energy transition, the energy valorization of biomass is bound to be increased, mainly as regards the uses in industrial or collective boiler rooms, for heat or cogeneration applications. In order to limit possible conflicts of use, forest biomass is also solicited for applications such as materials, construction, chemistry, etc. The use of end-of-life wood tends to develop rapidly for energy applications. These types of fuels have characteristics (lower calorific value, ash content, elemental composition, etc.) that are radically different from those of the forestry chips that are still mainly used; they are wood collected from waste disposal sites, industrial by-products or part of furniture or demolition waste for example. These new types of fuels, coming from different sources and having very different compositions, may contain pollutants that favour new types of emissions, in particular dioxins. Dioxins are a family of organochlorine molecules, heterocyclic and having two oxygen atoms in an aromatic ring. This family includes PCDD/F (PolyChloroDibenzoDioxins and PolyChloroDibenzoFurans) and PCB (dioxin-like). Tests in laboratories or on pilot sites have shown some cases of dioxin formation during the combustion of some wood at the end of its life. Moreover, it became clear that these emissions can last over time, even when first quality wood is used after the passage of more or less polluted wood. In the case of these emissions, the solutions implemented are very often of secondary types with treatment devices set up in the smoke. However, these techniques weigh on the economic viability of the sector. Thus, the objective of this thesis is to adapt the existing knowledge on the mechanisms of formation, destruction, deposition, release, etc. of PCDD/F in order to propose primary solutions for the reduction of emissions at the exit, applicable to our sector. In addition to an exhaustive bibliographical analysis, the work is based on an experimental approach using the LERMAB pilot boiler (instrumented and equipped with sampling systems) to carry out combustion tests and existing devices in the laboratory: macro-TG and model reactor, to try to better understand the phenomena of formation/destruction and release of PCDD/Fs on the surface of the ash, the objective being to make recommendations to the operators
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Florea, Tudor. "Simulation numérique de la combustion du bois dans une chaudière automatique de 400 kW." Valenciennes, 2010. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/50dbded6-e6b8-4d98-be2c-f710442567f9.

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Ce travail présente la mise en place, à l’aide de mesures expérimentales, d’un outil numérique qui décrit le mieux possible la combustion du bois dans une chaudière automatique à grille mobile de moyenne puissance. Deux types de mesure ont été réalisées : globales et locales. La première catégorie concerne les paramètres de fonctionnement de l’installation. Les mesures locales concernent les profils de température, de vitesse (diagnostique optique par laser) et de concentrations des gaz au sein du foyer. L’ensemble de ces mesures a permis de mettre en évidence les régimes de fonctionnement, la nature turbulente de l’écoulement et le caractère instationnaire des flammes. Ces mesures ont servi ensuite comme support pour l’analyse des calculs numériques. L’approche utilisée pour modéliser le foyer repose sur un couplage code de mécanique des fluides numérique - code 2D. L’étude numérique a été d’abord orientée vers la simulation de la combustion des matières volatiles au-dessus du lit de combustible, à l’aide du logiciel Fluent. . Une cinétique chimique semi-globale (6 réactions) a été employée dans un premier temps. Ces éléments ont permis d’évaluer l’impact de la distribution d’air secondaire. Ainsi, en passant d’une distribution asymétrique à symétrique, l’émission de CO peut être réduite par un facteur trois. Le calcul numérique est capable de reproduire les tendances observées expérimentalement, mais la cinétique semi-globale surestime le taux de CO. Suite à ces constats, un schéma réactionnel réduit (40 réactions) a été proposé. Celui-ci s’est montré beaucoup plus précis en ce qui concerne les teneurs en CO, O2 et CO2. Quant à l’écoulement, un bon accord entre les valeurs de vitesse expérimentales et numériques a été observé sur l’axe du foyer. Également, l’emplacement des zones de recirculation prédit par calcul correspond globalement à ce qui est indiqué par voie expérimentale. En complément, la cinétique à 40 réactions a été confrontée, en utilisant le code CHEMKIN II, aux résultats expérimentaux et au mécanisme réactionnel à 49 réactions (22 espèces) de Leroy et al. (2008) Le premier s’avère plus réactif que le dernier. Cependant, le schéma cinétique à 40 réactions se trouve dans un bon accord avec les données expérimentales à basse température (700 - 1000 K) et faible richesse (0,6 - 1)
This work presents the implementation of a numerical tool, which can predict as best as possible the woodchips combustion within a medium power reciprocating grate boiler. In order to do so, several global and local measurements were conducted. The first category concerns the operating parameters of the installation. The local measurements concern the profiles of temperature, velocity and gas concentrations inside the furnace. The measurements allowed the ascertaining the operating regimes, the turbulent nature of the flow and the unsteadiness of the flames. Later, these measurements served to analyze the numerical simulations. The approach used for the furnace modelling is based on the computational fluid dynamics code - 2D code coupling. The numerical study was firstly oriented towards the volatiles combustion above the fuel bed, using the code Fluent. A semi-global reaction mechanism (6 reactions, 9 species) was first used. These elements allowed us to evaluate the impact of the secondary air distribution. Thus, the CO emission can be reduced by a factor of three when the secondary air configuration is changed from asymmetrical to symmetrical. The numerical computation is able to reproduce these tendencies, but the semi-global mechanism overestimates the CO concentration. Following these observations, a reduced mechanism (40 reactions, 17 species) was introduced, which proved to be much more accurate as far as the CO, O2 and CO2 are concerned. Regarding the flow analysis, a good agreement was found between the measured and computed velocities. In addition, the computed location of the recirculation zones corresponds globally with the experimental observations. Further, the 40 reactions mechanism was compared, using the CHEMKIN II code, to the experimental results and the 49 reactions (22 species) mechanism of Leroy et al. (2008). The first was found to be more reactive then the last one. However, the 40 reactions mechanism is in a good agreement with the experimental at low temperature (700 - 1000 K) and low fuel to air ratio (0. 6 - 1)
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Morin, Mathieu. "Gazéification de la biomasse en double lit fluidisé circulant : étude des réactions élémentaires de gazéification et de combustion du char et de reformage des goudrons." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017INPT0089/document.

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La conversion thermochimique à haute température (>700°C) de la biomasse en double lit fluidisé circulant est une voie alternative aux énergies fossiles (pétrole, charbon) pour la production d’un gaz de synthèse à haute valeur énergétique, utilisable dans de nombreuses applications. L’objectif de cette thèse est de développer des méthodologies et des outils théoriques et expérimentaux permettant d’accéder aux cinétiques des transformations élémentaires (pyrolyse de la biomasse, gazéification et combustion du char, craquage et reformage des goudrons) présentes dans le procédé de gazéification de la biomasse en double lit fluidisé circulant. Dans un premier temps, un mini-réacteur à lit fluidisé fonctionnant entre 300 et 1000°C avec une alimentation en gaz parfaitement contrôlée (N2, O2, H2, H2O et goudrons) a été conçu et mis au point au Laboratoire de Génie Chimique de Toulouse. Un système d’échantillonnage et d’analyse de la phase gaz permet de quantifier en continu les fractions molaires des gaz incondensables et des goudrons produits. Une étude hydrodynamique et thermique a permis de déterminer les points de fonctionnement du réacteur pour chaque transformation élémentaire étudiée. Dans un second temps, les études de gazéification et de combustion du char ont été réalisées dans le mini-réacteur à lit fluidisé. L’influence de nombreux paramètres opératoires (température, pression partielle des différents constituants) a permis de comprendre la formation des différents produits et de modéliser les cinétiques de transformation du solide. Dans le cas de la combustion du char, un mécanisme réactionnel a également été établi et la cinétique obtenue en lit fluidisé a été comparée à celle déterminée par analyse thermogravimétrique. Enfin, une étude sur le reformage d’un goudron modèle (toluène) en lit fluidisé a mis en évidence l’effet de l’atmosphère réactionnelle sur le mécanisme de dégradation du toluène sur l’olivine et le char
The thermochemical conversion of biomass at high temperature (>700°C) in Fast Internally Circulating Fluidized Bed (FICFB) is a promising alternative route to fossil fuels (oil, coal) to produce syngas which can be used in several applications. The aim of the present work is to develop methodologies as well as theoretical and experimental tools for determining the intrinsic kinetic of biomass transformations (biomass pyrolysis, char gasification and combustion, cracking and reforming of tars). Firstly, a fluidized bed reactor has been designed and built at the Laboratory of Chemical Engineering (LGC). This reactor can operate for temperatures between 20 and 1000°C with a well-defined gas supply (N2, O2, H2, H2O and tars). A sampling and analysis gas system enables the continuous quantification of the non-condensable gases and tars molar fractions. A hydrodynamic and thermal study enabled the determination of the operating conditions for each experimental study. Secondly, the char gasification and combustion was performed in the fluidized bed reactor. The influence of the operating conditions (temperature and compounds partial pressure) led to the modelling of the different solid transformation kinetics. Besides, in the case of char combustion, a reaction scheme was proposed and the kinetic obtained in the fluidized bed was compared to that obtained in a thermogravimetric analyzer. Finally, a study on the tar reforming in a fluidized bed reactor highlighted the effect of the reactive atmosphere on the reaction scheme of toluene conversion over olivine and char
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Dib, Hadi. "Traitement catalytique des émissions issues de la combustion de la biomasse." Thesis, Littoral, 2019. https://documents.univ-littoral.fr/access/content/group/50b76a52-4e4b-4ade-a198-f84bc4e1bc3c/BULCO/Th%C3%A8ses/Toxicologie/These_DIB_Hadi.pdf.

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La combustion de la biomasse et en particulier du bois constitue une alternative intéressante à l'utilisation des combustibles fossiles pour l'approvisionnement en énergie. Elle présente l'avantage de pouvoir être renouvelable sans contribuer à une émission supplémentaire de CO₂. Cependant, il est connu que les appareils de chauffage utilisant la biomasse comme combustible peuvent générer certains polluants gazeux dont notamment les Composés Organiques Volatils (COV) et le monoxyde de carbone (CO). Le post-traitement catalytique se révèle comme une des technologies les plus prometteuses pour limiter ces émissions de polluants. Ce projet vise donc à développer des matériaux catalytiques actifs, sélectifs en dioxyde de carbone et stables, assurant une décomposition complète du mélange de COV et de CO. Les catalyseurs à base de métaux nobles, étant reconnus pour leur bonne activité pour ce type de réaction d'oxydation, engendrent cependant un coût important pour le développement d'un tel procédé. L'objectif de nos travaux sera donc basé sur la synthèse et le développement de nouveaux matériaux catalytiques peu onéreux à base d'oxydes de métaux de transition qui seront utilisés comme alternatifs aux catalyseurs à base de métaux nobles. Afin d'obtenir des oxydes performants, la synthèse des matériaux en utilisant la voie hydrotalcite a été choisie. Nous avons montré l'effet bénéfique de l'ajout du cérium dans les oxydes MgAl-O et CuAl-O vis-à-vis de l'oxydation du toluène et/ou du CO. Une relation entre la réductibilité et l'activité de ces solides pour ces réactions a été observée. Pour les catalyseurs MgAlCe-O, aucun effet sur la conversion du toluène n'a été observé, cependant un effet significatif sur la conversion du CO en présence de toluène a été mis en évidence. Ainsi, un oxyde du type CuAlCe-O s'est avéré actif et stable pour la destruction de mélanges de COV et de CO. De plus, l'intérêt d'utiliser la voie hydrotalcite pour synthétiser ces oxydes CuAlCe-O a été vérifié par comparaison avec d'autres voies de synthèses. L'activité supérieure du catalyseur CuAlCe-O peut être corrélée à un effet de synergie entre les éléments cuivre et cérium
Biomass burning, in particular wood, is an attractive alternative to the utilization of fossil fuels for energy supply, as it is renewable and does contribute to any additional CO₂ emission into atmospher. However, it is known that heating appliances using biomass generate large amounts of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and carbon monoxide (CO) during the combustion cycle. A catalytic post-treatment is one of the most promising technologies to limit the emissions of these pollutants. This project aims to develop active and selective catalytic materials with enhanced redox properties in order to achieve the total oxidation of VOCs and CO at low temperature. Noble metals based catalysts are considered as good candidates for such types of reactions. However, these catalysts are very expensive for adaptation to domestic heating device. The objective of our work is focused on the synthesis and development of innovative and cheaper catalytic materials composed of transition metal oxides that could be used as alternatives to noble metal catalysts. In order to obtain efficient oxides, the hydrotelcite route was chosen for the synthesis of the catalysts. The beneficial effect of adding cerium to MgAl-O and CuAl-O oxides towards the oxidation of toluene and/or CO was demonstrated. A relationship between the reducibility and activity of these solids for these reactions has been also identified. For MgAlCe-O catalysts, a beneficial effect on the conversion of toluene in presence of CO was observed. Indeed, the temperature of toluene oxidation was shifted at lower temperatures in presence of CO. In contrary, no effect on toluene conversion was observed for the CuAlCe-O materials. However, a significant effect on the conversion of CO in presence of toluene was revealed. Briefly, a CuAlCe-O type oxide with high activity and stability has been synthesized for the destruction of VOCs and CO mixtures. In addition, the advantage of using the hydrotalcite route to synthesize these CuAlCe-O oxides has been verified by comparison with other synthetic routes. The high activity of the CuAlCe-O catalyst can be attributed to the synergic effect between copper and cerium elements
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Daragon, Guillaume. "Etude des voies de valorisation de la vinasse par combustion en mélange avec des biomasses." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MULH7972.

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L’industrie, quel que soit son domaine d’activité, produit une quantité importante d’effluents chargés, couramment appelés coproduits. La gestion et le traitement de ces eaux usées sont aujourd’hui strictement encadrés car leurs propriétés physiques et leurs compositions chimiques interdisent leurs rejets directs vers le milieu naturel. Cependant, la présence en forte concentration de certains éléments valorisables tels que les sels minéraux ou des composés organiques dans certains de ces effluents, leurs confèrent alors de nouvelles propriétés qui trouvent échos dans diverses applications (fertilisation des sols, alimentation animale, méthanisation, co-compostage, etc.). Le carbone étant le constituant majoritaire de tout combustible, une valorisation thermique par combustion en chaudière biomasse des effluents organiques semble être une alternative envisageable. L’objet de cette thèse est l’étude de cette voie de valorisation énergétique et de la faisabilité de cette application. Du fait de leur état liquide, les effluents seuls sont de mauvais combustibles comparés aux biomasses standards (plaquettes forestières, paille, etc.). Les travaux de recherche se concentrent donc sur l’étude et la caractérisation de biomasses en tant que support d’imprégnation, puis sur la formulation d’un co-combustible homogène imprégné d’un effluent organique industriel. Les biomasses sont en effet connues dans la littérature pour avoir des propriétés d’adsorption et d’absorption intéressantes. Une étude paramétrique à l’échelle du laboratoire a été menée afin de quantifier la capacité d’imprégnation et la sélectivité de différents types de biomasse vis-à-vis de l’effluent choisi. Le but était également de déterminer les paramètres qui influençaient l’imprégnation afin de modéliser les phénomènes. Suite à cela, des essais à l’échelle pilote sur une installation de combustion de 40 kW ont été effectués en vue de vérifier la conformité des combustibles imprégnés en termes d’émissions à la cheminée et dans l’optique de préparer le changement d’échelle pour une potentielle application industrielle
Important amounts of organic effluents, also called wastewaters or byproducts, are produced whatever the type of industry which is considered. Nowadays, the wastewaters management and treatment are strictly controlled since the physical properties and the chemical composition of these byproducts disallow the direct reject through natural media. However, the presence of some specific compounds confers to effluents new advantages and opens the door to several applications (such as soil fertilization, cattle feed, methanization, co-composting, etc.). Carbon being the main component of every fuel, the thermal valorization of these organic effluents by combustion in a standard biomass boiler seems to be possible. The study of this recovery method and its feasibility are the subjects of the thesis here. Due to their liquid state, effluents alone cannot be considered as fuels compared to standard biomass (woodchips, straw, etc.). Therefore research works are focused on study and characterization of biomasses as impregnation base, then formulation of fuels impregnated with an industrial organic effluent. Indeed, the adsorptive and absorptive properties of biomasses are well-known in the literature. A parametric study at laboratory scale was carried out in order to quantify the impregnation capacity of different types of biomass regarding the effluent. The main goal was also to highlight the parameters which influence the impregnation in order to modeling the phenomenon. Then impregnation and combustion tests were performed at pilot scale using a biomass boiler of 40 kW to ensure the conformity of impregnated fuels in terms of stack emissions. This part of the work was conducted with the perspective of preparing the process scale-up for a potential industrial utilization
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Sudholt, Alena [Verfasser]. "Ignition and Combustion of Tailor-Made Fuels from Biomass : Zündverhalten und Verbrennung maßgeschneiderter Kraftstoffe aus Biomasse / Alena Sudholt." Aachen : Shaker, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1124366644/34.

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Fofana, Alhassane. "Traitement pyrolitique de résidus en four vibrofluidisé : application à la biomasse et aux boues de station d'épuration." Compiègne, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003COMP1491.

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La pyrolyse de la biomasse consiste au traitement thermique de cette dernière dans le but de produire de la coke et du gaz, cette technique peut être source d'énergie renouvelable. Les travaux de cette étude ont été faits sur un pilote de pyrolyse de la biomasse à lit de transport vibrofluidisé. L'écoulement du solide est de type piston avec une température de traitement ajustable entre 400 et 1000°C. Le temps de séjour indépendant de la nature du solide, peut varier de quelques secondes à plusieurs minutes. L'étude s'est portée sur quatre espèces (bois, écorce, paille et les balles de riz) où nous avons déterminé les rendements de carbonisation et la caractérisation des cokes et des gaz de pyrolyse. Un modèle de pyrolyse en lit vibrofluidisé a été élaboré afin de simuler le comportement des solides dans le four. Cette modélisation a été validée par des résultats expérimentaux effectués sur le pilote. Les tests de pyrolyse des boues à l'échelle industrielle sur un pilote de plus grand dimension ont été validés
Pyrolysis of biomass is a thermal treatment which products generally coke and gases, this process can allow renewable energy plant. The study has been done on a vibrotluidized pyrolyser pilot. The type of transportation corresponds to a piston-like flow with an adjustable uniform temperature between 400 and 10OO°c. The residence time independent of the nature of the solid, does not depend of the solid nature and can vary few seconds at several minutes. The study went on four species (wood, bark, straw and halls of rice) where we determined the yield of carbonization, the characterization of cokes and gases of pyrolysis. A model of pyrolysis in vibrofluidized bed was elaborated in order to simulate the behaviour of the solids in the fumace. This modelling was validated by experimental results carried out on the pilot. The tests of pyrolysis of sludge on an industrial scale with a pilot of larger dimension were also validated
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Piednoir, Brice. "Comportement en combustion de résidus de biomasse : mise en évidence de synergies par mélange sous forme de granulés." Thesis, Perpignan, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PERP0066/document.

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La combustion de résidus de biomasse, généralement peu valorisés, pourrait apporter une solution d’approvisionnement intéressante pour la production d’énergie, allégeant la pression sur les ressources forestières. Toutefois, la composition chimique de ces résidus est à l’origine de problèmes techniques autant qu’environnementaux dans les procédés de combustion existants, ce qui limite leur utilisation. Deux de ces problèmes ont été traités dans cette thèse : les émissions de NOX et la quantité de potassium volatilisée lors de la combustion de différents résidus. Des essais de combustion ont été menés dans des réacteurs à l’échelle du laboratoire, sur des granulés de biomasse pure ou en mélange. Contrairement à la volatilisation du potassium, qui est liée à la teneur en différents éléments inorganiques, une relation linéaire forte (R² = 0,98) entre les émissions de NOX et la teneur en azote du combustible a été établie pour les granulés de biomasse pure. Des écarts par rapport à cette relation linéaire ont été observés dans le cas des essais menés sur des granulés de mélange, mettant en relief que la teneur en azote n’est pas le seul paramètre impliqué. Les travaux menés ont ainsi permis d’établir de manière originale que des synergies peuvent exister dans les granulés de mélange de résidus de biomasse, conduisant à des comportements différant de l’additivité directe des comportements des biomasses prises séparément. Ces synergies permettraient d’atténuer les problèmes causés par l’utilisation de ces résidus dans des chaudières en agissant de manière ingénieuse directement sur les propriétés des combustibles sans modification du procédé
Combustion of biomass residues, which are generally poorly valued, could provide an attractive supply solution for energy production, alleviating pressure on forest resources. However, the chemical composition of these residues is causing both technical and environmental problems in existing combustion processes, which limits their use. Two of these problems have been addressed in this thesis: the amount of volatilized potassium and NOX emissions, when burning different residues. Combustion tests have been conducted in laboratory-scale reactors on pure and mixed biomass pellets. Variations in the amount of volatilized potassium was found to be linked to the content of multiple chemical elements for pure biomass pellets. In the case of NOx emissions, a strong correlation (R² = 0.98) with the nitrogen content of the fuel was found for pure biomass pellets. However, deviations from this linear relationship were observed for trials conducted on mixed biomass pellets, highlighting that the nitrogen content is not the only parameter involved. The work carried out thus made it possible to establish in an original way that synergies can exist in the pellets made of a mixture of biomass residues, leading to beneficial behaviors differing from the direct additivity of the biomass behaviors taken separately. These synergies could allow to mitigate the problems caused by the use of these residues in boilers by ingeniously acting directly on the properties of the fuels without modification of the process
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Mameri, Fateh. "Caractérisation multi-physique et multi-échelle d'une installation de conversion d'énergie : application à une unité de cogénération biomasse." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018VALE0049/document.

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La micro-cogénération désigne la production simultanée de deux énergies finales et utilisables à partir d’une seule source d’énergie primaire. Le cas le plus fréquent est la production de la chaleur et de l’électricité. En France, la micro-cogénération concerne les petites puissances (< 36 kWel). Son intérêt réside dans des rendements globaux supérieurs à ceux obtenus dans le cas d’une production séparée équivalente d’électricité et de chaleur. Dans le cas d’une micro-cogénération biomasse, la chaleur est fournie par une chaudière biomasse qui est couplée à un cogénérateur via un échangeur de chaleur gaz – gaz. À cette échelle de puissance, les moteurs à combustion externe ou moteurs à air chaud sont les plus indiqués comme cogénérateur. L’objet de cette thèse est de caractériser et de modéliser une unité de micro-cogénération biomasse qui se compose d’une chaudière domestique à pellets de puissance 30 kWth, d’un moteur à air chaud de type Ericsson et d’un échangeur air–gaz brûlés inséré dans la chambre de combustion de la chaudière. Des modèles dynamiques 0D de la chaudière biomasse et de l’échangeur de chaleur air – gaz brûlés sont développés pour simuler les phases transitoires et représenter l’évolution des variables du système au cours du temps. Les modèles 0D dynamiques ont été validés par des mesures expérimentales. Ils sont capables d'évaluer les performances énergétiques et les pertes de puissance et de quantifier les transferts thermiques entre les fluides de travail (eau et air), les gaz brûlés et les parois en différentes zones au sein du système considéré (chaudière ou échangeur de chaleur air – gaz brûlés). Une post-combustion a été réalisée en injectant de l’air secondaire à différents débits, chauffé à différentes températures dans la partie haute de la chambre de combustion de la chaudière. Des mesures des émissions polluantes au niveau de la cheminée de la chaudière ont été réalisées afin d’examiner l’influence de la post-combustion. Les principaux composants mesurés sont : le dioxyde de carbone, l’oxygène, le monoxyde de carbone et les oxydes d’azote
Micro-cogeneration refers to the simultaneous production of two final and usable energies from a single primary energy source. The most common case is the production of heat and electricity. In France, micro-cogeneration concerns small powers (< 36 kWel). Its interest lies in higher efficiencies than those obtained in the case of an equivalent separate production of electricity and heat. In the case of biomass micro-CHP system, the heat is supplied by a biomass boiler that is coupled to a cogenerator via a heat exchanger. For this power, external combustion engines or hot air engines are the most suitable. In the case of The purpose of this PhD thesis work is to characterize and model a biomass micro-CHP unit, with a biomass boiler (30 kWth), an Ericsson engine and an air-flue gas heat exchanger inserted inside the combustion chamber of the boiler. Dynamic models 0D of the biomass boiler and the air-flue gas heat exchanger are developed to simulate the transient phases and to represent the evolution of the variables as a time function. Dynamic 0D models have been validated by experimental measurements. They evaluate the energy performances and power losses and quantify heat transfer between working fluids (water and air), flue gases and walls in different zones in the considered system (boiler or air-flue gas heat exchanger). A post-combustion is investigated by injecting secondary air at different flow rates and different temperatures in the upper part of the boiler combustion chamber. Experimental measurements of pollutant emissions in the boiler chimney are performed to examine the post-combustion influence. The main pollutants measured are: carbon dioxide, oxygen, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides
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Books on the topic "Biomasse – Combustion"

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Sjaak, Van Loo, and Koppejan Jaap, eds. The handbook of biomass combustion and co-firing. London: Earthscan, 2008.

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Sjaak, Van Loo, and Koppejan Jaap, eds. The handbook of biomass combustion and co-firing. London: Earthscan, 2008.

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Sjaak, Van Loo, and Koppejan Jaap, eds. The handbook of biomass combustion and co-firing. London: Earthscan, 2008.

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Harrie, Knoef, and Stassen Hubert E. 1942-, eds. Energy from biomass: A review of combustion and gasification technologies. Washington, D.C: World Bank, 1999.

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Singh, Ashok K., Reginald Ebhin Masto, Bodhisatwa Hazra, Joan Esterle, and Pradeep K. Singh. Ash from Coal and Biomass Combustion. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56981-5.

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Zhuang, Za-Hui. Emissions from biomass combustion in Asia. Bangkok: Environmental Systems Information Center, Asian Institute of Technology, 1996.

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Exchange, German Appropriate Technology, ed. Status report, energy from biomass: Direct and reduced combustion. Braunschweig: F. Vieweg, 1986.

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Garcia-Maraver, A., and J. A. Pérez-Jiménez. Biomass pelletization: Standards and production. Southhampton, UK: WIT Press, 2015.

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Canada, Canada Natural Resources, and Canada. Renewable and Electrical Energy Division., eds. Buyer's guide to small commercial biomass combustion systems. [Ottawa]: Natural Resources Canada, 2000.

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Systems, ABB Combustion, and Canada Centre for Mineral and Energy Technology., eds. Development of advanced combustion technology for biomass fuels. Ottawa: CANMET, Natural Resources Canada, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Biomasse – Combustion"

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Jenkins, Bryan M., Larry L. Baxter, and Jaap Koppejan. "Biomass Combustion." In Thermochemical Processing of Biomass, 13–46. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119990840.ch2.

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Jenkins, Bryan M., Larry L. Baxter, and Jaap Koppejan. "Biomass Combustion." In Thermochemical Processing of Biomass, 49–83. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119417637.ch3.

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Capareda, Sergio C. "Biomass Combustion." In Introduction to Biomass Energy Conversions, 421–56. 2nd ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003294306-13.

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Wiese, Andreas. "Biomass biomass Combustion biomass combustion for Electricity Generation." In Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology, 1231–68. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0851-3_254.

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Wiese, Andreas. "Biomass biomass Combustion biomass combustion for Electricity Generation." In Renewable Energy Systems, 290–327. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5820-3_254.

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Nussbaumer, Thomas. "Wood Combustion." In Advances in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion, 575–89. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1336-6_44.

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Johansson, Bengt. "Fuels and Combustion." In Biofuels from Lignocellulosic Biomass, 1–27. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527685318.ch1.

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Faravelli, Tiziano, Alessio Frassoldati, Emma Barker Hemings, and Eliseo Ranzi. "Multistep Kinetic Model of Biomass Pyrolysis." In Cleaner Combustion, 111–39. London: Springer London, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5307-8_5.

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Jones, Jenny M., Amanda R. Lea-Langton, Lin Ma, Mohamed Pourkashanian, and Alan Williams. "Introduction to Biomass Combustion." In Pollutants Generated by the Combustion of Solid Biomass Fuels, 1–7. London: Springer London, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-6437-1_1.

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Nussbaumer, T., and J. E. Hustad. "Overview of Biomass Combustion." In Developments in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion, 1229–43. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1559-6_98.

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Conference papers on the topic "Biomasse – Combustion"

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Floriani, Silvia L., Elaine Virmond, Christine Albrecht Althoff, Regina F. P. M. Moreira, and Humberto J. Jose´. "Potential of Industrial Solid Wastes as an Energy Source and Gaseous Emissions Evaluation in a Pilot Scale Burner." In ASME 2008 2nd International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the Heat Transfer, Fluids Engineering, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2008-54355.

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Biomass is currently used as an alternative energy source in some industries. Due to problems with disposal of wastes, using biomass as an energy source is economically and environmentally attractive. In this work seven wastes from textile and food industry were characterized and their gaseous emissions resulting from their combustion in a pilot unit were measured. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the usage of industrial wastes as an energy source taking into account their composition and gaseous emissions when submitted to combustion tests. Gaseous emissions were compared to limits imposed by Brazilian and international current legislations. Volatile organic compounds (VOC) were analyzed by GC-MS and their content values were expressed as total organic carbon (TOC). Four combustion tests were carried out in a cyclone combustor and all TOC emissions were below regulations limits. CO, CO2, NOx, CxHy and SO2 were also measured. Chemical properties showed that the volatile matter values of all biomass were high what indicate that the solids burn rapidly and some biomass presented high levels of sulphur and consequently high levels of emission of SO2 when burned. The lower heating values ranged from 14.22 to 22.93 MJ.kg−1. Moisture content and particulate matter (PM) were measured during the combustion tests and showed effective combustion conditions. Thermogravimetric analysis of the biomasses showed ignition temperatures and maximum burning rate which were compared to other papers data. The usage of these biomasses as an energy source is possible however gas treatment would be required specially if the solid presents high levels of sulphur and chlorine.
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Zevenhoven, Maria, Bengt-Johan Skrifvars, Patrik Yrjas, Rainer Backman, Christian Mueller, and Mikko Hupa. "Co-Firing in FBC: A Challenge for Fuel Characterization and Modeling." In 17th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2003-086.

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Co-combustion of coal with biomass or firing biomass alone is used more and more in a first step in meeting the Finnish commitments under the Kyoto protocol. A frequently used technique for firing mixtures of fuels is fluidized bed combustion (FBC). Firing coal, co-combustion with biomass or firing biomass alone may, however, lead to unwanted ash-related problems. Prediction of ash formation behavior can help to avoid these problems before taking new fuels into use. Standard fuel analyses have shown to provide insufficient information for proper prediction especially when considering fuel mixtures. In an attempt to minimize the number of lab scale and pilot scale combustion experiments an extensive database is under development. This database contains data used as input for prediction models such as standard fuel analyses, results from stepwise leaching experiments, SEM/EDS analyses of original and partly burned-out fuels and thermodynamic estimations of the melting behavior of the fuels. Today the database contains 51 fuels, i.e. 8 bark fuels, 10 wood fuels, 3 annual biomasses, 8 peats, 6 coals and 16 miscellaneous fuels, such as RDF, sludge, hulls and husks, bagasse and other residues. Standardized fuel analysis is available for all fuels; melting calculations have been carried out for some 33 fuels. SEM/EDS analysis has been carried out for 20 fuels. The extended utilization of these data with computational fluid dynamic modeling (CFD) has proven to be a useful tool in prediction of deposits in FBC boilers. An example of the prediction tool shows the ability of deposit formation prediction.
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Cameretti, Maria Cristina, and Raffaele Tuccillo. "Combustion Analysis in a Micro-Gas Turbine Supplied With Bio-Fuels." In ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-25560.

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The authors examine in this paper the response of a micro gas turbine (MGT) combustor when supplied with gaseous fuels from biomass treatment or solid waste pyrolysis. Actually, a sort of off-design operation is induced by the employment of low calorific value fuels both in the combustor and in the whole micro turbine system. The objective is to optimize the combustor behaviour under the point of view of combustion efficiency and pollutant control. To this aim, several solutions are experienced for a combustor fuelled with low LHV gaseous fuels derived from biomasses or solid waste treatment. An external EGR option is also considered as activated. The combustion development is analyzed by a combined approach based on the partially stirred reactor hypothesis and on the flamelet concept within a CFD simulation workbench.
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Riccio, G., F. Martelli, and S. Maltagliati. "Study of an External Fired Gas Turbine Power Plant Fed by Solid Fuel." In ASME Turbo Expo 2000: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2000-gt-0015.

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The study of a gas turbine plant fed by solid fuel is discussed in this paper. The plant presented is a small one, 3 MWel, externally fired by the combustion of solid biomass. The aim of the technical discussion is to find both the energetic optimisation and the actual feasibility of the plant through available industrial components (gas turbine, heat exchanger, biomass combustor). The final optimal configuration found in the present study allows for a mix of internal (gas) and external (solid fuel) combustion. In this way higher maximum cycle temperature than in standard biomasss combustors are reached through a small addition of gaseous or liquid fuel. The technical study is based on an optimum size and configuration of the power plant, previously defined, with respect to the performance and the complexity of the plant, and in comparison with other energy conversion processes of biomass such as pyrolysis or gasification. A sensitivity analysis permits the determination an optimal gas turbine in terms of pressure ratio and TIT for the current application and indicates the most important parameters that affect the power plant performance, i.e. the components on which the performance of the plant may depend. Economic data show that the direct external combustion of solid fuel has a more favourable trade-off than the configuration of the plant with gasifier.
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Hiramatsu, Masato, Yoshifumi Nakashima, Sadamasa Adachi, Yudai Yamasaki, and Shigehiko Kaneko. "Combustion Characteristics of Small Size Gas Turbine Combustor Fueled by Biomass Gas Employing Flameless Combustion." In ASME Turbo Expo 2007: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2007-27636.

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One approach to achieving 99% combustion efficiency (C.E.) and 10 ppmV or lower NOx (at 15%O2) in a micro gas turbine (MGT) combustor fueled by biomass gas at a variety of operating conditions is with the use of flameless combustion (FLC). This paper compares experimentally obtained results and CHEMKIN analysis conducted for the developed combustor. As a result, increase the number of stage of FLC combustion enlarges the MGT operation range with low-NOx emissions and high-C.E. The composition of fuel has a small effect on the characteristics of ignition in FLC. In addition, NOx in the engine exhaust is reduced by higher levels of CO2 in the fuel.
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Apprill, Bob, Logan Coen, Brian Gessler, Jonathan Mattson, and Christopher Depcik. "Fixed Bed Solid Fuel Combustor for the Purpose of Testing Solid Biomass Emissions Properties." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-36543.

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Fossil fuels place a large strain on the environment due to the pollution produced through their extraction and usage. One method to reduce societal fossil fuel usage is through co-combustion of coal with woody biomass. However, overproduction of this biomass may lead to significant environmental deterioration. A potential sustainable substitute for the woody biomass is in the form of dried algae. Because the emission characteristics of algae combustion are unknown, a simple dry mass combustor was constructed, including necessary instrumentation, as part of an undergraduate design class with the goal of a more thorough characterization of algae’s combustion properties. The combustor is a simple and affordable design, in keeping with the classes’ principles of sustainability through a focus on energy, environment, and economy. The combustor consists of a flow controller that sends air into a metallic plenum, where modulations in flow are reduced before it is sent to a steel pipe for combustion. This paper describes the concepts involved in the design of this combustor, and preliminary assessment efforts employing the system when testing biomass pellets. Testing showed combustion efficiency greater than 98%, and the data clearly illustrates three separate phases to the reaction process, with rapid changes in emissions and temperature punctuating the ends of these phases.
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Mueller, Christian, Anders Brink, and Mikko Hupa. "Numerical Simulation of the Combustion Behavior of Different Biomasses in a Bubbling Fluidized Bed Boiler." In 18th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2005-78138.

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Solid fuels currently used for energy production in thermal power plants are characterized by a large variety ranging from different coals to biomasses and wastes. This manifold of fuels offers opportunities to the energy producers and nowadays many power plants do not fire single fuels but fuel mixtures. While this procedure may lead to overall economic and environmental advantages it is very demanding for the boiler operators to maintain boiler performance and availability and to meet emission limits. The development of mathematical models that are capable of predicting the combustion behavior of fuel mixtures and provide guidelines for operators and manufacturers has been a challenge over the last years. Since bubbling fluidized beds are frequently used for firing fuel mixtures and especially biomass mixtures, current CFD based BFB models, such as the A˚bo Akademi Furnace Model, have been used widely over the last years to predict emission tendencies and ash deposition behavior. However, due to the complexity of the processes during combustion of fuel mixtures and the combustion process in the bubbling fluidised bed itself, the models are characterized by strong simplifications. This is especially true for the description of the lower part of the furnace, the region of fuel intake and bubbling bed. Recently, the A˚bo Akademi Furnace Model has been extended by a more detailed description of the fuel conversion by considering the combustion of individual biomass particles and a first simplified approach describing heat and mass transfer processes between the bubbling bed and the freeboard. Both submodels guarantee a closed mass and energy balance over the bed-freeboard region. In the current study the new submodels have been used to investigate the combustion conditions in a 290 MW bubbling fluidized bed boiler firing peat and forest residue. Clear differences in the simulation results for the both fuels can be found with regard to the specific combustion characteristics, the location of the main combustion zone and the total heat generated during combustion.
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De Pascale, Andrea, Marco Fussi, and Antonio Peretto. "Numerical Simulation of Biomass Derived Syngas Combustion in a Swirl Flame Combustor." In ASME Turbo Expo 2010: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2010-22791.

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In this work a numerical investigation is carried out on a model combustor characterized by swirl flow conditions, fed with a biomass derived syngas fuel (which incorporates CH4, CO and H2) and operated in laboratory at atmospheric pressure. The combustor internal aerodynamics and heat release in case of syngas combustion have been simulated in the framework of CFD-RANS techniques, by means of different available models and by adopting different levels of kinetic mechanism complexity. In particular, the applicability of reduced mechanisms involving CO and H2 species and also of detailed kinetic mechanisms are assessed. The results obtained by means of the CFD simulations on the model combustor and a comparison with available experimental data on flow field and thermal field are presented in the paper. In the test-case of syngas-air swirled flames, the turbulent non premixed combustion “flamelet” model with detailed non-equilibrium chemistry, originally developed for methane-air combustion, provides encouraging results in terms of temperature distribution. Nevertheless, a simpler chemical path including the main fuel species integrated in a general purpose, widely used in industry, turbulent combustion model still provides acceptable results.
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Werkelin, Johan, Maria Zevenhoven, Bengt-Johan Skrifvars, and Mikko Hupa. "Chemical Forms of Ash-Forming Matter in Woody Fuels for FBC." In 18th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2005-78128.

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The prediction of the ash behavior in combustion processes is enhanced by the determination of the ash-forming matter in the fuel. The scope of this work was to characterize Scandinavian wood fuels by studying the wood, bark and leaves from a spruce and an aspen. Chemical Fractionation, a step-wise leaching procedure that treat the fuel in water, ammonium acetate and hydrochloric acid, was used to determine the solubility of the ash elements. The resulting solutions were further analyzed on ionic species, which was coupled to the presence of salt compounds in the original biomass tissues. The leaching procedure dissolved nearly 100% of the ash-forming matter. The phosphorus (P), chlorine (Cl) and some of the sulfur (S) were readily leached with water and found present as HPO42−, SO42− and Cl− in the solutions. The simultaneous dissolving of potassium (K) in this step proved the presence of water soluble potassium salts in the biomasses. The remaining K after the water treatment and all magnesium (Mg) dissolved completely in the ammonium acetate step together with a large part of the tissues’ calcium (Ca) and manganese (Mn). The remaining Ca after the second step was leached in hydrochloric acid together with equivalent amounts of oxalate ions, C2O42−. This proved the presence of acid soluble calcium oxalate in the tissues, a salt with low solubility in neutral pH.
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Urashima, Masato, and Shuichi Torii. "Development of Advanced Combustor for Biomass." In ASME/JSME 2011 8th Thermal Engineering Joint Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajtec2011-44180.

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Biomass is a renewable energy source in that the energy that it contains comes from the sun. One of sources of biomass is municipal solid waste. The final goal of the study is to develop the combustor for the micro gas-turbine using the biomass as a fuel. Here, it is very important to remove ashes (10μm or more in diameter) in the gas because its size affects the strength or erosion of the turbine blade. The aim of the present study is to observe the combustion phenomena relevant to a mixture of waste liquid and waste oil. Emphasis is placed on the ash size which is produced from the combustion chamber developed here. It is found that the ash size obtained at the exit of the combustor is less than 10 μm.
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Reports on the topic "Biomasse – Combustion"

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Banerjee, Subhodeep, and Robin Hughes. Biomass Combustion in a Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustor. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1659115.

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Hughes, Robin, and Subhodeep Banerjee. Biomass Combustion in a Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustor. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1660765.

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Banerjee, Subhodeep. Full-Loop Simulation of the Combustion of Biomass in a Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustor. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1785675.

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Comunicación de las Ciencias, Centro. Infografía Humo Biomasa. Universidad Autónoma de Chile, February 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32457/2050012728/9590202028.

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El Centro de Comunicación de las Ciencias se suma a las iniciativas comunicar investigaciones científicas a través de formatos novedosos y dinámicos. Y en esta, la primera entrega, se busca concientizar sobre los efectos nocivos del humo que se produce por la combustión de leña y otros materiales de origen animal o vegetal.
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Bruce C. Folkedahl, Christopher J. Zygarlicke, Joshua R. Strege, Donald P. McCollor, Jason D. Laumb, and Lingbu Kong. JV 58-Effects of Biomass Combustion on SCR Catalyst. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/908314.

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Simoneit, B. R. T., M. R. bin Abas, G. R. Cass, W. F. Rogge, M. A. Mazurek, L. J. Standley, and L. M. Hildemann. Natural organic compounds as tracers for biomass combustion in aerosols. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/102164.

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C. R. Shaddix and D. R. Hardesty. Combustion Properties of Biomass Flash Pyrolysis Oils: Final Project Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5983.

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Robert D. Litt, Donald Anson, Elizabeth De Lucia, and James J. Reuther. Addendum to Final Report "Biomass Gasification Evaluation of Gas Turbine Combustion". Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/890023.

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French, R. J., D. C. Dayton, and T. A. Milne. The direct observation of alkali vapor species in biomass combustion and gasification. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10115003.

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Bushnell, Dwight J., Charles Haluzok, and Abbas Dadkhah-Nikoo. Biomass Fuel Characterization : Testing and Evaluating the Combustion Characteristics of Selected Biomass Fuels : Final Report May 1, 1988-July, 1989. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6910422.

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