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ROBERTA DA SILVA FERREIRA, VITÓRIA, VIVIAN MIDORI TAKAHASHI, PEDRO HENRIQUE GONZALEZ DE CADEMARTORI, MAYARA ELITA CARNEIRO, and DIMAS AGOSTINHO DA SILVA. "QUALIDADE ENERGÉTICA DE RESÍDUOS MADEIREIROS PARICÁ E PINUS." ENERGIA NA AGRICULTURA 36, no. 2 (August 12, 2021): 230–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17224/energagric.2021v36n2p230-238.
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QUALIDADE ENERGÉTICa de resíduos madeireiros paricá e pinus VIVIAN MIDORI TAKAHASHI1, VITÓRIA ROBERTA DA SILVA FERREIRA1, PEDRO HENRIQUE GONZALEZ DE CADEMARTORI1,2, MAYARA ELITA CARNEIRO2, DIMAS AGOSTINHO DA SILVA1,2 1 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Florestal (PPGEF), Universidade Federal do Paraná, Av. Prefeito Lothário Meissner, 632 - Jardim Botânico, Curitiba - PR, 80210-170, viviantakahashi@hotmail.com; victoria_roberta19@hotmail.com 2 Departamento de Engenharia e Tecnologia Florestal (DETF), Universidade Federal do Paraná, Av. Prefeito Lothário Meissner, 632 - Jardim Botânico, Curitiba - PR, 80210-170, pedroc@ufpr.br; mayaraecarneiro@gmail.com; dimas.agostinho.silva@gmail.com RESUMO: O presente trabalho investigou a qualidade energética de resíduos de Paricá e Pinus. Para tal, foram investigadas as propriedades químicas, térmicas e energéticas das biomassas de paricá e pinus por meio da química elementar, química macromolecular e química imediata, além da obtenção do poder calorífico por meio de normas regulamentadoras. Além disso, realizou-se análise termogravimétrica em ambiente inerte e oxidativo para simular o comportamento das biomassas em processos de pirólise e combustão. Ambas as biomassas apresentaram teor de carbono próximo à 45%. O teor de lignina para a paricá e do pinus foi de 26 e de 31%, respectivamente. A madeira de paricá apresentou teor de cinzas cerca de três vezes maior que o pinus, enquanto o poder calorífico foi estatisticamente igual. Qualitativamente, as curvas termogravimétricas mostraram um comportamento de degradação similar, porém, denotou-se uma maior massa residual para a biomassa de pinus. Portanto, concluiu-se que a biomassa de paricá apresenta potencial como fonte alternativa para a geração de energia, porém, ressalta-se que potenciais rotas de conversão termoquímica devem levar em consideração o maior teor de cinzas da biomassa de paricá em comparação a biomassa de pinus, o que pode causar problemas durante a utilização desta espécie como biocombustível. Palavras-chave: biocombustível, biomassa residual, composição química, energia ENERGY QUALITY OF PARICÁ AND PINE WOOD RESIDUES This work investigated the energy quality of residues of Paricá and Pinus. Chemical, thermal and energetics properties of the biomasses were investigated by means of elemental analysis, macromolecular chemical components, proximate analysis, and high heating value. The thermogravimetry. Was investigated in an inert and oxidative environment to simulate the behavior of the biomasses in both pyrolysis and combustion processes. Both biomasses presented fixed carbon around 45%. The lignin content for paricá and pinus was 26 and 31%, respectively. The paricá wood presented an ash content of about three times higher than the pinus, while the calorific value was statistically equal. Qualitatively, the thermogravimetric curves showed a similar degradation behavior, however, a higher residual mass was denoted for the pinus biomass, showing the possibility of using nontraditional species for this purpose compared to pinus biomass. However, note that potential thermo-chemical conversion routes should consider the higher ash content of paricá biomass compared to pinus biomass, which can cause problems during the use of this species as biofuel. Keywords: biofuel, residual biomass, chemical composition, energy
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Pyne, Stephen J., and Mathias Lefèvre. "Le feu industriel. Attiser le Grand Brûlage." Écologie & politique N° 68, no. 1 (May 3, 2024): 141–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/ecopo1.068.0141.
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Ce texte est extrait du livre de l’auteur, Fire : A Brief History . Dans cet ouvrage, Stephen Pyne distingue trois feux. Le Premier Feu est le feu premier proprement dit, le feu « naturel », dont l’apparition est antérieure à celle des êtres humains et qui se produit donc sans intervention humaine (par exemple grâce à la foudre) ; le Second Feu est le feu anthropogénique (feu aborigène, feu agricole), celui que l’humain utilise depuis qu’il en a acquis la maîtrise pour brûler de la biomasse (arbres, herbes, etc.) ; le Troisième Feu est le feu industriel, à la fois fruit et facteur de l’industrialisation de la société, brûlant des combustibles fossiles (charbon, pétrole, gaz naturel…) au sein d’appareils de combustion spéciaux. Ce sont les caractéristiques de ce feu industriel qui sont ici présentées, ainsi que sa signification écologique (ses relations avec les autres feux, son impact sur les milieux).
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Jestin-Guyon, N., E. H. Ouaalaya, and C. Rahersion-Semjen. "Impact de la combustion de biomasse sur la santé respiratoire des enfants de moins de 15 ans à Madagascar." Revue des Maladies Respiratoires Actualités 14, no. 1 (January 2022): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rmra.2021.11.428.
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García Sánchez, Gabriel Fernando, Jorge Luis Chacón Velasco, David Alfredo Fuentes Díaz, Yesid Javier Rueda-Ordóñez, David Patiño, Juan Jesús Rico, and Jairo René Martínez Morales. "Biomass Combustion Modeling Using OpenFOAM: Development of a Simple Computational Model and Study of the Combustion Performance of Lippia origanoides Bagasse." Energies 16, no. 6 (March 22, 2023): 2932. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16062932.
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Combustion is the most commonly used technology to produce energy from biomass; nevertheless, there are still thermal efficiency problems in current biomass combustion furnaces and a lack of knowledge about the properties of residual biomasses that could be used as fuels. Aiming to contribute to knowledge of the potential of residual biomass for energy generation, this work reports on the implementation of a 2D computational model to study the combustion performance of several solid biomass fuels, and its application in the analysis of Lippia origanoides bagasse combustion. The model uses an Eulerian–Lagrangian approach; in the continuous phase, governing equations are solved, and in the dispersed phase, particles are tracked and the mass, momentum, species and energy transfer between the phases are calculated. The model was validated against experimental data from a combustor fueled by three biomasses: wood pellets, olive stone and almond shell. The results show deviations of less than 13%, with few exceptions, which indicates a good degree of agreement with experimental measurements compared with those reported by other studies on the subject. Furthermore, it was found that the stems of Lippia origanoides bagasse show similar performance to that of other biomass used as solid fuel, while the leaves present lower performance.
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Yegen, C. H., C. Macias, M. Georgopoulos, C. Buissot, R. Souktani, M. Bourenane, C. Boucheniata, et al. "Impact de l’exposition combinée à la combustion de biomasse et à la pollution atmosphérique urbaine dans les manifestations pulmonaires de la mucoviscidose." Revue des Maladies Respiratoires 41, no. 3 (March 2024): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rmr.2024.01.087.
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Kažimírová, V., and R. Opáth. "Biomass combustion emissions." Research in Agricultural Engineering 62, Special Issue (December 30, 2016): S61—S65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/69/2015-rae.
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The paper deals with gaseous emissions generated in biomass combustion in water boilers. It provides results of analyses of gaseous emissions and boiler efficiency in combustion of branches of apple trees from spring pruning, spruce cuttings and corn cobs obtained from kernel harvest. Measurements were done in laboratory conditions. Average CO emission values observed in combustion were from 334.7 to 650.18 mg/m<sup>3</sup> and average NO<sub>x</sub> emission values were low, between 50.1 and 157.2 mg/m<sup>3</sup>. Boiler efficiency in applewood combustion was lower – this was caused by its higher moisture.
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ORANG, NAZ, and HONGHI TRAN. "Effect of feedstock moisture content on biomass boiler operation." October 2015 14, no. 10 (November 1, 2015): 629–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj14.10.629.
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Burning feedstock with high and constantly varying moisture content is a challenge in the operationof the stoker-grate type biomass boilers in pulp and paper mills. A fundamental study was performed, using a thermogravimetric combustor controlled at different temperatures, to systematically investigate the effect of moisture content on the combustion behavior of several woody biomasses. The results show that combustion occurred through three stages: drying, devolatilization, and char burning. Increasing the moisture content of the sample above 30% significantly increased the drying time and the time to ignition of the sample. Moisture content, however, had only a small effect on the devolatilization rate and virtually no effect on the char burning rate. Furnace temperature had a great effect on combustion. Samples containing 40% moisture could still ignite and burn readily at 800°C, but they took a much longer time to ignite at 500°C and did not ignite at 400°C. These results imply that in biomass boiler operation, the high moisture content in feedstock delays combustion and causes the furnace temperature to decrease. The low temperature, in turn, suppresses combustion, further decreasing the furnace temperature and causing more delay in combustion. This downward spiral will eventually lead to a boiler blackout unless the biomass feed rate is significantly reduced or the auxiliary fuel (natural gas and fuel oil) flow rate cofired in the boiler is increased to keep the furnace temperature high.
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Zou, Zheng, Yangui Chen, Jieqing Zheng, Xiaodong Zhang, and Hongzhou He. "Co-combustion performance analysis of a Fujian anthracite with Cunninghamia lanceolate and Mycorrhizal plants." Progress in Reaction Kinetics and Mechanism 46 (January 2021): 146867832110109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14686783211010966.
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The co-combustion characteristics of Fujian anthracite with two biomasses (i.e. Cunninghamia lanceolata) and Mycorrhizal plants in different proportions were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis. The result showed that first, the co-combustion processes of Fujian anthracite with the two biomasses ( Cunninghamia lanceolata and Mycorrhizal plants) proceeded in three stages, separation and combustion of volatiles, combustion of fixed carbon in the biomass, and combustion of fixed carbon in Fujian anthracite. Secondly with increasing proportion of biomass, the co-combustion of Fujian anthracite with Cunninghamia lanceolata and Mycorrhizal plants shifted to a low-temperature zone, with a lower ignition temperature, shortened burnout time, and growth of both combustibility index ( Ci) and comprehensive combustion index S. Finally, at different mixing proportions, the comprehensive combustion index S during co-combustion of FW with Mycorrhizal plants is always larger than that during co-combustion with Cunninghamia lanceolata; therefore, FW and Mycorrhizal plants exhibit superior comprehensive co-combustion performance to FW and Cunninghamia lanceolata. Analysis of various parameters pertaining to combustion performance shows that the ignition and combustion performance of Fujian anthracite was improved as long as the Fujian anthracite was mixed with around 20% biomass.
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Erdiwansyah, Mahidin, Husni Husin, Nasaruddin, Muhtadin, Muhammad Faisal, Asri Gani, Usman, and Rizalman Mamat. "Combustion Efficiency in a Fluidized-Bed Combustor with a Modified Perforated Plate for Air Distribution." Processes 9, no. 9 (August 24, 2021): 1489. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9091489.
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Combustion efficiency is one of the most important parameters especially in the fluidized-bed combustor. Investigations into the efficiency of combustion in fluidized-bed combustor fuels using solid biomass waste fuels in recent years are increasingly in demand by researchers around the world. Specifically, this study aims to calculate the combustion efficiency in the fluidized-bed combustor. Combustion efficiency is calculated based on combustion results from the modification of hollow plates in the fluidized-bed combustor. The modified hollow plate aims to control combustion so that the fuel incorporated can burn out and not saturate. The combustion experiments were tested using palm oil biomass solid waste fuels such as palm kernel shell, oil palm midrib, and empty fruit bunches. The results of the measurements showed that the maximum combustion temperature for the palm kernel shell fuel reached 863 °C for M1 and 887 °C for M2. The maximum combustion temperature measurements for M1 and M2 from the oil palm midrib fuel testing reached 898 °C and 858 °C, respectively, while the maximum combustion temperature for M1 and M2 from the empty fruit bunches fuel was 667 °C and M2 847 °C, respectively. The rate of combustion efficiency with the modification of the hole plate in the fluidized-bed combustor reached 96.2%. Thermal efficiency in fluidized-bed combustors for oil palm midrib was 72.62%, for PKS was 70.03%, and for empty fruit bunches was 52.43%. The highest heat transfer rates for the oil palm midrib fuel reached 7792.36 W/m2, palm kernel shell 7167.38 W/m2, and empty fruit bunches 5127.83 W/m2. Thus, the modification of the holed plate in the fluidized-bed combustor chamber showed better performance of the plate than without modification.
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KAEWKOHKIAT, Yingyong, Smith EIAMSA-ARD, Khwanchit WONGCHAREE, D. THUNGSOTANON, and Pongjet PROMVONGE. "D102 COMBUSTION OF RICE HUSK IN A FLUIDIZED BED COMBUSTOR WITH WAVY-SURFACED CHAMBERS(Biomass-1)." Proceedings of the International Conference on Power Engineering (ICOPE) 2009.1 (2009): _1–195_—_1–199_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicope.2009.1._1-195_.
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Demirbaş, Ayhan. "Biomass Co-Firing for Coal-Fired Boilers." Energy Exploration & Exploitation 21, no. 3 (June 2003): 269–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/014459803769520070.
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In this study ground biomass and pulverized coal were used for co-firing test. The tests of co-firing of coal and biomass were carried out in a bench-scale bubbling fluidized bed combustor. Biomass is an attractive and sustainable renewable fuel to supplement coal combustion in utility boilers. Coal co-firing was successful with up to a 20% biomass mix boilers. Coal and biomass fuels are quite different in composition. Ash composition for the biomass is fundamentally different from ash composition for the coal. Chlorine in the biomass may affect operation by corrosion. Ash deposits reduce heat transfer and may also result in severe corrosion at high temperatures. Biomass and coal blend combustion is a promising combustion technology; however, significant development work is required before large-scale implementation can be realized. Issues related to successful implementation of coal biomass blend combustion are identified. Co-firing of coal and biomass is an effective method of control NOx. Formation of NOx decreases with the increase of biomass fraction.
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Menia, Sabah, Ilyés Nouicer, Yasmina Bakouri, Abdelhamid M’raoui, Hammou Tebibel, and Abdallah Khellaf. "Production d’hydrogène par procédés biologiques." Oil & Gas Science and Technology – Revue d’IFP Energies nouvelles 74 (2019): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2516/ogst/2018099.
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L’hydrogène, s’il est produit à partir de matières premières renouvelables, est une source alternative viable pour remplacer les combustibles fossiles conventionnels en raison de son potentiel énergétique élevé (122 kJ/g). Quand l’hydrogène est utilisé comme carburant, son principal produit de combustion est l’eau, qui peut être recyclée pour produire plus d’hydrogène, mais contrairement aux combustibles fossiles, l’hydrogène n’est pas facilement disponible dans la nature et les méthodes de production couramment utilisées sont assez coûteuses. Actuellement, environ 98 % de l’hydrogène provient des combustibles fossiles. Globalement, 40 % de l’hydrogène est produit à partir de gaz naturel ou de reformage à la vapeur d’hydrocarbures, 30 % à partir de pétrole, 18 % à partir de charbon et 4 % partir d’électrolyse de l’eau. Cependant, ces processus sont coûteux et pas toujours respectueux de l’environnement. Les procédés biologiques pour la production d’hydrogène peuvent fonctionner dans des conditions opératoires moins énergivores et plus respectueuses de l’environnement par rapport aux méthodes chimiques conventionnelles. Cette approche est non seulement écologique, mais ouvre aussi de nouvelles voies pour l’exploitation de ressources énergétiques renouvelables illimitées. En outre, ils peuvent également utiliser différents déchets, ce qui facilite le recyclage des déchets. La production d’hydrogène biologique utilisant la biomasse riche en hydrates de carbone comme ressource renouvelable est l’une des différentes méthodes dans lesquelles les processus peuvent se produire via un processus anaérobie et un processus de photosynthèse. Dans cet article, les différents procédés biologiques de production de l’hydrogène sont décrits et comparés.
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Carnevale, Monica, Enrico Paris, Beatrice Vincenti, Adriano Palma, Mariangela Salerno, Ettore Guerriero, Raffaele Mancini, Marco Calcopietro, and Francesco Gallucci. "Combustion and Emission Analysis of Spent Mushroom Compost and Forestry Woodchip for Management and Energy Production." Fire 6, no. 1 (December 29, 2022): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire6010009.
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Forestry woodchip and spent mushroom compost have commercial potential as sustainable residues in biological and chemical processes for energy production. This study focuses on the evaluation of agri-food industry waste energy valorization, with the aim to reduce the valuable biomass utilization for energy production without decreasing the process quality, thereby pursuing economic and environmental advantages. Burning trials were conducted in a fluidized bed biomass plant provided with emission abatement systems. The biomass mixture used for combustion was composed of pine and oak woodchip and spent mushroom compost. The biomass used was first characterized through compositional and energetic analysis, and subsequently, during the burning tests, a monitoring sampling campaign was carried out to analyze the gas and particles emission. Optimal combustion conditions were observed during combustion, with good oxidation of the organic material, relatively high CO2 production, and low CO concentration in flue gas. Nevertheless, SO2 concentrations in the combustion flue gas are greater than those found in the combustion of the most commonly used biomasses. In fact, the mixture compositional characterization revealed a non-negligible concentration of sulfur, which explains the high values of SO2 detected in emission. The obtained results confirm that controlled combustion, together with suitable biomasses utilization, preliminary characterization, and emission monitoring, are essential practices for the realization of a sustainable process, both from an energy and environmental point of view.
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Miljkovic, Biljana. "Experimental facility for analysis of biomass combustion characteristics." Thermal Science 19, no. 1 (2015): 341–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci120928119m.
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The objective of the present article is to present an experimental facility which was designed and built at the Faculty of Technical Sciences in order to study the combustion of different sorts of biomass and municipal solid waste. Despite its apparent simplicity, direct combustion is a complex process from a technological point of view. Conventional combustion equipment is not designed for burning agricultural residues. Devices for agricultural waste combustion are still in the development phase, which means that adequate design solution is presently not available at the world market. In order to construct a boiler and achieve optimal combustion conditions, it is necessary to develop a mathematical model for biomass combustion. Experimental facility can be used for the collection of data necessary for detailed modelling of real grate combustor of solid biomass fuels. Due to the complexity of the grate combustion process, its mathematical models and simulation software tools must be developed and verified using experimental data. This work highlights the properties required for the laboratory facility designed for the examination of biomass combustion and discusses design and operational issues.
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Samadhi, Tjokorde Walmiki, Winny Wulandari, Firra Ghassani Gumilar, and Kenita Firsa Ramadani. "Thermomechanical Characterization of Blended Biomass-Coal Ash Waste Materials." Key Engineering Materials 709 (September 2016): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.709.38.
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The combustion of biomass for energy generation is practiced in an increasing scale in Indonesia as the country heads towards the long-term national energy mix targeted by 2025. However, biomass combustion is prone to operational problems caused by the generally low-melting nature of biomass ashes. This work discusses the effects of co-combusting coal with POEFB (palm oil empty fruit bunch) and bamboo with respect to the thermomechanical behavior of the produced ashes. Coal is observed to increase the ash fusion temperatures (AFT) of neat and combined POEFB and bamboo ashes by as much as 300 °C. Aluminosilicate minerals in the coal combine with potassium in the biomass during co-combustion, producing high-melting K-aluminosilicates. A linear correlation is identified between measured AFT and ash liquidus temperatures estimated by FactSage thermochemistry calculation software, enabling the prediction of AFT of coal-biomass co-combustion systems.
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Barmina, I., R. Valdmanis, and M. Zaķe. "Control of the Development of Swirling Airflow Dynamics and Its Impact on Biomass Combustion Characteristics." Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Sciences 54, no. 3 (June 27, 2017): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lpts-2017-0018.
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AbstractThe development of the swirling flame flow field and gasification/ combustion dynamics at thermo-chemical conversion of biomass pellets has experimentally been studied using a pilot device, which combines a biomass gasifier and combustor by varying the inlet conditions of the fuel-air mixture into the combustor. Experimental modelling of the formation of the cold nonreacting swirling airflow field above the inlet nozzle of the combustor and the upstream flow formation below the inlet nozzle has been carried out to assess the influence of the inlet nozzle diameter, as well primary and secondary air supply rates on the upstream flow formation and air swirl intensity, which is highly responsible for the formation of fuel-air mixture entering the combustor and the development of combustion dynamics downstream of the combustor. The research results demonstrate that at equal primary axial and secondary swirling air supply into the device a decrease in the inlet nozzle diameter enhances the upstream air swirl formation by increasing swirl intensity below the inlet nozzle of the combustor. This leads to the enhanced mixing of the combustible volatiles with the air swirl below the inlet nozzle of the combustor providing a more complete combustion of volatiles and an increase in the heat output of the device.
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Krishnamoorthy, Gautham, and Caitlyn Wolf. "Assessing the Role of Particles in Radiative Heat Transfer during Oxy-Combustion of Coal and Biomass Blends." Journal of Combustion 2015 (2015): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/793683.
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This study assesses the required fidelities in modeling particle radiative properties and particle size distributions (PSDs) of combusting particles in Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) investigations of radiative heat transfer during oxy-combustion of coal and biomass blends. Simulations of air and oxy-combustion of coal/biomass blends in a 0.5 MW combustion test facility were carried out and compared against recent measurements of incident radiative fluxes. The prediction variations to the combusting particle radiative properties, particle swelling during devolatilization, scattering phase function, biomass devolatilization models, and the resolution (diameter intervals) employed in the fuel PSD were assessed. While the wall incident radiative flux predictions compared reasonably well with the experimental measurements, accounting for the variations in the fuel, char and ash radiative properties were deemed to be important as they strongly influenced the incident radiative fluxes and the temperature predictions in these strongly radiating flames. In addition, particle swelling and the diameter intervals also influenced the incident radiative fluxes primarily by impacting the particle extinction coefficients. This study highlights the necessity for careful selection of particle radiative property, and diameter interval parameters and the need for fuel fragmentation models to adequately predict the fly ash PSD in CFD simulations of coal/biomass combustion.
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Castro, Zamir Sánchez, Hugo Reinel García Bernal, and Oscar Andrés Mendieta Menjura. "Efecto del precalentamiento del aire primario y la humedad del bagazo de caña de azúcar durante la combustión en lecho fijo." Corpoica Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria 14, no. 1 (May 24, 2013): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.21930/rcta.vol14_num1_art:263.
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<p>Los hornos utilizados para la elaboración de panela presentan pérdidas energéticas debido a una combustión incompleta del bagazo de caña de azúcar y al calor sensible en los gases de chimenea. Durante el proceso de producción de panela, el bagazo de caña de azúcar se utiliza como combustible, con fracciones másicas de humedad entre 30% y 50%, las cuales afectan el rendimiento de la combustión de una biomasa en lecho fijo. Gracias a que el precalentamiento del aire disminuye el tiempo de secado, su implementación en muchos sistemas de combustión de biomasa ha incrementado la eficiencia del proceso. Por tanto, en la presente investigación se estudió la influencia del contenido de humedad y el precalentamiento del aire primario sobre la temperatura, la composición del gas y la tasa de combustión, mediante un diseño experimental factorial mixto 3x2. Los resultados demostraron que el aumento en la humedad del bagazo de caña reduce la tasa de combustión y la conversión de carbono a CO2, y por tanto, el rendimiento del proceso. Cuando se precalentó el aire primario hasta una temperatura de 120 ºC, la tasa de combustión aumentó, sin embargo sólo significó un incremento en el rendimiento de la combustión para una fracción másica de humedad de 30%.</p><p><strong>Effect of primary air preheating and moisture sugarcane bagasse during fixed bed combustion</strong></p><p>Furnaces used to making jaggery have energy losses due to incomplete combustion of sugarcane bagasse and sensible heat in the flue gases. During jaggery production process, sugarcane bagasse is used as fuel, with mass fractions of humidity between 30% and 50%, which affect the combustion efficiency of a biomass in a fixed bed. Because the air preheating decreases the drying time, its implementation in many biomass combustion systems increases process efficiency. Therefore, in this investigation we studied the influence of the moisture content and the preheating of the primary air on the combustion of bagasse in a fixed bed furnace, by analyzing the profiles of temperature and concentration of the combustion gas. Results showed that increasing in bagasse moisture reduces the rate of combustion and conversion of carbon to CO2, diminishing the yield of process. When the primary air is preheated to a temperature of 120 ºC, the combustion rate increased, however, only meant an increase in combustion efficiency to a mass fraction of 30% humidity.</p>
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Cha, S. C. "Reactivity of ashes from biomass combustion plant in biomass combusting atmospheres." Materials and Corrosion 58, no. 2 (February 2007): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.200603983.
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Topal, Huseyin, and Ehsan Amirabedin. "Determination of some important emissions of poultry waste co-combustion." Scientific Journal of Riga Technical University. Environmental and Climate Technologies 8, no. -1 (November 9, 2012): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10145-012-0002-1.
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Abstract Poultry Wastes (PW) are rich biomass types which can be utilized as renewable energy sources in energy conversion systems. The PW is a mixture of poultry litter and organic materials spread on the poultry houses ground. In this paper, combustion of the poultry waste alone and mixed with coal in a combustor set up are implemented, and emissions are monitored. Experimental results reveal that, co-combustion of PW in an existing combustor firing coal can be considered as the best environment-friendly remedy to dispose the facility wastes while reducing the combustion emissions of the system.
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Uejima, Mitsuhiro, and Tooru Inoue. "Combustion of Pulverized Biomass Using a Cyclone Combustor." Proceedings of the Thermal Engineering Conference 2016 (2016): E133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeted.2016.e133.
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UEJIMA, Mitsuhiro, and Tooru INOUE. "Combustion of Pulverized Biomass Using a Cyclone Combustor." Proceedings of Mechanical Engineering Congress, Japan 2019 (2019): J05316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecj.2019.j05316.
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Pulidori, Elena, José Gonzalez-Rivera, Chiara Pelosi, Carlo Ferrari, Luca Bernazzani, Emilia Bramanti, Maria Rosaria Tiné, and Celia Duce. "Thermochemical Evaluation of Different Waste Biomasses (Citrus Peels, Aromatic Herbs, and Poultry Feathers) towards Their Use for Energy Production." Thermo 3, no. 1 (January 10, 2023): 66–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/thermo3010004.
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The biomass waste obtained at the end-of-pipe of the extraction industry can be used as fuel for energy production, aiming at cost reduction/waste disposal issues. However, few systematic investigations into the calorific value of these residues are reported in the literature. In this work, the thermochemical properties of solid residues from different biomasses (residues from citrus peels, leaves, flowers, stems, and poultry feathers used for extraction) as potential biomass fuels have been investigated. The heat of combustion (ΔcH) of the solid residues from citrus (orange, tangerine, lemon, grapefruit, and pomelo), aromatic herbs (rosemary, lavender, thyme, Artemisia vulgaris L. and Ruta chalepensis L.), and poultry feathers biomasses was measured by direct calorimetry. The results were compared with the higher heating values (HHV) calculated using the elemental (CHNOS) and thermogravimetric (TGA) analyses data and with the enthalpy of combustion calculated using the biomass composition predicted by FTIR spectroscopy in tandem with chemometrics. The calculated values match with the corresponding experimental values of ΔcH. The heat of combustion highlights the energetic features of solid residues for their potential uses as alternative biomass for energy production. This information is essential to evaluate the employment of solid residues as fossil fuel substitutes.
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Ejesieme, Vitus O., Nicole Vorster, Juan Riaza, Gary Dugmore, and Ben Zeelie. "Reclamation of ultra-fine coal with scenedesmus microalgae and comprehensive combustion property of the Coalgae® composite." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 31, no. 1 (February 28, 2020): 14–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2020/v31i1a6430.
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Combustion of South African discard ultra-fine coal (i.e. coal dust), charcoal, microalgae biomass, and composites of the three under air were studied. The study involves to find out the effect of Scenedesmus microalgae biomass on the comprehensive combustion characteristics of the ultra-fines. Coal dust is considered as waste material, but it could be modified and combusted for energy. The composites were designed with Design Expert, and unlike blending with the dry microalgae biomass, fresh slurry was blended with the ultra-fine coal and charcoal. Non-isothermal combustion was carried out at heating rate of 15 C/min from 40 – 900 ºC and at flow rate of 20 ml/min, O2/CO2 air. Combustion properties of composites were deduced from TG-DTGA and analysed using multiple regression. On combustion, the interaction of coal-charcoal-microalgae was antagonistic (b = - 1069.49), while coal-microalgae (b = 39.17), and coal-charcoal (b = 80.37), was synergistic (p = 0.0061). The coal-microalgae (Coalgae®) indicated first order reaction mechanism unlike, coal, and the charcoal. Comprehensive combustion characteristics index of Coalgae®, (S-value = 4.52E8) was superior relative to ultra-fine (S-value = 3.16E8), which indicated high quality fuel. This approach to combusting ultra-fine coal with microalgae biomass is partly renewable, and it would advance the production of heat and electricity.
Key words: coal-dust, combustion, s-value, Coalgae®, renewable.
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Vincenti, Beatrice, Enrico Paris, Monica Carnevale, Adriano Palma, Ettore Guerriero, Domenico Borello, Valerio Paolini, and Francesco Gallucci. "Saccharides as Particulate Matter Tracers of Biomass Burning: A Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 7 (April 6, 2022): 4387. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074387.
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The adverse effects of atmospheric particulate matter (PM) on health and ecosystems, as well as on meteorology and climate change, are well known to the scientific community. It is therefore undeniable that a good understanding of the sources of PM is crucial for effective control of emissions and to protect public health. One of the major contributions to atmospheric PM is biomass burning, a practice used both in agriculture and home heating, which can be traced and identified by analyzing sugars emitted from the combustion of cellulose and hemicellulose that make up biomass. In this review comparing almost 200 selected articles, we highlight the most recent studies that broaden such category of tracers, covering research publications on residential wood combustions, open-fire or combustion chamber burnings and ambient PM in different regions of Asia, America and Europe. The purpose of the present work is to collect data in the literature that indicate a direct correspondence between biomass burning and saccharides emitted into the atmosphere with regard to distinguishing common sugars attributed to biomass burning from those that have co-causes of issue. In this paper, we provide a list of 24 compounds, including those most commonly recognized as biomass burning tracers (i.e., levoglucosan, mannosan and galactosan), from which it emerges that monosaccharide anhydrides, sugar alcohols and primary sugars have been widely reported as organic tracers for biomass combustion, although it has also been shown that emissions of these compounds depend not only on combustion characteristics and equipment but also on fuel type, combustion quality and weather conditions. Although it appears that it is currently not possible to define a single compound as a universal indicator of biomass combustion, this review provides a valuable tool for the collection of information in the literature and identifies analytes that can lead to the determination of patterns for the distribution between PM generated by biomass combustion.
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Lieuwen, Tim, George Richards, and Justin Weber. "Approaching Zero." Mechanical Engineering 132, no. 05 (May 1, 2010): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2010-may-1.
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This article explores different ways to keep carbon emissions to minimum. The pressure of meeting environmental and energy security concerns while also satisfying growing demand requires the current generation to increase, diversify, and optimize the use of energy sources. The alternative to pre-combustion capture approaches, which generally lead to high hydrogen combustion, is to capture the carbon after combustion. Combusting biomass is another approach to achieve low net carbon emissions. Recently, significant interest has emerged in algae as a biomass supply. Some species of algae grow at phenomenal rates, providing a new option for biomass supply. Continued development of advanced combustion methods, materials, and process controls might be expected to increase the potential to follow the load. However, the relative contributions of load following and energy storage are expected to depend on the specific combination of renewable power and fossil fuel backup. Major programs from the US Department of Energy, the European Union, China, India, and other countries are underway, in addition to internal programs at many of the largest energy and petrochemical companies in the world.
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Eidensten, L., J. Yan, and G. Svedberg. "Biomass Externally Fired Gas Turbine Cogeneration." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 118, no. 3 (July 1, 1996): 604–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2816691.
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This paper is a presentation of a systematic study on externally fired gas turbine cogeneration fueled by biomass. The gas turbine is coupled in series with a biomass combustion furnace in which the gas turbine exhaust is used to support combustion. Three cogeneration systems have been simulated. They are systems without a gas turbine, with a non-top-fired gas turbine, and a top-fired gas turbine. For all systems, three types of combustion equipment have been selected: circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler, grate fired steam boiler, and grate fired hot water boiler. The sizes of biomass furnaces have been chosen as 20 MW and 100 MW fuel inputs. The total efficiencies based on electricity plus process heat, electrical efficiencies, and the power-to-heat ratios for various alternatives have been calculated. For each of the cogeneration systems, part-load performance with varying biomass fuel input is presented. Systems with CFB boilers have a higher total efficiency and electrical efficiency than other systems when a top-fired gas turbine is added. However, the systems with grate fired steam boilers allow higher combustion temperature in the furnace than CFB boilers do. Therefore, a top combustor may not be needed when high temperature is already available. Only one low-grade fuel system is then needed and the gas turbine can operate with a very clean working medium.
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Vyas, D. K., N. Seth, and J. J. Chavda. "Performance of biomass combustor based drying system for ginger drying." Agricultural Engineering Today 45, no. 01 (March 31, 2021): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.52151/aet2021451.1530.
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A biomass combustor based dryer was evaluated with different biomass for drying of ginger. Biomass combustor based dryer consists of fuel hopper, combustion chamber, heat exchanger, grate for proper combustion of the combustible gas, chimney, ambient air inlet, hot air outlet and drying chamber. The system was evaluated at five fuel consumption rate (1 to 5 kg.h–1) and five air flow rate (100, 150, 200, 300 and 400 m3.h–1) using maize cobs, sized wood and saw dust briquettes for ginger drying. The experimental performances show that the hot air temperature inside the dryer vary between 36 to 81ºC for maize cobs, 53 to 85ºC for sized wood and 49 to 87ºC for biomass briquettes at tested air flow rate and fuel consumption rate in the system. The maximum efficiency of the system was found at the fuel consumption rate of 1 kg.h–1 and 400 m3.h–1 air flow rate using maize cobs, sized wood and saw dust briquettes as fuel respectively. The cost of operation of ginger drying at 1 kg.h–1 fuel consumption rate and 400 m3/h air flow rate was Rs. 32.76, 34.26, 34.76 and 55 per hour using maize cobs, sized wood, saw dust briquettes and mechanical drying system, respectively. Hence, the drying of ginger in biomass combustor based dryer using maize cobs at 1 kg.h–1 fuel consumption rate and 400 m3/h air flow rate resulted in better performance.
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Sharma, Vishal, and Rajeev Kamal Sharma. "Fluidized Bed Combustion: Technology for Efficient Utilization of Biomass Residues." Asian Journal of Engineering and Applied Technology 7, no. 2 (October 5, 2018): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajeat-2018.7.2.951.
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Fossil fuels are the most common and reliable energy source, which presently fulfill 80% energy requirements all across the world. In the last few decades, over-consumption, fast pace modernization and population growth are some prominent factors which are exploiting the fossil fuels. The degradation of natural resources has gone up at an alarming rate which provoked to look for an alternate source of energy. From all available alternative renewable energy sources, biomass is the only carbon-based sustainable option. But, its diversity makes it a complex and difficult fuel. Among all technologies used for energy generation from the biomass, fluidized bed combustion is emerging as a suitable best option to handle fuel diversity. This article deals with biomass fluidization and its combustion in a fluidized bed. The difficulties encountered during biomass combustion and different solutions for the same have been highlighted. Problems like deposition, corrosion, agglomeration and trace metal emission have been discussed and their remedies to avoid the discontinuity in the operation of biomass-fired fluidized bed combustor. This technical approach will help to reduce environmental problems, improve the economic structure of the nation, and remove obstacles for sustainable energy development.
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Rangel Spadim, Emanuel, Humberto de Jesus Eufrade Júnior, Natália Laís Felisardo Vieira Arruda, Elaine Cristina Leonello, and Saulo Philipe Sebastião Guerra. "DETERMINAÇÃO DO ÍNDICE DE COMBUSTÃO E DA TAXA DE QUEIMA DE BRIQUETES DE RESÍDUOS LIGNOCELULÓSICOS POR MEIO DE UM APLICATIVO DE COMPUTADOR COM COLETA DE DADOS AUTOMATIZADA." ENERGIA NA AGRICULTURA 35, no. 4 (May 21, 2021): 531–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17224/energagric.2020v35n4p531-548.
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DETERMINAÇÃO DO ÍNDICE DE COMBUSTÃO E DA TAXA DE QUEIMA DE BRIQUETES DE RESÍDUOS LIGNOCELULÓSICOS POR MEIO DE UM APLICATIVO DE COMPUTADOR COM COLETA DE DADOS AUTOMATIZADA EMANUEL RANGEL SPADIM1, HUMBERTO DE JESUS EUFRADE-JUNIOR1, NATALIA LAÍS FELISARDO VIEIRA ARRUDA2, SAULO PHILIPE SEBASTIÃO GUERRA1, ELAINE CRISTINA LEONELLO1 1 Departamento de Engenharia Rural e Socioeconomia, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista –Unesp, Av. Universitária, 3780, Altos do Paraíso, Cep: 18610‑034, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brasil. E-mail: emanuel.spadim@unesp.br, hdjejunior@gmail.com, leonelloelaine@hotmail.com, saulo.guerra@unesp.br 2 Faculdade de Tecnologia de Botucatu – Fatec Av. José Ítalo Bacchi, s/n - Jardim Aeroporto, Cep:18606‑851, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brasil. E-mail: nfvarruda@gmail.com RESUMO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o comportamento da queima e aprimorar a determinação do índice de combustão de briquetes de biomassa – ICOM, proposto por Quirino e Brito (1991), por meio de um aplicativo de computador com a coleta automatizada dos dados. Foram usados briquetes de toco de eucalipto, casca de algodão, madeira de pinus e bagaço de cana-de-açúcar, que foram especialmente confeccionados para a determinação do novo índice de combustão denominado ICOMa. O ICOMa foi estatisticamente mais sensível que o ICOM na observação da relação entre consumo de massa e geração de calor de materiais com diferentes curvas de temperatura, diferentemente do ICOM. O maior ICOMa foi de 0,97 K h g-1 e o menor de 0,75 K h g-1, enquanto os ICOM (adimensionais) foram de 0,55 e 0,43, respectivamente. A correlação de Pearson entre ICOMa e o tempo para atingir a temperatura máxima foi a maior entre as variáveis avaliadas. Palavras-chave: Aquisição de dados. Biomassa. Poder calorífico. Taxa de queima. DETERMINATION OF THE COMBUSTION INDEX AND BURNING RATE OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC WASTE BRIQUETTES THROUGH A COMPUTER APPLICATION WITH AUTOMATED DATA COLLECTION ABSTRACT: This work evaluated the behavior of the briquettes during burning and to improve the determination of the combustion index of biomass briquettes - ICOM, proposed by Quirino and Brito (1991), through a computer application with automated collection of data. The briquettes used in the tests were cotton bark, eucalyptus stump, sugarcane bagasse and pine wood and were produced specifically for the determination of the new combustion index called ICOMa. ICOMa was more sensitive than ICOM in observing the relationship between mass consumption and heat generation, and allowed to observe statistically significant differences between materials with different temperature curves, different from ICOM. The highest ICOMa was 0.97 K h g-1 and the lowest 0.75 K h g-1, while the ICOM (dimensionless) were 0.55 and 0.43, respectively. The highest Pearson correlation observed for ICOMa occurred with time to reach the maximum temperature. Keywords: data acquisition, biomass, higher heating value, burning rate.
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Álvarez-López, Germán, Alejandra María Múnera, and Juan G. Villegas. "Multicriteria Decision-Making Tools for the Selection of Biomasses as Supplementary Cementitious Materials." Sustainability 15, no. 13 (June 25, 2023): 10031. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151310031.
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Using biomass ash to partially replace cement reduces the cement industry’s environmental impact and prevents these agro-industrial wastes from ending up in landfills, eroding soils, or being openly burned. This research aims to select three biomasses to produce supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) through the analytic hierarchy process, considering expert judgments from different domains. Complementary to up-to-date research, we evaluated biomasses taking into account biomass production, ash obtained from combustion, and logistics processes for supplying concrete plants with SCM. We also dealt with an industrial context instead of a laboratory one and validated our approach on a real case study using Colombian data. The results indicate experts count the technical viability of biomass (concrete properties) as the most crucial criteria, followed by the availability and transport characteristics of the waste (production criteria) and the combustion process as the least important criteria. In the baseline scenario (all experts’ judgments having the same weights), we found that cane bagasse is the best alternative, thanks to its large and highly concentrated production, even if it is not the biomass with the best pozzolanic properties. We also analyzed other scenarios in which we changed the weights of the experts’ judgments and the importance of the criteria. We found that cane bagasse, rice husk, and palm rachis remain the three biomasses selected as SCM, showing the robustness of the proposed multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) methodology. The results provide a methodological reference to appraise biomasses for SCM nationally, using a MCDM framework in a group decision-making context.
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Kosowska-Golachowska, Monika, Adam Luckos, and Tomasz Czakiert. "Composition of Flue Gases during Oxy-Combustion of Energy Crops in a Circulating Fluidized Bed." Energies 15, no. 19 (September 20, 2022): 6889. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15196889.
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In recent years, global warming and climate change associated with emissions of CO2 from fossil fuel-fired power systems are a big worry for authorities in many countries worldwide. The utilization of biomass as an alternative, carbon-neutral fuel can reduce emissions of CO2 and other greenhouse gases. Furthermore, the coupling of oxy-combustion of biomass with CO2 capture is an option for carbon-negative power generation technology. In this study, emissions of NOx, SO2, and CO from the air- and oxy-combustion of three energy crops (Miscanthus giganteus, Sida hermaphrodita, and Salix viminalis) are presented and compared with emissions from other biomass fuels and reference coal. Combustion tests in air and O2/CO2 mixtures were conducted in a 12-kW bench-scale CFB combustor at 850 °C. Measurements of flue gas compositions were taken using an FTIR spectrometer. In all tested atmospheres, emissions of SO2, N2O, and CO for biomass were lower than those for the reference coal. The oxidation of volatile nitrogen compounds was behind high emissions of NOx from biomass burned in air and O2/CO2 mixtures. The lowest concentrations of NO were found in the 21% O2/70% CO2 mixture. Combustion in mixtures containing more oxygen (30% and 40% O2) led to a decrease in emissions of N2O and CO and an increase in emissions of NO and SO2.
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Dondi, Daniele, Cristina D. López Robles, Anna Magrini, and Marco Cartesegna. "Potential Water Recovery from Biomass Boilers: Parametric Analysis." Computation 9, no. 5 (April 27, 2021): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/computation9050053.
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A fundamental component of the losses of convection boilers is localized in the warm fumes that are expelled. In the warm fumes, not only energy is lost, but water is also formed from the combustion reaction in the form of steam which is expelled through the exhaust. Modern fuel boilers recover both the heat from the fumes and the latent heat of condensation from water vapor. Depending on the chemical composition of the fuel, different amounts of steam are produced together with heat and different combustion conditions, such as air in excess. In this article, a computational tool was established to simulate a combustion system mainly (but not only) focusing on the prediction of the amount of water produced. In fact, while steam in fossil fuel boilers is commonly condensed, this is not so when the fuel is a biomass. Furthermore, biomasses could contain moisture in different amounts, thus affecting the production of water and the heat of combustion. The study shows that a ten-fold amount of water is formed from biomass combustion with respect to fossil fuels (when the same energy output is produced). As a result, the recovery of water is amenable in biomasses, both from the energetic point of view and for liquid water production. In fact, the water recovered from the fumes might be also reused in other processes such as the cleaning of fumes or agriculture (after treatment).
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Luo, Xiao-San, Weijie Huang, Guofeng Shen, Yuting Pang, Mingwei Tang, Weijun Li, Zhen Zhao, et al. "Source differences in the components and cytotoxicity of PM2.5 from automobile exhaust, coal combustion, and biomass burning contributing to urban aerosol toxicity." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 24, no. 2 (January 30, 2024): 1345–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1345-2024.
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Abstract. Although air quality guidelines generally use the atmospheric concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) as a metric for air pollution evaluation and management, the fact cannot be ignored that different particle toxicities are unequal and significantly related to their sources and chemical compositions. Therefore, judging the most harmful source and identifying the toxic component would be helpful for optimizing air quality standards and prioritizing targeted PM2.5 control strategies to protect public health more effectively. Since the combustions of fuels, including oil, coal, and biomass, are the main anthropogenic sources of environmental PM2.5, their discrepant contributions to health risks of mixed ambient aerosol pollution dominated by the respective emission intensity and unequal toxicity of chemical components need to be identified. In order to quantify the differences between these combustion primary emissions, 10 types of PM2.5 from each typical source group, i.e., vehicle exhaust, coal combustion, and plant biomass (domestic biofuel) burning, were collected for comparative study with toxicological mechanisms. In total, 30 types of individual combustion samples were intercompared with representative urban ambient air PM2.5 samples, whose chemical characteristics and biological effects were investigated by component analysis (carbon, metals, soluble ions) and in vitro toxicity assays (cell viability, oxidative stress, inflammatory response) of human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cells (A549). Carbonaceous fractions were plenteous in automobile exhaust and biomass burning, while heavy metals were more plentiful in PM2.5 from coal combustion and automobile exhaust. The overall ranking of mass-normalized cytotoxicity for source-specific PM2.5 was automobile exhaust > coal combustion > domestic plant biomass burning > ambient urban air, possibly with differential toxicity triggers, and showed that the carbonaceous fractions (organic carbon, OC; elemental carbon, EC) and redox-active transition metals (V, Ni, Cr) assisted by water-soluble ions (Ca2+, Mg2+, F−, Cl−) might play important roles in inducing cellular reactive organic species (ROS) production, causing oxidative stress and inflammation, resulting in cell injury and apoptosis, and thus damaging human health. Coupled with the source apportionment results of typical urban ambient air PM2.5 in eastern China, reducing toxic PM2.5 from these anthropogenic combustions will be greatly beneficial to public health. In addition to the air pollution control measures that have been implemented, like strengthening the vehicle emission standards, switching energy from coal to gas and electricity, and controlling the open incineration of agricultural straws, further methods could be considered, especially by preferentially reducing the diesel exhaust, lessening the coal combustion by replacement with low-ash clean coals, and depressing the rural crop straw biomass burning emissions.
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Barmina, I., A. Līckrastiņa, J. Valdmanis, R. Valdmanis, M. Zaķe, A. Arshanitsa, G. Telysheva, and V. Solodovnik. "Effect of Microwave Pre-Processing of Pelletized Biomass on its Gasification and Combustion / Mikroviļnu Priekšapstrādes Ietekme Uz Granulētas Biomasas Gazifikācijas Un Degšanas Procesiem." Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Sciences 50, no. 4 (August 1, 2013): 34–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/lpts-2013-0024.
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Abstract To effectively produce clean heat energy from biomass, microwave (mw) pre-processing of its different types - pelletized wood (spruce), herbaceous biomass (reed canary grass) and their mixture (50:50) - was carried out at the 2.45 GHz frequency with different durations of biomass exposure to high-frequency oscillations. To estimate the mw pre-processing effect on the structure, composition and fuel characteristics of biomass, its thermogravimetric (TG), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) measurements and elemental analysis were made. The pre-processing is shown to enhance the release of moisture and low-calorific volatiles and the partial destruction of biomass constituents (hemicelluloses, cellulose), promoting variations in the elemental composition and heating values of biomass. The field-enhanced variations of biomass characteristics and their influence on its gasification and combustion were studied using an integrated system of a biomass gasifier and a combustor with swirl-enhanced stabilization of the flame reaction zone. The results show that the mw pre-processing of biomass pellets provides a faster weight loss at the gasification, and, therefore, faster ignition and combustion of the activated pellets along with increased output of heat energy at their burnout
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Boukaous, Nourelhouda, Lokmane Abdelouahed, Mustapha Chikhi, Abdeslam-Hassen Meniai, Chetna Mohabeer, and Taouk Bechara. "Combustion of Flax Shives, Beech Wood, Pure Woody Pseudo-Components and Their Chars: A Thermal and Kinetic Study." Energies 11, no. 8 (August 17, 2018): 2146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11082146.
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Thermogravimetric analysis was employed to investigate the combustion characteristics of flax shives, beech wood, hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin, and their chars. The chars were prepared from raw materials in a fixed-bed reactor at 850 °C. In this study, the thermal behavior based on characteristic temperatures (ignition, maximum, and final temperatures), burnout time and maximum rate was investigated. The kinetic parameters for the combustion of different materials were determined based on the Coats-Redfern approach. The results of our study revealed that the combustion of pure pseudo-components behaved differently from that of biomass. Indeed, principal component analysis showed that the thermal behavior of both biomasses was generally similar to that of pure hemicellulose. However, pure cellulose and lignin showed different behaviors compared to flax shives, beech wood, and hemicellulose. Hemicellulose and cellulose chars had almost the same behaviors, while being different from biomass and lignin chars. Despite the difference between flax shives and beech wood, they showed almost the same thermal characteristics and apparent activation energies. Also, the combustion of the hemicellulose and cellulose chars showed that they have almost the same structure. Their overall thermal and kinetic behavior remained between that of biomass and lignin.
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Laphirattanakul, Ponepen, Jarruwat Charoensuk, Chinnapat Turakarn, Chatchalerm Kaewchompoo, and Niwat Suksam. "Development of pulverized biomass combustor with a pre-combustion chamber." Energy 208 (October 2020): 118333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2020.118333.
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SANO, Hiroshi. "Biomass Combustion." Journal of High Temperature Society 33, no. 1 (2007): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.7791/jhts.33.3.
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Jia, Xiangru, Yaqian Ding, Yabin Zhao, Xinguang Huo, Shaoqing Liu, and Feng Yun. "Investigation of the pollutant emission characteristics of blends of biomass and coal gangue in a fluidized bed." Thermal Science, no. 00 (2022): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci211030042j.
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The composite fuel of coal gangue and biomass is expected to increase the utilization rate of solid waste and compensate for the disadvantages of separate fuels. However, the NO and SO2 emissions from this composite fuel during the combustion process are a concern, but there are few studies on it. In this paper, corn cobs and wheat straws, typical agricultural biomass discarded in North China, and coal gangue from the mine in Xilingol, China, were selected for co-combustion in a fluidized bed. By changing the ratio of biomass to coal gangue and the combustion temperature, to study emission characteristics of NO and SO2. Studies had shown that: to a certain extent, mixing biomass and coal gangue can reduce the NO and SO2 emissions, and mixing 20% of biomasses had the best effect on NO and SO2 emissions reduction. The SO2 emission reduction effect of wheat straws was better than that of corn cobs, and the NO emission reduction effect of corn cobs was better than that of wheat straws. NO emissions of wheat straws and corn cobs added to the coal gangue were 6.45% and 7.93% less than those of coal gangue alone. SO2 emissions of wheat straws and corn cobs added to the coal gangue were 27.45% and 25.94% less than those of coal gangue alone. Both NO and SO2 emissions decreased with the growth of the biomass rate; NO and SO2 emissions increased with the growth of the combustion temperature.
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Paris, Enrico, Monica Carnevale, Adriano Palma, Beatrice Vincenti, Mariangela Salerno, Andrea Rosario Proto, Salvatore Papandrea, et al. "Biomass Combustion in Boiler: Environmental Monitoring of Sugar Markers and Pollutants." Atmosphere 15, no. 4 (March 29, 2024): 427. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos15040427.
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The need to use renewable sources and matrices with energy potential is widely recognized. The development of innovative technologies aimed at the improvement of energy conversion processes and reducing environmental impacts is currently receiving increasing attention from the scientific community and policymakers. The presence of sugars in airborne particle materials is attributed to biomass combustion. For this reason, these compounds are considered markers of biomass burning. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the emissions produced by agroforestry biomass burning (citrus pruning) by simultaneously sampling both stack emissions and atmospheric particulates in the area around a biomass boiler to understand the real contribution of biomass burning to atmospheric pollution. The combustion tests were carried out by comparing the processes with and without particulate abatement system to see how biomass combustion’s contribution to particulate emission can be controlled and reduced. During the tests, the focus was on particulate matter (PM) speciation in terms of sugar marker identification and determination. This study aims to increase knowledge to better understand the contribution of biomass plants to air pollution and differentiate it from the contributions of other sources, such as vehicular traffic or domestic heating.
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IDETA, Yoshihiro, Yohei HADA, Akito MUROI, and Atsuya DEGUCHI. "D204 CO-COMBUSTION OF BIOMASS IN A COAL-FIRED POWER PLANT UNIT(Biomass-5)." Proceedings of the International Conference on Power Engineering (ICOPE) 2009.2 (2009): _2–295_—_2–298_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicope.2009.2._2-295_.
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Malaťák, J., and L. Passian. "Heat-emission analysis of small combustion equipments for biomass." Research in Agricultural Engineering 57, No. 2 (June 27, 2011): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/28/2010-rae.
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The article addresses the urgent questions regarding the use of biomass as a fuel for combustion equipment of the heat output up to 25 kW. The article is based on the determined elemental analyses of six samples of fuel taken both from the wood mass and herbaceous biomass. These samples underwent the stoichiometric analysis of fuels. After the stoichiometric analysis the heat-emission characteristics were determined on two combustion equipments. The results of carried out elemental and stoichiometric analyses indicate higher values of nitrogen, sulphur and chlorine concentration in herbaceous biomass from agriculture compared to the analyzed wood mass. The selection of combustion equipment is particularly influenced by increased contents of sulphur and chlorine (corrosive behaviour). The net calorific value of the analyzed samples taken from the wood mass is higher than of samples taken from the herbaceous biomass. The net calorific value of fuels from herbaceous biomass is reduced due to a higher content of ashes in the fuel. The results of thermal-emission analyses show higher values of nitrogen oxides, sulphur and chlorine concentrations in the herbaceous biomass compared to the analyzed wood mass. The emission concentrations of carbon monoxide for wood fuels and herbaceous biomass also depend on the type of combustion equipment and setting of combustion air volume. The increased emissions of hydrogen chloride generated by various combustion equipments are primarily caused by the volume of combustion air and the amount of chlorine in the fuel itself. The higher the volume of combustion air brought into the combustion chamber is, the higher the emissions of hydrogen chloride are. Based on the analyses we can also draw a conclusion that the spaces of combustion equipment during combustion should be most burdened with the herbaceous biomass.
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Smajević, Izet, and Kemal Hanjalić. "Aerovalved Pulse Combustor for Enhancing Efficiency and Sustainability of Fossil Energy Conversion." B&H Electrical Engineering 17, s1 (December 1, 2023): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bhee-2023-0018.
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Abstract The paper actualizes earlier research in developing a pulse combustion technique for enhancing the efficacy of utility and industrial boilers and furnaces. Some unpublished results of the experimental investigation of self-sustained pulsating combustion of a gas fuel in an aerovalved pulse combustor (PC) are presented. Relationships have been established between all important design and operating parameters and the combustion characteristics. It was demonstrated that a well-designed pulse combustor can operate efficiently in a stable self-pumping regime in a wide range of operating conditions with the loading from 20% to 100% of the maximum power. While a PC can operate autonomously as a gas burner, the present focus is on their use for mitigating slug and ash deposits on heating surfaces of coal- or biomass fired power and industrial boilers, thus providing an alternative to the proven detonation pulse (DPC) or other techniques for on-line cleaning of heating surfaces during the operation of power and industrial boilers.
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Ordou, Niloofar, and Igor E. Agranovski. "Contribution of Fine Particles to Air Emission at Different Phases of Biomass Burning." Atmosphere 10, no. 5 (May 16, 2019): 278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10050278.
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Particle size distribution in biomass smoke was observed for different burning phases, including flaming and smouldering, during the combustion of nine common Australian vegetation representatives. Smoke particles generated during the smouldering phase of combustions were found to be coarser as compared to flaming aerosols for all hard species. In contrast, for leafy species, this trend was inversed. In addition, the combustion process was investigated over the entire duration of burning by acquiring data with one second time resolution for all nine species. Particles were separately characterised in two categories: fine particles with dominating diffusion properties measurable with diffusion-based instruments (Dp < 200 nm), and coarse particles with dominating inertia (Dp > 200 nm). It was found that fine particles contribute to more than 90 percent of the total fresh smoke particles for all investigated species.
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Variny, Miroslav, Augustín Varga, Miroslav Rimár, Ján Janošovský, Ján Kizek, Ladislav Lukáč, Gustáv Jablonský, and Otto Mierka. "Advances in Biomass Co-Combustion with Fossil Fuels in the European Context: A Review." Processes 9, no. 1 (January 5, 2021): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9010100.
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Co-combustion of biomass-based fuels and fossil fuels in power plant boilers, utility boilers, and process furnaces is a widely acknowledged means of efficient heat and power production, offering higher power production than comparable systems with sole biomass combustion. This, in combination with CO2 and other greenhouse gases abatement and low specific cost of system retrofit to co-combustion, counts among the tangible advantages of co-combustion application. Technical and operational issues regarding the accelerated fouling, slagging, and corrosion risk, as well as optimal combustion air distribution impact on produced greenhouse gases emissions and ash properties, belong to intensely researched topics nowadays in parallel with the combustion aggregates design optimization, the advanced feed pretreatment techniques, and the co-combustion life cycle assessment. This review addresses the said topics in a systematic manner, starting with feed availability, its pretreatment, fuel properties and combustor types, followed by operational issues, greenhouse gases, and other harmful emissions trends, as well as ash properties and utilization. The body of relevant literature sources is table-wise classified according to numerous criteria pertaining to individual paper sections, providing a concise and complex insight into the research methods, analyzed systems, and obtained results. Recent advances achieved in individual studies and the discovered synergies between co-combusted fuels types and their shares in blended fuel are summed up and discussed. Actual research challenges and prospects are briefly touched on as well.
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Kažimírová, V., T. Brestovič, and R. Opáth. "Selected properties of agricultural biomass." Research in Agricultural Engineering 59, Special Issue (December 13, 2013): S60—S64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/58/2012-rae.
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The presented contribution deals with the quantification of moisture, combustible matter content, ash content and higher heating value of the selected types of biomass used for the heat production by direct combustion. The moisture, combustible matter, and ash contents were determined by gravimetric analysis in accordance with the established standards. The average moisture of the materials examined varied from 4.35 to 9.17%; the combustible matter content in the original samples ranged from 79.46 to 93.51%; the ash content ranged from 2.14 to 11.28%. Higher heating values of the examined types of biomass varied from 14,996 to 17,641 kJ/kg. The main contribution of the thesis is the acquisition of values usable in subsequent theoretical and practical efforts to increase the efficiency of the heat production by direct combustion of biomass. The results are useable in biomass boiler design and in identifying suitable conditions for combustion, including the service parameters of biomass boilers.
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Cai, Ping, Li Jun Zhao, Kun Wang, and Song Tao Kong. "Experiment Study on Mixed Combustion of Biomass and Coal." Advanced Materials Research 978 (June 2014): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.978.3.
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Mixed combustion of biomass and coal is a new combustion way of comprehensive utilization biomass and coal energy resources. Biomass is more volatile, lower combustion temperature, combustion is mainly concentrated in front, low calorific value and the use of value is limited. Coal is less volatile, high combustion temperature, combustion exothermic are mainly concentrated in coke combustion, and exothermic is high. Studying on the combustion process and the combustion characteristics of mixed combustion of biomass and coal is development technologies based of mixed combustion of biomass and coal. Choose two biomass sample Sawdust, confetti and a coal, analyze combustion characteristics to mixing sample of different ratio, to obtain combustion process of mixed sample, combustion performance impact of biomass to coal and calorific influence of coal to biomass.
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Jan, Malaťák, and Bradna Jiří. "Heating and emission properties of waste biomass in burner furnace." Research in Agricultural Engineering 63, No. 1 (March 28, 2017): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/75/2015-rae.
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Utilization of waste suitable as a fuel for small combustion devices is a very important issue. Therefore, this article analyzes selected waste materials from agriculture and maintenance of municipal vegetation. The pellet samples from composting had very high ash content (22.39 and 36.85% wt.), which resulted in low values of net calorific value (12.66 and 10.24 MJ/kg), <br /> but also in bad properties of these samples in high concentration of harmful emission. Other problematic fuel samples were pellets from maintenance of city vegetation and reed canary grass, for which high concentration of carbon monoxide was measured during combustion process. The device used for these experiments is based on burner furnace. Combustion conditions could be improved by more uniform fuel supply to the burner and better control of combustion air. Boiler with advanced combustion control can reach better results during combustion process. Results in this article are valid for tested materials combusted in simple pellet burner with limited ability to control combustion process.
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Repic, Branislav, Milica Mladenovic, and Ana Marinkovic. "Investigation of ash deposit formation on heat transfer surfaces of boilers using coals and biomass." Thermal Science 23, Suppl. 5 (2019): 1575–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci180413285r.
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Combustion of coals and biomass in boiler furnaces leads to formation of fireside deposits on irradiated and convective surfaces. This problem is not a new one, but it became one of the main operational problems in boilers using low rank coal and some sort of biomass. In the paper presented are the results of research of ash deposit processes in laboratory conditions. An experimental furnace was used for these purposes. The experiments were performed on a tubular experimental furnace which ensures appropriate temperature and mass transfer conditions for physical and chemical transformations of the mineral matter of fuel as in real conditions. The main working parameters can be varied in wide ranges. The influence of grinding fineness, excess air and wall surface temperature was analysed. Also, an ash related problems during coal and biomass combustion was considered. Key empirical correlations for slagging and fouling were tested. Two types of Serbian coals (Kolubara and Kosovo) and several biomasses were analysed. It was shown that many sorts of biomass and Kosovo coal have a great propensity to slagging and fouling.
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Lo, Kuo-Chao, Keng-Tung Wu, Chien-Song Chyang, and Kuan-Chang Su. "Modeling the Woody Biomass Combustion in a Vortexing Fluidized-Bed Combustor." Energy & Fuels 24, no. 2 (February 18, 2010): 1316–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef9010077.
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