Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Biomasse forestière – Québec (Province)'
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Morency, Pierre-Olivier. "Le potentiel de valorisation de la biomasse forestière à des fins énergétiques au Québec : état de la situation." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28086/28086.pdf.
Full textSarvaramini, Amin. "New routes to enhance the efficiency of biomass torrefaction and gasification processes (Potentials for valorization of lignocellulosic biomass and mining residues)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30571/30571.pdf.
Full textThe aim of the proposed research was to provide a better understanding of the mechanisms of biomass torrefaction and to propose practical methods to improve the efficiency of this process. As for the mechanism, torrefaction of two woody biomass samples from Quebec forests (aspen and birch) and their main constituents, i.e., lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose is studied in details using different experimental techniques and a kinetic model is developed for their torrefaction. Our studies on the mechanism and kinetics of biomass torrefaction also revealed the slow rate of biomass torrefaction which motivated us to propose and develop a new ionic-liquid assisted torrefaction process with the aim of increasing the rate of biomass torrefaction. Although torrefaction improves the physicochemical properties of biomass fuel, release of oxygenated hydrocarbons (in the form of volatiles) from biomass reduces its overall energy. To recover volatiles energy, a new combination of biomass torrefaction and chemical looping volatiles combustion was studied. In this regard, the already comminuted, abundant and cheap iron and magnesium bearing silicate minerals found widely in the form of mining residues in the province of Quebec were tested as solid oxygen carrier and up to 96% of volatiles conversion at 700°C was achieved in CLC reactor. As a supplementary work, we were also interested to explore the potential of mining residues containing sizeable quantities of iron for catalytic cracking of tar released during the gasification of biomass. For this purpose, iron-bearing mining residues and minerals obtained from the mining activities in Quebec were evaluated comparatively to olivine (known as an active mineral for tar cracking) for benzene cracking in simulated syngas. It was found that chrysotile showed up to four-fold increase in benzene and methane conversion than olivine.
Boudreau, Jonathan. "Biomasse forestière aérienne régionale au Québec à partir d'un lidar aérien et spatial." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26326/26326.pdf.
Full textA method to estimate aboveground dry biomass of Quebec’s forest ecosystems was developed using data from a spaceborn lidar. The study area covers the portion of the province south of the treeline, an area of 1.3 M Km2. Biomass was first estimated for ground inventory plots using allometric equations. A small footprint laser profiler then flew over these inventory plots to develop a generic airborne lidar-based biomass equation (R2 = 0.65, n=207). As well, the Landsat ETM+ land cover map and the vegetation zone maps were used to develop stratified equations (R2 ranging between 0.51 and 0.79). The same airborne lidar system flew along four portions of orbits of the ICESat Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS). An equation was developed to predict airborne profiling lidar estimates of aboveground dry biomass from GLAS data and from the SRTM digital elevation model (R2 = 0.59, n=1325). These results allowed us to use the 104,044 GLAS pulses available over the study area to estimate the total aboveground dry biomass for the main vegetation areas of Quebec as well as for the entire study area. Biomass for the entire study area averaged 39.0 2.2 (standard error) Mg ha-1 and totalled 4.9 0.3 Pg with 36% of this biomass located in non-commercial forests and 51% located in the boreal forest (both commercial and non-commercial).
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St-Jean, Émilie. "Dynamique de succession forestière dans les forêts feuillues nordiques après coupes partielles réalisées dans un contexte industriel." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/68420.
Full textGaret, Jérome. "Influence des caractéristiques de la sénescence sur la possibilité forestière." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25643/25643.pdf.
Full textAlvarez, Eric. "Influence d'un siècle de récolte forestière sur la forêt mélangée tempérée de la Mauricie." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26252/26252.pdf.
Full textTo ensure sustainable development in a temperate mixedwood boreal forest in central Quebec (Canada), forest managers would like to measure the historical impact of harvesting on forest cover evolution at the landscape level. The main objective of this study was to document, at the landscape level, the historical effects of harvesting on forest cover evolution and wood volume. The study was mainly based on archival records, particularly AbitibiBowater inc 's archives. The objective of the first chapter of this study was to characterize the pre-industrial forest. The main natural disturbances were big fires in 1870 and 1923 and three spruce budworm epidemics in the 20th century. Whatever the scale considered in this study, the pre-industrial forest cover was mainly composed of mature or old-growth (> 100 years) and dominated by mixedwood forest stands with intolerant hardwoods. The main forest species were white birch, black spruce and jack pine, three species associated to forest succession after fire in the boreal forest. Chapter 2 had as objectives to make an historical reconstruction of forest cover evolution in 14 landscapes and to qualify the possible effects of harvesting. For the latter, we used three analytical methods in a triangulation approach. The main alteration of forest harveting on forest cover was qualified as additive to the natural dynamic, particularly considering the increase of intolerant hardwoods. The objective of chapter 3 was to make an historical reconstruction of wood harvesting in a past forest concession (Vermillon). We monitored indicators of forest sustainability in order to discuss the impacts of forest concession revocation in 1986. In the context of our study we noted an increase of wood harvesting after the revocation. Although we were unable to conclude that the new policy was a threat to wood production sustainability, on a sustainable yield basis, our security margin has surely diminished since the introduction of the policy of 1986. “To keep in mind the actions we have done and their results” should be a leitmotiv in our forest management. At least, we should record the data collected during regular operations.
Robert, François-Simon. "Propriétés des sols et de la biomasse aérienne sur une terre en friche récoltée avec un biobaler." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30751/30751.pdf.
Full textEnglish Title : Soil and native woody crop properties on an abandoned agricultural field harvested with a Biobaler. Natural woody crops overtake abandoned agricultural land. To bring back these areas into useful production, traditional methods include prescribed burning or on-site mulching. A recent technology, the Biobaler cuts and forms round bales of woody crops which can be moved for useful application. An agricultural field in Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures (Quebec, Canada), abandoned for 20 years, was monitored for crop identification and soil properties. Allometric models were developed for 11 native woody crops (average R² of 0.93). Soil pH averaged 5.0, total N, 0.32% and organic carbon, 4.0%. Sixty two bales were harvested, averaging 413 kg at 44% moisture. The harvested biomass, between 3.3 and 9.6 t of dry matter per hectare, represented 18 to 43% of above-ground biomass. Data will be useful in assessing Biobaler operation on fallow land.
Rapanoela, Rija Herman. "Influence de la variation spatio-temporelle de la fréquence des feux sur la productivité forestière actuelle et future." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27797.
Full textMaltais, Véronique. "Analyse sociopolitique des enjeux socio-économiques liés à la génomique forestière : Étude de cas du Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27348/27348.pdf.
Full textBélanger, Etienne. "La certification forestière et le renouvellement du régime forestier québécois : un sondage en méthode-Q." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20564.
Full textWe have used a Q-methodology survey – a subjectivity studying technique – to explore different perceptions of forest certification in Quebec. Three different viewpoints were discovered. We have also done an analysis of institutional changes within Quebec's forest sector. As a result, we expect Quebec's forest regime to undergo an important effort of decentralization in which forest certification will play an important role. First, we have individuals who primarily view certification as a tool of management and who may place greater importance on forest industries' certification leadership. People in this category may want the traditional role of private firms as developers and managers of the crown's forests to be secured. On the other hand, there are people who view certification as a tool for public relations and who may be opposed to preserving the traditional role of private firms. For this group of people, proof of improvement of certified forest practices would be a requirement. Finally, people who view certification as a tool of governance may approve of reform and thus, try to catalyze it. Such individuals will demand an enhancement of public involvement processes in the forest sector. This group of people will want forest management responsibilities and power to be more equitable.
Dura, Helin-Subhi. "Étude des partenariats économiques entre les communautés autochtones et l’industrie forestière au Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66576.
Full textPatenaude-Levasseur, Carl. "Étude comparative : les mécanismes publics de contrôle d'aménagement forestier et les audits de certification forestière au Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27210/27210.pdf.
Full textFortier, Jean-François. "Émergence et évolution de la collaboration dans la planification forestière du Nitaskinan (Québec, Canada) 1990-2013." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28008.
Full textThis thesis sheds new light on the growing role of First Nations in sustainable forest management. Through a qualitative and longitudinal approach, this thesis examines the evolution of collaboration between the indigenous Nehirowisiwok (Atikamekw Nation) and Quebec’ industrial and governmental actors in forest planning on Nitaskinan during the period 1990 to 2013. It aims to better understand the factors and conditions that influenced the evolution of collaborative forest governance. This thesis also aims to identify and characterize interrelations between the collaboration processes analyzed and others processes to determine how these relationships have influenced the development of collaborative efforts in time and space. During the study period, the Nehirowisiwok engaged in a myriad of approaches and initiatives related to forest planning. This study examines three distinct processes that took place at key stages during the period, analysing critical dimensions of each process. The results show that collaborative efforts were greatly influenced by a changing environment, particularly the revision of the forestry regime in the late 1990s, the Haïda and Taku River judgements in 2004 and the adoption of a new forestry regime in 2010. Importantly, although collaborative processes are distinct, the dimensions of these processes are intertwined. Changes in, or caused by, one process can have a “domino effect” on dimensions of the other collaborative processes. Finally, although most previous authors agree that collaboration is an emergent and dynamic process in time, the results indicate that these changes may be partial, rather than complete. This research highlights the interactions between the conditions for collaboration and the effects of this collaboration in the context of forest planning. Indeed, without the learning arising from previous collaborations, collaboration tends to deliver unsatisfactory results. This mostly happens when actors do not have a prior history of collaboration. Consequently, in order to obtain satisfactory and immediate benefits for all stakeholders (including the Nehirowisiwok), the actors had to develop new skills, learn the forestry vocabulary, become familiar with the concerns of the Other and refine and develop new tools and instruments. Particularly importantly, they need to build a new common approach in which they can trust each other. In short, the actors do not collaborate overnight; they must first learn to cooperate before they can collaborate effectively. The results also helped develop an empirical classification of links between collaborative processes. Five general sets of interrelations were observed: genealogical, duplication, opposition, complementarity and influence. These links show that collaborative process does not exist in isolation and can have significant effects on their environment and other processes. Moreover, they demonstrate that collaborative processes do not simply add to, supplement or replace existing processes, as is often portrayed in the literature. Finally, based on the findings of this study, new questions arise. Have other First Nations in Quebec experienced an evolution in collaborative forest planning, in the same way as the Nehirowisiwok? What are the factors and conditions that explain the differences and similarities observed? It would also be interesting to examine how collaboration has evolved in other areas of forest governance, such as the allocation of timber supply, the development of new forest policy, land use planning, or forest fire management. Finally, it seems more relevant than ever to consider how and when it is still possible to articulate collaboration to other governance mechanisms in order to take full advantage of its potential for sustainable and equitable governance of Nitaskinan.
Lachance-Bernard, Myriam. "Relation biomasse-densité et phénomène d'autoréduction chez la moule bleue (Mytilus edulis) élevée sur collecteur autogéré." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25906/25906.pdf.
Full textDurette, Maude-Nancy. "Dynamique forestière des peuplements de peuplier faux-tremble et d'épinette noire de la région de la plaine du lac Matagami (Québec, Canada)." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27438.
Full textRioux, Jérôme. "Effets de la coupe avec la protection des petites tiges marchandes (CPPTM) et de la coupe avec la protection de la haute régénération et des sols (CPHRS) sur la faune de la pessière noire à mousses de l'Est." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/24072/24072.pdf.
Full textCôté, Guillaume. "Élaboration d'une typologie forestière adaptée à la forêt boréale irrégulière." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23939/23939.pdf.
Full textBouchard, Audrey. "Rendement en biomasse, valeur nutritive et concentration en sucres du millet perlé sucré (Pennisetum glaucum [L.] R. Br.) en fonction de la dose de semis et de l'écartement entre les rangs." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27422/27422.pdf.
Full textBichet, Orphé. "L'aménagement de l'habitat du caribou forestier permet-il la conservation de la biodiversité?" Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30642/30642.pdf.
Full textThis study assessed the effect of habitat management for the recovery of boreal caribou (Rangifer tarandus) on the diversity of boreal birds. An index of occupancy was estimated for 29 bird species from surveyed data, and then compared among seven simulated landscapes contrasting in cut-block distribution and harvest rotation. Whereas cut-block distribution had little effect on bird assemblages, bird diversity was better maintained under a 100-year harvest rotation than a 60-year rotation. Bird assemblages for both harvest rotations differed significantly from assemblages expected in an uncut landscape, implying that rotations shorter than natural disturbance cycles could affect regional biodiversity. Our method thus allows the assessment of the long-term impact of various management strategies on biodiversity prior their implementation. On this basis, we showed that the current habitat management guidelines for boreal caribou recovery would not be sufficient to conserve bird diversity in the boreal forest.
Blais, Marie-Amélie. "Étude en mésocosmes des impacts de l'acidification et du réchauffement sur la composition élémentaire de la biomasse planctonique et le cycle de l'azote dans l'estuaire maritime du Saint-Laurent." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27839.
Full textLe, Blanc Mélanie-Louise. "Réaction des micromammifères et des oiseaux à différentes intensités de coupe en forêt boréale irrégulière." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20907.
Full textDorion, Hugues. "Patrons spatiaux d'une épidémie de la tordeuse des bourgeons de l'épinette sur la Côte-Nord : une approche de télédétection." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26845.
Full textJutras, Sylvain. "Growth of tree species and hydrology in managed forested peatlands, Quebec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23643/23643.pdf.
Full textThe water budget of forested peatland sites is regulated by a complex combination of hydrological processes. Relatively stable in natural environments, this budget is exposed to major changes by forest management activities affecting the tree canopy. This Ph.D. thesis aimed to study the specific interrelations existing between growth and yield of tree species, above-ground competition, and hydrology of Quebec forested peatlands. The first chapter aimed to determine the pertinence of using drainage to transform unproductive black spruce stands into productive ones. Results showed that even if tree growth was significantly increased by drainage, only intensive drainage using narrow ditch spacing would enable stand productivity improvement. The four other chapters intended to evaluate the influence of the vegetation on the regulation of hydrological processes and, indirectly, tree growth. The water table has been monitored on a pre-mature forested peatland site to evaluate its behaviour following drainage and harvesting (Chapter 2). Comparable water table monitoring has been done in densely regenerated post-harvest and drained peatland sites to measure the watering-up after precommercial thinning (Chapter 3). Both studies demonstrated the valuable water table regulation capacities of the treed vegetation in forested peatlands. Since this vegetation has an evident influence on soil growing conditions, tree growth should be affected by the presence of neighbours. The role of biological drainage (Chapter 4) and the presence of competition (Chapter 5) on growth have been evaluated for drained sites. The water table regulation power of the vegetation stratum was found to be favourable to tree growth, but only in specific situations. Management practices that preserve notable amount of vegetation on forested peatland stands seem to be the most pertinent guideline that should be considered in these fragile ecosystems.
Orzanco, Maria Gabriela. "Exploration de la fusion des informations pour améliorer la fiabilité locale d'une carte forestière." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23448/23448.pdf.
Full textIn the traditional forest maps in Quebec, sharp lines represent stand boundaries, forest strata are considered equally concordant in relation to field/cartographic attributes and the woody volume estimations issue from successive regrouping of field plots. The general objective of this research is to explore how different methods can be combined to characterize stand boundaries, forest strata and woody volume estimations, from geomatic and ecological points of view, by map and field information fusion. In order to qualify boundaries, their contrast and spatial contexts are quantified. The integration of these aspects allows the detection of forest sectors where boundary identification could be easiest. A significant relationship exists among the contrast of examined variables with the existence probability of boundaries. Other boundaries are identified from the field plots. These ones correspond to homogeneous plot clusters and to strong spatial discontinuities in the field variables. The two boundary types coincide spatially when neighbourhood differences are intense. The woody volume boundaries are, in this scale, spatially dependent on forest and topographic boundaries. Regression trees are used for grouping field plots considering minimum volume variability. The most effective tree model is associated with field variables. The groups formed with this method present less spatial variability in comparison with the plot groups presently used in Quebec. The forest strata are qualified by their accord map/plot level. For many forest strata the local accord is high while the neighbourhood accord is low. The local accord is attributed to internal strata homogeneity and/or the fact that plots poorly represent the forest stratum. The neighbourhood accord is associated with positional uncertainty of field samples, of boundaries or both. Finally, in order to permit cartographic and field boundary fusion at the element level, the resolution of heterogeneity between field and forest map data must be addressed first. The spatial resolution and semantic ecological significance of cartographic units are the most important of these heterogeneities.
Perron, Benjamin. "L'Aménagement écosystémique au service de la protection de la biodiversité: Représentations d'acteurs du monde social forestier québécois." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28840/28840.pdf.
Full textBéland, Mathieu, and Mathieu Béland. "Analyse de rentabilité de la récolte de biomasse dégradée par les insectes pour la bioénergie." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/38211.
Full textLes perturbations naturelles font partie intégrante de l’aménagement des forêts boréales canadiennes. Des débouchés doivent être trouvés pour les quantités importantes de bois provenant d’arbres dégradés ou morts. Une option prometteuse est la bioénergie. Cependant, il est essentiel de regarder la rentabilité de cette filière. Une approche par étude de cas a été réalisée pour évaluer la rentabilité d’une usine de bioénergie qui utilise de la biomasse dégradée, dans la province de Québec (Canada), en s’approvisionnant sur les mêmes territoires que les usines de sciage et de pâte. Les opérations forestières de récolte et transport ont été simulées. La rentabilité d’un scénario témoin, pour lequel seulement la récolte de bois marchand destiné au sciage et à la pâte et qui laisse les arbres trop dégradés intacts, a été comparée à la rentabilité d’un scénario transformant les arbres dégradés en bioénergie, tout en transformant les arbres sains en sciage et pâte. Aussi, l’effet de la répartition des coûts fixes sur un plus grand volume de bois a été évalué. Les bénéfices de la récolte de biomasse pour la bioénergie, en termes de réduction de l’intensité des travaux de préparation de terrain, a aussi été évaluée. Les résultats montrent qu’au prix actuel du marché, dominé par les granules de bois, la récolte de bois morts ou dégradés pour faire de la bioénergie n’est pas aussi rentable que de laisser les arbres debout, non coupés. Le scénario de bioénergie reste rentable lorsque le niveau de dégradation moyen est modéré. Aussi, la répartition des coûts fixes sur un plus grand volume de bois a permis de réaliser des économies de 2.83$C/m3 en moyenne. Finalement, la récolte de biomasse pour la bioénergie a permis de réaliser des économies allant de 0 à 500$/ha, en évitant des coûts de préparation de terrain.
Rheault, Héloïse. "Contribution des vieilles pessières noires au maintien de la biodiversité." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24173/24173.pdf.
Full textLompo, Laure Sandrine. "Participation du public et gestion durable des forêts : quelle intégration dans les législations forestières du Burkina Faso et du Québec?" Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25993.
Full textLégaré, Jean-Philippe. "Traitements sylvicoles alternatifs en forêt boréale irrégulière sur la Côte-Nord : la réponse des communautés de coléoptères." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27280/27280.pdf.
Full textLaverdière, Jean-Philippe. "Contrôle génétique de la résistance à la sécheresse chez l'épinette blanche." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69522.
Full textIn the context of anticipated climate change, increasingly intense and frequent episodes of drought will affect water availability for boreal tree species, prompting tree breeders to consider adaptation to water stress as a priority. We used a 19-year-old comparative test of white spruce (Picea glauca [Moench] Voss) polycross progeny established on two sites affected by drought episodes to compare the genetic control and the potential for improvement of drought response with those of more conventional growth traits. To do this, we used genomic selection (GS) based on genomic profiles and traditional selection based on pedigree information only (PS). The genetic control for drought-response traits was somewhat weaker than for growth traits, but with comparable estimated genetic gains, which makes it possible to consider the use of GS at an early age. The accuracy of predicted breeding values for drought response traits was only slightly lower than that for growth traits. We observed opposite correlations on the two sites studied between water stress resistance traits and tree radial growth, likely because the water stress episodes occurred at different times during the growth season between sites. However, some selection scenarios made it possible to improve all traits while sacrificing very little on height gain, which is the priority trait targeted for this species in Quebec. Our results suggest that integrating drought response into white spruce breeding programs would require only a slight sacrifice in height growth, but that the accuracy of predictions obtained by the genomic or the conventional approach is negatively affected by the lower numbers of trees in site-specific analyses when the water stress episodes are different from site to site.
Barrette, Martin. "Mécanismes de perte de résilience de l’état forestier due aux interactions entre les perturbations du couvert et le broutement de la régénération par le cerf de Virginie." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25777.
Full textOverabundance of cervids represents a new disturbance of forest ecosystems which interacts with preexisting disturbances of natural forests. Interactions between multiple disturbances can alter resilience mechanisms, thereby triggering alternative successional pathways that move the system toward assemblages of species that have not co-occurred historically. The occurrence of such novel ecosystems would raise issues concerning conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services that are provided by natural (i.e., preindustrial) forests. Hence, it is important to identify eventual mechanisms of resilience loss which could prevent natural forests recovery from interactions between pre-existing disturbances and disturbances caused by cervids. Anticosti Island which shelters overabundant white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), provides an opportunity to identify such mechanisms. To identify mechanisms of resilience loss, it was first necessary to describe the variability which the natural forest should recover after disturbances and to understand its disturbance dynamics. The natural landscape of Anticosti Island was characterized by a forest matrix of overmature gap-driven balsam fir stands in which severe stand-initiating disturbances were rare over the last ~160 years. Preferential browsing by deer has disrupted regeneration processes of gap-driven balsam fir stands on Anticosti Island. The loss of this resilience mechanism triggered forest degradation and alternative successional pathways toward white spruce stands and parklands. The historic clear-cutting (1910-1915) of overmature balsam fir stands has formed mature second-growth white spruce stands. We have shown that interactions between preferential deer browsing and clear-cutting of these white spruce stands have altered regeneration processes and triggered an alternative successional pathway toward the formation of parklands. A management plan aims to restore deer habitat on the island (i.e., balsam fir stands). In the eventual revision of this plan, managers should consider three important ecosystem management issues: the maintenance of overmature balsam fir stands, the occurrence of white spruce stands as a novel ecosystem, and the maintenance of the forest state.
Poulin, Anick. "La responsabilité humaine en environnement : l'exemple des forêts boréales du Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23596/23596.pdf.
Full textLeblanc, Vincent. "Rendement en biomasse, en sucres et valeur nutritive du millet perlé sucré (Pennisetum glaucum [L.] R. BR.) en fonction de la fertilisation et des dates de récolte en vue de la production d'éthanol et de fourrage." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27489/27489.pdf.
Full textMartineau-Delisle, Catherine. "La participation publique et la gestion des forêts au Québec : changement de gouvernance, impacts des pratiques et profil des participants." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/28983/28983.pdf.
Full textThe Canadian forest sector has gone through major transformations in the last decades. As a result, new practices have emerged among which public participation (PP) processes are particularly important. These are today a given in the sector, at every decisional level and for all actors. The growing importance of PP is said to reflect a major governance change in the management of forests. It is also seen as a practice which has many benefits: PP processes would improve the quality of decisions, ensure that a diversity of social values is considered, and increase trust in public authorities, for example. Despite the growing interest in PP, many knowledge gaps remain. To what point do PP processes reflect a governance change? What are their “real” impacts? Do they allow for the integration of a diversity of participants, as usually postulated? Our research aims to answer these questions based on the example of Québec forest sector. Firstly, based on an analysis of 693 cases of PP which happened over a period of more than three decades, the study provides with a high-level portrait of the evolution of PP processes in Québec forest sector. While the results prevent us from concluding that a real governance shift has happened, they clearly indicate that PP practices contribute to some key modifications in the conduct of forest management. Secondly, based on the perspective of 137 individuals having been involved in forest-related PP processes, the study identifies ten types of potential impacts of PP mechanisms as well as their significance from the point of view of the respondents. It also reveals key challenges related to the achievement of these impacts. Finally, one of the impacts of PP is measured empirically. To that end, the lists of participants to 27 public hearings were analyzed. The results reveal that, while PP opens decision-making to a wider range of participants, some forest actors tend to be favoured to the detriment of others. Overall, the key considerations raised by the study’s results allow important recommendations with regards to future PP practices and studies.
Hadley, Adam. "Winter habitat use by Boreal Chickadee flocks within a managed forest landscape." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23847/23847.pdf.
Full textResident bird species inhabiting northern latitudes are considered to be the species most exposed to the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation of boreal forests. Despite the fact that their population dynamics appear to be strongly determined by events occurring during the non-breeding season, we have little knowledge of the winter ecology of boreal birds. My objective was to determine how increasing edge densities and reducing the proportion of mature boreal forest will affect a resident bird species. I recorded movements of 85 unmarked and seven colour banded winter flocks of the little-known Boreal Chickadee (Poecile hudsonica), in a 66 km2 boreal forest harvested for timber near Quebec City, Quebec, Canada. From January-March (2004 and 2005), I followed flocks on snowshoes and recorded their paths in real time using a handheld GPS receiver. Using marked individuals, I found winter Boreal Chickadee flocks included an average of 4 individuals, occupied a mean winter home range of 14.7 ha and showed stable membership. Based on 74 km of flock movements, Boreal Chickadees strongly preferred mature forest (>7 m in height), used regenerating forest (4-7 m) to a lesser extent and avoided younger stands (<4 m) and open areas. Chickadee flocks showed no response to forest edges when using mature forest stands. However, inside regenerating forest, flocks were significantly closer to both open edges (41 ± 6 m) and mature forest boundaries (11 ± 2 m) than would be expected from random use of the habitat. Boreal Chickadee flocks did not avoid exposed edges during harsh weather conditions. In fact, on colder days, they were found disproportionately more often along edges between mature and regenerating stands. Increasing edge densities, resulting from clearcutting in boreal forest, does not necessarily reduce the winter suitability of remaining forest patches, even under inclement weather. However, I conclude that forest harvesting will result in a reduction of optimal wintering habitat for this species.
Laflamme, Jason. "Comparaisons des paysages forestiers préindustriels (1804 – 1864) et actuels (1982 – 2006) sur la base de la classification écologique dans la vallée de la rivière Gatineau, Québec, Canada." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29362/29362.pdf.
Full textHébert, Rémi. "Importance du processus naturel de régénération de la forêt mature mixte pour l'alimentation du lièvre d'Amérique, de l'orignal et de l'ours noir." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0018/MQ56405.pdf.
Full textDemers, Maude, and Maude Demers. "Dynamique contemporaine et à long terme des peuplements forestiers de la tourbière de Saint-Georges-de-Clarenceville en Montérégie." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37730.
Full textLes activités anthropiques (agriculture, urbanisation) ont fortement influencé la dynamique des tourbières depuis le début du XXe siècle dans la région physiographique des basses-terres du Saint- Laurent. En Montérégie, la vaste tourbière de Saint-Georges-de-Clarenceville est caractérisée par la présence de différents types de peuplements forestiers, notamment des peuplements feuillus dominés par l’érable rouge qui côtoient des peuplements conifériens, certains comportant du pin blanc. Ce projet avait pour objectifs 1) de dresser un portrait des peuplements forestiers de la tourbière pour les 100 à 200 dernières années, 2) de retracer leur dynamique à plus long terme, soit sur quelques millénaires et 3) de déterminer si l’établissement et la dynamique de la végétation forestière est d’origine anthropique ou naturelle. L’hypothèse qui a été testée est que la tourbière était autrefois colonisée naturellement par des peuplements forestiers à dominance coniférienne « typiques » des tourbières comme le mélèze laricin et l'épinette noire. En raison de perturbations anthropiques in situ, telles que la coupe forestière et le creusement de canaux de drainage, ces espèces auraient été graduellement remplacées par des peuplements arborescents à dominance feuillue et par des conifères « moins fréquents » dans de tels écosystèmes comme le pin blanc. Dans le but de documenter les différents peuplements forestiers, un portrait de la végétation arborescente fut réalisé le long d’un transect d’une longueur de 1 km. Pour six peuplements, des analyses dendrochronologiques ont été effectuées afin de dater les périodes d’établissement des arbres. Des profils de sol ont été creusés au sein de deux de ces sites afin de récolter, d’identifier et de dater des bois enfouis dans la tourbe. Plusieurs souches furent aussi échantillonnées et identifiées. Les résultats suggèrent que la présence du mélèze laricin, de l’épinette noire, du thuya occidental et du pin blanc sur la tourbière est naturelle et très ancienne (quelques milliers d’années). L’analyse des bois enfouis et des souches indique que le pin blanc est présent depuis au moins 3000 ans. En contrepartie, le développement en grande abondance d’espèces feuillues comme l’érable rouge et le bouleau jaune est plus récent et concorde, entre autres, avec des coupes forestières ayant lieu depuis de la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle par les différents propriétaires des lots de la tourbière. Ces perturbations auraient ainsi changé la dynamique forestière naturelle coniférienne vers des peuplements de plus en plus dominés par des espèces feuillues. L’érable rouge est présentement l’espèce la plus abondante au sein de la régénération et devrait éventuellement devenir l’espèce dominante.
Lemaître, Jérôme. "Déterminants de la répartition des oiseaux et des micromammifères en forêt boréale naturelle et aménagée." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21236.
Full textPierre, Amandine. "Ajustements du biais de mesure de précipitation solide et effets sur les bilans hydrologiques en milieu forestier boréal." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/40168.
Full textThis work joins two complementary research projects and contributes to improve the knowledge on solid precipitation measurements and hydrological modelling strategy in the boreal forest environment. All the data used in this work comes from the Montmorency Forest, which is the teaching and research forest of Université Laval located in Quebec. The uncertainty related to flows forecast by hydrological models depends on the choice of the model, but are also linked to the quality of incoming meteorological data. This work aims first to quantify uncertainties related to solid precipitation measurements, then to propose an innovative method of adjustment and finally to establish a hydrological modelling strategy for the boreal forest environment. The development of a large meteorological database, including data from two world reference instruments, was done thanks to the Neige site deployed since 2014. Regarding uncertainties related to the solid precipitation undercatch phenomenon, five deterministic approaches from the literature are first evaluated. Results show that the initial bias is 30% on average and there is still an overestimation of the solid precipitation quantity after a deterministic adjustment. A probabilistic approach is developed and results show that the bias is divided by 5 on average. Finally, sensitivity analysis of hydrological models’ parameters, and their performance facing different solid precipitation quantities, is done on a set of 20 conceptual models based on the hydrological database of the catchment area called the HautMontmorency. This study highlights that the snow water equivalent measurement bias of the snowpack could influence the quality of water balances in the catchment under certain conditions. A deep sensitivity analysis of hydrological models showed that an adjustment of the solid precipitation was required prior to their calibration. The originality of this thesis depends on the exceptional studied sites, the quality of technicians work and the collaboration of numerous public and private partners.
Sarrazin, François. "Intégration d’un centre logistique au sein d’un réseau d'entreprises forestières : impact et analyse." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/35433.
Full textThe forest industry represents an important part of Quebec’s economic activity and many local communities depend on this sector. In natural forests, the great diversity of tree species and quality brings an added complexity for sorting operations and the flow of resources. Furthermore, the remoteness of the resource implies high transportation costs. Scientific literature demonstrates that sharing transportation capacity can result in important cost reductions (Epstein et al. 2007), but is quite complex to put into place (Frisk et al.2010). Finally, the transition from push systems towards pull type supply chains and the recent difficulties for this industry (decline of the pulp and paper sector, housing crisis of 2008-09, etc.) make it all the more relevant to examine how to better use the wood resource. In this regard, the creation of sort yards, distinct from both the harvesting sites and the mills, offers many opportunities for maximizing value and minimizing costs. Such centers however, represent an important challenge in regards to their daily management and their insertion in the pre-existing logistics network. We therefore hypothesize that for certain economic, logistical and environmental factors, a logistics center comprised of a sort yard and transportation coordination, could generate cost savings, especially through the use of oversize trucks (Chan et al. 2008) and lower sorting costs (as can be deduced from Favreau 1995). We also sense that the sorting activities performed in such a center would also procure an added economic value for companies using its services by limiting the error rate in the classification of the logs, as presented in Sessions (2005). The purpose of this thesis is therefore to identify key factors regarding their impact on the profitability of a regional forest logistics center, combining a specific sort yard and the use of backhauling. Following this, we consider these factors in the development of a profit maximization model for a forest logistics network with the option of using such a sort yard and/or backhauling. This model was first applied to a fictitious but realistic case using generated data in order to estimate the magnitude of potential profit improvements which reached up to $ 0.88 per m3 available for harvest. The model was then applied to optimize a real and complex network to analyze its performance as well as slightly modified versions. A sensitivity analysis was also conducted and revealed that many factors such as distances from the harvesting zones, the number of oversize trucks and the level of stumpage fees had a significant influence on the profitability of such a center. In addition, a dynamic effect between the operation of the yard and the use of backhauling was observed for the real case. The addition of a sort yard allows to reduce the average length of delivery routes by breaking in two the flow of material between the harvesting areas and the production mills. This makes it easier to fit delivery routes within the legal driving time limit. Most importantly, such a yard can serve both as an origin and a destination, therefore opening the door to important reductions in deadheading.
Blouin, Denis. "Un modèle de gouvernance forestière autochtone ancré au territoire : analyse des conditions d’origine et du processus de cocréation dans le cas de la Nation micmac de Gespeg." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/68972.
Full textLike many First Nations in Canada, the Micmac Nation of Gespeg, an Aboriginal community with no assigned territory, has been demonstrating a willingness to reappropriate its territory for more than two decades. Located in the Gaspé region of Quebec, the Micmac Nation of Gespeg has been actively involved in the forestry sector for a little more than 15 years, particularly through forest co-management agreements on publicl and with the Quebec government. Following a partnership and collaborative approach with the Micmac Nation of Gespeg, we first studied its perceptions, needs and expectations regarding its forest territory, as well as analyzed its current involvement in forestry. Then, we carried out an approach in order to revise its vision and its objectives concerning its forestry project. We noted the specificity of its expectations, more cultural and identity-based than economic,and of its objectives based on a territorial project with multiple dimensions. This observation confirmed the relevance of exploring an innovative territorial and forest governance adapted to the aboriginal context, i.e. the concept of community forest. Secondly, in order to understand the transformative process allowing the objectives and vision of the Micmac Nation of Gespeg to be achieved, we drew a portrait of their socio-historical forestry context and then analyzed their path in forestry, more particularly their involvement in co-management. We then developed a framework for analyzing forest governance, identifying more specifically the conditions under which the community canact to achieve its vision. We found that the community's current and past commitments in forestry correspondto steps that prepare for the transformation of the governance of its ancestral forest territory. This strategicpath circumscribed by the governmental framework in force constitutes a passage towards the Aboriginal territorial governance desired by the Micmac Nation of Gespeg. In co-management with local partners, the Mig'maq community assumes an institutional entrepreneurial role. As a result, the Mi'gmaq of Gespeg exercisea transformative agent function by acting on the actionable conditions of the governance of public lands towards the achievement of their vision of governance of ancestral territory, i.e. the creation of a community forest. However, the observations of their forestry commitments, as well as the difficulties encountered in implementing their community forest, highlight the rationality of the governance of Quebec's public land. This governmental rationality exerted on public forests greatly limits the considerations that can be brought to the satisfaction of the needs and aspirations of specific groups. Thus, the system of "governmentality", to use according to Michel Foucault's term, of Québec's public lands is based on a one-dimensional conception of the Québec population and a homogeneous vision of the territory and the economy. This perspective directs government actions towards the exploitation of resources and territory based on the well-being of the Quebec population in general. Aboriginal people are then at the margin of the exercise of the State's power on its territory. An Aboriginal forestry conducted at the local level thus confronts the mission of the responsible ministries. Moreover, the Aboriginal will to adapt to its vision the management framework of the public forest constitutes a challenge for scientific forestry, the foundation of state forest management. In short, aboriginal claims, such as the Gespeg community forest project, call for the redefinition of the system of governmentality of public lands, as much in its conception of the Quebec population, its vision of the role of public lands as inits knowledge system.
Duperat, Marine. "Effet de l'hétérogénéité du peuplement sur les charges imposées par le vent." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69589.
Full textOver the past twenty years, forest management has tended to increase the use of partial cutting in naturally regenerated stands, leaving residual trees at increased risk of wind damage during their first years of acclimation. Widespread in Quebec, balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) is a species known to be particularly vulnerable to wind damage. To mitigate losses in naturally regenerated balsam fir stands, it is important to understand how balsam fir trees bend under wind loads, and to find specific silvicultural parameters to be integrated into wind risk management models. This should help managers mitigate risks when choosing silvicultural prescriptions. The main objective of this thesis was to study the wind loads experienced by balsam fir trees under summer and winter conditions and following the removal of nearby competitors. For this purpose, a network of sensors and data loggers was set up in a white birch-balsam fir stand in the Montmorency Forest (Laval University's experimental forest) for continuous data collection over three seasons: summer 2018, winter 2019, and summer 2019 following partial cutting. An aluminium tower equipped with two anemometers placed at the height and mid-height of the canopy and temperature sensors (air and soil) was installed at the edge of the stand to continuously monitor weather events. At the same time, strain gauges attached to balsam fir trunks made it possible to measure wind induced bending moments on a sample of trees. During the winter, continuous monitoring of the amount of snow on tree crowns was carried out using a hunting camera to assess the additional effect of snow on wind load. At the beginning of summer 2019, a localised thinning was carried out to remove all competitors within a radius of 3.5m around 2/3 of the trees studied. The main results of this thesis demonstrate (1) the importance of using competition indices, in particular CBAL, in modelling the risk of wind damages in heterogeneous stands; (2) the global impact of winter on the increase in the turning moments experienced by the trunks, regardless of the thickness of snow on the canopies; and (3) the local, but also global, effect of partial cutting on the increase in the turning moments experienced by all the trees in a stand, with the most suppressed trees being the most at risk.
Maurais, Julie. "Transformations régulatrices induites par l'arrivée de la certification forestière au Québec." Mémoire, 2006. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/3512/1/M9424.pdf.
Full textTurcotte, Elizabeth. "Sensibilité aux perturbations et microhabitat des orchidées goodyera en forêt boréale méridionale du Québec." Mémoire, 2008. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/958/1/M10354.pdf.
Full textMansuy, Nicolas. "Régimes des feux et dynamique forestière post-feu de part et d'autre de la limite nordique des forêts commerciales au Québec." Thèse, 2013. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/5504/1/D2490.pdf.
Full textFréchette, Alain. "An analytical inquiry into the evolution of forest governance institutions in Québec." Thèse, 2013. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/5769/1/D2506.pdf.
Full textDuhaime, Lyne. "Étude Before-After Control-Impact (BACI) sur les effets des coupes forestières sur la biomasse et la structure en taille du zooplancton des lacs de l'écozone boréale au Québec." Thèse, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/17045.
Full textShuku, Onemba Nicolas. "Impact de l'utilisation de l'énergie-bois dans la ville province de Kinshasa en République démocratique du Congo (RDC)." Mémoire, 2011. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/4598/1/M12010.pdf.
Full textBégin, Edith. "Caractérisation des régimes de perturbations par le chablis et des vents extrêmes dans l'érablière à bouleau jaune du Québec." Mémoire, 2011. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/4591/1/M12262.pdf.
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