Academic literature on the topic 'Biomasse végétale'
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Journal articles on the topic "Biomasse végétale"
Buard, Elodie. "Description des états annuels et des évolutions de la couverture végétale observée par des séries temporelles d'images MODIS dans le parc national de Hwange (Zimbabwe)." Revue Française de Photogrammétrie et de Télédétection, no. 207 (June 19, 2014): 71–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.52638/rfpt.2014.54.
Full textBotoni Liehoun, E., Philippe Daget, and Jean César. "Activités de pâturage, biodiversité et végétation pastorale dans la zone Ouest du Burkina Faso." Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux 59, no. 1-4 (January 1, 2006): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/remvt.9951.
Full textSome, Wièmè, Antoine Denis, Amani Louis Kouadio, Bakary Djaby, Hassan Bismark Nacro, Adrien Marie Gaston Belem, and Bernard Tychon. "Estimation des rendements fourragers des pâturages dans les espaces climatiques du Burkina Faso à partir de données satellitaires." Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux 77 (June 12, 2024): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/remvt.37009.
Full textMekideche, Siham, Lila Brakchi-Ouakour, and Leila Kadik. "Impact des perturbations anthropiques sur la diversité végétale de la subéraie de Chréa, au nord de l’Algérie." BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 337 (November 26, 2018): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2018.337.a31633.
Full textGrillot, Myriam, Jonathan Vayssières, François Guerrin, and Philippe Lecomte. "Modélisation conceptuelle de la gestion adaptative de la biomasse face à l’aléa climatique en systèmes agro-sylvopastoraux." Cahiers Agricultures 27, no. 5 (September 2018): 55004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/cagri/2018034.
Full textRoy, Michèle. "Les dommages d’insectes aux racines." Conférences [Symposium : Santé des racines, santé des plantes. Société de protection des plantes du Québec. 97e Assemblée annuelle (2005) Gatineau (Québec), 9 et 10 juin 2005] 86, no. 1 (November 22, 2005): 61–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/011716ar.
Full textGond, Valery, Emilien Dubiez, Marine Boulogne, Morgan Gigaud, Adrien Péroches, Alexandre Pennec, Nicolas Fauvet, and Régis Peltier. "DYNAMICS OF FOREST COVER AND CARBON STOCK CHANGE IN THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO: CASE OF WOOD-FUEL SUPPLY BASIN FOR KINSHASA." BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 327, no. 327 (December 19, 2015): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2016.327.a31293.
Full textSOMÉ, Yélézouomin Stéphane Corentin, Alimata ZOROM, Wièmè SOMÉ, and Pounyala Awa OUOBA. "Analyse de la dynamique de la végétation du Burkina Faso par utilisation de séries temporelles d’images FAPAR." International Journal of Progressive Sciences and Technologies 38, no. 1 (April 27, 2023): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.52155/ijpsat.v38.1.5191.
Full textHaro, Hadou, Kadidia Semde, Kadidiata Bahadio, and Kadidia B. Sanon. "Effet de l’inoculation mycorhizienne avec des souches des champignons mycorhiziens arbusculaires sur la croissance de Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC en condition contrôlée." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 14, no. 3 (June 19, 2020): 1065–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v14i3.32.
Full textKoriko, Moursalou, Sanonka Tchegueni, Fouad Alassani, Koffi Agbegnigan Degbe, and Gado Tchangbedji. "Extraction Et Caractérisation Physico-Chimique D’un Sel Végétal À Partir De La Cendre Du Palmier À Huile Du Nord Du Togo." European Scientific Journal ESJ 17, no. 43 (December 31, 2021): 102–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2021.v17n43p102.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Biomasse végétale"
Zaplana, Tom. "Optimisation de la fermentation de la biomasse végétale par Lachnoclostridium phytofermentans." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASL079.
Full textThe development of renewable energy sources requires optimization of the conversion of plant biomass into biofuels such as butanol. Clostridia, and more specifically Lachnoclostridium phytofermentans, are anaerobic bacteria capable of degrading cellulose and producing compounds of interest, making them ideal candidates for this transformation.This thesis aims to push back the limits of metabolic engineering of L. phytofermentans to optimize butanol production. The main objectives are: (1) to develop an evolved strain capable of withstanding high concentrations of butanol, (2) to introduce a butanol synthesis pathway via synthetic biology approaches, and (3) to implement a CRISPRi system to precisely modulate central metabolism.To achieve these objectives, several approaches were implemented. L. phytofermentans was subjected to directed evolution over 480 days in a continuous culture automaton (called GM3), resulting in a butanol-resistant strain. Phenotypic and genomic characterization of this strain identified over 500 mutations associated with resistance. In parallel, a butanol synthesis pathway was designed and introduced into L. phytofermentans, and a butanol-specific biosensor was adapted to detect its production.Finally, a CRISPRi system based on dLbCas12a was developed, enabling the cloning of up to eight guides into a plasmid to specifically repress key metabolic genes.The evolved strain, PHY24.0#6, showed increased tolerance to butanol, a halved generation time and a 1.3-fold increase in maximum growth density. Analysis of the plasma membrane revealed a composition of longer, more unsaturated fatty acids. Although butanol production was not detected after introduction of the synthetic pathway, the specific biosensor was successfully integrated. The CRISPRi system was able to repress the expression of central metabolism genes up to 20-fold, including genes whose deletion would be lethal, such as the Cphy_1326-1327-0089 trio, responsible for the acetate and dihydrogen production.This work has made it possible to improve the tolerance of L. phytofermentans to butanol, and to develop innovative molecular tools such as the multiplex CRISPRi system. These advances contribute to a better understanding of this bacterium's metabolism and open prospects for optimizing the sustainable production of biofuels from plant biomass. The approaches developed could be transposed to other models of Clostridia, thereby fostering the development of innovative, environmentally friendly energy solutions
Galindo, Sabine. "Production simultanée de sucres et d'éthanol à partir de biomasse végétale." Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20067.
Full textArnaubec, Aurelien. "Analyse de la précision d'estimation de paramètres de la biomasse végétale à l'aide de techniques PolInSAR." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4320.
Full textPolarimetric and Interferometric SAR techniques (PolInSAR) offer a global solution for vegetal biomass parameters monitoring. In the scope of this thesis, we propose to analyze the estimation precision that can be achieved with those techniques for some parameters such as ground and vegetation height, based on one of the most widely used PolInSAR vegetation model (RVoG model). We have first determined the Cramer-Rao bound (CRB), which gives a lower bound on the estimation variance, for unbiased estimation. This study shows a high diversity of situations, with in the best cases a precision of around 1 meter for a sample size of 100 pixels. It was shown that the most commonly used estimation method leads to estimation variances close to the CRB in a lot of situations. This study also allowed us to analyze the performance loss when polarimetric information is reduced (Compact Polarimetry). Then, we analyzed the influence of some deviations from the RVoG model (ground and vegetation height fluctuations, and also temporal decorrelation). Temporal decorrelation seems to be the most concerning issue as it can lead to high estimation bias. These theoritical results have been illustrated on tropical and tempered forests using P band data acquired by RAMSES and SETHI, the ONERA radar systems
Roudet, Jocelyne. "Polymérisation de monomères issus de la biomasse végétale : polymérisation cationique et polyestérification." Grenoble INPG, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987INPG0121.
Full textCarillon, Thierry. "Valorisation d'hydrolysats de matière végétale : procédé de séparation du D-xylose et du D-mannose." Toulouse, INPT, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987INPT007G.
Full textTriki, Ben Salem Rania. "Valorisation de la biomasse végétale : Elaboration de poly(esteramide)s à partir de monomères biosourcés." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066210.
Full textThe work reported in this thesis was carried out in the context of vegetal biomass valorization and focuses on the synthesis of new polyesteramides (PEAs) from furan-based monomers. Three efficient methods of polyesteramide synthesis were studied: (i) direct polycondnesation of monomer mixtures in the bulk, (ii) aminolysis of furanic polyesters and (iii) interchange reaction between oligomers. The NMR and MALDI-ToF MS structural analyses confirmed the formation of the expected polyesteramides. Interestingly, the ester/amide ratio in final copolymers was governed by the initial diester/diamine ratio, any diol excess being eliminated during the synthesis via a series of interchange reactions. However, the existence of side reactions was also demonstrated, specially the formation of inactive furyl end-groups and chain branching through the formation of amidine groups by amine-amide reaction. The best results were obtained by bulk polycondensation from monomers and by aminolysis of aliphatic polyesters by a furanic diamine
Grégoire, Vincent. "L’apport de biomasse végétale et l’amélioration des propriétés hydrauliques des sols organiques cultivés." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66302.
Full textSouth of Montreal (Québec, Canada), an area of 12 000 hectares is well known for its vegetable production. Accumulated vegetation led an organic soil with advantageous properties for vegetable production when compared to typical mineral soils. However, several degradation processes are affecting soil properties and a too low level (under 40 cm) of the organic layer thickness may be reached within in the next decades if conservation practices are not implemented. Physical and hydraulic properties have shown signs of deterioration leading to drainage problems. Thus, soil conservation strategies need to be developed to ensure the sustainable use of these agricultural land. Incorporation of plant biomass could compensate for losses of organic matter and could also improve the soil physical properties. To validate this mitigation practice, different vegetal biomass rates from woody and grass species were incorporated into undisturbed organic soil cores before an incubation period of 12 months. Discrete measurements allowed for the evaluation of the amplitude and persistency of the biomass effect on various physical and hydraulic properties. After an application of biomass at high rate (20% v/v), the final soil height within the cores increased up to 73 mm when compared to control cores. The modelling of the soil water retention curves led to linear relations between biomass application rates and air content. The latter increasing from 23,8% to 37,8% in the surface soil layer throughout the incubation period, but had only a minor effects on deeper soil layers. Three indicators of performance were chosen to evaluate the drainage behavior, which appeared to be fast under the experimental conditions. Drainage was slowed down with increasing biomass application rate, but surface aeration improved on the other end. In general, wood type biomass had a greater influence than the grass type biomass on the studied variables.
Chamoulaud, Gwenae͏̈l. "Valorisation de la biomasse : transformations électrocatalytiques du furfural." Poitiers, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000POIT2309.
Full textLê, Ngọc Huyền Trân. "Transformation de la biomasse aérienne de Miscanthus giganteus : aptitude à la dégradation enzymatique et valorisation des coproduits en agro-matériaux." Amiens, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AMIE0100.
Full textThe use of plant resources in renewable materials and energy is receiving increased interest. In this respect, Miscanthus (Miscanthus giganteus) is a perennial grass showing great potential as a raw material for bioethanol production. The plant biomass can be harvested at different dates, in autumn (early harvest) in order to maximize yield, and in winter (delayed harvest). The main objectives were first to evaluate the impact of harvesting date (early, late) on the chemical composition susceptibility to enzymatic saccharification of miscanthus aiming at production second generation bioethanol, second to explore the use of lignocellulosic byproduct into agromaterials. The proportion of soluble fraction is mainly affected by the harvesting date while few change occurred in the cell wall composition. Chemical heterogeneity according to the type of organ leads to variation in susceptibility to saccharification. Owing to its high recalcitrance towards enzymatic conversion, a chemical pretreatment is required. Ammonia pretreated biomass is more prone to saccharification compared to acid treated samples. Following ammonia treatment, early harvested biomass is shown to be more efficiently converted by enzymes than a diluted acid pretreatment. Then the use of solid byproducts into cementitious material and self-binding fiberboards is explored. The obtained cementitious material had a great workability and interesting mechanical properties. Enzymatic treatment does not improve the delay in the setting time of the lignocellulosic composite. In contrast to the raw miscanthus, fiberboards are obtained by hot-pressing of byproducts from the saccharified biomass. Nevertheless, industrial applications would still require further improvements of the composites properties
Alliot, Vanessa. "Des molécules de la biomasse vers des tensioactifs trimodulaires originaux." Nancy 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NAN10304.
Full textThe aims of this work concem the preparation, the physico-chemical and also biological evaluation, of trimodular surfactants resulting of biomass, for application in some various fields such as food industry (agrochemical, fermentation, feeding. . . ), pharmaceutical and parapharmaceutical industry (cosmetic, emulsifier. . . ) and nuclear power (complexation ofmetal. . . ) The design of these new molecules is based on the principle of the modular synthesis. Two ways of synthesis are studied : they consist in imprecating, such as a game of "Lego", the polar module with the module of junction (lysin), then the hydrophobic modules or their derivatives and conversely. The first way of synthesis begins with the condensation of fatty acids or of their derivatives on lysin. Then, obtaining trimodular surfactants mono or bicatenary is carried out by grafting of an absorbent, standard module sugars or derived. The second strategy brings into play a primary condensation of a polar module on lysin. Then, various acids are grafted, in order to prepare 4 families of monocatenary surfactants and 2 families of bicatenary surfactants, with fatty chains being composed of 8 to 18 methylenes groups. The physico-chemical study of the synthesized products shows that the aqueous solutions of monocatenary surfactants present good properties of surface and form organized molecular systems. They can be used to form emulsions and should allow the preparation of blisters. The biological studies undertaken on these trimodular surfactants show that their additions in a culture medium of yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Kluyveromyces bulgaricus and Saccharomyces bayanus) have repercussions on the growth, cellular breathing and the fermentation. We observe stimulative effects for some molecules or on the contrary inhibiting effects for others
Books on the topic "Biomasse végétale"
Hewes, Cameron. General biodiesel cooks up process plant redesign. [New York]: Knovel, 2011.
Find full textAyhan, Demirbas, ed. Gasoline, diesel, and ethanol biofuels from grasses and plants. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010.
Find full textZ, Erhan Sevim, ed. Industrial uses of vegetable oils. Champaign, Ill: AOCS Press, 2005.
Find full textGarneau, G. X., and G. Collin. Valorisation de la Biomasse Végétale par les Produits Naturels. Stylus Pub, 1995.
Find full textGupta, Ram B., and Ayhan Demirbas. Gasoline, Diesel, and Ethanol Biofuels from Grasses and Plants. Cambridge University Press, 2010.
Find full textGupta, Ram B., and Ayhan Demirbas. Gasoline, Diesel, and Ethanol Biofuels from Grasses and Plants. Cambridge University Press, 2010.
Find full textGupta, Ram B., and Ayhan Demirbas. Gasoline, Diesel, and Ethanol Biofuels from Grasses and Plants. Cambridge University Press, 2012.
Find full textGupta, Ram B., and Ayhan Demirbas. Gasoline, Diesel and Ethanol Biofuels from Grasses and Plants. Cambridge University Press, 2010.
Find full textStrezov, Vladimir, and Tim J. Evans. Biomass Processing Technologies. Taylor & Francis Group, 2014.
Find full textStrezov, Vladimir, and Tim J. Evans. Biomass Processing Technologies. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Biomasse végétale"
Giraudoux, Patrick. "Le commun du vivant." In L’humain et le végétal. Processus et formes de vie partagés, 195–216. Besançon: Presses universitaires de Franche-Comté, 2024. https://doi.org/10.4000/12w2x.
Full textCOLIN, Elise, and Laetitia THIRION-LEFEVRE. "Modéliser la rétrodiffusion radar par les forêts : une première étape pour inverser." In Inversion et assimilation de données de télédétection, 237–69. ISTE Group, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.51926/iste.9142.ch7.
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