Academic literature on the topic 'Biomaterial scaffold'
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Journal articles on the topic "Biomaterial scaffold"
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Zhang, Bin, Rodica Cristescu, Douglas B. Chrisey, and Roger J. Narayan. "Solvent-based Extrusion 3D Printing for the Fabrication of Tissue Engineering Scaffolds." International Journal of Bioprinting 6, no. 1 (January 17, 2020): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18063/ijb.v6i1.211.
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Three-dimensional (3D) printing has been emerging as a new technology for scaffold fabrication to overcome the problems associated with the undesirable microstructure associated with the use of traditional methods. Solvent-based extrusion (SBE) 3D printing is a popular 3D printing method, which enables incorporation of cells during the scaffold printing process. The scaffold can be customized by optimizing the scaffold structure, biomaterial, and cells to mimic the properties of natural tissue. However, several technical challenges prevent SBE 3D printing from translation to clinical use, such as the properties of current biomaterials, the difficulties associated with simultaneous control of multiple biomaterials and cells, and the scaffold-to-scaffold variability of current 3D printed scaffolds. In this review paper, a summary of SBE 3D printing for tissue engineering (TE) is provided. The influences of parameters such as ink biomaterials, ink rheological behavior, cross-linking mechanisms, and printing parameters on scaffold fabrication are considered. The printed scaffold structure, mechanical properties, degradation, and biocompatibility of the scaffolds are summarized. It is believed that a better understanding of the scaffold fabrication process and assessment methods can improve the functionality of SBE-manufactured 3D printed scaffolds.
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Chen, Suzan, Angela Auriat, Tongda Li, Taisa Stumpf, Ryan Wylie, Xiongbiao Chen, Stephanie Willerth, et al. "Advancements in Canadian Biomaterials Research in Neurotraumatic Diagnosis and Therapies." Processes 7, no. 6 (June 3, 2019): 336. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7060336.
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Development of biomaterials for the diagnosis and treatment of neurotraumatic ailments has been significantly advanced with our deepened knowledge of the pathophysiology of neurotrauma. Canadian research in the fields of biomaterial-based contrast agents, non-invasive axonal tracing, non-invasive scaffold imaging, scaffold patterning, 3D printed scaffolds, and drug delivery are conquering barriers to patient diagnosis and treatment for traumatic injuries to the nervous system. This review highlights some of the highly interdisciplinary Canadian research in biomaterials with a focus on neurotrauma applications.
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Lim, Ye-Seon, Ye-Jin Ok, Seon-Yeong Hwang, Jong-Young Kwak, and Sik Yoon. "Marine Collagen as A Promising Biomaterial for Biomedical Applications." Marine Drugs 17, no. 8 (August 10, 2019): 467. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md17080467.
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This review focuses on the expanding role of marine collagen (MC)-based scaffolds for biomedical applications. A scaffold—a three-dimensional (3D) structure fabricated from biomaterials—is a key supporting element for cell attachment, growth, and maintenance in 3D cell culture and tissue engineering. The mechanical and biological properties of the scaffolds influence cell morphology, behavior, and function. MC, collagen derived from marine organisms, offers advantages over mammalian collagen due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, easy extractability, water solubility, safety, low immunogenicity, and low production costs. In recent years, the use of MC as an increasingly valuable scaffold biomaterial has drawn considerable attention from biomedical researchers. The characteristics, isolation, physical, and biochemical properties of MC are discussed as an understanding of MC in optimizing the subsequent modification and the chemistries behind important tissue engineering applications. The latest technologies behind scaffold processing are assessed and the biomedical applications of MC and MC-based scaffolds, including tissue engineering and regeneration, wound dressing, drug delivery, and therapeutic approach for diseases, especially those associated with metabolic disturbances such as obesity and diabetes, are discussed. Despite all the challenges, MC holds great promise as a biomaterial for developing medical products and therapeutics.
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James, Roshan, Paulos Mengsteab, and Cato T. Laurencin. "Regenerative Engineering: Studies of the Rotator Cuff and other Musculoskeletal Soft Tissues." MRS Advances 1, no. 18 (2016): 1255–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2016.282.
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ABSTRACT‘Regenerative Engineering’ is the integration of advanced materials science, stem cell science, physics, developmental biology and clinical translation to regenerate complex tissues and organ systems. Advanced biomaterial and stem cell science converge as mechanisms to guide regeneration and the development of prescribed cell lineages from undifferentiated stem cell populations. Studies in somite development and tissue specification have provided significant insight into pathways of biological regulation responsible for tissue determination, especially morphogen gradients, and paracrine and contact-dependent signaling. The understanding of developmental biology mechanisms are shifting the biomaterial design paradigm by the incorporation of molecules into scaffold design and biomaterial development that are specifically targeted to promote the regeneration of soft tissues. Our understanding allows the selective control of cell sensitivity, and a temporal and spatial arrangement to modulate the wound healing mechanism, and the development of cell phenotype leading to the patterning of distinct and multi-scale tissue systems.Building on the development of mechanically compliant novel biomaterials, the integration of spatiotemporal control of biological, chemical and mechanical cues helps to modulate the stem cell niche and direct the differentiation of stem cell lineages. We have developed advanced biomaterials and biomimetic scaffold designs that can recapitulate the native tissue structure and mechanical compliance of soft musculoskeletal tissues, such as woven scaffold systems for ACL regeneration, non-woven scaffolds for rotator cuff tendon augmentation, and porous elastomers for regeneration of muscle tissue. Studies have clearly demonstrated the modulation of stem cell response to bulk biomaterial properties, such as toughness and elasticity, and scaffold structure, such as nanoscale and microscale dimensions. The integration of biological cues inspired from our understanding of developmental biology, along with chemical, mechanical and electrical stimulation drives our development of novel biomaterials aimed at specifying the stem cell lineage within 3-dimensional (3D) tissue systems. This talk will cover the development of biological cues, advanced biomaterials, and scaffold designs for the regeneration of complex soft musculoskeletal tissue systems such as ligament, tendon, and muscle.
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Kazimierczak, Paulina, Krzysztof Palka, and Agata Przekora. "Development and Optimization of the Novel Fabrication Method of Highly Macroporous Chitosan/Agarose/Nanohydroxyapatite Bone Scaffold for Potential Regenerative Medicine Applications." Biomolecules 9, no. 9 (September 1, 2019): 434. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom9090434.
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Bone scaffolds mimicking the three-dimensional bone structure are of essential importance for bone regeneration. The aim of this study was to develop and optimize the production method of highly macroporous bone scaffold composed of polysaccharide matrix (chitosan–agarose) reinforced with nanohydroxyapatite. The highly macroporous structure was obtained by the simultaneous application of a gas-foaming agent and freeze-drying technique. Fabricated variants of biomaterials (produced using different gas-foaming agent and solvent concentrations) were subjected to porosity evaluation and compression test in order to select the scaffold with the best properties. Then, bioactivity, cytotoxicity, and cell growth on the surface of the selected biomaterial were assessed. The obtained results showed that the simultaneous application of gas-foaming and freeze-drying methods allows for the production of biomaterials characterized by high total and open porosity. It was proved that the best porosity is obtained when solvent (CH3COOH) and foaming agent (NaHCO3) are applied at ratio 1:1. Nevertheless, the high porosity of novel biomaterial decreases its mechanical strength as determined by compression test. Importantly, novel scaffold is non-toxic to osteoblasts and favors cell attachment and growth on its surface. All mentioned properties make the novel biomaterial a promising candidate to be used in regenerative medicine in non-load bearing implantation sites.
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Agbay, Andrew, John M. Edgar, Meghan Robinson, Tara Styan, Krista Wilson, Julian Schroll, Junghyuk Ko, Nima Khadem Mohtaram, Martin Byung-Guk Jun, and Stephanie M. Willerth. "Biomaterial Strategies for Delivering Stem Cells as a Treatment for Spinal Cord Injury." Cells Tissues Organs 202, no. 1-2 (2016): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000446474.
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Ongoing clinical trials are evaluating the use of stem cells as a way to treat traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). However, the inhibitory environment present in the injured spinal cord makes it challenging to achieve the survival of these cells along with desired differentiation into the appropriate phenotypes necessary to regain function. Transplanting stem cells along with an instructive biomaterial scaffold can increase cell survival and improve differentiation efficiency. This study reviews the literature discussing different types of instructive biomaterial scaffolds developed for transplanting stem cells into the injured spinal cord. We have chosen to focus specifically on biomaterial scaffolds that direct the differentiation of neural stem cells and pluripotent stem cells since they offer the most promise for producing the cell phenotypes that could restore function after SCI. In terms of biomaterial scaffolds, this article reviews the literature associated with using hydrogels made from natural biomaterials and electrospun scaffolds for differentiating stem cells into neural phenotypes. It then presents new data showing how these different types of scaffolds can be combined for neural tissue engineering applications and provides directions for future studies.
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Roi, Alexandra, Lavinia Cosmina Ardelean, Ciprian Ioan Roi, Eugen-Radu Boia, Simina Boia, and Laura-Cristina Rusu. "Oral Bone Tissue Engineering: Advanced Biomaterials for Cell Adhesion, Proliferation and Differentiation." Materials 12, no. 14 (July 18, 2019): 2296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12142296.
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The advancements made in biomaterials have an important impact on oral tissue engineering, especially on the bone regeneration process. Currently known as the gold standard in bone regeneration, grafting procedures can sometimes be successfully replaced by a biomaterial scaffold with proper characteristics. Whether natural or synthetic polymers, biomaterials can serve as potential scaffolds with major influences on cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. Continuous research has enabled the development of scaffolds that can be specifically designed to replace the targeted tissue through changes in their surface characteristics and the addition of growth factors and biomolecules. The progress in tissue engineering is incontestable and research shows promising contributions to the further development of this field. The present review aims to outline the progress in oral tissue engineering, the advantages of biomaterial scaffolds, their direct implication in the osteogenic process and future research directions.
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Blanco-Elices, Cristina, Enrique España-Guerrero, Miguel Mateu-Sanz, David Sánchez-Porras, Óscar García-García, María Sánchez-Quevedo, Ricardo Fernández-Valadés, Miguel Alaminos, Miguel Martín-Piedra, and Ingrid Garzón. "In Vitro Generation of Novel Functionalized Biomaterials for Use in Oral and Dental Regenerative Medicine Applications." Materials 13, no. 7 (April 4, 2020): 1692. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13071692.
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Recent advances in tissue engineering offer innovative clinical alternatives in dentistry and regenerative medicine. Tissue engineering combines human cells with compatible biomaterials to induce tissue regeneration. Shortening the fabrication time of biomaterials used in tissue engineering will contribute to treatment improvement, and biomaterial functionalization can be exploited to enhance scaffold properties. In this work, we have tested an alternative biofabrication method by directly including human oral mucosa tissue explants within the biomaterial for the generation of human bioengineered mouth and dental tissues for use in tissue engineering. To achieve this, acellular fibrin–agarose scaffolds (AFAS), non-functionalized fibrin-agarose oral mucosa stroma substitutes (n-FAOM), and novel functionalized fibrin-agarose oral mucosa stroma substitutes (F-FAOM) were developed and analyzed after 1, 2, and 3 weeks of in vitro development to determine extracellular matrix components as compared to native oral mucosa controls by using histochemistry and immunohistochemistry. Results demonstrate that functionalization speeds up the biofabrication method and contributes to improve the biomimetic characteristics of the scaffold in terms of extracellular matrix components and reduce the time required for in vitro tissue development.
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Vigneswari, Sevakumaran, Tana Poorani Gurusamy, H. P. S. Abdul Khalil, Seeram Ramakrishna, and Al-Ashraf Abdullah Amirul. "Elucidation of Antimicrobial Silver Sulfadiazine (SSD) Blend/Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate-co-4-Hydroxybutyrate) Immobilised with Collagen Peptide as Potential Biomaterial." Polymers 12, no. 12 (December 14, 2020): 2979. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12122979.
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The quest for a suitable biomaterial for medical application and tissue regeneration has resulted in the extensive research of surface functionalization of material. Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB-co-4HB)] is a bacterial polymer well-known for its high levels of biocompatibility, non-genotoxicity, and minimal tissue response. We have designed a porous antimicrobial silver SSD blend/poly(3HB-co-4HB)-collagen peptide scaffold using a combination of simple techniques to develop a scaffold with an inter-connected microporous pore in this study. The collagen peptide was immobilised via -NH2 group via aminolysis. In order to improve the antimicrobial performance of the scaffold, silver sulfadiazine (SSD) was impregnated in the scaffolds. To confirm the immobilised collagen peptide and SSD, the scaffold was characterized using FTIR. Herein, based on the cell proliferation assay of the L929 fibroblast cells, enhanced bioactivity of the scaffold with improved wettability facilitated increased cell proliferation. The antimicrobial activity of the SSD blend/P(3HB-co-4HB)-collagen peptide in reference to the pathogenic Gram-negative, Gram-positive bacteria and yeast Candida albicans exhibited SSD blend/poly(3HB-co-4HB)-12.5 wt% collagen peptide as significant construct of biocompatible antibacterial biomaterials. Thus, SSD blend/P(3HB-co-4HB)-collagen peptide scaffold from this finding has high potential to be further developed as biomaterial.
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Wahl, Elizabeth A., Fernando A. Fierro, Thomas R. Peavy, Ursula Hopfner, Julian F. Dye, Hans-Günther Machens, José T. Egaña, and Thilo L. Schenck. "In VitroEvaluation of Scaffolds for the Delivery of Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Wounds." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/108571.
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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to improve tissue regeneration in several preclinical and clinical trials. These cells have been used in combination with three-dimensional scaffolds as a promising approach in the field of regenerative medicine. We compare the behavior of human adipose-derived MSCs (AdMSCs) on four different biomaterials that are awaiting or have already received FDA approval to determine a suitable regenerative scaffold for delivering these cells to dermal wounds and increasing healing potential. AdMSCs were isolated, characterized, and seeded onto scaffolds based on chitosan, fibrin, bovine collagen, and decellularized porcine dermis.In vitroresults demonstrated that the scaffolds strongly influence key parameters, such as seeding efficiency, cellular distribution, attachment, survival, metabolic activity, and paracrine release. Chick chorioallantoic membrane assays revealed that the scaffold composition similarly influences the angiogenic potential of AdMSCsin vivo. The wound healing potential of scaffolds increases by means of a synergistic relationship between AdMSCs and biomaterial resulting in the release of proangiogenic and cytokine factors, which is currently lacking when a scaffold alone is utilized. Furthermore, the methods used herein can be utilized to test other scaffold materials to increase their wound healing potential with AdMSCs.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Biomaterial scaffold"
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Pipes, Toni M. "CHARACTERIZING THE REPRODUCIBILITY OF THE PROPERTIES OF ELECTROSPUN POLY(D,L-LACTIDE-CO-GLYCOLIDE) SCAFFOLDS FOR TISSUE-ENGINEERED BLOOD VESSEL MIMICS." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2014. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1194.
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“Blood vessel mimics” (BVMs) are tissue-engineered constructs that serve as in vitro preclinical testing models for intravascular devices. The Cal Poly Tissue Engineering lab specifically uses BVMs to test the cellular response to stent implantation. PLGA scaffolds are electrospun in-house using the current “Standard Protocol” and used as the framework for these constructs. The performance of BVMs greatly depends on material and mechanical properties of the scaffolds. It is desirable to create BVMs with reproducible properties so that they can be consistent models that ultimately generate more reliable results for intravascular device testing. Reproducibility stems from the consistency of the scaffolds. Thus, scaffolds with consistent material and mechanical properties are necessary for creating reproducible BVMs.
The aim of this thesis was to characterize the reproducibility of the electrospun PLGA scaffolds using fiber diameter measurements and compliance testing. Initial work in this investigation involved designing and testing several experimental electrospinning protocols to obtain smaller fiber diameters, which have been shown to elicit more ideal cellular responses. The most successful protocol in that regard was then analyzed for the reproducibility of fiber diameters and compared to the reproducibility of the Standard Protocol. After determining that the Standard Protocol produced scaffolds with more consistent fibers, a large-scale reproducibility study was performed using this protocol. In this expanded study, both fiber diameter and compliance were analyzed and used to characterize the scaffolds. It was established that the scaffolds demonstrated inconsistent mean fiber diameter and mean compliance. The current standard electrospinning protocol therefore does not create PLGA scaffolds with statistically reproducible properties. Future modifications should be made to the electrospinning parameters in order to reduce variability between the scaffolds and future studies should be performed to determine the acceptable range of properties.
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Blackstone, Britani Nicole. "Biomaterial, Mechanical and Molecular Strategies to Control Skin Mechanics." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1406123409.
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Thomas, John. "Development of a hybrid scaffold for cartilage tissue generation." Thesis, Kingston, Ont. : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/1194.
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Ko, Henry Chung Hung Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Influence of scaffold geometries on spatial cell distribution." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/43342.
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A limitation to engineering viable thick tissues (greater than a few hundred microns in thickness) has been the lack of vascularisation and a vascular supply. A key element in engineering such tissues is the generation of a supporting scaffold with a defined and wellcharacterized architecture. To date relatively little attention has been paid to characterization. The objective of this research was to develop well-characterized structures which will inform the rational design of the next generation of engineered thick tissues. Specifically, this research aimed to test combinations of various culturing environments, cell mono- and co-cultures, and scaffold architectures; develop improved imaging techniques and structural/spatial analytical methods to characterise porous polymer scaffolds; and use various spatial and morphological measures to quantify the relationships between scaffold geometric structure and cell distribution. Isotropic and anisotropic pore scaffolds were manufactured and then processed with nondestructive and destructive imaging methods, and characterised using image analysis methods to measure geometric parameters such as the degree of anisotropy/isotropy, porosity, and fractal parameters of pore and strut networks. Cells were introduced into scaffolds using a range of seeding methods and cultured in static and hydrodynamic environments. Quantification of the spatial cell distribution in cell-seeded scaffolds was done with first-order spatial statistics and fractal analysis. Findings comparing various destructive and non-destructive imaging methods found that cryotape cryohistology was the most accurate method for processing bare polymer scaffolds and eliminated histological artefacts common to other techniques. It was found with the various image analysis methods, surface and internal scaffold geometric architectures were strongly isotropic for porogen-fused porogen-leached scaffolds and anisotropic for TIPS scaffolds. For both isotropic and anisotropic pore scaffolds, collagen hydrogel infusion and droplet methods gave the highest cell seeding efficiencies (at 100% efficiency). The key finding in this study was that first-order spatial statistics and fractal analysis of cell distribution revealed that the geometric structure of the scaffolds had the strongest effect on spatial cell infiltration and distribution compared to the influence of culture environment or mono- and co-culture. Isotropic pore scaffolds had a higher level of cell distribution. Further work with optimizing the growth environment parameters, and utilizing collagen-infused cell-seeded scaffolds, may assist in achieving better cell growth. The work presented therefore provides the analytical basis for the rational design of tissue engineering scaffolds.
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Coverdale, Benjamin. "Incorporation of surfactants into electrospun scaffolds for improved bone tissue engineering applications." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/incorporation-of-surfactants-into-electrospun-scaffolds-for-improved-bone-tissue-engineering-applications(eb71f3b7-a4de-4b92-9113-29cf2b79aa9c).html.
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Electrospinning is a process by which micro and nanofibrous scaffolds can be easily fabricated to mimic structures such as the extracellular matrix of bone. A number of materials have been used to fabricate such scaffolds making the process an extremely versatile tool in the field of bone tissue engineering. Many scaffolds however are hydrophobic, leading to poor cellular attachment and proliferation, whilst the actual process of electrospinning is highly variable, producing irregular scaffolds that can ultimately influence cell invasion and differentiation. The focus of this thesis was to address the issues of poor biocompatibility and irregular scaffold production in three commonly used polymers each with different mechanical properties and degradation profiles. Poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) were functionalised with surfactants in order to improve the biocompatibility and osteoinductive properties of electrospun scaffolds, whilst electrospinning equipment was modified to improve uniformity of scaffold production. Reducing variables known to affect scaffold formation such as temperature and humidity through the use of an environmental stability cabinet improved the reproducibility of scaffolds. The introduction of a Faraday cage, a larger electrode and a negative mandrel potential also improved the quality and quantity of electrospun fibres collected. Lecithin was selected as an appropriate additive for both improving biocompatibility and uniformity of electrospun fibres as it is naturally occurring and induced dose dependent reductions in water contact angle, allowing tailored hydrophobicity. Through gravimetric determination of pore sizes coupled with mathematical modelling, the addition of lecithin was found to reduce both mean fibre diameter and pore size in all scaffolds, improving scaffold homogeneity. At low concentrations (i.e. 2 %) lecithin generally did not affect the mechanical properties of scaffolds, however significant improvements in tensile strength for PCL and nanoindentation for PET were evident, indicating these scaffolds remained suitably strong for bone regeneration purposes. Reduced hydrophobicity acted to improve cellular attachment of Saos-2 osteoblasts to polymers, whilst proliferation on all scaffolds was similar to TCP controls. Furthermore, lecithin incorporation induced osteoinduction, as bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells seeded on these hybrid scaffolds expressed upregulated gene expression for alkaline phosphatase, collagen 1, osteocalcin and osteopontin. In conclusion, these scaffolds, functionalised with lecithin, improve the homogeneity of fibrous mats allowing increased reproducibility and efficiency of the electrospinning process. Furthermore, the improved biocompatibility and osteoinductivity that lecithin presents, allows for the production of more suitable electrospun scaffolds in the field of bone tissue engineering.
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Kido, Hueliton Wilian. "Biocompatibilidade da vitrocêramica bioativa (Biosilicato®): análises in vitro e in vivo." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/6995.
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Previous issue date: 2011-08-29Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
Due to limited availability of autogenous bone and of the risks associated with the use of bone allografts, new synthetic materials have been developed in order to replace the bone tissue lost due to trauma or pathological process. The bioactive materials in the form of scaffolds are synthetic materials promising for bone grafting. Several studies suggest that these biomaterials are able to stimulate the proliferation of osteoblasts and osteogenesis at the site of fracture. However, the feasibility of these biomaterials to a clinical application requires the investigation of their biocompatibility. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the biocompatibility of a scaffold synthesized from a fully crystallized glass-ceramic bioactive quaternary system P2O5-Na2O-CaO-SiO2 (Biosilicate®), through histopathological analysis of the biomaterial implanted in the subcutaneous tissue of rats and the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity analysis of the biomaterial in cell cultures (OSTEO-1 and L929 cells). Histopathologic analysis of the biomaterial was performed using 65 Wistar rats male (210- 260 g), randomly divided into two groups, Control group (n = 3 animals per period) and Biosilicate group (n = 10 animals per period), evaluated at 7, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days after surgery. The animals of Biosilicate group underwent surgery and received a subcutaneous implant of Biosilicate® scaffolds. The animals of Control group underwent surgery but did not receive any biomaterial implant. The cytotoxicity analysis was performed to assess the effect of products leaching from Biosilicate® scaffolds (extracts) on cellular proliferation (MTT). The extracts were evaluated in various concentrations (100, 50, 25 and 12.5%) in experimental periods of 24, 72 and 120 hours in two cell lines (OSTEO-1 and L929). The genotoxicity analysis (comet assay) was performed to assess DNA damage in cells OSTEO-1 and L929 grown in contact with the Biosilicate® scaffolds in different periods of 24, 72 and 96 horas. The statistical analysis of parametrics data was performed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey post-hoc and the analysis of nonparametrics data was performed by Mann-Whitney test. Both statistical tests were performed with a significance level of 5%. The results of histopathological analysis showed that the animals of the Control group did not present inflammation process, necrotic tissue and fibrous tissue. The animals of Biosilicato group showed a granulation tissue after 7 days of implantation. In the other periods (15, 30, 45 and 60 days) a chronic inflammation process of foreign body, marked by the presence of fibrous tissue and giant cells was observed. No infection or necrotic tissue was observed in any animal. In the analysis of cytotoxicity, it was observed that extracts of Biosilicato® scaffolds did not have any significant effect in reducing cell proliferation OSTEO-1 and L929, and that lower concentrations of the extracts (12.5 and 25%) stimulated the proliferation of both cells in periods of 72 and 120 hours. The analysis of genotoxicity showed that the Biosilicate® scaffolds did not induce DNA damage in the cell lines tested in all experimental periods. The results of this study showed that the Biosilicate® scaffolds presented biocompatibility in vivo and in vitro.
Devido a limitada disponibilidade de osso autógeno e dos riscos associados ao uso de osso alógeno, novos materiais sintéticos vêm sendo desenvolvidos com o objetivo de substituir o tecido ósseo perdido em decorrência de traumatismos ou processos patológicos. Os materiais bioativos na forma de scaffolds são materiais sintéticos promissores para enxertia óssea. Vários estudos sugerem que estes biomateriais são capazes de estimular a proliferação de osteoblastos e a osteogênese no local da fratura. No entanto, a viabilização destes biomateriais a uma aplicação clínica requer o emprego de testes que avaliem a sua biocompatibilidade. Dentro deste contexto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a biocompatibilidade do scaffold sintetizado a partir de uma vitrocerâmica bioativa totalmente cristalizada do sistema quaternário P2O5-Na2O-CaO-SiO2 (Biosilicato®), por meio da análise histopatológica do biomaterial implantado no tecido subcutâneo de ratos, e pelas análises de citotoxicidade e genotoxicidade do biomaterial em cultura de células da linhagem OSTEO-1 e L929. A análise histopatológica do biomaterial foi realizada utilizando 65 ratos machos da linhagem Wistar (210-260 g), distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos, Controle (n = 3 animais por período) e Biosilicato (n = 10 animais por período), avaliados em períodos distintos de 7, 15, 30, 45 e 60 dias. Os animais do grupo Biosilicato foram submetidos a uma cirurgia no tecido subcutâneo e receberam um implante de scaffold de Biosilicato®. Os animais do grupo Controle foram submetidos à mesma cirurgia, mas não receberam o implante do biomaterial. A análise de citotoxicidade foi realizada para avaliar os efeitos dos produtos da lixiviação dos scaffolds de Biosilicato® (extratos) na proliferação celular pelo ensaio MTT. Os extratos foram avaliados em várias concentrações (100, 50, 25 e 12,5%) em períodos experimentais de 24, 72 e 120 horas, utilizando duas linhagens celulares (OSTEO-1 e L929). A análise de genotoxicidade (ensaio cometa) foi realizada para avaliar os danos no DNA de células OSTEO-1 e L929 cultivadas em contato com scaffolds de Biosilicato® em períodos distintos de 24, 72 e 96 horas. A análise estatística dos dados paramétricos foi realizada pelo teste de variância (ANOVA), seguido do post-hoc de Tukey, e a análise dos dados não paramétricos foi realizada pelo teste de Mann-Whitney. Ambos os testes estatísticos foram realizados com nível de significância de 5%. Os resultados da análise histopatológica demonstraram que os animais do grupo Controle não apresentaram processo inflamatório, tecido necrótico ou tecido fibroso. Já os animais do grupo Biosilicato apresentaram um tecido de granulação após 7 dias de implantação e nos demais períodos (15, 30, 45 e 60 dias) apresentaram um processo inflamatório crônico de corpo estranho, marcado pela presença de tecido fibroso e células gigantes multinucleadas. Em todos os animais avaliados não foi evidenciado foco de infecção ou tecido necrótico. Na análise de citotoxicidade foi observado que os extratos dos scaffolds de Biosilicato® não possuem efeito significativo na redução da proliferação de células OSTEO-1 e L929, e que as menores concentrações dos extratos (12,5 e 25%) estimularam a proliferação de ambas às células nos períodos de 72 e 120 horas. Na análise de genotoxicidade foi evidenciado que os scaffolds de Biosilicato® não induzem danos do DNA de células de ambas às linhagens testadas em todos os períodos experimentais. Os resultados obtidos neste estudo demonstraram que os scaffolds de Biosilicato® apresentaram biocompatibilidade em experimentos in vivo e in vitro.
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Qiu, Weiguo. "Fabrication and Characterization of Recombinant Silk-elastinlike Protein Fibers for Tissue Engineering Applications." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/201490.
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The integration of functional and structural properties makes genetically engineered proteins appealing in tissue engineering. Silk-elastinlike proteins (SELPs), containing tandemly repeated polypeptide sequence derived from natural silk and elastin, are recently under active study due to the interesting structure. The biological, chemical, physical properties of SELPs have been extensively investigated for their possible applications in drug/gene delivery, surgical tissue sealing and spine repair surgery. However, the mechanical aspect has rarely been looked into. Moreover, many other biomaterials have been fabricated into fibers in micrometer and nanometer scale to build extracellular matrix-mimic scaffolds for tissue regeneration, but many have one or mixed defects such as: poor strength, mild toxicity or immune repulsion etc. The SELP fibers, with the intrinsic primary structures, have novel mechanical properties that can make them defects-minimized scaffolds in tissue engineering.In this study, one SELP (SELP-47K) was fabricated into microfibers and nanofibers by the techniques of wet-spinning and electrospinning. Microfibers of meters long were formed and collected from a methanol coagulation bath, and later were crosslinked by glutaraldehyde (GTA) vapor. The resultant microfibers displayed higher tensile strength up to 20 MPa and higher deformability as high as 700% when tested in hydrated state. Electrospinnig of SELP-47K in formic acid and water resulted in rod-like and ribbon-like nanofibrous scaffolds correspondingly. Both chemical (methanol and/or GTA) and physical (autoclaving) crosslinking methods were utilized to stabilize the scaffolds. The chemical crosslinked hydrated scaffolds exhibit elastic moduli of 3.4-13.2 MPa, ultimate tensile strength of 5.7-13.5 MPa, and deformability of 100-130%, closely matching or exceeding the native aortic elastin; while the autoclaved one had lower numbers: 1.0 MPa elastic modulus, 0.3 MPa ultimate strength and 29% deformation. However, the resilience was all above 80%, beyond the aortic elastin, which is 77%. Additionally, Fourier transform infrared spectra showed clear secondary structure transition after crosslinking, explaining the phenomenon of scaffold water-insolubility from structural perspective and showed a direct relationship with the mechanical performance. Furthermore, the in vitro biocompatibility of SELP-47K nanofibrous scaffolds were verified through the culture of NIH 3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblast cells.
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Armelin, Paulo Roberto Gabbai. "Avaliação da biocompatibilidade e do efeito no reparo ósseo de um scaffold manufaturado a partir de um material vítreo fibroso." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/7182.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Millions of bone fractures occur annually worldwide and the consequent bone repair process is complex, involving many biological events until it reaches the restoration of the tissue integrity. During that process some problems can occur due to delays in the bone healing, which does not allow the proper joining of the tissue. Thus, it is necessary to search for new technologies that work in restoring the integrity of the bone tissue and that promote the osteoconduction and the osteoinduction. In this sense, the use of bioactive materials in the bone repair process is a promising alternative. Following this, two studies (I and II) were developed in order to investigate a new fibrous glassy scaffold, and these studies were based in three lines of research: (i) the characterization of the new fibrous glassy scaffold; (ii) the biocompatibility evaluation of this bioactive material; (iii) the analysis of the biological performance of this new scaffold in the bone repair. More specifically, in the study I the developed scaffolds were characterized in terms of porosity, mineralization and morphological features. Additionally, fibroblast and osteoblast cells were seeded in contact with extracts of the scaffolds to assess cell proliferation and genotoxicity after 24, 72 and 144 h. Finally, scaffolds were placed subcutaneously in rats for 15, 30 and 60 days. In regards to study II, the morphological structure of the scaffolds upon incubation in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) (via scanning electron microscope) was assessed after 1, 7 and 14 days and, also, the in vivo tissue response to the new biomaterial was evaluated using implantation in rat tibial defects. The histopathological, immunohistochemistry and biomechanical analyzes after 15, 30 and 60 days of implantation were performed to investigate the effects of the material on bone repair. The scaffolds presented interconnected porous structures (porosity of ~75%), and the precursor bioglass could mineralize a hydroxycarbonate apatite (HCA) layer in SBF after only 12 h. The PBS incubation indicated that the fibers of the glassy scaffold degraded over time. With regards to the biological investigations, the biomaterial elicited increased fibroblast and osteoblast cell proliferation, and no DNA damage was observed. The in vivo experiment showed degradation of the biomaterial over time, with soft tissue ingrowth into the degraded area and the presence of multi-nucleated giant cells around the implant. At day 60, the scaffolds were almost completely degraded, and an organized granulation tissue filled the area. Additionally, the histological analysis of the implants in the bone defects revealed a progressive degradation of the material with increasing implantation time and also its substitution by granulation tissue and woven bone. Histomorphometry showed a higher amount of newly formed bone area in the control group (CG) compared to the biomaterial group (BG) 15 days post-surgery. After 30 and 60 days, CG and BG showed a similar amount of newly formed bone. The novel biomaterial enhanced the expression of RUNX-2 and RANK-L, and also improved the mechanical properties of the tibial callus at day 15 after surgery. These results indicate that the new fibrous glassy scaffold is bioactive, non-cytotoxic, biocompatible and promising for using in bone tissue engineering.
Milhões de fraturas ósseas ocorrem anualmente no mundo todo e o processo de reparo é complexo, envolvendo muitos eventos biológicos até que se atinja a restauração da integridade do tecido. Problemas nessa regeneração podem ocorrer, levando a não união óssea. Assim, faz-se necessária a busca por novas tecnologias que atuem na restauração da integridade do tecido ósseo e promovam a osteocondução e a osteoindução. Para tanto, uma alternativa promissora é a utilização de materiais bioativos para o reparo ósseo. Seguindo essa linha, foram realizados dois estudos (I e II) acerca de um novo scaffold vítreo fibroso, sendo estes estudos baseados em três linhas de investigação: (i) caracterização do novo scaffold vítreo fibroso; (ii) avaliação da biocompatibilidade desse material bioativo e (iii) análise do desempenho biológico desse novo scaffold no reparo ósseo. Mais especificamente, no estudo I foi feita a caracterização dos scaffolds em termos de porosidade, mineralização e características morfológicas. Adicionalmente, fibroblastos e osteoblastos foram cultivados em contato com extratos dos scaffolds para avaliação da proliferação celular e genotoxicidade após 24, 72 e 144 h. Finalmente, nesse mesmo estudo, os scaffolds foram implantados subcutaneamente em ratos por 15, 30 e 60 dias. No que se refere ao estudo II, foram feitas avaliações da estrutura morfológica dos scaffolds (via microscopia eletrônica de varredura) imersos em tampão fosfato salino (PBS) após 1, 7 e 14 dias, além de investigações do efeito no reparo ósseo do novo scaffold utilizando implantação do mesmo em defeitos ósseos tibiais em ratos. Análises histopatológicas, imunohistoquímicas e biomecânicas foram realizadas 15, 30 e 60 dias após a implantação. Os scaffolds apresentaram estruturas altamente porosas (porosidade de ~75%) e interconectadas, e o biovidro precursor mineralizou uma camada de hidroxicarbonatoapatita (HCA) em SBF (simulated body fluid) após o curto período de 12 h. A incubação em PBS indicou que as fibras do scaffold apresentaram sinais de degradação com o passar do tempo. Sobre os testes biológicos, o novo biomaterial levou a um aumento da proliferação de fibroblastos e osteoblastos, e nenhum dano ao DNA foi observado. Os experimentos de implantação do material no subcutâneo indicaram degradação do biomaterial acompanhada do crescimento interno de tecido mole e presença de células gigantes multinucleadas ao redor do implante. Após 60 dias, os scaffolds estavam quase completamente absorvidos e um tecido de granulação organizado preenchia a área de implantação. Adicionalmente, as análises histológicas dos scaffolds em defeitos ósseos revelaram uma degradação progressiva do biomaterial e substituição do mesmo por tecido de granulação e tecido ósseo neoformado. A histomorfometria mostrou uma maior quantidade de osso neoformado no grupo controle (CG) comparado ao grupo biomaterial (BG) 15 dias após a cirurgia. No entanto, depois de 30 e 60 dias, CG e BG apresentaram quantidades similares de osso neoformado. Além disso, o novo biomaterial aumentou a expressão de RUNX-2 e RANK-L, e também melhorou as propriedades mecânicas do calo tibial 15 dias após a cirurgia. Os resultados indicam que o novo scaffold vítreo fibroso é bioativo, não-citotóxico, biocompatível e promissor para utilização na engenharia do reparo ósseo.
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Xie, Sibai. "Characterization and Fabrication of Scaffold Materials for Tissue Engineering." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1366303111.
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Lima, Patricia Rodrigues de. "Biopolímero de Fibrina como arcabouço biológico para células-tronco mesenquimais como potencial produtor osteogênico." Botucatu, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/182206.
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Orientador: Rui Seabra FerreiraResumo: Desenvolvido em 1990 por um grupo de pesquisadores do Centro de Estudo de Venenos e Animais Peçonhentos (CEVAP), no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, o Biopolímero de Fibrina (BPF) possuía o principal objetivo de ser um adesivo à base de fibrina sem o uso de sangue humano, a fim de evitar a transmissão de doenças infecciosas por meio deste insumo. Após diversas pesquisas com o BPF, comprovou-se não somente sua capacidade adesiva, como também sua ação coagulante, sua ação como auxiliar no reparo ósseo e cartilaginoso e sua função como arcabouço para células-tronco mesenquimais (CTMs), devido ao fato de que o BPF possui uma estrutura tridimensional adequada. Em estudos recentes e ao exercer essa função, tal material não afetou o microambiente biológico das células, ou seja, permitiu a adesão, proliferação e diferenciação celular, e aderência e crescimento destas. Tais características, apresentadas pelo BPF, são desejáveis na maioria dos biopolímeros utilizáveis, o que ressalta a importância do aprofundamento das pesquisas com BPF e suas interações em experimentos in vivo. Assim, no capítulo 1 realizamos uma ampla revisão na literatura sobre biopolímeros de fibrina, células-tronco e reparação de tecido ósseo. No capítulo 2 é apresentado o artigo científico “Arcabouço de fibrina para células-tronco mesenquimais como potencial osteogênico”.
Abstract: Developed in 1990 by a group of researchers from the Center for the Study of Venomous and Poisonous Animals (CEVAP) in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, the Fibrin Biopolymer (GMP) had the main objective of being a fibrin-based adhesive without the use of human blood in order to avoid the transmission of infectious diseases by means of this input. After several investigations with BPF, it was verified not only its adhesive capacity, but also its coagulant action, its action as an aid in bone and cartilage repair and its function as a framework for mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), due to the fact that the BPF has an adequate three-dimensional structure. In recent studies and in carrying out this function, such material did not affect the biological microenvironment of the cells, that is, it allowed cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation, and adhesion and growth of these cells. These characteristics, presented by BPF, are desirable in most usable biopolymers, which underscores the importance of deepening GMP research and its interactions in in vivo experiments. Thus, in Chapter 1 we conducted a broad review in the literature on biopolymers of fibrin, stem cells and repair of bone tissue. In chapter 2 the scientific paper "Fibrin scaffold for mesenchymal stem cells as osteogenic potential" is presented.
Doutor
Books on the topic "Biomaterial scaffold"
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Li, Qing, and Yiu-Wing Mai, eds. Biomaterials for Implants and Scaffolds. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53574-5.
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Seminar and Meeting on Ceramics, Cells, and Tissues (12th 2009 Faenza, Italy). Ceramics, cells, and tissues: Surface-reactive biomaterials as scaffolds and coatings, interactions with cells and tissues. Rome: Consiglio nazionale delle ricerche, 2009.
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Li, Qing, and Yiu-Wing Mai. Biomaterials for Implants and Scaffolds. Springer, 2016.
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Li, Qing, and Yiu-Wing Mai. Biomaterials for Implants and Scaffolds. Springer, 2018.
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Khang, Gilson, Moon Suk Kim, and Hai Bang Lee. A Manual for Biomaterials/Scaffold Fabrication Technology. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/6408.
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Gilson, Khang, Kim Moon Suk, and Lee Hai Bang, eds. A manual for biomaterials: Scaffold fabrication technology. Singapore: World Scientific, 2007.
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Wohlbier, Thomas. Nanohybrids. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644901076.
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The book covers preparation, designing and utilization of nanohybrid materials for biomedical applications. These materials can improve the effectiveness of drugs, promote high cell growth in new scaffolds, and lead to biodegradable surgical sutures. The use of hybrid magneto-plasmonic nanoparticles may lead to non-invasive therapies. The most promising materials are based on silica nanostructures, polymers, bioresorbable metals, liposomes, biopolymeric electrospun nanofibers, graphene, and gelatin. Much research focuses on the development of biomaterials for cell regeneration and wound healing applications.
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(Editor), Gilson Khang, Moon Suk Kim (Editor), and Hai Bang Lee (Editor), eds. A Manual for Biomaterials/Scaffold Fabrication Technology (Manuals in Biomedical Research) (Manuals in Biomedical Research). World Scientific Publishing Company, 2007.
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Biomaterials For Tissue Engineering Applications A Review Of The Past And Future Trends. Springer, 2011.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Biomaterial scaffold"
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Seidi, Azadeh, and Murugan Ramalingam. "Protocols for Biomaterial Scaffold Fabrication." In Integrated Biomaterials in Tissue Engineering, 1–23. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118371183.ch1.
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Koseki, Hironobu, and Shiro Kajiyama. "Biomaterial-Related Surgical Site Infection: Anti-infectious Metal Coating on Biomaterials." In Kenzan Method for Scaffold-Free Biofabrication, 165–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58688-1_13.
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Shimomura, Kazunori, Yu Moriguchi, Norihiko Sugita, Kota Koizumi, Yukihiko Yasui, Hideki Yoshikawa, and Norimasa Nakamura. "Current Strategies in Osteochondral Repair with Biomaterial Scaffold." In Musculoskeletal Research and Basic Science, 387–403. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20777-3_23.
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Saito, Shunsuke, Y. Oyake, and Teruo Asaoka. "Fabrication of Titanium Fiber Scaffold for Biomaterial Use." In Advances in Science and Technology, 131–34. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/3-908158-14-1.131.
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Hannula, Markus, Nathaniel Narra, Kaarlo Paakinaho, Anne-Marie Haaparanta, Minna Kellomäki, and Jari Hyttinen. "µCT Based Characterization of Biomaterial Scaffold Microstructure Under Compression." In IFMBE Proceedings, 165–69. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-9023-3_30.
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Rohman, Géraldine, Salah Ramtani, Sylvie Changotade, Credson Langueh, Yves Roussigné, Florent Tétard, Fréderic Caupin, and Philippe Djemia. "Dynamical Viscoelastic Properties of Poly(Ester-Urethane) Biomaterial for Scaffold Applications." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 1–8. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24247-3_1.
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Schumann, Detlef, Andrew K. Ekaputra, Christopher X. F. Lam, and Dietmar W. Hutmacher. "Biomaterials/Scaffolds." In Methods in Molecular Medicine™, 101–24. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-443-8_6.
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Ito, Yoshihiro. "Growth Factors on Biomaterial Scaffolds." In Biological Interactions on Materials Surfaces, 173–97. New York, NY: Springer US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-98161-1_9.
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Sultana, Naznin, Mohd Izzat Hassan, and Mim Mim Lim. "Scaffolding Biomaterials." In Composite Synthetic Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 1–11. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09755-8_1.
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Tateishi, Tetsuya, and Guo Ping Chen. "Biodegradable Polymer Scaffold for Tissue Engineering." In Advanced Biomaterials VI, 59–62. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-967-9.59.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Biomaterial scaffold"
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Sebastine, I. M., and D. J. Williams. "Requirements for the Manufacturing of Scaffold Biomaterial With Features at Multiple Scales." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-82515.
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Tissue engineering aims to restore the complex function of diseased tissue using cells and scaffold materials. Tissue engineering scaffolds are three-dimensional (3D) structures that assist in the tissue engineering process by providing a site for cells to attach, proliferate, differentiate and secrete an extra-cellular matrix, eventually leading cells to form a neo-tissue of predetermined, three-dimensional shape and size. For a scaffold to function effectively, it must possess the optimum structural parameters conducive to the cellular activities that lead to tissue formation; these include cell penetration and migration into the scaffold, cell attachment onto the scaffold substrate, cell spreading and proliferation and cell orientation. In vivo, cells are organized in functional tissue units that repeat on the order of 100 μm. Fine scaffold features have been shown to provide control over attachment, migration and differentiation of cells. In order to design such 3D featured constructs effectively understanding the biological response of cells across length scales from nanometer to millimeter range is crucial. Scaffold biomaterials may need to be tailored at three different length scales: nanostructure (<1μm), microstructure (<20–100μm), and macrostructure (>100μm) to produce biocompatible and biofunctional scaffolds that closely resemble the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the natural tissue environment and promote cell adhesion, attachment, spreading, orientation, rate of movement, and activation. Identification of suitable fabrication techniques for manufacturing scaffolds with the required features at multiple scales is a significant challenge. This review highlights the effect and importance of the features of scaffolds that can influence the behaviour of cells/tissue at different length scales in vitro to increase our understanding of the requirements for the manufacture of functional 3D tissue constructs.
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Stone, James J. S., Andrew R. Thoreson, Kurt L. Langner, Jay M. Norton, Daniel J. Stone, Francis W. Wang, Shawn W. O’Driscoll, and Kai-Nan An. "Computer-Aided Design, Manufacturing, and Modeling of Polymer Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-81621.
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A custom computer-controlled rapid prototyping system was designed and developed in this research. This system for bio-manufacturing of polymer scaffolds included 3D motion control components, a nozzle, a pressure controller, and a temperature-controlled reservoir containing a biomaterial. Heating elements built into the reservoir melted the biomaterial. The pressure line attached to the reservoir provided a controllable force that extruded the polymer biomaterial through the nozzle and deposited the polymer biomaterial onto a platform to fabricate scaffolds. A low pressure (830 KPa) system was designed and fabricated to accommodate different temperatures, motion speeds, and viscosities of polymer biomaterials. The reservoir with the nozzle was mounted to servo motor-controlled linear x-y motion devices along with a third servo motor-controlled device that controlled the z-position of the platform. Poly(ε-caprolactone) [PCL] was used to fabricate scaffolds with designed structure that were used in cell and tissue regeneration studies. 3D computer-aided design (CAD) with Pro-Engineer and computational finite element analysis (FEA) programs with MSC_Patran and MSC_Marc were used to model scaffold designs with appropriate architecture and material selection. The CAD models were used in FEA to develop new methods for determining mechanical properties of tissue scaffolds of desired structure and geometry. FEA models were validated by mechanical testing and other published results. Technology developed in this research has potential for the advancement of bio-manufacturing, and design optimization of scaffolds for tissue engineering.
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Nain, Amrinder S., Eric Miller, Metin Sitti, Phil Campbell, and Cristina Amon. "Fabrication of Single and Multi-Layer Fibrous Biomaterial Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-67964.
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For regenerative medicine applications, we need to expand our understanding of the mechanisms by which nature assembles and functionalizes specialized complex tissues to form a complete organism. The first step towards this goal involves understanding the underlying complex mechanisms of highly organized behavior spanning not only diverse scientific fields, but also nano, micro and macro length-scales. For example, an engineered fibrous biomaterial scaffold possessing the hierarchal spatial properties of a native extracellular matrix (ECM) can serve as a building block upon which living cells are seeded for repair or regeneration. The hierarchical nature of ECM along with the inherent topological constraints of fiber diameter, fiber spacing, multi-layer configurations provide different pathways for living cells to adapt and conform to the surrounding environment. Our previously developed Spinneret based Tunable Engineered Parameters (STEP) technique to deposit biomaterial scaffolds in aligned configurations has been used for the first time to deposit single and multi-layer biological scaffolds of fibrinogen. Fibrinogen is a very well established tissue engineering scaffold material, as it improves cellular interactions and allows scaffold remodeling compared to synthetic polymers. Current state-of-the-art fiber deposition techniques lack the ability to fabricate scaffolds of desired fiber dimensions and orientations and in this study we present fabrication and aligned deposition of fibrinogen fiber arrays with diameters ranging from sub-200 nm to sub-microns and several millimeters in length. The fabricated scaffolds are then cultured with pluripotent mouse C2C12 cells for seven days and cells on the scaffolds are observed to elongate resembling myotube morphology along the fiber axis, spread along intersecting layers and fuse into bundles at the macroscale. Additionally, we demonstrate the ability to deposit poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), Polystyrene (PS) biomaterial scaffolds of different diameters to investigate the effects of topological variations on cellular adhesion, proliferation and migration. Previous studies have indicated cells making right angle transitions upon encountering perpendicular double layer fibers and cellular motion is thwarted in the vicinity of diverging fibers. Current ongoing studies are aimed at determining the effects of fiber diameter and fiber spacing on mouse C2C12 cellular adhesion and migration, which are envisioned to aid in the design of future scaffolds for tissue engineering possessing appropriate material and geometrical properties.
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Lu, Lin, Robert S. Dembzynski, Mark J. Mondrinos, David Wootton, Peter I. Lelkes, and Jack Zhou. "Manufacturing System Development for Fabrication of Bone Scaffold." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-80937.
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Musculoskeletal conditions are a major health concern in United States because of a large aging population and increased occurrence of sport-related injuries. The need for bone substitutes is especially important. Traditional treatments of bone-defect have many of limitations. Bone tissue engineering may offer a less painful alternative to traditional bone grafts with lower risk of infection. This research integrates biomimetic modeling, solid freeform fabrication (SFF), systems and control, and tissue engineering in one intelligent system for structured, highly porous biomaterials, which will be applied to bone scaffolds. Currently a new SFF-based fabrication system has been developed, which uses a pressurized extrusion to print highly biocompatible and water soluble sucrose bone scaffold porogens. To date, this system can build simple bone structures. In parallel we are utilizing a commercial rapid prototyping (RP) machine to fabricate thermoplastic porogens of various designs to determine the feasibility of injecting a highly viscous scaffold material into porogens. Materials which have been successfully used to make scaffolds by injection include calcium phosphate cement (CPC), molten poly-caprolactone (PCL), 90/10 and 80/20 (v/v %) composite of PCL and calcium phosphate (CaPO4,). Results presented for the injection method include characterization of attainable feature resolution of the RP machine, as well as preliminary cell-biomaterial interaction data demonstrating biocompatibility of CPC scaffolds. The preliminary results using a commercial rapid prototyping machine have demonstrated that the indirect porogen technique can improve 2–4 folds the resolution of SFF system in fabricating bone scaffolds. The resultant scaffolds demonstrate that the defined porous structures will be suitable for tissue engineering applications.
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Elcin, Huseyn. "FUNCTION AND SAFETY EVALUATION OF 3D TECHNOLOGY TO PREPARE BONE REPAIR BIOMATERIALS." In International Trends in Science and Technology. RS Global Sp. z O.O., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_conf/28022021/7433.
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PLGA/HA composite biomaterials are prepared, and 3D printing technology is used to make bone scaffolds that can be implanted in the body. Its performance is tested by in vitro physical and biological methods, and its safety is evaluated by animal experiments. Methods: 3D printing technology was used to print the PLGA/HA composite three-dimensional stent biomaterial, and the tensile strength and bending strength of the stent material were tested with reference to GB/T1040 and GB/T9341 to verify its ability to support the proliferation and differentiation of hMSC. The biological evaluation standard (GB/T16886) evaluates the biocompatibility and biosafety of scaffoldmaterials in vitro and in vivo. Results: The porous 3D scaffold made of PLGA/HA composite material was successfully fabricated; the mechanical tensile strength and flexuralstrength of the composite material were 38 MPa and 42 MPa respectively, which were5.35 times and 5.25 times that of normal human cartilage; in vitro cell test It is proved that the 3D scaffold can support the proliferation and differentiation of hMSC into chondrocytes. The results of the biosafety test show that the scaffold meets the national medical device biological evaluation standards.
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Geisler, Chris G., Ho-Lung Li, David M. Wootton, Peter I. Lelkes, and Jack G. Zhou. "Soft Biomaterial Study for 3-D Tissue Scaffold Printing." In ASME 2010 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2010-34274.
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In 3-D scaffold printing, it is critical to find a material that is suitable for your printing method, printing speed, and ease of use. For a biomaterial to best suit solid freeform fabrication techniques, it must: 1) be a low-viscous solution before being printed, 2) involve easily joined on-substrate mixing to form a homogenous gel, 3) have a short solution to gel transition time, 4) be a mechanically strong gel, and 5) have an irreversible gelation processes. Ionic crosslinkable, photocrosslinkable, and thermo-sensitive hydrogels have all been investigated and found to not fully satisfy our every requirement for SFF printing. Ionic crosslinking hydrogels can gel rapidly but tend to involve additional steps for crosslinking like freeze drying, stirring, and shaking, while some form beads, not homogenous gels. Some photocrosslinkable hydrogels would not work due to the concern for viability of cells in initial gel layers receiving copious amount of UV light. Thermosensitive hydrogels meet most of the requirements except that they are reversible gels. A new type of gel that obtains the qualities of a photocrosslinkable and thermosensitive hydrogel satisfies every requirement. A PEG-PLGA-PEG thermosensitive triblock copolymer additionally crosslinked with photocrosslinkable Irgacure 2959 allows for quick transition from solution to gel with a post-processing step utilizing UV light would add additional crosslinks to the gel structure resulting in an irreversible hydrogel.
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Lu, Lin, David Wootton, Peter I. Lelkes, and Jack Zhou. "Study of Structured Porogen Method for Bone Scaffold Fabrication." In ASME 2008 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the 3rd JSME/ASME International Conference on Materials and Processing. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec_icmp2008-72134.
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The increasing demand on bone scaffolds has promoted the development of tissue engineering fabrication technique for manufacturing bone scaffold. In this study, a novel structured porogen method for bone scaffold fabrication has been explored. This method has demonstrated highly efficient and reproducible fabrication of structured bone scaffolds which mimics the bone structure. By using commercially available Drop on Demand (DDP) system and three dimensional printer (3-DP) system, at first designed structured porogens can be manufactured, and then bone scaffolds can be fabricated by injecting the biocomposite materials into the porogens. The mechanical properties of the fabricated scaffolds using DDP system have been characterized. The biocompatibility of our fabricated scaffolds using 3-DP has been examined. With incorporating of bioactive calcium phosphate into the composite materials, the mechanical strength and bioactivity of the scaffolds made by the structured porogen method can be improved significantly. This structured porogen method has a potential to be used on various Solid Freeform Fabrication systems which allows each system to use a single ubiquitous building material to fabricate multiple biomaterial scaffolds with sufficient mechanical integrity.
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Gilchrist, Christopher L., David S. Ruch, Dianne Little, and Farshid Guilak. "Nano-Scale and Micro-Scale Substrate Architectures Direct Collagen Alignment in Tendon Neo-Tissue Formation." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14474.
Full textAbstract:
Biomaterial scaffolds that present defined microenvironmental cues (e.g., nano-topography) to cells have shown promise for a variety of tissue engineering applications. However, the specific cues best suited for promoting the formation of aligned, fibrous tissues such as tendon are not fully understood. In this study, we utilize a micro-photopatterning (μPP) model system to precisely arrange scaffold-mimicking microenvironmental cues and investigate their role in the formation of tendon-like neo-tissues. Our data show that scaffold architectural features at both nano- and micro-length scales may be important parameters for directing tendon-like cell organization and the formation of aligned, fibrillar collagen.
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Harley, Brendan A. C. "Collagen Scaffold-Membrane Composites for Mimicking Orthopedic Interfaces." In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-54026.
Full textAbstract:
Tendons are specialized connective tissues that transmit load between bone and muscle, and whose microstructural and compositional features underlie their function. The biological solution to the problem of connecting relatively compliant tendon to stiffer (∼2 orders of magnitude) bone is a gradient interface zone ∼100μm wide. Over the tendon-bone-junction (TBJ) a linear transition takes place in the ECM inorganic:organic (mineral:collagen) ratio as well as mineral crystallinity from that of tendon to bone. While small TBJ injuries can heal via regeneration, severe defects undergo repair-mediated healing characterized by fibrocartilagenous scar tissue with inferior biomechanical and functional properties. Severe TBJ injuries are common in athletes, the elderly, and following severe craniofacial and extremity trauma. Many tendon injuries (i.e. supraspinatus injuries), particularly those associated with acute trauma, are prone to occur at the TBJ due to high levels of region-specific stress concentrations; rotator cuff tendons injuries, one of the most common TBJ injuries, exhibit re-tears at rates as high as 94%. The scale of such defects and current poor clinical results suggest the need for a biomaterial solution that can mimic the dynamic heterogeneities of the native insertion and tendon body to induce rapid, functional regeneration. Three-dimensional collagen-GAG (CG) scaffolds have been successfully used clinically to regenerate large soft tissue defects (skin, peripheral nerves); they act by mimicking the native extracellular matrix (ECM) of the damaged tissue to prevent wound contraction and scar tissue synthesis. However these scaffolds have not traditionally been used for orthopedics due to an inability to recapitulate two critical features of orthopedic tissues: multiscale structural complexity, biomechanical properties. While the multi-scale properties of tendon itself cannot be currently replicated, nature provides an alternative paradigm: core-shell composites. Plant stems combine a porous core with a dense shell to aid osmotic transport (core) while maintaining sufficient tensile/bending stiffness (shell); many bird beaks use core-shell designs to efficiently enhance compressive strength. Here we describe development of three biomaterial engineering approaches to create the next generation of regeneration templates for tendon insertion injuries: composite, spatially patterned CG biomaterials.
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Khoda, A. K. M. B., and Bahattin Koc. "Functionally Heterogeneous Porous Scaffold Design for Tissue Engineering." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-86927.
Full textAbstract:
Most of the current tissue scaffolds are mainly designed with homogeneous porosity which does not represent the spatial heterogeneity found in actual tissues. Therefore engineering a realistic tissue scaffolds with properly graded properties to facilitate the mimicry of the complex elegance of native tissues are critical for the successful tissue regeneration. In this work, novel bio-mimetic heterogeneous porous scaffolds have been modeled. First, the geometry of the scaffold is extracted along with its internal regional heterogeneity. Then the model has been discretized with planner slices suitable for layer based fabrication. An optimum filament deposition angle has been determined for each slice based on the contour geometry and the internal heterogeneity. The internal region has been discritized considering the homogeneity factor along the deposition direction. Finally, an area weight based approach has been used to generate the spatial porosity function that determines the filament deposition location for desired bio-mimetic porosity. The proposed methodology has been implemented and illustrative examples are provided. The effective porosity has been compared between the proposed design and the conventional homogeneous scaffolds. The result shows a significant error reduction towards achieving the bio-mimetic porosity in the scaffold design and provides better control over the desired porosity level. Moreover, sample designed structures have also been fabricated with a NC motion controlled micro-nozzle biomaterial deposition system.