Relevant bibliographies by topics / Biomechanical limits

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Biomechanical limits'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 2 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Biomechanical limits"

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Roe, Simon. "Understanding the Limits of Biomechanical Testing." Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 31, no. 02 (February 2018): vi—vii. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1637025.

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Karzilov, A. I. "The respiratory system biomechanical homeostasis and its maintenance mechanisms in normal conditions and at obstructive pulmonary diseases." Bulletin of Siberian Medicine 6, no. 1 (March 30, 2007): 13–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.20538/1682-0363-2007-1-13-38.

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Parameters of breathing biomechanics in healthy persons (n = 20), patients with bronchial asthma (n = 30) and chronic obstruc-tive pulmonary disease (n = 30) are analyzed during electrical stimulation of the diaphragm. Methodology of homeostatic parame-ters searching and their classification is offered. Descriptive and comparative analyses are performed. Homeostatic parameters of biomechanics describing the condition of elastic and non -elastic properties of respiratory system, of respiratory muscles, of general pulmonary hysteresis, breathing regulation are differentiated. Basic homeostatic parameter is the ratio of inspiratory capacity to the lungs elastic recoil. The model of lungs with the biomechanical buffer and retractive-elastic- surfactant complex of lungs is offered. Biomechanical homeostasis idea of respiratory system as ability of an organism to support in dynamics balance normal and patho-logical conditions essentially important for preservation of respiratory system biomechanical parameters in admissible limits is for-mulated.
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Weston, Eric B., Alexander Aurand, Jonathan S. Dufour, Gregory G. Knapik, and William S. Marras. "Biomechanically-Determined Guidelines for Occupational Pushing and Pulling." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 61, no. 1 (September 2017): 914–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601708.

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Background: In an attempt to reduce heavy lifting exposures, the manual materials handling burden has shifted towards pushing and pulling. Pushing and pulling may pose a biomechanical risk due to excessive loads placed onto the lumbar spine, particularly in anterior/posterior (A/P) shear (Knapik and Marras 2009). The only risk limits available in the scientific literature for pushing and pulling were psychophysically-determined, relying on the assumption that subjective perception of an individual’s maximum acceptable external forces corresponds to biomechanical tolerance (Snook and Ciriello 1991). However, individuals are unlikely able to sense biomechanical loading on critical tissues in the spine due to the lack of nociceptors in the intervertebral disc (Adams et al. 1996). As such, the objective of this study was to create a set of biomechanically-determined risk limits for occupational pushing and pulling that are protective of the low back. Methods: Sixty-two subjects (31 male, 31 female) performed occupational pushing and pulling tasks in a laboratory. Subjects performed three types of exertions (one-handed pull, two-handed pull, two-handed push) at three handle heights (32 in., 40 in., 48 in.) and in one of two directions (straight or turn). Subjects pushed or pulled on custom-built hand transducers connected to an overhead braking system via a rig while performing each exertion. To document a wide range of pushing and pulling exposures, the braking system incrementally increased the linear or rotational resistance proportional to the subject’s changes from the initial global position throughout each trial; subjects exerted up to a maximum voluntary exertion. Dependent measures consisted of the magnitude and direction of three-dimensional forces recorded at the hands, turning torques, net joint moments calculated at each shoulder, and three-dimensional spinal loads (compression, A/P shear, lateral shear) at the superior and inferior endplates of each spinal level extending from T12/L1 to L5/S1, as calculated by a dynamic EMG-driven biomechanical spine model (Knapik and Marras 2009; Hwang et al. 2016a; Hwang et al. 2016b). Multiple linear regression techniques correlated spinal loads with hand force or turning torque in order to develop biomechanically-determined hand force and turning torque limits. The values for straight two-handed pushing and pulling were also compared to psychophysically-determined thresholds developed by Snook and Ciriello (1991). Results and Discussion: The independent measures (exertion type, handle height, and exertion direction) and their interactions significantly influenced dependent measures of hand force, turning torque, shoulder moment, and spinal load. In agreement with Knapik and Marras (2009), spinal loads most frequently exceeded tissue tolerance limits for spinal loading (NIOSH 1981; Gallagher and Marras 2012) in A/P shear. The biomechanically-determined limits developed from this work are up to 30% lower than the closest psychophysically-derived equivalents (Snook and Ciriello 1991). Conclusion: Psychophysically-derived hand force limits are not protective enough of biomechanical risk imposed onto the lumbar spine during pushing and pulling. The biomechanically-determined pushing and pulling guidelines proposed herein provide a more objective and conservative indication of risk and should be implemented moving forward.
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CHAFFIN, D. B., and G. B. PAGE. "Postural effects on biomechanical and psychophysical weight-lifting limits." Ergonomics 37, no. 4 (April 1994): 663–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00140139408963681.

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Dudley, Robert. "Limits to human locomotor performance: phylogenetic origins and comparative perspectives." Journal of Experimental Biology 204, no. 18 (September 15, 2001): 3235–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.204.18.3235.

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SUMMARYStudies of human exercise physiology have been conducted from a largely ahistorical perspective. This approach usefully elucidates proximate limits to locomotor performance, but ignores potential sources of biomechanical and physiological variation that derive from adaptation to ancestral environments. Phylogenetic reconstruction suggests that multiple hominoid lineages, including that leading to Homo sapiens, evolved in African highlands at altitudes of 1000–2000m. The evolution of human locomotor physiology therefore occurred under conditions of hypobaric hypoxia. In contrast to present-day humans running on treadmills or exercising in otherwise rectilinear trajectories, ancestral patterns of hominid locomotion probably involved intermittent knuckle-walking over variable terrain, occasional bouts of arboreality and an evolving capacity for bipedalism. All such factors represent potential axes of locomotor variation at present unstudied in extant hominoid taxa. As with humans, hummingbirds evolved in mid-montane contexts but pose an extreme contrast with respect to body size, locomotor mode and metabolic capacity. Substantial biomechanical and physiological challenges are associated with flight in hypobaria. Nonetheless, hummingbird lineages demonstrate a progressive invasion of higher elevations and a remarkable tolerance to hypoxia during hovering. Upregulation of aerobic capacity and parallel resistance to hypoxia may represent coupled evolutionary adaptations to flight under high-altitude conditions.
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Dalingwater, John E. "Biomechanical approaches to eurypterid cuticles and chelicerate exoskeletons." Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 76, no. 2-3 (1985): 359–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263593300010567.

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ABSTRACTMicrostructural features of eurypterid cuticles are analysed from a biomechanical viewpoint: some fibrous elements are now considered to resemble the macrofibres of extant arthropod cuticles; possible preferred orientation zones in Mycterops are related to directional stresses; pore canals are not viewed as acting as crack-stoppers but laminae (sensu Dennell 1978) may have served this function. Could some eurypterids have walked on land?—this problem is approached by using extant Limulus as a model. It leads on to the use of scaling exponents to determine the limits that possessing an exoskeleton places on the size of land arthropods: moulting may be the limiting factor. Possible critical factors limiting the size of aquatic arthropods are discussed briefly.
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NOROTTE, GILLES. "THE “PENDULUM LAW” - HOW TO EXPLAIN THE COLUMN SHAPE BASED ON COMMON ANOMALIES? PART II." Coluna/Columna 17, no. 1 (March 2018): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1808-185120181701172494.

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ABSTRACT In Part I, the author defines an organizational law of the body schema: the “pendulum law”, describing an ideal biomechanical structure of the spine. Thus, he shows how the common variations and anomalies, whether isolated or associated, modify the standard biomechanical scheme. The variations of isolated “curl/roll up” of the sacrum. Anomalies of the lumbosacral joint in the sagittal (LSS) and/or rotational (LSR) plan. Anomalies of stabilization of the capsule of the hip joint and the sacro-diaphyseal angle. Specific anomalies with grade 1 spondylolysis (SL). Segmental anomalies of the vertebral discs in flexion (Rx). Associated anomalies (SL + Rx + ASL= Rx). The interest of studying the impact on the vertical construction of the vertebral column, according to the “ideal” scheme is to establish the physiological limits of this gravitational law, to identify the anomalies, to classify schemes and types, and the biomechanical degenerative consequences.
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BABBS, CHARLES F. "A NEW BIOMECHANICAL HEAD INJURY CRITERION." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 06, no. 04 (December 2006): 349–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021951940600200x.

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This paper presents a new analysis of the physics of closed head injury caused by intense acceleration of the head. At rest a 1 cm gap filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) separates the adult human brain from the skull. During impact, whole head acceleration induces artificial gravity within the skull. Because its density differs slightly from that of CSF, the brain accelerates, strikes the inner aspect of the rigid skull, and undergoes viscoelastic deformation. Analytical methods for a lumped parameter model of the brain predict internal brain motions that correlate well with published high-speed photographic studies. The same methods predict a truncated hyperbolic strength-duration curve for impacts that produce a given critical compressive strain. A family of such curves exists for different critical strains. Each truncated hyperbolic curve defines a head injury criterion (HIC) or threshold for injury, which is little changed by small offsetting corrections for curvature of the brain and for viscous damping. Such curves predict results of experimental studies of closed head injury, known limits for safe versus dangerous falls, and the relative resistance of smaller versus larger animals to acceleration of the head. The underlying theory provides improved understanding of closed head injury and better guidance to designers of protective equipment and to those extrapolating research results from animals to man.
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Behjati, Mohamad, and Navid Arjmand. "Biomechanical Assessment of the NIOSH Lifting Equation in Asymmetric Load-Handling Activities Using a Detailed Musculoskeletal Model." Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 61, no. 2 (September 17, 2018): 191–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018720818795038.

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Objective: To assess adequacy of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Lifting Equation (NLE) in controlling lumbar spine loads below their recommended action limits during asymmetric load-handling activities using a detailed musculoskeletal model, that is, the AnyBody Modeling System. Background: The NIOSH committee employed simplistic biomechanical models for the calculation of the spine compressive loads with no estimates of the shear loads. It is therefore unknown whether the NLE would adequately control lumbar compression and shear loads below their recommended action limits during asymmetric load-handling activities. Method: Twenty-four static stoop lifting tasks at different load asymmetry angles, heights, and horizontal distances were performed by one normal-weight (70 kg) and one obese (93 kg) individual. For each task, the recommended weight limit computed by the NLE and body segment angles measured by a video-camera system (VICON) were prescribed in the participant-specific models developed in the AnyBody Modeling System that estimated spinal loads. Results: For both individuals, the NLE adequately controlled L5-S1 loads below their recommended action limits for all activities performed in upright postures. Both individuals, however, experienced compressive and/or shear L5-S1 loads beyond the recommended action limits when lifting was performed near the floor with large load asymmetry. Conclusion: The NLE failed to control spinal loads below the recommended limits during asymmetric lifting tasks performed near the floor. Application: The NLE should be used with caution for extreme tasks involving load handling near the floor with large load asymmetry.
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Kovacı, Halim, Ali Fatih Yetim, and Ayhan Çelik. "Biomechanical analysis of spinal implants with different rod diameters under static and fatigue loads: an experimental study." Biomedical Engineering / Biomedizinische Technik 64, no. 3 (May 27, 2019): 339–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bmt-2017-0236.

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Abstract Spinal implants are commonly used in the treatment of spinal disorders or injuries. However, the biomechanical analyses of them are rarely investigated in terms of both biomechanical and clinical perspectives. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of rod diameter on the biomechanical behavior of spinal implants and to make a comparison among them. For this purpose, three spinal implants composed of pedicle screws, setscrews and rods, which were manufactured from Ti6Al4V, with diameters of 5.5 mm, 6 mm and 6.35 mm were used and a bilateral vertebrectomy model was applied to spinal systems. Then, the obtained spinal systems were tested under static tension-compression and fatigue (dynamic compression) conditions. Also, failure analyses were performed to investigate the fatigue behavior of spinal implants. After static tension-compression and fatigue tests, it was found that the yield loads, stiffness values, load carrying capacities and fatigue performances of spinal implants enhanced with increasing spinal rod diameter. In comparison to spinal implants with 5.5 mm rods, the fatigue limits of implants showed 13% and 33% improvements in spinal implants having 6 mm and 6.35 mm rods, respectively. The highest static and fatigue test results were obtained from spinal implants having 6.35 mm rods among the tested implants. Also, it was observed that the increasing yield load and stiffness values caused an increase in the fatigue limits of spinal implants.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Biomechanical limits"

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Bowtell, Mark Vincent. "Biomechanical limits to running speed in humans." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.519517.

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Reinert, Senia Smoot. "Enhancing Posturography Stabilization Analysis and Limits of Stability Assessment." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1470227622.

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Kučera, Jonáš. "Normativní požadavky na činnost zádržných systémů vozidel." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232513.

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This diploma thesis deals with the normative requirements on the activities of restraint systems. It includes biomechanical limits of the human body, restraint systems, description of the principle of their action and legislation. Legislation, particularly regulations of ECE and EC directives defines the normative requirements on the activity of restraint systems in the context of the approval process. There are described two types of restraint systems: seat belts and airbags in details. There are created simulations of crashtests and reviewed influence of using restraint systems on elimination of negative phenomenon of car accidents.
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Gustås, Pia. "A biomechanical study on the hoof impact at the trot /." Uppsala : Dept. of Anatomy and Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2005. http://epsilon.slu.se/200550.pdf.

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Flick, Kevin Charles. "Biomechanics and dynamics of turning /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5221.

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Capo-Lugo, Carmen Enid. "Neuromechanical Factors That Limit Walking Speed in Individuals with Post-Stroke Hemiparesis." Thesis, Northwestern University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3626475.

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Individuals, post-stroke, present with an array of changes to the neuromuscular system function such as muscle weakness and abnormal muscle activation patterns. Different combinations of these and other altered body functions result in limitations in functional mobility, such as reduced gait speed and high risk for falls. In this series of studies, I developed a deeper understanding of how neuromechanical factors may limit the fastest speed that an individual post-stroke can reach before they are unable to move any faster without losing balance. I conducted three studies. In the first study, my results showed that, after stroke, individuals have the capacity to walk at faster speeds than their overground self-selected maximum walking speed, while walking on a treadmill and when provided horizontal assistance using a robotic device. In the second study, I showed that non-impaired individuals modulated the amplitude and phasing of muscle activity according to the requirements brought about by the existence of horizontal assistive forces during walking at progressively faster speeds. Finally, in the third study I showed that individuals post-stroke also were able to modulate amplitude and phasing of muscle activity in both legs, according to the requirements brought about by the existence of horizontal assistive forces during walking at progressively faster speeds. However, the paretic leg was more responsive to horizontal assistive forces than the non-paretic leg. The understanding gained through these studies provide novel insights regarding the capabilities of individuals with post-stroke hemiparesis to adapt their existing impaired neuromuscular mechanisms into more challenging walking tasks. Each study leads to ideas for the development of potentially more effective rehabilitation protocols targeted at the modulation of amplitude and phasing of muscle activity in order to safely achieve faster walking speeds.

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Davies, Nocole J. "Advancing problem solving at the limits of animal locomotion : rules, tools and the clarification of the biomechanics of the extinct Thecodontosaurus antiquus." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.441313.

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Rhodin, Marie. "A biomechanical analysis of relationship between the head and neck position, vertebral column and limbs in the horse at walk and trot /." Uppsala : Dept. of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2008. http://epsilon.slu.se/20081.pdf.

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Ardatov, Oleg. "Apatinių galūnių įtvarų ilgaamžiškumo tyrimas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2012. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2012~D_20120726_163924-05619.

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Baigiamajame magistro darbe yra atliekamas apatinių galūnių įtvarų ilgaamžiškumo tyrimas. Yra iškeliama čiurnos sąnario įtvarų patvarumo problema ir sudaroma jos sprendimo metodika. Darbe yra atliekama čiurnos sąnario biomechanikos analizė, įtvarų konstrukcijų ir medžiagų analizė, nagrinėjama ilgaamžiškumo reikšmė ir tyrimo būdai. Sudaroma tyrimo metodika. Kompiuterinio modeliavimo būdu, panaudojant SolidWorks programinę įrangą, yra sudaromas įtvaro modelis, nustatomos veikiančios apkrovos, atliekami įtempių ir poslinkių pasiskirstymo tyrimai. Atliekami modelio nuovargio bandymai. Atsižvelgiant į tyrimų rezultatus, yra sudaromi įtvarų iš aukštos temperatūros plastikų tinkamo pritaikymo nurodymai. Pateikiamos išvados ir literatūros sąrašas.
Final thesis presents the research of durability of lower limbs splints. The problem of fatigue behaviour of ankle joint splint is raised and its solution is suggested. Final thesis contains ankle joint biomechanics analysis, lower limbs splints design and material analysis. Review of durability research methods is also done. The methodology of research is arranged. Using the computer aided modeling with SolidWorks software the model of ankle joint splint is created. Load parameters are determined, research of stresses and deformations are performed. Fatigue test is also performed. Due to the results of research, the instructions for ankle joint splints made of high density polyethylene and polypropylene use and adaptation are listed. Final thesis also contains conclusions and list of literature. Size of work – 77 pages of text without attachments, 55 pictures, 9 tables and 25 bibliographical sources.
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Mettler, Jeff H. "THE EFFECTS OF A HIP FLEXOR STRETCHING PROGRAM ON RUNNING KINEMATICS IN INDIVIDUALS WITH LIMITED PASSIVE HIP EXTENSION." UKnowledge, 2016. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/khp_etds/35.

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INTRODUCTION: Tightness of the hip flexor muscle group may contribute to altered sagittal plane kinematics of the lumbo-pelvic-hip (LPH) complex during dynamic movements. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of a three-week home-based stretching program on passive hip extension (PHE), as well as on active hip extension (AHE), anterior pelvic tilt (APT), and lumbar spine extension (LSE) when running. METHODS: Twenty healthy subjects with limited PHE underwent a 3D gait analysis both prior (PRE) and following (POST) a three-week static hip flexor stretching program. RESULTS: Following the stretching program, peak PHE increased significantly (P < 0.001), while no significant improvements were reported in AHE, APT, or LSE. In addition, no relationship was found between the change in PHE with either the change in AHE, APT, or LSE. Finally, a high relationship was observed between AHE and APT during running (r = 0.83, p < 0.001), and low relationships were observed between APT and LSE (r = -0.41, p = 0.08) and AHE and LSE (r = -0.34, p = 0.15). CONCLUSION: A three-week static stretching program of the hip flexor musculature resulted in an increase in PHE, but the sagittal plane kinematics of the LPH complex during running remained unchanged. The correlations observed between AHE, APT, and LSE suggest there is a kinematic relationship between the hip, pelvis, and spine.
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Books on the topic "Biomechanical limits"

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Pitkin, Mark R. Biomechanics of lower limb prosthetics. Heidelberg: Springer, 2010.

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Katachi to ugoki no tankyū. Tōkyō: Tōkyō Daigaku Shuppankai, 2000.

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Seitai no butsuri undō tokusei o motomete. Tōkyō: Tōkyō Daigaku Shuppankai, 2002.

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Dejan, Popović, and Stein Richard B. 1940-, eds. Nonanalytical methods for motor control. Singapore: World Scientific, 1995.

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Gasser, T. Christian. Physical processes in the vessel. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198755777.003.0003.

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Evolution has developed a complex cardiovascular system, the analysis of which involves many physical disciplines. Specifically, cardiovascular function critically depends on the proper interaction between blood and the vessel wall, such that haemodynamics-based biomechanical factors are a common denominator of cardiovascular pathologies. This chapter reviews biomechanics-related physical processes in the vessel. Specifically, mechanical load transition mechanisms in blood and the vessel wall, blood-wall interaction phenomena, as well as simple analytical solutions to Newton’s second law of mechanics are discussed. Albeit that such simple analytical relations are very useful when exploring physical processes in the vasculature, their application is limited and cardiovascular analysis often requires more advanced computational methods so as to draw conclusions from Newton’s law. Most important, the proper application of either simple or more advanced physical models requires close interaction between engineering and medical disciplines.
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Pitkin, Mark R. Biomechanics of Lower Limb Prosthetics. Springer, 2014.

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Young, Brian A., Phillip S. Sizer, and Miles Day. Thoracic Facet Dysfunction/Costotransverse Joint Pathology. Edited by Mehul J. Desai. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199350940.003.0010.

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The thoracic facet and costotransverse joints are often implicated as the source of thoracic pain, yet definitive diagnostic and treatment guidance is significantly limited. This chapter reviews the anatomy, innervation, and biomechanics of these joints, as well as associated pathology. Definitive innervation of the posterior primary rami has yet to be established, and significant pain pattern overlap between the thoracic facet joint, costotransverse joints, and visceral referral patterns, as well as the limitations of current biomechanics, challenge the clinician’s ability to examine pain of suspected thoracic origin. The use of clinical reasoning in the absence of definitive diagnostic and treatment approaches is necessary to optimize outcomes in patients with pain of suspected thoracic musculoskeletal origin. A progression from noninvasive to minimally invasive to interventional techniques may be warranted based on the patient’s response to treatment.
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Kino no kaiseki to sono kaifuku (Baiomekanizumu). Baiomekanizumu Gakkai, 1988.

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Lories, Rik J., and Georg Schett. Pathology: bone. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198734444.003.0010.

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Axial spondyloarthritis is associated with different types of skeletal damage. Inflammation at the affected sites is linked with both loss of trabecular bone and new bone formation on the cortical side, potentially leading to joint or spine ankylosis. Both aspects of the disease can result in a significant burden for the patient. Bone loss is directly linked to proinflammatory cytokines and activation of osteoclasts. Control of inflammation is therefore the best strategy to prevent loss of bone. The nature of the new bone formation process is less defined. A prominent role for developmental signalling pathways has been proposed. Current therapies have limited or no impact on this process. However, emerging data suggest that early control of disease activity may be part of a window of opportunity to prevent structural damage, as biomechanical factors and instability following inflammation may also play a role.
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Treiber, Kyle. Biosocial Criminology and Models of Criminal Decision Making. Edited by Wim Bernasco, Jean-Louis van Gelder, and Henk Elffers. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199338801.013.4.

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This chapter explores how integrating the science of criminal decision making and contemporary biosocial criminology can benefit our understanding of why people make criminal action decisions and the role of biological factors. It reviews relevant biosocial findings but argues that efforts to link them to criminal decision making are limited by the lack of a strong model of the action process. It then compares how key components of this process—motivation, perception, and choice—are portrayed in models of criminal decision making with what is currently known about their biomechanics. It concludes that models of criminal decision making would benefit from the integration of evidence from the biological sciences and that some common assumptions may need to be reconsidered. It argues that biosocial criminology would benefit from a stronger, more biologically informed model of criminal decision making, which could better explain the role of biological factors in crime causation.
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Book chapters on the topic "Biomechanical limits"

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Cordey, J. R., and S. M. Perren. "Limits of Plate on Bone Friction in Internal Fixation of Fractures." In Biomechanics: Basic and Applied Research, 393–98. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3355-2_53.

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Mummolo, Carlotta, and Giulia Vicentini. "Limits of Dynamic Postural Stability with a Segmented Foot Model." In Lecture Notes in Computational Vision and Biomechanics, 256–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43195-2_21.

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McClymont, Juliet, and Robin H. Crompton. "Repetition Without Repetition: A Comparison of the Laetoli G1, Ileret, Namibian Holocene and Modern Human Footprints Using Pedobarographic Statistical Parametric Mapping." In Reading Prehistoric Human Tracks, 41–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60406-6_3.

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AbstractIt is traditionally held that early hominins of the genusAustralopithecushad a foot transitional in function between that of the other great apes and our own but that the appearance of genusHomowas marked by evolution of an essentially biomechanically modern foot, as well as modern body proportions. Here, we report the application of whole foot, pixel-wise topological statistical analysis, to compare four populations of footprints from across evolutionary time:Australopithecusat Laetoli (3.66 Ma, Tanzania), early AfricanHomofrom Ileret (1.5 Ma, Kenya) and recent modern (presumptively habitually barefoot) pastoralistHomo sapiensfrom Namibia (Holocene), with footprints from modern Western humans. Contrary to some previous analyses, we find that only limited areas of the footprints show any statistically significant difference in footprint depth (used here as an analogy for plantar pressure). A need for this comparison was highlighted by recent studies using the same statistical approach, to examine variability in the distribution of foot pressure in modern Western humans. This study revealed very high intra-variability (mean square error) step-to-step in over 500 steps. This result exemplifies the fundamental movement characteristic of dynamic biological systems, whereby regardless of the repetition in motor patterns for stepping, and even when constrained by experimental conditions, each step is unique or non-repetitive; hence, repetition without repetition. Thus, the small sample sizes predominant in the fossil and ichnofossil record do not reveal the fundamental neurobiological driver of locomotion (variability), essentially limiting our ability to make reliable interpretations which might be extrapolated to interpret hominin foot function at a population level. However, our need for conservatism in our conclusions does not equate with a conclusion that there has been functional stasis in the evolution of the hominin foot.
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"Introduction to Biomechanics." In Biomechanics of the Upper Limbs. CRC Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203484869.ch1.

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"Introduction to Biomechanics." In Biomechanics of the Upper Limbs, 35–62. CRC Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b11547-7.

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De Pasquale, Giorgio. "Biomechanical Energy Harvesting." In Wearable Technologies, 578–627. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5484-4.ch026.

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Portable electronic systems and wearable sensor networks are offering increasing opportunities in fields like healthcare, medicine, sport, human-machine interfacing and data sharing. The technological research is looking for innovative design solutions able to improve performances and portability of wearable systems. The power supply strategy is crucial to improve lifetime, reduce maintenance, preserve the environment and reduce costs of smart distributed electronic systems applied to the body. The conversion of biomechanical energy of limbs and joints to electricity has the potential to solve much of the actual limitations. The design and building of wearable energy harvesters for wearable applications require different approaches respect to traditional vibratory energy harvesters. This chapter focuses on transduction materials, modeling strategies, experimental setups, and data analysis for the design of biomechanical energy harvesters; a case study based on system integration and miniaturization is also described for applications in the field of human-machines interfacing.
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De Pasquale, Giorgio. "Biomechanical Energy Harvesting." In Innovative Materials and Systems for Energy Harvesting Applications, 290–340. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8254-2.ch011.

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Portable electronic systems and wearable sensor networks are offering increasing opportunities in fields like healthcare, medicine, sport, human-machine interfacing and data sharing. The technological research is looking for innovative design solutions able to improve performances and portability of wearable systems. The power supply strategy is crucial to improve lifetime, reduce maintenance, preserve the environment and reduce costs of smart distributed electronic systems applied to the body. The conversion of biomechanical energy of limbs and joints to electricity has the potential to solve much of the actual limitations. The design and building of wearable energy harvesters for wearable applications require different approaches respect to traditional vibratory energy harvesters. This chapter focuses on transduction materials, modeling strategies, experimental setups, and data analysis for the design of biomechanical energy harvesters; a case study based on system integration and miniaturization is also described for applications in the field of human-machines interfacing.
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Erverdi, Nejat, Mustafa Burhan Ateş, and Melih Motro. "Expanding the Limits for Esthetic Strategies by Skeletal Anchorage." In Esthetics and Biomechanics in Orthodontics, 391–410. Elsevier, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4557-5085-6.00019-9.

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de Souza, Euzébio D., and Eduardo José Lima II. "Autonomic Computing in a Biomimetic Algorithm for Robots Dedicated to Rehabilitation of Ankle." In Robotic Systems, 955–68. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1754-3.ch047.

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Human mobility is the key element of everyday life, its reduction or loss deeply affects daily activities. In assisted rehabilitation, robotic devices have focuses on the biomechanics of motor control. However, biomechanics does not study the neurological and physiological processes related to normal gait. Biomimetics combined with biomechanics, can generate a more efficient stimulation of the motor cortex and the locomotor system. The highest efficiency obtained through torque generation models, based on the physiological response of muscles and bones to reaction forces, together with control techniques based on autonomic computation. An autonomic control algorithm has a self-adjusting behaviour, ensuring patient safety and robot operation without the continuous monitoring of the physiotherapist. Thus, this work will identify the elements that characterize the physiological stimuli related to normal human gait, focusing on the ankle joint, aiming the development of biomimetic algorithms for robots for rehabilitation of the lower limbs.
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"The Office Environment." In Biomechanics of the Upper Limbs. CRC Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203484869.ch10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Biomechanical limits"

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Careme, L. M. M. "Biomechanical Tolerance Limits of the Cranio-Cervical Junction in Side Impacts." In SAE International Congress and Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/890383.

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Miller, Ross H., Brian R. Umberger, Joseph Hamill, and Graham E. Caldwell. "Dynamic Optimization of Maximum-Effort Human Sprinting." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-205781.

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Maximum speed is an important parameter for sprinting humans, particularly in athletic competitions. While the biomechanics of sprinting have been well-studied [1–3], our understanding of biomechanical limits to maximum speed is still in its infancy. Previous studies have suggested a speed-limiting role for the force-velocity relationship of skeletal muscle [2], but these theories are difficult to verify experimentally due to the difficulty in observing and manipulating human muscle dynamics in vivo.
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Elliott, Novak S. J. "Cerebrospinal Fluid-Structure Interactions: The Development of Mathematical Models Accessible to Clinicians." In ASME 2014 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2014-29096.

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Physical scientists work with clinicians on biomechanical problems, yet the predictive capabilities of mathematical models often remain elusive to clinical collaborators. This is due to both conceptual differences in the research methodologies of each discipline, and the perceived complexity of even simple models. This limits expert medical input, affecting the applicability of the results. Moreover, a lack of understanding undermines the medical practitioner’s confidence in modeling predictions, hampering its clinical application. In this paper we consider the disease syringomyelia, which involves the fluid-structure interaction of pressure vessels and pipes, as a paradigm of the nexus between the modeling approaches of physical scientists and clinicians. The observations made are broadly applicable to cross-disciplinary research between engineers and non-technical specialists, such as may occur in academic-industrial collaborations.
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Olberding, Joseph E., and Jun-Kyo Francis Suh. "Validation Studies for the Dual Optimization of Indentation Creep and Stress Relaxation of Biological Soft Tissues Using Biphasic Poroviscoelasticity: Potential Method for Brain Tissue." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-60187.

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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is highly fatal and has profound physical and psychological repercussions for survivors. Knowledge of the precise material properties of brain tissue is crucial in developing holistic computational models to predict and prevent TBI. Despite the recent proliferation of material models of brain tissue, none have utilized porous media theory to explicitly include the significant fluid component of the hydrated soft tissue. Furthermore, the delicate composition of brain tissue limits the number of suitable biomechanical testing methodologies. In order to incorporate these considerations, in situ indentation creep and stress relaxation tests and linear biphasic poroviscoelasticity (BPVE) [1] were proposed to characterize the material properties of cerebral brain tissue. The objective of the present study was to evaluate these experimental and computational protocols in which the data from indentation creep and stress relaxation tests were simultaneously curve-fitted using a dual-optimization technique to determine the material parameters of the linear BPVE model.
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Piovesan, Davide, Alberto Pierobon, and Ferdinando A. Mussa-Ivaldi. "Third-Order Muscle Models: The Role of Oscillatory Behavior in Force Control." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-88081.

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This paper presents the analysis of a third-order linear differential equation representing a muscle-tendon system, including the identification of critical damping conditions. We analytically verified that this model is required for a faithful representation of muscle-skeletal muscles and provided numerical examples using the biomechanical properties of muscles and tendon reported in the literature. We proved the existence of a theoretical threshold for the ratio between tendon and muscle stiffness above which critical damping can never be achieved, thus resulting in an oscillatory free response of the system, independently of the value of the damping. Oscillation of the limb can be compensated only by active control, which requires creating an internal model of the limb mechanics. We demonstrated that, when admissible, over-damping of the muscle-tendon system occurs for damping values included within a finite interval between two separate critical limits. The same interval is a semi-infinite region in second-order models. Moreover, an increase in damping beyond the second critical point rapidly brings the system to mechanical instability.
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DeVries, Nicole A., Anup A. Gandhi, Douglas C. Fredericks, Joseph D. Smucker, and Nicole M. Grosland. "In Vitro Study of the C2-C7 Sheep Cervical Spine." In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53167.

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Due to the limited availability of human cadaveric specimens, animal models are often utilized for in vitro studies of various spinal disorders and surgical techniques. Sheep spines have similar geometry, disc space, and lordosis as compared to humans [1,2]. Several studies have identified the geometrical similarities between the sheep and human spine; however these studies have been limited to quantifying the anatomic dimensions as opposed to the biomechanical responses [2–3]. Although anatomical similarities are important, biomechanical correspondence is imperative to understand the effects of disorders, surgical techniques, and implant designs. Some studies [3–5] have focused on experimental biomechanics of the sheep cervical functional spinal units (FSUs). Szotek and colleagues [1] studied the biomechanics of compression and impure flexion-extension for the C2-C7 intact sheep spine. However, to date, there is no comparison of the sheep spine using pure flexion-extension, lateral bending, or axial rotation moments for multilevel specimen. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to conduct in vitro testing of the intact C2-C7 sheep cervical spine.
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Maikos, Jason, Ragi Elias, Zhen Qian, Dimitris Metaxas, and David Shreiber. "In Vivo Tissue-Level Thresholds for Spinal Cord Injury." In ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2007-176670.

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Traumatic loading conditions, such as those experienced during car accidents or falls, can lead to spinal cord injury (SCI), resulting in permanent functional damage [1]. A better understanding of the biomechanical causes of SCI and knowledge of the tolerance of spinal cord tissue to mechanical loading is critical in understanding how mechanisms of injury lead to neurologic deficits, as well as designing methods to prevent SCI. Finite element analysis (FEA) has become an important and cost effective tool to investigate the biomechanics of trauma. FEA has been used to study a variety of biomechanical analyses of trauma, including brain injury and spine injury biomechanics, but there have been limited analyses on spinal cord injury (SCI) [2–5]. In fact, despite the prevalence of small animal models in the neuroscience community used to study SCI, there have been no published analyses of in vivo models of SCI.
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DeVries, Nicole A., Nicole A. Kallemeyn, Kiran H. Shivanna, and Nicole M. Grosland. "A Finite Element Analysis of the C2-C7 Sheep Spine." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19301.

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Due to the limited availability of human cadaveric specimens, sheep are often utilized for in vitro studies of various spinal disorders and surgical techniques. Understanding the similarities and differences between the human and sheep spine is crucial for constructing a valuable study and interpreting the results. Several studies have identified the anatomical similarities between the sheep and human spine; however these studies have been limited to quantifying the anatomic dimensions as opposed to the biomechanical responses [1–2]. Although anatomical similarities are important, biomechanical correspondence is imperative for studying the effects of disorders, surgical techniques, and implant designs. Studies by Wilke and colleagues [3] and Clarke et al. [4] have focused on experimental biomechanics of the sheep cervical functional spinal units (FSUs).
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Jun, Bong Jae, Joo Han Oh, Michelle H. McGarry, Akash Gupta, Kyung Chil Chung, James Hwang, and Thay Q. Lee. "Restoration of Shoulder Biomechanics in the Massive Rotator Cuff Tear According to Degree of Repair Completion." In ASME 2010 5th Frontiers in Biomedical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/biomed2010-32049.

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The development of new instruments and surgical techniques has improved the outcome of rotator cuff repair even with massive tears. Based on cuff integrity or amount of retraction with massive cuff tears a complete repair may not be possible allowing for only partial repair. The ability to mobilize the cuff to the footprint can affect the degree of partial repair that can be performed. Partial repair may lead to abnormal biomechanics that may predispose patients to limited function and subsequent pathology following rotator cuff repair. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to compare the biomechanical characteristics of massive rotator cuff repair according to the degree of repair completion and to determine a minimum degree of repair required to restore normal biomechanics.
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Tan, X. Gary, Robert N. Saunders, and Amit Bagchi. "Validation of a Full Porcine Finite Element Model for Blast Induced TBI Using a Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian Approach." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-70611.

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Current understanding of blast induced traumatic brain injury (TBI) mechanisms is incomplete and limits the development of protective and therapeutic measures. Animal testing has been used as a surrogate for human testing. The correlation of animals to human responses is not well understood with a limited set of experimental data, because of ethical concerns and cost of live animal tests. The validated computational animal models can be used to supplement and improve the granularity of available data at a significantly reduced cost. A whole-body porcine high-fidelity computational model was developed based on the image data. The hyper-viscoelastic model was used for soft tissues to capture the rate dependence and large strain nonlinearity of the material. The shock wave interaction with a porcine subject in a shock tube was simulated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models, via a combination of 1-D, 2-D and 3-D numerical techniques. The shock wave loads were applied to the exterior of the porcine finite element (FE) model to simulate the pressure wave transmission through the body and capture its biomechanical response. The CFD and FE problems are solved using the explicit Eulerian and Lagrangian solvers, respectively, in the DoD Open Source code CoBi. The computational models were validated by comparing the simulation results with experimental data at specific instrumented locations. The predicted brain tissue stress-strain fields were used to determine the areas susceptible to blast induced TBI by using published mechanical injury thresholds. The validated porcine model can be used to better understand TBI and how injury in animals corresponds to injury in humans. The coupled Eurlerian and Lagrangian approaches developed in this paper can be extended to other simulations to improve the solution accuracy.
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