Journal articles: 'Biomechanika'

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STRAUS, Jiří, and Jiří JONÁK. "Predikce tělesné výšky osoby ze stop lokomoce." Forenzní vědy, právo, kriminalistika 6, no. 2 (2021): 141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.37355/fvpk-2021/2-03.

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V článku jsou prezentovány možnosti predikce tělesné výšky osoby podle rozměrů nohy nebo parametrů chůze. Forenzní biomechanika umožňuje studovat především trasologické stopy lokomoce, které byly dosud v kriminalistice na okraji zájmu. Trasologické stopy bipedální lokomoce jsou typickým představitelem stop, které odrážejí funkční a dynamické vlastnosti působícího objektu a je možné z těchto stop dekódovat biomechanický obsah. Tělesná výška je jednou ze základních charakteristik, která slouží k identifikaci osoby. V článku jsou uvedeny vztahy pro predikci tělesné výšky z délky nohy nebo délky kroku a dvojkroku.

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Griškevičius, Julius, and Jurgita Žižienė. "RESEARCH OF UPPER LIMB BIOMECHANICS OF SUBJECTS WITH PARKINSON‘S DISEASE AND ESSENTIAL TREMMOR / SERGANČIŲJŲ PARKINSONO IR ESENCIALINIO TREMORO LIGA VIRŠUTINĖS GALŪNĖS BIOMECHANIKOS TYRIMAS." Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 5, no. 6 (December 31, 2013): 587–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2013.93.

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Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative diseasewith symptoms of bradykinesia, rest tremor, rigidity and posturalinstability. PL is diagnosed by a clinician who qualitativelyevaluates patient’s visible symptoms during a physical exam. Inaddition, differentiating PD from essential tremor (ET) can bechallenging because their clinical symptoms are similar. Oncediagnosed, only qualitative tools such as the UPDRS are availableto monitor symptom severity and disease progression. Thepurpose of this study is to evaluate the changes of biomechanicalparameters of upper limb of subjects diagnosed either PD or ET,estimate differences and compare them with healthy subjectsin facilitate a creation of an additional instrumental clinical assessmentof PD subjects via biomechanical evaluation of motorfunction tool and develop methods and indices for differentiatingPD from ET. Santrauka Parkinsono liga (PL) yra lėtinė progresuojanti neurologinė liga, kuri išoriškai pasireiškia galvos bei galūnių drebėjimu, judesių sulėtėjimu, sukaustymu ir eisenos pasikeitimu. Esencialinis tremoras – laipsniškai progresuojanti liga, kuriai būdingas nevalingas kūno dalies drebėjimas. Tai daug dažnesnė būklė negu PL judėjimo sutrikimas. Neretai ankstyvoje ligos stadijoje šios abi patologinės būklės yra painiojamos. Šio straipsnio tikslas yra įvertinti žmonių, sergančių Parkinsono liga ir esencialiniu tremoru, viršutinės galūnės biomechanikos parametrų pokyčius, skirtumus ir palyginti juos su sveiko žmogaus viršutinės galūnės biomechanika.

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Kántor, Kristóf, Klára Benyó, and János Bihari. "Kisegítő berendezés ergonómiai szempontjai." Multidiszciplináris Tudományok 10, no. 2 (February 21, 2020): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.35925/j.multi.2020.2.2.

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A berendezés alkalmazási területe miatt szükséges ergonómiai vizsgálat lépéseit mutatom be. A téma multidiszciplináris volta miatt az alapvető ergonómiai szempontokon túlmenően, a biomechanika és az autóipari szabványok, ajánlások területét is érintve a tervezéshez használható elveket, útmutatásokat készítek.

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STRAUS, Jiří. "Biomechanika zatížení hlavy dítěte při třesení nebo pádu." Forenzní vědy, právo, kriminalistika 6, no. 1 (May 2021): 6–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.37355/fvpk-2021/1-01.

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Shaken baby syndrome je nejčastěji způsoben prudkým třesením a cloumáním s kojencem nebo malým dítětem, přičemž nezáleží na tom, za jakou část těla dítěte je cloumáno a třeseno, za nohy, ruce, hrudník či ramena. Prudké třesení může mít za následek poškození mozku (které vede až k mentální retardaci, poruchám řeči nebo učení), paralýzu, epileptické záchvaty, ztrátu sluchu nebo dokonce smrt. Může také způsobit krvácení do mozku nebo v okolí očí s následkem slepoty. V příspěvku jsou uvedeny výsledky experimentů, které byly provedeny s biomechanickým modelem kojence. Autor uvádí hodnoty zrychlení hlavy, které dosáhli probandi průměrné výkonnosti. Potvrdila se hypotéza, že třesením v krátkém časovém úseku po dobu několika sekund je člověk schopen způsobit přetížení, které dosahuje kritické hranice pro přežití při vnitřním poranění hlavy poškodit dítě.

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Szendrői, Miklós. "Két éve halt meg az ortopédiához kapcsolódó biomechanika hazai úttörője. Krakovits Gábor professzor (1934–2016)." Orvosi Hetilap 159, no. 11 (March 2018): 445–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/650.2018.ho2595.

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Arcabas, Kipras, Laurynas Viduolis, and Alfredas Smailys. "KLUBO SĄNARIŲ PAVIRŠIŲ ATNAUJINIMO OPERACIJA: INDIKACIJOS, KONTRAINDIKACIJOS, REZULTATAI IR KOMPLIKACIJOS." Health Sciences 32, no. 1 (January 26, 2022): 182–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.35988/sm-hs.2022.037.

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Sąnarinių paviršių atnaujinimo operacijos atliekamos esant artrozės pažeistam klubo sąnariui. Ši artroplastikos procedūra skiriasi nuo įprastinio klubo sąnario protezavimo, nes išsaugoma sąnario kaulinė struktūra ir anatomija: paliekamas šlaunikaulio kaklas, pritaikomi komponentai pagal įgimtus sąnario paviršiaus diametrus, todėl nepakinta kojos ilgis ir biomechanika. Manoma, jog taip geriau atkuriama sąnario funkcija, lyginant su įprastiniu endoprotezavimu. Pacientai greitai grįžta į aktyvią veiklą, net profesionalųjį sportą. Ši pažangi operacija netapo pirmaeiliu klubo sąnario artrozės chirurginio gydymo būdu dėl ribotų indikacijų, išskirtinų komplikacijų ir pooperacinių rezultatų. Dėl operacijos technikos ir protezo savybių operacija gali komplikuotis šlaunikaulio kaklo lūžiu ar aplinkinių audinių pseudotumoru, kuris formuojasi dėl aplinkinių minkštųjų audinių reakcijos į metalo jonus, susidarančius trinantis metaliniams komponentų paviršiams. Šios komplikacijos dažnesnės vyresnio amžiaus pacientams, ypač moterims. Paviršių atnaujinimo operacija indikuotina tik jauniems, aktyviems vyrams, kurių gera kaulo kokybė. Ši operacija turi konkrečią šiandieninio chirurginio klubo sąnario artrozės gydymo poziciją.

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Ortiz-Padilla, Vanessa E., Mauricio A. Ramírez-Moreno, Gerardo Presbítero-Espinosa, Ricardo A. Ramírez-Mendoza, and Jorge de J. Lozoya-Santos. "Survey on Video-Based Biomechanics and Biometry Tools for Fracture and Injury Assessment in Sports." Applied Sciences 12, no. 8 (April 14, 2022): 3981. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12083981.

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This work presents a survey literature review on biomechanics, specifically aimed at the study of existent biomechanical tools through video analysis, in order to identify opportunities for researchers in the field, and discuss future proposals and perspectives. Scientific literature (journal papers and conference proceedings) in the field of video-based biomechanics published after 2010 were selected and discussed. The most common application of the study of biomechanics using this technique is sports, where the most reported applications are american football, soccer, basketball, baseball, jumping, among others. These techniques have also been studied in a less proportion, in ergonomy, and injury prevention. From the revised literature, it is clear that biomechanics studies mainly focus on the analysis of angles, speed or acceleration, however, not many studies explore the dynamical forces in the joints. The development of video-based biomechanic tools for force analysis could provide methods for assessment and prediction of biomechanical force associated risks such as injuries and fractures. Therefore, it is convenient to start exploring this field. A few case studies are reported, where force estimation is performed via manual tracking in different scenarios. This demonstration is carried out using conventional manual tracking, however, the inclusion of similar methods in an automated manner could help in the development of intelligent healthcare, force prediction tools for athletes and/or elderly population. Future trends and challenges in this field are also discussed, where data availability and artificial intelligence models will be key to proposing new and more reliable methods for biomechanical analysis.

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Broga, Rimvaldas. "Skausmas peties sąnario srityje: priežastys, klinikiniai simptomai, diagnostika ir gydymas." Lietuvos chirurgija 1, no. 2 (January 1, 2003): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/lietchirur.2003.2.2433.

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Rimvaldas BrogaVilniaus universiteto Ortopedijos,traumatologijos ir plastinės chirurgijos klinika,Vilniaus Greitosios pagalbos universitetinė ligoninė,Šiltnamių g. 29, LT-2043 VilniusEl paštas: rimvaldas@delfi.lt Peties skausmą yra pajutęs dažnas pacientas, kuriam jau per 40 metų. Dėl šio skausmo jis kreipiasi į įvairių specialybių gydytojus. Pečių juostos anatomija ir biomechanika labai sudėtinga ir visai nepanaši į kitų sąnarių. Pečių juostos judesių amplitudė įvairiose ašyse ir plokštumose labai plati dėl trijų tikrųjų sąnarių ir dviejų jungčių. Pečių juostos funkciją atlieka 26 raumenys ir jų dalys, tačiau biomechanikai svarbiausi yra mažieji sukamieji raumenys ir deltinis raumuo. Trinkant minėtų raumenų veiklai, ligonis pajunta skausmus, blogėja peties funkcija. Straipsnyje minimos peties sąnario degeneracijos priežastys, dėstomas ištyrimo planas. Kai kurie anamnezės ir apžiūros duomenys labai būdingi peties ligoms. Apžvelgiami patys populiariausi ištyrimo metodai: skausminiai, funkciniai ir jėgos pasipriešinimo. Rentgenologinis tyrimas palyginti nebrangus, tačiau labai informatyvus. Aptariami būdingiausi peties sąnario rentgenologiniai simptomai. Laiku diagnozuoto mažųjų sukamųjų raumenų degeneracinio ar trauminio pažeidimo operacinis gydymas labai veiksmingas. Jei liga užleista ir įsisenėjusi, t. y. minėti raumenys seniai nuplyšę, surandėję ir negali atlikti pagrindinės funkcijos (stabiliai ir kartu judriai fiksuoti žastikaulio galvą), operacinio gydymo rezultatai būna prastesni. Prasminiai žodžiai: peties sąnarys, klinikinis ištyrimas, mažieji sukamieji raumenys, degeneracija, ankštumo sindromas. Pain in the region of shoulder joint: causes, clinical symptoms,diagnostics and treatment Rimvaldas Broga At the age over 40 many patients experience shoulder pain. Due to this pain they are refered to doctors of different specialities. The anatomy of the shoulder joint as well as its biomechanics is very complicated and not similar to any other joint. The range of motion in the shoulder joint is very wide in all axes and planes. The wide motion is achieved by means of three true joints and two junctions. In the function of the shoulder joint 26 muscles and their parts take part, but most important in the biomechanics are the smallest rotation muscles and the deltoid muscle. The patient experiences pain and aches and the function of the shoulder is impaired in the case of dysfunction of the above mentioned muscles. In the paper, causes of shoulder joint degeneration are mentioned and a clinical examination scheme is presented. Some of the accents from the anamnesis and evaluation are very common to shoulder sicknesses. The most popular examination tests concerning pain, function and strength restriction are discussed. Roentgenological examination is rather cheap but very informative. The most informative and most common roentgenological features are discussed. In case of early diagnosis of the degenerative and traumatic impairment of small rotator muscles operative treatment is very effective. In cases of delayed and inveterate illnesses when the above mentioned muscles have been disrupted long ago, are shortened and cannot perform their basic function (stable and mobile fixation of the humeral head), the results of operative treatment are worse. Keywords: shoulder joint, clinical examination, small rotator muscles, degeneration, compartment syndrome.

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Fan, Yubo, Bo Wang, Kaihua Xiu, Xiang Dong, and Ming Zhang. "Biomechanical Animal Experimental Research on Osseointegration(Orthopaedic Biomechanics)." Proceedings of the Asian Pacific Conference on Biomechanics : emerging science and technology in biomechanics 2004.1 (2004): 175–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeapbio.2004.1.175.

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Higham, Timothy E., Sean M. Rogers, R. Brian Langerhans, Heather A. Jamniczky, George V. Lauder, William J. Stewart, Christopher H. Martin, and David N. Reznick. "Speciation through the lens of biomechanics: locomotion, prey capture and reproductive isolation." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 283, no. 1838 (September 14, 2016): 20161294. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.1294.

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Speciation is a multifaceted process that involves numerous aspects of the biological sciences and occurs for multiple reasons. Ecology plays a major role, including both abiotic and biotic factors. Whether populations experience similar or divergent ecological environments, they often adapt to local conditions through divergence in biomechanical traits. We investigate the role of biomechanics in speciation using fish predator–prey interactions, a primary driver of fitness for both predators and prey. We highlight specific groups of fishes, or specific species, that have been particularly valuable for understanding these dynamic interactions and offer the best opportunities for future studies that link genetic architecture to biomechanics and reproductive isolation (RI). In addition to emphasizing the key biomechanical techniques that will be instrumental, we also propose that the movement towards linking biomechanics and speciation will include (i) establishing the genetic basis of biomechanical traits, (ii) testing whether similar and divergent selection lead to biomechanical divergence, and (iii) testing whether/how biomechanical traits affect RI. Future investigations that examine speciation through the lens of biomechanics will propel our understanding of this key process.

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Liu, Jun Qian. "Study on Knee Movement Mechanical Simulation in Basketball Shooting." Applied Mechanics and Materials 536-537 (April 2014): 1351–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.536-537.1351.

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Application of sports biomechanics, sports biomechanics analyses of technical action shots, biomechanical characteristics obtained the basketball shooting skill and summarize the influencing factors of sports biomechanics shooting rate, especially for the shot before the body, lower limbs of each part of the action process were studied.

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Yokobori, Takeo. "What are Biomechanics and Biomechanical Behaviour?" Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering 4, no. 2 (1994): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/bme-1994-4202.

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Oh, Mujin, Taeoh Tak, and Jiyeon LEE. "66847 Biomechanical Analysis of Steering Motion Using Motion Analysis Technique(Biomechanics)." Proceedings of the Asian Conference on Multibody Dynamics 2010.5 (2010): _66847–1_—_66847–7_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeacmd.2010.5._66847-1_.

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Tai, Ching-Lung, Weng-Pin Chen, Mel S. Lee, and Lan-Li Lian. "The Biomechanical Study of A Modified Intertrochanteric Valgus Osteotomy(Orthopaedic Biomechanics)." Proceedings of the Asian Pacific Conference on Biomechanics : emerging science and technology in biomechanics 2004.1 (2004): 179–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeapbio.2004.1.179.

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IVANCEVIC, TIJANA T. "JET-RICCI GEOMETRY OF TIME-DEPENDENT HUMAN BIOMECHANICS." International Journal of Biomathematics 03, no. 01 (March 2010): 79–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s179352451000088x.

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We propose the time-dependent generalization of an "ordinary" autonomous human biomechanics, in which total mechanical + biochemical energy is not conserved. We introduce a general framework for time-dependent biomechanics in terms of jet manifolds derived from the extended musculo-skeletal configuration manifold. The corresponding Riemannian geometrical evolution follows the Ricci flow diffusion. In particular, we show that the exponential-like decay of total biomechanical energy (due to exhaustion of biochemical resources) is closely related to the Ricci flow on the biomechanical configuration manifold.

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Lukšys, Donatas, and Julius Griškevičius. "QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF DANCE THERAPY INFULENCE ON THE PARKINSON’S DISEASE PATIENTS’ LOWER LIMB BIOMECHANICS / ŠOKIŲ ĮTAKA APATINIŲ GALŪNIŲ BIOMECHANIKAI SERGANT PARKINSONO LIGA." Mokslas – Lietuvos ateitis 8, no. 6 (January 18, 2017): 583–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2016.978.

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Parkinson’s disease – progressive neurologic disorder that damages a variety of motor function and reduces the quality of life. Patients with PD are subject to various physical therapy exercises, but recently is applied more often the dance – music therapy. This study aims assessing the therapeutic effect of the modified Lindy Hop dance therapy on lower extremity biomechanics. The experimental study was performed using inertial sensors that registered lower extremity biomechanical parameters during gait. Several spatio-temporal parameters of lower limb were calculated and were found statistically significant between groups, which allows quantifying the influence of dance therapy. Parkinsono liga (PL) – progresuojantis neurologinis sutrikimas, kuris pažeidžia įvairias motorines funkcijas ir sumažina gyvenimo kokybę. Sergant PL, taikomos įvairios fizinių pratimų terapijos, bet paskutiniu metu dažniau taikoma šokių – muzikos – terapija. Eksperimentinio tyrimo metu buvo naudojami inerciniai jutikliai, siekiant registruoti apatinių galūnių biomechaninius parametrus eisenos metu. Šio straipsnio tikslas – įvertinti modifikuotos lindihopo šokių terapijos įtaką apatinių galūnių biomechanikai. Buvo apskaičiuoti apatinių galūnių kinematiniai parametrai ir surasti statistiškai reikšmingi skirtumai tarp grupių ir grupių viduje, kurie leidžia kiekybiškai įvertinti šokių įtaką.

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Zhao, Yunmei, Saeed Siri, Bin Feng, and David M. Pierce. "The Macro- and Micro-Mechanics of the Colon and Rectum II: Theoretical and Computational Methods." Bioengineering 7, no. 4 (November 25, 2020): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering7040152.

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Abnormal colorectal biomechanics and mechanotransduction associate with an array of gastrointestinal diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, diverticula disease, anorectal disorders, ileus, and chronic constipation. Visceral pain, principally evoked from mechanical distension, has a unique biomechanical component that plays a critical role in mechanotransduction, the process of encoding mechanical stimuli to the colorectum by sensory afferents. To fully understand the underlying mechanisms of visceral mechanical neural encoding demands focused attention on the macro- and micro-mechanics of colon tissue. Motivated by biomechanical experiments on the colon and rectum, increasing efforts focus on developing constitutive frameworks to interpret and predict the anisotropic and nonlinear biomechanical behaviors of the multilayered colorectum. We will review the current literature on computational modeling of the colon and rectum as well as the mechanical neural encoding by stretch sensitive afferent endings, and then highlight our recent advances in these areas. Current models provide insight into organ- and tissue-level biomechanics as well as the stretch-sensitive afferent endings of colorectal tissues yet an important challenge in modeling theory remains. The research community has not connected the biomechanical models to those of mechanosensitive nerve endings to create a cohesive multiscale framework for predicting mechanotransduction from organ-level biomechanics.

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Zhang, Bo. "Research on Biomechanical Simulation and Simulation of Badminton Splitting and Hanging Action Based on Edge Computing." Mobile Information Systems 2021 (April 27, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5527879.

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Sports biomechanics refers to the science of the laws of mechanical motion produced in the process of biological movement. Its essence is to systematically and digitally reconstruct the fundamental attributes and characteristics of motion. At present, the research of sports biomechanics mainly focuses on the theoretical research of basic aspects and lacks the new technology of sports biomechanics digital simulation innovation and data measurement. This article takes the badminton chopping action as the research object and carries out biomechanical simulation and simulation research with the help of edge computing and genetic algorithm. First of all, this paper constructs a badminton chopping and hanging action system framework based on edge computing, so as to facilitate simulation and improve data transmission efficiency. Secondly, genetic algorithm is used in biomechanics simulation and simulation optimization and data analysis process. System testing and simulation verify the excellent performance of the biomechanical simulation of badminton chopping and hanging action established in this paper. The research will provide a reference for the academic circles to explore the field of sports biomechanics.

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Tung, Wen-Lin, Kuan-Yin Lai, Li-Chieh Kuo, I.-Ming Jou, and Fong-Chin Su. "BIOMECHANICAL EVALUATION OF TRIGGER FINGER FUNCTION(2B1 Orthopaedic & Rehabilitation Biomechanics IV)." Proceedings of the Asian Pacific Conference on Biomechanics : emerging science and technology in biomechanics 2007.3 (2007): S146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeapbio.2007.3.s146.

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Roberts, Cynthia J., and William J. Dupps. "Biomechanics of corneal ectasia and biomechanical treatments." Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery 40, no. 6 (June 2014): 991–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrs.2014.04.013.

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Lee, Sang-Hie. "Hand biomechanics in skilled pianists playing a scale in thirds." Medical Problems of Performing Artists 25, no. 4 (December 1, 2010): 167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21091/mppa.2010.4034.

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Pianists, who attend to the integral relationship of their particular musculoskeletal characteristics to the piano technique at hand, discover an efficient path to technical advancement and, consequently, to injury prevention. Thus, a study of pianist's hand biomechanics in relation to different piano techniques is highly relevant, as hand features may influence various techniques in different ways. This study addressed relationships between pianists' hand biomechanics and the performance of a scale in thirds, as a part of an ongoing series of studies examining relationships between hand biomechanics and performance data of primary techniques. The biomechanics of hand length and width, finger length, hand span, hand and arm weights, and ulnar deviation at the wrist were compared with tempo, articulation, and dynamic voicing (tone balance between two notes of the thirds). Pearson correlation analysis showed a positive association between ulnar deviation and tempo; the other biomechanical features showed no relationships with any of the performance criteria. Qualitative cross-sectional observation of individual profiles showed that experienced pianists perform with a higher degree of synchrony in two-note descent while pianists with organ training background play with a lesser degree of synchrony. All biomechanical features were closely related among one another with one exception: wrist ulnar deviation was not associated with any other biomechanical features; rather, data suggest possible negative associations. This study underscores the importance of wrist mobility in piano skills development. Further research using a complete set of prototype piano techniques and multiple-level pianist-subjects could provide substantive biomechanical information that may be used to develop efficient pedagogy and prevention strategies for playing-related injuries as well as rehabilitation.

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Karzilov, A. I. "The respiratory system biomechanical homeostasis and its maintenance mechanisms in normal conditions and at obstructive pulmonary diseases." Bulletin of Siberian Medicine 6, no. 1 (March 30, 2007): 13–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.20538/1682-0363-2007-1-13-38.

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Parameters of breathing biomechanics in healthy persons (n = 20), patients with bronchial asthma (n = 30) and chronic obstruc-tive pulmonary disease (n = 30) are analyzed during electrical stimulation of the diaphragm. Methodology of homeostatic parame-ters searching and their classification is offered. Descriptive and comparative analyses are performed. Homeostatic parameters of biomechanics describing the condition of elastic and non -elastic properties of respiratory system, of respiratory muscles, of general pulmonary hysteresis, breathing regulation are differentiated. Basic homeostatic parameter is the ratio of inspiratory capacity to the lungs elastic recoil. The model of lungs with the biomechanical buffer and retractive-elastic- surfactant complex of lungs is offered. Biomechanical homeostasis idea of respiratory system as ability of an organism to support in dynamics balance normal and patho-logical conditions essentially important for preservation of respiratory system biomechanical parameters in admissible limits is for-mulated.

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Hisatomi, Sayaka, Hisashi Naito, Takeshi Matsumoto, Eiji Tanaka, and Masao Tanaka. "Biomechanical Analysis of TMJ Soft Tissues under Asymmetric Jaw Movement(3D1 Dental Biomechanics)." Proceedings of the Asian Pacific Conference on Biomechanics : emerging science and technology in biomechanics 2007.3 (2007): S219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeapbio.2007.3.s219.

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Hewett, Timothy E., Kevin R. Ford, Yingying Y. Xu, Jane Khoury, and Gregory D. Myer. "Effectiveness of Neuromuscular Training Based on the Neuromuscular Risk Profile." American Journal of Sports Medicine 45, no. 9 (April 25, 2017): 2142–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546517700128.

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Background: The effects of targeted neuromuscular training (TNMT) on movement biomechanics associated with the risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are currently unknown. Purpose/Hypotheses: To determine the effectiveness of TNMT specifically designed to increase trunk control and hip strength. The hypotheses were that (1) TNMT would decrease biomechanical and neuromuscular factors related to an increased ACL injury risk and (2) TNMT would decrease these biomechanical and neuromuscular factors to a greater extent in athletes identified as being at a high risk for future ACL injuries. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Female athletes who participated in jumping, cutting, and pivoting sports underwent 3-dimensional biomechanical testing before the season and after completing TNMT. During testing, athletes performed 3 different types of tasks: (1) drop vertical jump, (2) single-leg drop, and (3) single-leg cross drop. Analysis of covariance was used to examine the treatment effects of TNMT designed to enhance core and hip strength on biomechanical and neuromuscular characteristics. Differences were also evaluated by risk profile. Differences were considered statistically significant at P < .05. Results: TNMT significantly increased hip external rotation moments and moment impulses, increased peak trunk flexion, and decreased peak trunk extension. Athletes with a high risk before the intervention (risk profile III) had a more significant treatment effect of TNMT than low-risk groups (risk profiles I and II). Conclusion: TNMT significantly improved proximal biomechanics, including increased hip external rotation moments and moment impulses, increased peak trunk flexion, and decreased peak trunk extension. TNMT that focuses exclusively on proximal leg and trunk risk factors is not, however, adequate to induce significant changes in frontal-plane knee loading. Biomechanical changes varied across the risk profile groups, with higher risk groups exhibiting greater improvements in their biomechanics.

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Seeley, Matthew K., Seong Jun Son, Hyunsoo Kim, and J. Ty Hopkins. "Biomechanics Differ for Individuals With Similar Self-Reported Characteristics of Patellofemoral Pain During a High-Demand Multiplanar Movement Task." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 30, no. 6 (August 1, 2021): 860–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2020-0220.

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Context: Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is often categorized by researchers and clinicians using subjective self-reported PFP characteristics; however, this practice might mask important differences in movement biomechanics between PFP patients. Objective: To determine whether biomechanical differences exist during a high-demand multiplanar movement task for PFP patients with similar self-reported PFP characteristics but different quadriceps activation levels. Design: Cross-sectional design. Setting: Biomechanics laboratory. Participants: A total of 15 quadriceps deficient and 15 quadriceps functional (QF) PFP patients with similar self-reported PFP characteristics. Intervention: In total, 5 trials of a high-demand multiplanar land, cut, and jump movement task were performed. Main Outcome Measures: Biomechanics were compared at each percentile of the ground contact phase of the movement task (α = .05) between the quadriceps deficient and QF groups. Biomechanical variables included (1) whole-body center of mass, trunk, hip, knee, and ankle kinematics; (2) hip, knee, and ankle kinetics; and (3) ground reaction forces. Results: The QF patients exhibited increased ground reaction force, joint torque, and movement, relative to the quadriceps deficient patients. The QF patients exhibited: (1) up to 90, 60, and 35 N more vertical, posterior, and medial ground reaction force at various times of the ground contact phase; (2) up to 4° more knee flexion during ground contact and up to 4° more plantarflexion and hip extension during the latter parts of ground contact; and (3) up to 26, 21, and 48 N·m more plantarflexion, knee extension, and hip extension torque, respectively, at various times of ground contact. Conclusions: PFP patients with similar self-reported PFP characteristics exhibit different movement biomechanics, and these differences depend upon quadriceps activation levels. These differences are important because movement biomechanics affect injury risk and athletic performance. In addition, these biomechanical differences indicate that different therapeutic interventions may be needed for PFP patients with similar self-reported PFP characteristics.

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Fice, Jason B., Gunter P. Siegmund, and Jean-Sébastien Blouin. "Neck muscle biomechanics and neural control." Journal of Neurophysiology 120, no. 1 (July 1, 2018): 361–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00512.2017.

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The mechanics, morphometry, and geometry of our joints, segments, and muscles are fundamental biomechanical properties intrinsic to human neural control. The goal of our study was to investigate whether the biomechanical actions of individual neck muscles predict their neural control. Specifically, we compared the moment direction and variability produced by electrical stimulation of a neck muscle (biomechanics) to the preferred activation direction and variability (neural control). Subjects sat upright with their head fixed to a six-axis load cell and their torso restrained. Indwelling wire electrodes were placed into the sternocleidomastoid (SCM), splenius capitis (SPL), and semispinalis capitis (SSC) muscles. The electrically stimulated direction was defined as the moment direction produced when a current (2–19 mA) was passed through each muscle’s electrodes. Preferred activation direction was defined as the vector sum of the spatial tuning curve built from root mean squared electromyogram when subjects produced isometric moments at 7.5% and 15% of their maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) in 26 three-dimensional directions. The spatial tuning curves at 15% MVC were well defined (unimodal, P < 0.05), and their preferred directions were 23°, 39°, and 21° different from their electrically stimulated directions for the SCM, SPL, and SSC, respectively ( P < 0.05). Intrasubject variability was smaller in electrically stimulated moment directions compared with voluntary preferred directions, and intrasubject variability decreased with increased activation levels. Our findings show that the neural control of neck muscles is not based solely on optimizing individual muscle biomechanics but, as activation increases, biomechanical constraints in part dictate the activation of synergistic neck muscles. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Biomechanics are an intrinsic part of human neural control. In this study, we found that the biomechanics of individual neck muscles cannot fully predict their neural control. Consequently, physiologically based computational neck muscle controllers cannot calculate muscle activation schemes based on the isolated biomechanics of muscles. Furthermore, by measuring biomechanics we showed that the intrasubject variability of the neural control was lower for electrical vs. voluntary activation of the neck muscles.

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Salgado-Borges, José M., Cláudia Costa-Ferreira, Manuel Monteiro, and José Guilherme-Monteiro. "Refractive, Tomographic and Biomechanical Outcomes after Implantation of Ferrara ICRS in Keratoconus Patients." International Journal of Keratoconus and Ectatic Corneal Diseases 1, no. 1 (2012): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10025-1003.

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ABSTRACT Background Nowadays, ICRS are a step in the treatment of keratoconus. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the refractive effect and the tomographic and biomechanical parameters in keratoconus patients implanted with Ferrara ICRS, and their stability after 18 months. Materials and methods Twenty eyes of 20 keratoconus patients implanted with ICRS were evaluated. The average follow-up was 18 months. UDVA, CDVA, biomicroscopy, tomography (Pentacam) and biomechanics (ORA) of the cornea were evaluated before and after surgery. For the comparison of groups, the Wilcoxon test was used. Results The mean UDVA improved from 1.00 to 0.30 and the mean CDVA improved from 0.51 to 0.12; both were statistically significant (p = 0.0001). The average keratometry decreased from 50.7D to 47.5D (p = 0.0003), and the average astigmatism decreased from 5.5D to 3.5D (p = 0.0058). The mean CCT did not change significantly after surgery, but the mean TPP increased from 441.2 to 455.2 µm (p = 0.004). There was a significant reduction in the anterior cornea elevation, both the central (from 16.2-8.8; p = 0.0066) and the minimum (from–43.2 to −57.1; p = 0.0228). No significant change was found for posterior corneal elevation and for biomechanical parameters (hysteresis or CRF). Discussion There was a significant improvement of UDVA and CDVA after ICRS implantation, in keratoconic eyes. There was a significant and stable corneal flattening, and a decrease of the astigmatism. Corneal biomechanic parameters did not change. How to cite this article Salgado-Borges JM, Costa-Ferreira C, Monteiro M, Guilherme-Monteiro J, Torquetti L, Ferrara P, Ambrósio R Jr. Refractive, Tomographic and Biomechanical Outcomes after Implantation of Ferrara ICRS in Keratoconus Patients. Int J Keratoco Ectatic Corneal Dis 2012;1(1):16-21.

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Petrov, Sergey Yur'yevich, Nataliya Nikolaevna Podgornaya, Anna Eduardovna Aslamazova, and Dar'ya Maksimovna Safonova. "Biomechanical studies of the iris and the trabecular meshwork." Ophthalmology journal 8, no. 1 (March 15, 2015): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ov2015169-78.

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The article presents a literature review of the latest research in the field of ocular biomechanics with an accent on the role of biomechanical properties of anatomical structures in the development of ocular pathologies. Close attention is paid to biomechanical properties of the iris, the study of its structure and functioning in representatives of different races, as well as its role in anterior eye chamber angle closure and the pathogenesis of angle-closure glaucoma. Experimental and clinical researches of trabecular meshwork biomechanics and modern outlooks on its structure characteristics are described. The review provides information on theoretical developments and practical implications of the development of a new class of local hypotensive drugs that influence the trabecular meshwork tonus (Rho-kinase inhibitors).

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Nagelli, Christopher, Samuel Wordeman, Stephanie Di Stasi, Joshua Hoffman, Tiffany Marulli, and Timothy E. Hewett. "Biomechanical Deficits at the Hip in Athletes With ACL Reconstruction Are Ameliorated With Neuromuscular Training." American Journal of Sports Medicine 46, no. 11 (August 3, 2018): 2772–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546518787505.

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Background: The efficacy of a neuromuscular training (NMT) program to ameliorate known hip biomechanical risk factors for athletes with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is currently unknown. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose was to quantify the effects of an NMT program on hip biomechanics among athletes with ACLR and to compare posttraining hip biomechanics with a control group. The hypotheses were that known hip biomechanical risk factors of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury would be significantly reduced among athletes with ACLR after the NMT program and that posttraining hip biomechanics between the ACLR and control cohorts would not differ. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Twenty-eight athletes (n = 18, ACLR; n = 10, uninjured) completed a 12-session NMT program. Biomechanical evaluation of a jump-landing task was done before and after completion of the program. Repeated measures analysis of variance was performed to understand the effect of NMT within the ACLR cohort. Two-way analysis of variance was used to compare both groups. Post hoc testing was done for significant interactions. Hip biomechanical variables at initial contact are reported. Results: The athletes with ACLR who completed the NMT program had a significant session × limb interaction ( P = .01) for hip external rotation moment and a significant main effect of session for hip flexion angle ( P = .049) and moment ( P < .001). There was a significant change for the involved ( P = .04; 528% increase) and uninvolved ( P = .04; 57% decrease) limbs from pre- to posttraining for hip rotation moment. The ACLR cohort had an increase in hip flexion angle (14% change) and a decrease in hip flexion moment (65% change) from pre- to posttraining. Posttraining comparison for these same hip biomechanical variables of interest revealed no significant interactions ( P > .05) between the ACLR and control cohorts. There was a significant main effect of group ( P = .02) for hip flexion angle, as the ACLR cohort demonstrated greater hip flexion angle than that of the control group. Conclusion: For athletes with ACLR, hip biomechanical measures of ACL injury risk show significant improvements after completion of an NMT program. Clinical Relevance: Athletes with ACLR who are participating in an NMT program may ameliorate known hip biomechanical risk factors for an ACL injury.

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King, Oisín, Ilona Sunyovszki, and Cesare M. Terracciano. "Vascularisation of pluripotent stem cell–derived myocardium: biomechanical insights for physiological relevance in cardiac tissue engineering." Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology 473, no. 7 (April 14, 2021): 1117–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00424-021-02557-8.

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AbstractThe myocardium is a diverse environment, requiring coordination between a variety of specialised cell types. Biochemical crosstalk between cardiomyocytes (CM) and microvascular endothelial cells (MVEC) is essential to maintain contractility and healthy tissue homeostasis. Yet, as myocytes beat, heterocellular communication occurs also through constantly fluctuating biomechanical stimuli, namely (1) compressive and tensile forces generated directly by the beating myocardium, and (2) pulsatile shear stress caused by intra-microvascular flow. Despite endothelial cells (EC) being highly mechanosensitive, the role of biomechanical stimuli from beating CM as a regulatory mode of myocardial-microvascular crosstalk is relatively unexplored. Given that cardiac biomechanics are dramatically altered during disease, and disruption of myocardial-microvascular communication is a known driver of pathological remodelling, understanding the biomechanical context necessary for healthy myocardial-microvascular interaction is of high importance. The current gap in understanding can largely be attributed to technical limitations associated with reproducing dynamic physiological biomechanics in multicellular in vitro platforms, coupled with limited in vitro viability of primary cardiac tissue. However, differentiation of CM from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) has provided an unlimited source of human myocytes suitable for designing in vitro models. This technology is now converging with the diverse field of tissue engineering, which utilises in vitro techniques designed to enhance physiological relevance, such as biomimetic extracellular matrix (ECM) as 3D scaffolds, microfluidic perfusion of vascularised networks, and complex multicellular architectures generated via 3D bioprinting. These strategies are now allowing researchers to design in vitro platforms which emulate the cell composition, architectures, and biomechanics specific to the myocardial-microvascular microenvironment. Inclusion of physiological multicellularity and biomechanics may also induce a more mature phenotype in stem cell–derived CM, further enhancing their value. This review aims to highlight the importance of biomechanical stimuli as determinants of CM-EC crosstalk in cardiac health and disease, and to explore emerging tissue engineering and hPSC technologies which can recapitulate physiological dynamics to enhance the value of in vitro cardiac experimentation.

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Chieh, Hsiao-Feng, Chien-Ju Lin, Li-Chieh Kuo, I.-Ming Jou, and Fong-Chin Su. "GS6-1 BIOMECHANICAL ASSESSMENT OF COLLAGENASE-INDUCED ACHILLES TENDINOPATHY IN RATS(GS6: Musculoskeletal Biomechanics)." Proceedings of the Asian Pacific Conference on Biomechanics : emerging science and technology in biomechanics 2015.8 (2015): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeapbio.2015.8.171.

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Burns, Geoffrey T., Kenneth M. Kozloff, and Ronald F. Zernicke. "Biomechanics of Elite Performers: Economy and Efficiency of Movement." Kinesiology Review 9, no. 1 (February 1, 2020): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/kr.2019-0058.

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Movement is essential to the human experience, and efficient biomechanics facilitate effective action across the breadth of tasks one encounters in life. The concept of movement efficiency has been investigated and explored through a variety of means including biomechanical modeling, simulation, and experimental manipulation. Observations of elite performers for a given movement task serve as an additional line of insight into efficiency, as their movements have been driven toward optimization via competitive pressure. The authors first discuss the concept of efficiency in biomechanics from a qualitative perspective and the broad tools with which we explore it. They then highlight biomechanical investigations of elite performers and their contributions to our understanding of efficiency. Examples from various classes of movements illustrate unique insights of the elite performers in informing our understanding of movement efficiency.

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Sibakin, D. D., V. A. Breev, and E. G. Solodkova. "Analysis of keratopographic and biomechanical corneal indicators with evaluation of the impact of diagnostic results on myopic refraction patient management tactics." Modern technologies in ophtalmology, no. 2 (June 15, 2021): 196–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.25276/2312-4911-2021-2-196-199.

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Purpose. To analyse keratopographic and biomechanical corneal indicators with the diagnostic results assessment of the influence on the treatment tactics of myopic refraction patient. Materials and methods. Keratotopographic and biomechanical parameters of the cornea in a patient with mild myopia were evaluated. Results. The Belin/Ambrosio (Enchanced Ectasia Display) - BAD keratoconus screening program was used on Pentacam HR, which did not reveal corneal pathology. According to the results of CBI (Corvis biomechanical index) on Corvis ST (OD - 0.61, OS - 0.48), that was indicating poor corneal biomechanical properties and a high risk of keratectasia development. Conclusion. Ophthalmic examination, using The Corvis ST (Oculus, Germany) biomechanical measurements, makes possible to reveal with greater sensitivity subclinical signs of a keratectatic process at the pre-clinical stage of development. Key words: keratotopography, corneal biomechanics, keratoconus.

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Schmitz, Randy J., John C. Cone, Timothy J. Copple, Robert A. Henson, and Sandra J. Shultz. "Lower-Extremity Biomechanics and Maintenance of Vertical-Jump Height During Prolonged Intermittent Exercise." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 23, no. 4 (November 2014): 319–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2013-0065.

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Context:Potential biomechanical compensations allowing for maintenance of maximal explosive performance during prolonged intermittent exercise, with respect to the corresponding rise in injury rates during the later stages of exercise or competition, are relatively unknown.Objective:To identify lower-extremity countermovement-jump (CMJ) biomechanical factors using a principal-components approach and then examine how these factors changed during a 90-min intermittent-exercise protocol (IEP) while maintaining maximal jump height.Design:Mixed-model design.Setting:Laboratory.Participants:Fifty-nine intermittent-sport athletes (30 male, 29 female) participated in experimental and control conditions.Interventions:Before and after a dynamic warm-up and every 15 min during the 1st and 2nd halves of an individually prescribed 90-min IEP, participants were assessed on rating of perceived exertion, sprint/cut speed, and 3-dimensional CMJ biomechanics (experimental). On a separate day, the same measures were obtained every 15 min during 90 min of quiet rest (control).Main Outcome Measures:Univariate piecewise growth models analyzed progressive changes in CMJ performance and biomechanical factors extracted from a principal-components analysis of the individual biomechanical dependent variables.Results:While CMJ height was maintained during the 1st and 2nd halves, the body descended less and knee kinetic and energetic magnitudes decreased as the IEP progressed.Conclusions:The results indicate that vertical-jump performance is maintained along with progressive biomechanical changes commonly associated with decreased performance. A better understanding of lower-extremity biomechanics during explosive actions in response to IEP allows us to further develop and individualize performance training programs.

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Fu, Lin, Yufeng Ye, Xu Jia, Yunjie Zhang, Xiaoyu Chen, Hengli Lian, Weihua Yang, and Qi Dai. "Association of Iris Structural Measurements with Corneal Biomechanics in Myopic Eyes." Disease Markers 2021 (December 31, 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2080962.

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Purpose. To evaluate the relationship between iris sectional parameters on swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) with corneal biomechanics measured by Corneal Visualization Scheimpflug Technology (Corvis ST) in young adults with myopia. Methods. 117 patients with myopia aged ≥18 years were recruited from the Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, who had complete SS-OCT and Corvis ST data. Only the left eye of each participant was selected for analysis. Iris sectional parameters included iris thickness at 750 μm from the scleral spur (IT750), iris sectional area (I-area), and iris curvature (I-curv) measured from four quadrants. Associations between the iris parameters and corneal biomechanics were analyzed using linear regression models. Results. The mean age of the included young adults was 26.26 ± 6.62 years old with 44 males and 73 females. The iris parameters were different among the four quadrants. The nasal, temporal, and inferior quadrants of IT750, together with nasal and temporal quadrants of I-area, were correlated with corneal biomechanical parameters after being adjusted for age, gender, pupil diameter, and axial length. Thicker IT750 and larger I-area were related to a softer cornea. However, no association was found between I-curv and corneal biomechanics. Conclusions. Iris sectional parameters measured from SS-OCT images were associated with corneal biomechanical properties in myopic eyes. Thicker IT750 and larger I-area indicate a softer cornea. IT750 and I-area may provide useful information on corneal biomechanical properties in myopic eyes.

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Ericksen, Hayley M., Brian Pietrosimone, Phillip A. Gribble, and Abbey C. Thomas. "Evaluation of Agreement Between Participant and Expert on Jump-Landing Characteristics During a 4-Week Intervention." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 27, no. 6 (November 1, 2018): 536–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2017-0015.

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Context: Feedback is an important factor in interventions designed to reduce anterior cruciate ligament injury risk. Self-analysis feedback requires participants to self-critique their jump-landing mechanics; however, it is unknown if individuals can effectively self-analyze their own biomechanics and if this self-analysis agrees with observed biomechanical changes by an expert. Objective: To determine agreement between an expert and participants on biomechanical errors committed during 3 of 12 sessions, which were part of an intervention to change jump-landing biomechanics in healthy females. Design: Descriptive analysis. Setting: Research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Healthy recreationally active females with no history of lower-extremity fracture or surgery. Interventions: Participants completed a 4-week, 12-session feedback intervention. Each intervention session lasted approximately 15 minutes and included asking participants to perform 6 sets of 6 jumps off a 30-cm-high box placed 50% of their height away from the target landing area. Participants performed self-analysis feedback and received expert feedback on 7 different jump-landing criteria following each set of jumps. Main Outcome Measures: Data were coded, and agreement between the expert and the participant was assessed using Cohen’s unweighted kappa for sessions 1, 6, and 12. Results: There was agreement between the expert and participants for 0/7 criteria for session 1, 3/7 criteria for session 6, and 4/7 criteria for session 12. Conclusions: Participants demonstrated some agreement with the expert when evaluating their jump-landing biomechanics. Self-analysis feedback may not replace what an expert can provide; both types of feedback may be better used in conjunction to produce significant biomechanical changes. Changes made by the participant may not translate into biomechanical changes during a real-life game or practice situation. Future research should continue to investigate effective interventions to reduce injury risk.

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Ojaghi, Reza. "MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND BIOMECHANICS OF OSTEOPHYTE FORMATION IN ELBOW OSTEOARTHRITIS: A REVIEW." Journal of Musculoskeletal Research 23, no. 02 (June 2020): 2030003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218957720300033.

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Managing osteophyte in elbow osteoarthritis (OA) is not an easy task. In the review of the subject hereby, the molecular biology and biomechanics of osteophyte formation will be addressed in composite detail. A number of basic and clinical science research studies that have evaluated the importance and significant role of growth factors, cytokines production, receptors expression, proteoglycans, and alarmins secretion will be included. At the same time, it is notable that the osteophyte formation has not been thoroughly evaluated with respect to its biomechanics, stress and strain pattern on the joint, and its relation to growth plate and the differences that may exist between animal and human joints. Namely, a few studies have begun to look at this particular aspect of osteophyte formation, which does not cover the issue of the graded biomechanical response to the osteophyte formation. The findings of this study can conclude that biomechanical understanding of osteophyte formation has the potential to give a better solution for medical and surgical management of osteophyte formation in different joints and particularly in elbow joint. As such, the proper management of elbow OA with its significant osteophyte formation requires a comprehensive understanding of biology and biomechanics of osteophyte formation.

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Paquette, Max R., and Daniel A. Melcher. "Impact of a Long Run on Injury-Related Biomechanics with Relation to Weekly Mileage in Trained Male Runners." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 33, no. 3 (June 2017): 216–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.2016-0170.

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The purposes of this study were to compare selected biomechanical variables before and after a long run, and to assess the relationship between weekly running volume and changes in lower limb biomechanics after the run. Twelve trained habitual rearfoot strike male runners ran overground before and after a treadmill long run while kinematic and kinetic data were recorded. Repeated measures analysis of variance and Cohen’s d effect sizes were used to compare kinematic and kinetic variables before and after the run. Loading rate was 6% higher after the run (p < .05) but this difference had a small effect size (d = .32). Moderate effects were found for a 25% increase in peak ankle eversion (d = 0.62) and a 10% increase in hip adduction (d = 0.60) after the run. These findings suggest that the completion of a submaximal long run does not yield potentially injurious lower limb biomechanics in uninjured rearfoot strike runners. Weekly running mileage was not correlated to biomechanical changes observed before and after the long run. Since biomechanical responses to the long run varied among runners, differences in other factors such as specific training regimens and neuromuscular control should be considered in future studies.

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Garlapati, Revanth Reddy, Aditi Roy, Grand Roman Joldes, Adam Wittek, Ahmed Mostayed, Barry Doyle, Simon Keith Warfield, et al. "More accurate neuronavigation data provided by biomechanical modeling instead of rigid registration." Journal of Neurosurgery 120, no. 6 (June 2014): 1477–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2013.12.jns131165.

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It is possible to improve neuronavigation during image-guided surgery by warping the high-quality preoperative brain images so that they correspond with the current intraoperative configuration of the brain. In this paper, the accuracy of registration results obtained using comprehensive biomechanical models is compared with the accuracy of rigid registration, the technology currently available to patients. This comparison allows investigation into whether biomechanical modeling provides good-quality image data for neuronavigation for a larger proportion of patients than rigid registration. Preoperative images for 33 neurosurgery cases were warped onto their respective intraoperative configurations using both the biomechanics-based method and rigid registration. The Hausdorff distance–based evaluation process, which measures the difference between images, was used to quantify the performance of both registration methods. A statistical test for difference in proportions was conducted to evaluate the null hypothesis that the proportion of patients for whom improved neuronavigation can be achieved is the same for rigid and biomechanics-based registration. The null hypothesis was confidently rejected (p < 10−4). Even the modified hypothesis that fewer than 25% of patients would benefit from the use of biomechanics-based registration was rejected at a significance level of 5% (p = 0.02). The biomechanics-based method proved particularly effective in cases demonstrating large craniotomy-induced brain deformations. The outcome of this analysis suggests that nonlinear biomechanics-based methods are beneficial to a large proportion of patients and can be considered for use in the operating theater as a possible means of improving neuronavigation and surgical outcomes.

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Chang, Jer-Hao, Hsiu-Yun Hsu, and Fong-Chin Su. "Biomechanical Analysis for Measurement of Painful Wrist by Flexible Electro-goniometry(Motion & Impact Biomechanics)." Proceedings of the Asian Pacific Conference on Biomechanics : emerging science and technology in biomechanics 2004.1 (2004): 139–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeapbio.2004.1.139.

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Chen, J. C., Ming-Shaung Ju, and Chou-Ching K. Lin. "INVERSE FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS TO ESTIMATE BIOMECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF RAT SCIATIC NERVE(1E1 Computational Biomechanics)." Proceedings of the Asian Pacific Conference on Biomechanics : emerging science and technology in biomechanics 2007.3 (2007): S78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeapbio.2007.3.s78.

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Caldas, Sergei Godeiro Fernandes Rabelo, Alexandre Antonio Ribeiro, Hallissa Simplício, and André Wilson Machado. "Segmented arch or continuous arch technique? A rational approach." Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 19, no. 2 (April 2014): 126–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2176-9451.19.2.126-141.sar.

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This study aims at revising the biomechanical principles of the segmented archwire technique as well as describing the clinical conditions in which the rational use of scientific biomechanics is essential to optimize orthodontic treatment and reduce the side effects produced by the straight wire technique.

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Morriën, Floor, Matthew J. D. Taylor, and Florentina J. Hettinga. "Biomechanics in Paralympics: Implications for Performance." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 12, no. 5 (May 2017): 578–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2016-0199.

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Purpose:To provide an overview of biomechanical studies in Paralympic research and their relevance for performance in Paralympic sports.Methods:The search terms paralympic biomechanics, paralympic sport performance, paralympic athlete performance, and paralympic athlete were entered into the electronic database PubMed.Results:Thirty-four studies were found. Biomechanical studies in Paralympics mainly contributed to performance enhancement by technical optimization (n = 32) and/or injury prevention (n = 6). In addition, biomechanics was found to be important in understanding activity limitation caused by various impairments, which is relevant for evidence-based classification in Paralympic sports (n = 6). Distinctions were made between biomechanical studies in sitting (41%), standing (38%), and swimming athletes (21%). In sitting athletes, mostly kinematics and kinetics in wheelchair propulsion were studied, mainly in athletes with spinal-cord injuries. In addition, kinetics and/or kinematics in wheelchair basketball, seated discus throwing, stationary shot-putting, hand-cycling, sit-skiing, and ice sledge hockey received attention. In standing sports, primarily kinematics of athletes with amputations performing jump sports and running and the optimization of prosthetic devices were investigated. No studies were reported on other standing sports. In swimming, mainly kick rate and resistance training were studied.Conclusions:Biomechanical research is important for performance by gaining insight into technical optimization, injury prevention, and evidence-based classification in Paralympic sports. In future studies it is advised to also include physiological and biomechanical measures, allowing the assessment of the capability of the human body, as well as the resulting movement.

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Montgomery, Melissa M., Amanda J. Tritsch, John R. Cone, Randy J. Schmitz, Robert A. Henson, and Sandra J. Shultz. "The Influence of Lower Extremity Lean Mass on Landing Biomechanics During Prolonged Exercise." Journal of Athletic Training 52, no. 8 (August 1, 2017): 738–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-52.5.03.

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Context: The extent to which lower extremity lean mass (LELM) relative to total body mass influences one's ability to maintain safe landing biomechanics during prolonged exercise when injury incidence increases is unknown. Objectives: To examine the influence of LELM on (1) pre-exercise lower extremity biomechanics and (2) changes in biomechanics during an intermittent exercise protocol (IEP) and (3) determine whether these relationships differ by sex. We hypothesized that less LELM would predict higher-risk baseline biomechanics and greater changes toward higher-risk biomechanics during the IEP. Design: Cohort study. Setting: Controlled laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: A total of 59 athletes (30 men: age = 20.3 ± 2.0 years, height = 1.79 ± 0.05 m, mass = 75.2 ± 7.2 kg; 29 women: age = 20.6 ± 2.3 years, height = 1.67 ± 0.08 m, mass = 61.8 ± 9.0 kg) participated. Intervention(s): Before completing an individualized 90-minute IEP designed to mimic a soccer match, participants underwent dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry testing for LELM. Main Outcome Measure(s): Three-dimensional lower extremity biomechanics were measured during drop-jump landings before the IEP and every 15 minutes thereafter. A previously reported principal components analysis reduced 40 biomechanical variables to 11 factors. Hierarchical linear modeling analysis then determined the extent to which sex and LELM predicted the baseline score and the change in each factor over time. Results: Lower extremity lean mass did not influence baseline biomechanics or the changes over time. Sex influenced the biomechanical factor representing knee loading at baseline (P = .04) and the changes in the anterior cruciate ligament–loading factor over time (P = .03). The LELM had an additional influence only on women who possessed less LELM (P = .03 and .02, respectively). Conclusions: Lower extremity lean mass influenced knee loading during landing in women but not in men. The effect appeared to be stronger in women with less LELM. Continually decreasing knee loading over time may reflect a strategy chosen to avoid injury. A minimal threshold of LELM may be needed to safely perform landing maneuvers, especially during prolonged exercise when the injury risk increases.

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Moisik, Scott Reid, and Bryan Gick. "The Quantal Larynx: The Stable Regions of Laryngeal Biomechanics and Implications for Speech Production." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 60, no. 3 (March 2017): 540–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2016_jslhr-s-16-0019.

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Purpose Recent proposals suggest that (a) the high dimensionality of speech motor control may be reduced via modular neuromuscular organization that takes advantage of intrinsic biomechanical regions of stability and (b) computational modeling provides a means to study whether and how such modularization works. In this study, the focus is on the larynx, a structure that is fundamental to speech production because of its role in phonation and numerous articulatory functions. Method A 3-dimensional model of the larynx was created using the ArtiSynth platform ( http://www.artisynth.org ). This model was used to simulate laryngeal articulatory states, including inspiration, glottal fricative, modal prephonation, plain glottal stop, vocal–ventricular stop, and aryepiglotto–epiglottal stop and fricative. Results Speech-relevant laryngeal biomechanics is rich with “quantal” or highly stable regions within muscle activation space. Conclusions Quantal laryngeal biomechanics complement a modular view of speech control and have implications for the articulatory–biomechanical grounding of numerous phonetic and phonological phenomena.

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Runel, Gaël, Noémie Lopez-Ramirez, Julien Chlasta, and Ingrid Masse. "Biomechanical Properties of Cancer Cells." Cells 10, no. 4 (April 13, 2021): 887. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10040887.

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Since the crucial role of the microenvironment has been highlighted, many studies have been focused on the role of biomechanics in cancer cell growth and the invasion of the surrounding environment. Despite the search in recent years for molecular biomarkers to try to classify and stratify cancers, much effort needs to be made to take account of morphological and nanomechanical parameters that could provide supplementary information concerning tissue complexity adaptation during cancer development. The biomechanical properties of cancer cells and their surrounding extracellular matrix have actually been proposed as promising biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. The present review first describes the main methods used to study the mechanical properties of cancer cells. Then, we address the nanomechanical description of cultured cancer cells and the crucial role of the cytoskeleton for biomechanics linked with cell morphology. Finally, we depict how studying interaction of tumor cells with their surrounding microenvironment is crucial to integrating biomechanical properties in our understanding of tumor growth and local invasion.

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Mauntel, Timothy C., Eric G. Post, Darin A. Padua, and David R. Bell. "Sex Differences During an Overhead Squat Assessment." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 31, no. 4 (August 2015): 244–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.2014-0272.

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A disparity exists between the rates of male and female lower extremity injuries. One factor that may contribute to this disparity is high-risk biomechanical patterns that are commonly displayed by females. It is unknown what biomechanical differences exist between males and females during an overhead squat. This study compared lower extremity biomechanics during an overhead squat and ranges of motion between males and females. An electromagnetic motion tracking system interfaced with a force platform was used to quantify peak lower extremity kinematics and kinetics during the descent phase of each squat. Range of motion measurements were assessed with a standard goniometer. Differences between male and female kinematics, kinetics, and ranges of motion were identified with t tests. Males displayed greater peak knee valgus angle, peak hip flexion angle, peak vertical ground reaction forces, and peak hip extension moments. Males also displayed less active ankle dorsiflexion with the knee extended and hip internal and external rotation than females. No other differences were observed. The biomechanical differences between males and females during the overhead squat may result from differences in lower extremity ranges of motion. Therefore, sex-specific injury prevention programs should be developed to improve biomechanics and ranges of motion.

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Lussiana, Thibault, Kim Hébert-Losier, Grégoire P. Millet, and Laurent Mourot. "Biomechanical Changes During a 50-minute Run in Different Footwear and on Various Slopes." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 32, no. 1 (February 2016): 40–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.2015-0108.

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The effects of footwear and inclination on running biomechanics over short intervals are well documented. Although recognized that exercise duration can impact running biomechanics, it remains unclear how biomechanics change over time when running in minimalist shoes and on slopes. Our aims were to describe these biomechanical changes during a 50-minute run and compare them to those observed in standard shoes. Thirteen trained recreational male runners ran 50 minutes at 65% of their maximal aerobic velocity on a treadmill, once in minimalist shoes and once in standard shoes, 1 week apart in a random order. The 50-minute trial was divided into 5-minute segments of running at 0%, +5%, and –5% of treadmill incline sequentially. Data were collected using photocells, high-speed video cameras, and plantar-pressure insoles. At 0% incline, runners exhibited reduced leg stiffness and plantar flexion angles at foot strike and lower plantar pressure at the forefoot and toes in minimalist shoes from minute 34 of the protocol onward. However, only reduced plantar pressure at the toes was observed in standard shoes. Overall, similar biomechanical changes with increased exercise time were observed on the uphill and downhill inclines. The results might be due to the unfamiliarity of subjects to running in minimalist shoes.

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Friedel, Roland, Yong Huang, Rut Tejero, Chrystian Junqueira Alves, Concetta Brusco, Theodore Hannah, Vivian Lee, Guohao Dai, and Hongyan Zou. "TAMI-60. MODULATION OF CELL BIOMECHANICS THROUGH GUIDANCE RECEPTOR PLEXIN-B2 FACILITATES GLIOBLASTOMA INFILTRATION." Neuro-Oncology 23, Supplement_6 (November 2, 2021): vi210—vi211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noab196.842.

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Abstract Infiltrative growth is a major cause of the high lethality of malignant brain tumors such as glioblastoma (GBM). The study of the contribution of biomechanical processes to GBM invasion is an emerging field. We show here that GBM cells upregulate the guidance receptor Plexin-B2 to gain invasiveness by modulating their biomechanical properties. Deletion of Plexin-B2 in GBM stem cells limited tumor spread and shifted invasion paths from axon fiber tracts to perivascular routes. On a cellular level, Plexin-B2 adjusts cell adhesiveness, migratory responses to different matrix stiffness, and actomyosin dynamics, thus empowering GBM cells to leave stiff tumor bulk and infiltrate softer brain parenchyma. Correspondingly, gene signatures affected by Plexin-B2 were associated with locomotor regulation, matrix interactions, and cellular biomechanics. On a molecular level, the intracellular Ras-GAP domain contributed to Plexin-B2 function, while the signaling relationship with downstream effectors Rap1/2 appeared variable between GBM stem cell lines, reflecting intertumoral heterogeneity. Our studies have established Plexin-B2 as a modulator of cell biomechanics that is usurped by GBM cells to gain invasiveness. Ongoing investigations focus on the regulation of the biomechanical properties of cell membrane and cell actomyosin cortex through plexins that provide GBM cells with the mechanical dynamics to penetrate to restricted space.

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Schwarz, R. J., J. W. Brandsma, and D. J. Giurintano. "A Review of the Biomechanics of Intrinsic Replacement in Ulnar Palsy." Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 35, no. 2 (July 10, 2009): 94–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753193408091569.

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The actions of the interossei and lumbricals are many and their loss causes significant impairment of hand function. Many procedures have been described to restore intrinsic function following ulnar nerve palsy. There are many biomechanical issues involved in tendon transfers, including choice of muscle-tendon unit, route, insertion site, tension and drag. The surgeon, therefore, should have a good understanding of biomechanical principles to ensure optimal results. In this article the principles of biomechanics are reviewed with specific reference to tendon transfers for intrinsic reconstruction in ulnar palsy, along with their practical implications.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Biomechanika'

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