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1
Bowles, Roger A. "Hiring preferences of employers of entry-level biomedical equipment technicians in Texas." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2006. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5478/.
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This study examined the signaling strength, or marketing power, of the most common qualifications of entry-level biomedical equipment technicians (BMETs) in Texas, based on stated hiring preferences of BMET managers, using order ranking of fictitious resumes. This study also sought to determine whether certification status, education background, military training background as a BMET, or type of employer [hospital or ISO] of the hiring manager had an effect on hiring preference for applicant qualifications of associate degree, military training as a BMET, or certified biomedical equipment technician (CBET) certification candidacy. Participants were asked to rank 16 fictitious resumes representing the most common qualifications of entry-level BMETs and to fill out a background questionnaire regarding their education, military, certification, and employer. The number of times each resume ranked in first place was tabulated and inter-rater reliability was calculated. Resumes with qualifications of associate degree versus military training as a BMET were compared at three levels of work experience. A chi-square test for independence was conducted for the comparisons to determine whether work experience influenced preference. Chi-square tests were also conducted for comparisons of associate degree with candidacy for CBET certification versus associate degree and military training with CBET candidacy versus military training. No statistically significant results were found for the chi-square tests, indicating that work experience did not significantly influence participant preferences for the compared qualifications. BMET hiring managers indicated a preference for combinations of qualifications rather than any single qualification. Correlations in hiring managers' educational background, certification status, military training as a BMET, type of employer, and preference for applicant qualifications were examined. Statistically significant correlations were found between participants' preference for associate degree or military training and level of education, military training background, and type of employer. Statistically significant correlations were also found between participants' preference of military training with CBET candidacy over military training alone and military training as a BMET background as well as certification background.
2
Botha, Winifred Edna. "Anthropometric variability, equipment usability and musculoskeletal pain in a group of nurses in the Western Cape." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26532.
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This study examined the anthropometry and anthropometric fit of a group of ward and theatre nurses in Western Cape private hospitals. Anthropometric variables were measured using a sample of nurses and a correlation matrix generated. All nurses were given a questionnaire concerned with operational problems in the work environment and musculoskeletal pain. The questionnaire was also completed by a group of sedentary nurses. The ward and theatre nurses reported numerous problems in the working environment, including lumbar backache, inadequate space and equipment that caused bodily discomfort. There were consistent, statistically significant associations between the frequency of occurrence of these problems and the anthropometric data indicating that the problems were caused or amplified by body size variability and were not simply general usability problems which would affect all nurses irrespective of their body dimensions. Further studies testing specifically for the consequences of mismatches and body size variability are recommended.
3
Fernandes, Valter Pires. "Development of an equipment to detect and quantify muscular spasticity." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/11066.
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Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em
Engenharia BiomédicaSpasticity consists of a muscular tonus alteration caused by a flawed central nervous system which results in a hypertonic phenomenon. The presence of spasticity is normally noticeable by the appearance of a denoted velocity dependent “rigidity” throughout the passive mobilization of an affected limb which can be a potential source of constraints in subject independency by negatively affecting the accomplishment of daily basic tasks. Spasticity treatment usually comprises high cost methods and materials. There is also a strict relation between the spasticity grade and the dose that has to be applied to attain the desired effective result. These two facts justify the need for a more precise equipment to detect and quantify muscular spasticity. In the present days, three main groups of spasticity quantification methods coexist: the clinical scales, electrophysiological measurements and the biomechanical measurements. The most used ones are the clinical scales, especially the Modified Ashworth Scale. These scales quantify spasticity based on the perception of muscular response sensed by an operator. In a different field of approach, many instruments have been built to quantify biomechanical magnitudes that have shown direct relation with spasticity. Unfortunately, most of these instruments had either inappropriate size for clinical use, weak result correlation both inter and intra-subject, or a noticeable result dependence on the operator. The objective of this project was to create a reliable method for spasticity detection and quantification that could: be of easy and fast application, have no need for a specialized operator, be portable and present good repeatability and independency from the operator in the produced results. The resulting prototype, named SpastiMed, is a motorized and electronically controlled device which through analysis of the produced signal presented irrefutable proof of its capacity to detect and possibly quantify spasticity while gathering the important characteristics mentioned.
4
FURQUIM, TANIA A. C. "Metodologia para correlação entre doses e detectabilidade em imagens mamográficas padrões: aplicação no estado de Sao Paulo." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2005. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11290.
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Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
5
HONDA, CRISTIANE J. de C. "Aplicação de câmaras de ionização especiais para controle de qualidade em mamografia." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2015. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/23915.
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Submitted by Maria Eneide de Souza Araujo (mearaujo@ipen.br) on 2015-10-07T19:13:10Z
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Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
6
Noury, Norbert. "Système télématique pour l'organisation de l'hospitalisation à domicile." Grenoble 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE10187.
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Le soin prend une place grandissante dans la vie des individus, en meme temps que la relation soigne-soignant se modifie, et que les mutations socio-culturelles, techniques et economiques rendent inadaptee l'hospitalisation classique systematique proposee. Pour repondre a ce besoin, il faut organiser l'hospitalisation a domicile, ce qui necessite de disposer d'un outil de communication permettant la collecte de l'information au domicile et sa mise a disposition des hospitaliers et des medecins de ville. L'outil envisage est base sur la telematique. L'equipement du domicile se compose d'un minitel et d'un dispositif electronique peri-minitel, le biomaster, qui permet l'acquisition de donnees physiologiques directement aupres du patient. Ces donnees sont ulterieurement transmises au serveur et deposees dans une base de donnees et mises a disposition des hospitaliers avec une consultation sur micro-ordinateur pc, et des medecins de ville, depuis un minitel. Tous les acces du systeme sont soumis a un code place sur une carte personnalisee
7
Marroni, Alessandro Cavina. "Problemas de segurança e desempenho em equipamentos eletromédicos associados aos diferentes padrões de alimentação elétrica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3142/tde-14032005-091457/.
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Alguns problemas encontrados na certificação de equipamentos eletromédicos relacionados aos diferentes padrões de alimentação elétrica existentes no Brasil e em outros países são apresentados. Para analisá-los foi executado um conjunto de ensaios em um grupo de equipamentos eletromédicos operando em diferentes padrões de alimentação elétrica. Resultados com diferenças bastante significativas entre as cinco condições de alimentação utilizadas foram obtidos, concluindo-se que há necessidade de uma adaptação normativa que inclua prescrições e requisitos claros relativos às condições de alimentação elétrica nas quais os equipamentos devem ser ensaiados e certificados no Brasil, corrigindo algumas falhas normativas das publicações nacionais.In this research were presented some problems encountered in the medical electrical equipment certification related to different mains supply standards existent in Brazil and in other countries. To analyse it, a set of tests in a group of medical electrical equipment operating in different mains supply was carried out. Results presented differences among the five used conditions of mains supply, indicating the necessity for a normative adaptation, including clear requirements related to the conditions of mains supply in which the equipment must be tested and certified in Brazil and correcting some national standard imperfections.
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LAMMOGLIA, PATRICIA. "Elaboracao e implementacao de testes de controle de qualidade em equipamentos de angiografia por subtracao digital." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2001. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10962.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
FAPESP:99/06803-9
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Sanghani, Aditya Deepak. "QUANTIFICATION OF BLOOD FLOW VELOCITY USING COLOR SENSING." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2015. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1490.
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Blood flow velocity is an important parameter that can give information on several pathologies including atherosclerosis, glaucoma, Raynaud’s phenomenon, and ischemic stroke [2,5,6,10]. Present techniques of measuring blood flow velocity involve expensive procedures such as Doppler echocardiography, Doppler ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging [11,12]. They cost from $8500-$20000. It is desired to find a low-cost yet equally effective solution for measuring blood flow velocity. This thesis has a goal of creating a proof of concept device for measuring blood flow velocity.
Finger blood flow velocity is investigated in this project. The close proximity to the skin of the finger’s arteries makes it a practical selection. A Red Green Blue (RGB) color sensor is integrated with an Arduino Uno microcontroller to analyze color on skin. The initial analysis involved utilization of red RGB values to measure heart rate; this was performed to validate the sensor. This test achieved similar results to an experimental control as the measurements had error ranging from 0% to 6.67%.
The main analysis was to measure blood flow velocity using 2 RGB color sensors. The range of velocity found was 5.20cm/s to 12.22cm/s with an average of 7.44cm/s. This compared well with the ranges found in published data that varied from 4cm/s to 19cm/s. However, there is an error associated with the device that affects the accuracy of the results. The apparatus has the limitation of collecting data between sensors every 102-107ms, so there is a maximum error of 107ms. The average finger blood flow velocity of 7.44cm/s may actually be between 6.17cm/s and 9.39cm/s due to the sampling error. In addition, mean squared error analysis found that the most likely time difference between pulses among those found is 739ms, which corresponds to 5.21cm/s.
Although there is error in the system, the tests for heart rate along with the obtained range and average for finger blood velocity data provided a method for analyzing blood flow velocity. Finger blood velocity was examined in a much more economical manner than its traditional methods that cost between $8500-$20000. The cost for this entire thesis was $99.66, which is a maximum of 1.17% of the cost.
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NERSISSIAN, DENISE Y. "Determinacao das dimensoes do ponto focal de tubos de raios X utilizando um sensor CCD e o metodo das funcoes de transferencias." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2004. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11246.
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Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
11
ALCANTARA, MARCELA C. "Avaliacao dos criterios de qualidade de imagem e estudo das doses em um departamento de mamografia." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2009. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9470.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
12
Debebe, Senait Aknaw. "Quantitative Yttrium-90 Bremsstrahlung SPECT/CT and PET/CT Study for 3D Dosimetry in Radiomicrosphere Therapy." FIU Digital Commons, 2017. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3538.
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Liver cancer ranks the third most common cause of cancer related mortality worldwide. Radiomicrosphere therapy (RMT), a form of radiation therapy, involves administration of Yttrium-90 (90Y) microspheres to the liver via the hepatic artery. 90Y microspheres bremsstrahlung SPECT/CT or PET/CT imaging could potentially identify an extrahepatic uptake. An early detection of such an uptake, thus, could initiate preventative measures early on. However, the quantitative accuracy of bremsstrahlung SPECT/CT images is limited by the wide and continuous energy spectrum of 90Y bremsstrahlung photons. 90Y PET/CT imaging is also possible but limited by the extremely small internal pair production decay. These limitation lead to inaccurate quantitation of microsphere biodistribution especially in small tumors.
SPECT/CT and PET/CT acquisition of a Jasczak phantom with eight spherical inserts filled with 90Y3Cl solution were performed to measure the quantitative accuracy of the two imaging modalities. 90Y microsphere SPECT/CT data of 17 patients who underwent RMT for primary or metastatic liver cancer were acquired. Technetium-99m macroaggregated albumin (99mTc-MAA) SPECT/CT scans were also collected, but available for only twelve of the patients. SPECT/CT images from phantoms were used to determine the optimal iteration number for the iterative spatial resolution recovery algorithm. Methods for image based calculation of calibration factors for activity estimation from the patient and phantom 90Y bremsstrahlung SPECT/CT images were developed. Tumor areas were segmented using an active contour method. The 99mTc-MAA and 90Y microsphere SPECT/CT images were co-registered a priori for correlation analysis. Comparison of uptake on 99mTc-MAA and 90Y microsphere SPECT/CT images was assessed using tumor to healthy liver ratios. Furthermore, a three dimensional absorbed dose estimation algorithm was developed using the voxel S-value method. Absorbed doses within the tumor and healthy part of the liver were investigated for correlation with administered activity.
Improvement in contrast to noise ratio and contrast recovery coefficients (QH) on patient and phantom 90Y bremsstrahlung SPECT/CT images as well as PET/CT images were achieved. Total activity estimations in liver and phantom gave mean percent errors of -4 ± 12% and -23 ± 41% for patient and phantom SPECT/CT studies. The pre and post-treatment images showed significant correlation (r = 0.9, p < 0.05) with mean TLR of 9.2 ± 9.4 and 5.0 ± 2.2 on 99mTc-MAA and 90Y microspheres SPECT/CT respectively. The correlation between the administered activity and tumor absorbed dose was weak (r = 0.5, p > 0.05), however, healthy liver absorbed dose increased with administered activity (r = 0.8, p < 0.05).
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Maria, Renata Manzano 1987. "Aprimoramento e aplicação clínica de um aparelho para avaliação de espasticidade em lesados medulares = Improvement and clinical application of an equipment designed to evaluate spasticity in spinal cord injured patients." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/312467.
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Orientador: Alberto Cliquet JúniorDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
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Resumo: Neste projeto é apresentada uma proposta de um sistema completo para coletar, processar e analisar sinais resultantes do teste pendular, com a finalidade de avaliar a espasticidade na prática clínica. Comumente apresentado por lesados medulares, a espasticidade pode ser quantificada pela análise dos sinais de ângulo da articulação do joelho e de vibração do quadríceps durante o balanço, monitorados por um eletrogoniômetro e um acelerômetro triaxial, respectivamente. O acompanhamento de cinco pacientes, durante o programa de reabilitação, permitiu estabelecer uma relação entre os indicadores calculados, evidenciando uma relação positiva entre índice de relaxamento - R2n, razão de amplitude - R1, valor quadrático médio ¿ RMS e envoltórias do sinal para casos de espasticidade severa. Comprova-se assim a maior aplicabilidade do acelerômetro nestes casos, e a possibilidade de utilização do acelerômetro no teste pendular para quantificação da espasticidade como forma complementar
Abstract: In this project is presented a proposal of a complete system to acquire, process and analyze pendulum test signals, aiming to assess spasticity in clinical practice. Often presented by spinal cord injured people, spasticity can be quantified by signals of knee joint angle and quadriceps vibration during the swing, monitored by an electrogoniometer and a triaxial accelerometer, respectively. Five patients following, through the rehabilitation program, made possible to establish a relation between relaxation index - R2n, amplitude ratio - R1, root mean square (RMS) and wrapped signals to severe spasticity. Thus, it is confirmed that, in these cases, accelerometer is more efficient and its feasibility is ratified as a possibility in pendulum test to quantify spasticity
Mestrado
Fisiopatologia Cirúrgica
Mestra em Ciências
14
Piccinini, Patricia Strapasson. "Sistema de informação para gerenciamento de equipamentos médicos-hospitalares." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2016. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1870.
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Os equipamentos médicos, sob regime da Vigilância Sanitária, compreendem todos os equipamentos de uso em saúde com finalidade médica, odontológica, laboratorial ou fisioterápica, utilizados direta ou indiretamente para diagnóstico, terapia, reabilitação ou monitorização de seres humanos. A manutenção desses equipamentos é atribuída a área de engenharia clínica. A engenharia clínica atua no desenvolvimento, gerenciamento, manutenção, incorporação e capacitação dos equipamentos médicos-hospitalares (EMH) dentro do hospital, visando contribuir com a qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Para melhorar a gestão destes equipamentos, aliou-se a informática, por meio dos sistemas de informação à área de manutenção. Os softwares destinados à área hospitalar existentes, são na maioria comerciais, caros e estão voltados à gestão dos pacientes, gestão de leitos e prontuários. A existência dos sistemas de informatização com a finalidade de auxiliar na manutenção, pode reduzir o tempo e o custo destinado a esta atividade. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar e implementar um sistema de informação para gerenciamento de manutenção de EMH. Este sistema é 100% Web, multiplataforma, que usa um método de priorização para manutenções preventiva e corretivas. Foram criados formulários personalizados para cada EMH visando a padronização de como serão armazenadas as soluções de cada manutenção. Para o desenvolvimento do sistema, foi aplicada a Análise Orientada a Objetos, por meio de técnicas da engenharia de software. O código do sistema foi desenvolvido usando a linguagem de programação PHP, utilizando um framework frontend Bootstrap e um banco de dados PostgreSQL. Com o sistema pronto foram criados métodos de testes de software disponibilizando roteiros para testar a usabilidade do software. Comparando o SIGEMH e outros softwares disponíveis no mercado, foi constatado que a maioria contempla os aspectos gerenciais de EMH, enquanto que o SIGEMH tem como meta a priorização e a padronização de formulários referentes às manutenções. Algumas funcionalidades existentes no outros softwares não foram desenvolvidas, mas implementou-se novas funcionalidades, tais como: o armazenamento de normas técnicas e manuais para pesquisas on-line, a padronização dos formulários pós manutenção e o método de priorização que define as ordens dos equipamentos para a realização dos serviços.The medical equipment, under sanitary vigilance rules, comprehend all equipment in use in the health field with medical, odontological, laboratorial or physiotherapeutic purpose, which are used either directly or indirectly for diagnosis, therapy, rehabilitation, or monitoring of human beings. The maintenance of these equipment is attributed to the clinical engineering area. The clinical engineering acts on development, management, maintenance and capacitation of medical-hospital equipment (MHE), within the hospital, aiming to contribute to the patients? quality of life. In order to improve the management of these equipment, it has allied with informatics, by means of information systems in the maintenance field. Most of the existing softwares for the hospital area are commercial, expensive and are meant to patients, beds and medical records managing. The existence of informatization systems with the aim of helping maintenance may cut down the time and the cost for this activity. The purpose of this study is to analyze and to implement an information system for managing the maintenance of MHE. This system is 100% Web, multiplatform, and uses a prioritizing method for preventive and corrective maintenance. Customized forms were created for each MHE, aiming the standardization of storage of solutions for each maintenance. For the developing of the system, the Object Oriented Analysis was applied, with techniques of software engineering. The system code was developed using PHP programming language, using a Bootstrap frontend framework and a PostgreSQL database. When the system was ready, software testing methods were created, providing itineraries to test the software?s usability. Comparing to SIGEMH and other softwares on the market, it was found that the majority regards the managing aspects of MHE, while SIGEMH aims the prioritization and standardization of forms relative to maintenance. Some functionalities present in other softwares were not developed, but new functionalities were implemented, such as: storage of technical rules and manuals for online searching, standardization of post-maintenance forms and the method which defines the order of equipment for service execution.
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GUERRA, ALINE B. "Estabelecimento e controle de qualidade de feixes padroes de radiacao X para calibracao de instrumentos, nivel mamografia." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2001. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10849.
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Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
16
Barbre, Evan Allen. "LASER ETCHED PMMA MICROFLUIDIC CHIP DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE WITH APPLICATIONS IN CAPILLARY ZONE ELECTROPHORESIS." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2011. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/448.
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This thesis encompasses a feasibility study of using low-cost materials to manufacture microfluidic chips that can perform the same functions as chips manufactured using traditional methods within an acceptable range of efficiency of chips created with more exotic methods and materials. The major parts of the project are the selection and characterization of the fabrication methods for creating the channels for fluid flow, the methods for sealing the channels to create a usable chip and the electrophoretic separations of carboxylated microspheres of different potentials. In this work we seek to answer the question if laser-etched PMMA microfluidic chips are comparable in functionality to microfluidic chips created with PDMS or glass. In the process of answering this question we will touch on FEA modeling, characterization of the manufacturing process and multiple prototype designs while keeping within the low-cost theme.
The purpose of capillary electrophoresis is to separate proteins based on their inherent electric charge. Capillary electrophoresis is a standard chip design used in the microfluidics world to prove a new fabrication method or chip material before branching out to other experiments because it is a fairly simple and robust design. Common problems associated with the manufacturing methods and materials were taken into account such as electroosmotic flow and chip sealing. CZE designs from literature were referenced to create a chip that would separate carboxylated microbeads with reasonable resolution. Wire electrodes were affixed to the chip to induce electric fields for the electrophoresis experiments. The goal of this thesis is to prove the manufacturing methods and attain results within 70% of literature standards.
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Spirakis, Athanasios Apostolou. "A qualitative holographic study of hemipelvic and acetabular deformation caused by different hip prostheses." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25792.
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Aseptic loosening of the components is probably the most common long-term complication resulting in failure of Total Hip Arthroplasty. The mechanical behaviour of bone under load is one of the contributory causes of loosening encountered at the prosthesis/cement/bone interface. The present study dealt with a series of invitro experiments conducted on epoxy resin models of human hemi-pelves with different commercially available acetabular components implanted in them. These are used for the construction of simplified models of the artificial hip joint (three-dimensional) and of the prosthesis/cement/bone acetabular interface (two-dimensional). Loading conditions for the models included tensioning of the simulated abductor muscles for the hemi-pelvic and femoral loading for the prosthesis/cement/bone interface study. The experimental method employed was real-time holographic interferometry, a stress analysis technique recently used in the biomechanical field, which permitted whole-field simultaneously inspection of deformation patterns. The holographic interferograms were interpreted in a qualitative rather than a quantitative manner. The models do not exactly represent the in-vivo situation. Since this study identified high stresses both in the hip bone as well as in the interface (prosthesis/bone) it is suggested that these stresses are implicated in the mechanical pathogenesis of loosening. The observed changes in stress levels detected in our models could serve as a guide for future designs of acetabular prostheses as well as guide a in surgical techniques.
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Tageson, Mackenzie Elizabeth. "FUNCTIONAL 3-D CELLULOSE & NITROCELLULOSE PAPER-BASED, MULITPLEX DIAGNOSTIC PLATFORMS WITHOUT COUPLING AGENTS." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2013. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1128.
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The purpose of this thesis was to demonstrate device functionality of 3-D paper-based, multiplex platforms, µPADs, without the use of coupling agents between layers. Previously, these platforms were fabricated with double-sided tape and cellulose powder to try to augment proper fluid routing, but difficulties with this method occurred. An acrylic housing unit with strategically placed pressure tabs was designed to aid horizontal and vertical fluid routing through the platform, thus eliminating the inconsistencies associated with coupling agents. Channel characterization studies, a COMSOLTM simulation, and development time studies were performed to aid device design and demonstrate device functionality.
The implementation of this µPAD platform as a diagnostic instrument was validated via lateral flow immunoassays utilizing both biotinylated antibodies and biotinylated aptamers as capture reagents. Successful detection of the target analyte, IgE, as well as successful fluid routing through multiple layers of membrane was demonstrated by immunoassays performed on 3-D, multiplex platforms. Another important result determined the aptamers’ ability to detect IgE to be statistically the same as the antibodies’ ability; thus confirming aptamers as viable capture reagent alternatives to antibodies in lateral flow assays. Overall, this research project was performed to develop and validate via experiment a prototype paper-based microfluidic diagnostic device, µPAD, with the capability to detect multiple biomarkers on one platform.
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Hillig, Mark Alexander. "Automated Channel Assessment for Single Chip MedRadio Transceivers." PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1005.
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Modern implantable and body worn medical devices leverage wireless telemetry to improve patient experience and expand therapeutic options. Wireless medical devices are subject to a unique set of regulations in which monitoring of the available frequency spectrum is a requirement. To this end, implants use software protocols to assess the in-band activity to determine which channel should be used. These software protocols take valuable processing time and possibly degrade the operational lifetime of the battery. Implantable medical devices often take advantage of a single chip transceiver as the physical layer for wireless communications. Embedding the channel assessment task in the transceiver hardware would free the limited resources of the microprocessor. This thesis proposes hardware modifications to existing transceiver architectures which would provide an automated channel assessment means for implantable medical devices. The results are applicable beyond medical device applications and could be employed to benefit any low-power, wireless, battery-operated equipment.
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Li, Hancao. "Modeling and control of a pressure-limited respirator and lung mechanics." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/47667.
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The lungs are particularly vulnerable to acute, critical illness. Respiratory failure can result not only from primary lung pathology, such as pneumonia, but also as a secondary consequence of heart failure or inflammatory illness, such as sepsis or trauma. When this occurs, it is essential to support patients with mechanical ventilation while the fundamental disease process is addressed. The goal of mechanical ventilation is to ensure adequate ventilation, which involves a magnitude of gas exchange that leads to the desired blood level of carbon dioxide, and adequate oxygenation that ensures organ function. Achieving these goals is complicated by the fact that mechanical ventilation can actually cause acute lung injury, either by inflating the lungs to excessive volumes or by using excessive pressures to inflate the lungs. Thus, the challenge to mechanical ventilation is to produce the desired blood levels of carbon dioxide and oxygen without causing further acute lung injury.
In this research, we develop an analysis and control synthesis framework for a pressure-limited respirator and lung mechanics system using compartment models. Specifically, a general mathematical model is developed for the dynamic behavior of a multicompartment respiratory system. Then, based on this multicompartment model, an optimal respiratory pattern is characterized using classical calculus of variations minimization techniques for inspiratory and expiratory breathing cycles. Furthermore, model predictive controller frameworks are designed to track the given optimal respiratory air flow pattern while satisfying control input amplitude and rate constrains.
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Dong, Lixin. "DIFFUSE OPTICAL MEASUREMENTS OF HEAD AND NECK TUMOR HEMODYNAMICS FOR EARLY PREDICTION OF CHEMO-RADIATION THERAPY OUTCOMES." UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/cbme_etds/35.
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Chemo-radiation therapy is a principal modality for the treatment of head and neck cancers, and its efficacy depends on the interaction of tumor oxygen with free radicals. In this study, we adopted a novel hybrid diffuse optical instrument combining a commercial frequency-domain tissue oximeter (Imagent) and a custom-made diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) flowmeter, which allowed for simultaneous measurements of tumor blood flow and blood oxygenation. Using this hybrid instrument we continually measured tumor hemodynamic responses to chemo-radiation therapy over the treatment period of 7 weeks. We also explored monitoring dynamic tumor hemodynamic changes during radiation delivery. Blood flow data analysis was improved by simultaneously extracting multiple parameters from one single autocorrelation function curve measured by DCS. Patients were classified into two groups based on clinical outcomes: a complete response (CR) group and an incomplete response (IR) group with remote metastasis and/or local recurrence within one year. Interestingly, we found human papilloma virus (HPV-16) status largely affected tumor homodynamic responses to therapy. Significant differences in tumor blood flow index (BFI) and reduced scattering coefficient (μs’) between the IR and CR groups were observed in HPV-16 negative patients at Week 3. Significant differences in oxygenated hemoglobin concentration ([HbO2]) and blood oxygen saturation (StO2) between the two groups were found in HPV-16 positive patients at Week 1 and Week 3, respectively. Receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed and results indicated high sensitivities and specificities of these hemodynamic parameters for early (within the first three weeks of the treatment) prediction of one-year treatment outcomes. Measurement of tumor hemodynamics may serve as a predictive tool allowing treatment selection based on biologic tumor characteristics. Ultimately, reduction of side effects in patients not benefiting from radiation treatment may be feasible.
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Rodriguez-Velez, Ayshka Elise. "Power Mobility Sensor Data Collection Verified through Standardized Pediatric Assessments." UNF Digital Commons, 2018. https://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/828.
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The collaboration between the School of Engineering and the Department of Physical Therapy at the University of North Florida has introduced the possibility of creating a new environment for pediatric physical therapy assessments. There are currently no methods for remotely monitoring children with impairments. However, with embedded sensor technology in the form of power mobility and accepted therapy assessment tools, remote monitoring can become a possibility. As a part of this work, a ride-on toy car was developed as a remote monitoring device and a case study with a child with a mobility impairment was used as a proof of concept. In this thesis, the background information on the project, the case study diagnosis and history, and the model used to develop this project are detailed.
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Scarpin, Jorge Alberto. "Detector de raios X baseado no diodo pin." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2016. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2693.
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A radiação ionizante possibilitou à medicina a utilização do diagnóstico por imagem, cuja finalidade é obter uma avaliação médica dos tecidos e funções orgânicas do corpo humano. O seu uso, entretanto, trouxe alguns inconvenientes, como o excesso de radiação a que uma pessoa pode ficar exposta, podendo trazer graves consequências a sua saúde. Normas internacionais orientam quanto ao uso de equipamentos que se utilizam de radiação, quanto às doses sobre os pacientes e trabalhadores ocupacionais, bem como fornecem recomendações quanto à utilização dos equipamentos que produzem os raios X. Nos últimos anos, foram implementados programas para a garantia da qualidade para as empresas prestadoras de serviços radiológicos e para os equipamentos utilizados, trazendo assim, o maior benefício possível para aqueles que se utilizam da radiação ionizante. A proposta deste trabalho é promover uma análise sobre a utilização de um circuito simples e barato, capaz de detectar os raios X emitidos por um aparelho de radiodiagnóstico médico. O circuito elétrico utilizado contém um sistema de detecção de raios X utilizando como transdutor um diodo PIN. Através de quatro aparelhos de raios X fixos e um móvel, foram realizadas várias exposições com valores de tensão em kV, corrente em mA e tempo em s, que mostraram que o sensor foi capaz de detectar esta radiação para os diferentes valores ajustados no aparelho. O circuito foi desenvolvido baseado num sensor do tipo diodo PIN, elemento de reduzida dimensão, que pode ser operado à temperatura ambiente, e é capaz de indicar, através do sensor, a interação da junção com fótons de raios X possibilitando a detecção da energia destes fótons emitidos e teste de vazamento de radiação e acessórios radiológicos.Ionizing radiation allowed the medical use of diagnostic imaging, whose purpose is to obtain a medical evaluation of tissues and physiological functions of the human body. Its use, however, brought some problems, such as excessive radiation that a person can be exposed. International standards guide on the use of equipment that use radiation, as the doses on patients and occupational workers, and provide recommendations on the use of equipment that produce the X-rays. In recent years, programs have been implemented to guarantee the quality, thus bringing the greatest benefit to those who use ionizing radiation. The purpose of this work is to promote an analysis of the use of a simple circuit capable of detecting the Xrays emitted by a medical diagnostic radiology apparatus. The electrical circuit used contains an X-ray detection system using as transducer a PIN diode. The circuit is simple and inexpensive. Through a fixed X-ray apparatus, multiple exposures were performed with voltage values in kV, current mA and time s that showed the sensor could detect the presence of this radiation for different values set in the apparatus. The circuit was developed based on a diode type PIN sensor, small size element that can be operated at room temperature, and is able to indicate, via the sensor, the interaction of the junction with X-ray photons enabling the detection of the energy of these emitted photons and test the undesirable radiation emitted and radiological accessories.
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VAZQUEZ, JORGE ARTURO. "NERVE FIBER DIAMETER MEASUREMENTS USING HEMATOXYLIN AND EOSIN STAINING AND BRIGHTFIELD MICROSCOPY TO ASSESS THE NOVEL METHOD OF CHARACTERIZING PERIPHERAL NERVE FIBER DISTRIBUTIONS BY GROUP DELAY." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2014. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1293.
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Peripheral neuropathies are a set of common diseases that affect the peripheral nervous system, causing damage to vital connections between various parts of the body and the brain and spinal cord. Different clinical conditions are known to selectively impact various size nerve fibers, which often makes it difficult to diagnose which peripheral neuropathy a patient might have. The nerve conduction velocity diagnostic test provides clinically useful information in the diagnosis of some peripheral neuropathies. This method is advantageous because it tends to be minimally invasive yet it provides valuable diagnostic information. However, this test does not determine characteristics of peripheral nerve fiber size distributions, and therefore does not show any detailed information regarding the nerve fibers within the nerve trunk. Being able to determine which nerve fibers are contributing to the evoked potential within a nerve trunk could provide additional information to clinicians for the diagnosis of specific pathologies of the peripheral nervous system, such as chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy or early diabetic peripheral neuropathy. In this study, three rat sciatic nerves are sectioned and stained with hematoxylin and eosin in order to measure the nerve fiber diameters within the nerve trunk. Stained samples are viewed using brightfield microscopy and images are analyzed using ImageJ. Histograms were created to show the frequency of various nerve fiber diameters. The nerve fiber diameters measured during this research are consistent with the range of previously published diameter values and will be used to support continuing research for a novel method to characterize peripheral nerve fiber size distributions using group delay.
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Miguel, Cristiano. "Avaliação das condições de radioproteção em radiologia intraoral." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2015. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1159.
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Este estudo apresenta a avaliação das condições de radioproteção em radiologia intraoral. A pesquisa foi realizada em parceria com o Instituto de Radioproteção e Dosimetria da Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear (IRD/CNEN). A coleta de dados foi feita por meio de pesquisa de campo quantitativa de caráter descritivo durante o período de setembro de 2013 a dezembro de 2014. Participaram voluntariamente do estudo, odontólogos da cidade de Curitiba - PR que atuam com equipamentos de raios X intraorais. A amostra da pesquisa consistiu em 97 odontólogos e 130 equipamentos intraorais instalados em 74 locais de atendimentos distribuídos em 39 bairros da cidade de Curitiba - PR. Foram avaliadas 21 clínicas odontológicas, 40 consultórios odontológicos, 1 hospital universitário, 8 unidades municipais de atendimento odontológico e 4 instituições de ensino. Os dados foram coletados por meio de formulários preenchidos pelo pesquisador, pelos odontólogos, e pela avaliação de controle de qualidade dos equipamentos de raios X. As avaliações de dose de entrada na pele, tamanho de campo de radiação e filtração total foram realizadas com kits dosimétricos fornecidos e avaliados pelo IRD/CNEN. As medidas do tempo de exposição e da tensão dos equipamentos de raios X foram realizadas com detectores não invasivos. A dose ocupacional dos odontólogos foi verificada com dosímetros termoluminescentes. Por meio de formulários e de um questionário (aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa de Seres Humanos - UTFPR) foi possível identificar as características técnicas dos equipamentos, avaliar os procedimentos de trabalho e o conhecimento dos odontólogos em relação à radioproteção. Com os resultados da pesquisa é possível destacar que apenas 10% dos equipamentos avaliados atendem a todas as exigências das normas de radioproteção do Brasil. Entretanto, 84,5% das doses de entrada na pele dos pacientes foram consideradas como conforme. Em relação à exposição ocupacional, a radiologia intraoral mostra-se segura, porém os procedimentos de trabalho dos odontólogos, referentes à radioproteção podem ser otimizados. Grande parte dos odontólogos não utiliza posicionador na sua rotina, fazem o processamento químico das radiografias através do método visual, usam sempre o mesmo tempo de exposição para todas as regiões anatômicas e não observam os pacientes durante a aquisição das imagens. O estudo sugere que a falta de conhecimento e de interesse dos odontólogos em relação à radioproteção, a falta de manutenção periódica dos equipamentos e a falta de fiscalização da agência regulamentadora são os responsáveis pelas não conformidades observadas.This study presents an evaluation of the radiation protection conditions in intraoral radiology. The survey was conducted in partnership with the Radiation Protection and Dosimetry Institute of the National Commission of Nuclear Energy (IRD/CNEN). Data collection was performed using quantitative field research in a descriptive way during the period of september 2013 to december 2014. The study had the voluntarily participation of dentists in the city of Curitiba – PR, working with intraoral X-ray equipment. The research sample consisted of 97 dentists and 130 intraoral equipments which are installed in 74 care locations distributed in 39 neighborhoods in the city of Curitiba - PR. The study evaluated 21 dental clinics, 40 dental offices, 1 hospital, 8 municipal units of dental care and 4 educational institutions. Data were collected through forms checked out by the researcher, by dentists and the quality control evaluation of X-ray equipment. The evaluation of the entrance skin dose, radiation field size and total filtration were performed with dosimetric kits supplied and evaluated by IRD/CNEN. The exposure time and voltage measures of X-ray equipment were performed with noninvasive detectors. Occupational dose was measured with thermoluminescent dosimeters. Through appropriate forms and a questionnaire (approved by the Ethics Committee of Human being Research - UTFPR) it was possible to identify the technical characteristics of the equipment, review the working procedures and knowledge of the dentists in relation to radiation protection. Among the search results it is important to emphasize that only 10% of the evaluated equipment reaches all requirements of the Brazilian radiation protection standards. However, 84,5% of the entrance skin dose delivered to the patients was considered in accordance. Regarding occupational exposure, the intraoral X-rays seem to be safe, but the dentist’s working procedures, related to the radiation protection, can be optimized. Most dentists do not use positioners in their routine, make the chemical processing of X-rays through the visual method, routinely use the same exposure time for all anatomic regions and do not observe patients during image acquisition. The study suggests that the dentists’s lack of knowledge and interest in radiological protection, the lack of equipment regular maintenance and the lack of regulatory agency supervision are the responsible for the nonconformities observed.
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Thomas, Sarah Helen. "A BRAIN-COMPUTER INTERFACE FOR CLOSED-LOOP SENSORY STIMULATION DURING MOTOR TRAINING IN PATIENTS WITH TETRAPLEGIA." UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/cbme_etds/56.
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Normal movement execution requires proper coupling of motor and sensory activation. An increasing body of literature supports the idea that incorporation of sensory stimulation into motor rehabilitation practices increases its effectiveness. Paired associative stimulation (PAS) studies, in which afferent and efferent pathways are activated in tandem, have brought attention to the importance of well-timed stimulation rather than non-associative (i.e., open-loop) activation. In patients with tetraplegia resulting from spinal cord injury (SCI), varying degrees of upper limb function may remain and could be harnessed for rehabilitation. Incorporating associative sensory stimulation coupled with self-paced motor training would be a means for supplementing sensory deficits and improving functional outcomes. In a motor rehabilitation setting, it seems plausible that sensory feedback stimulation in response to volitional movement execution (to the extent possible), which is not utilized in most PAS protocols, would produce greater benefits. This capability is developed and tested in the present study by implementing a brain-computer interface (BCI) to apply sensory stimulation synchronized with movement execution through the detection of movement intent in real time from electroencephalography (EEG). The results demonstrate that accurate sensory stimulation application in response to movement intent is feasible in SCI patients with chronic motor deficit and often precedes the onset of movement, which is deemed optimal by PAS investigations that do not involve a volitional movement task.
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Boltshauser, Rasmus. "Development of a Novel Device for Optimal Sample Blood Volume Collection from Patients with Sepsis." Thesis, KTH, Medicinteknik och hälsosystem, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-279133.
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When performing sepsis diagnosis, the most important preanalytical variable is blood volume. Too little blood increases the risk for false negatives whereas overfilling causes increased risk for false positives. Even though this fact is known, there are case studies showing that in a majority of tests, the taken blood sample volume is not the recommended amount. As previously tried methods have been limited in their ability to tackle the problem this study aimed at creating a technical device to aid healthcare providers with blood volume sample collection. As a base, the double diamond approach by the Design Council was used. This design approach splits up the design process in four distinctly different phases (discover, define, develop, and deliver) all using their own methods to aid the creative process. After completing the discover and define phase it was determined that a non-contact capacitance liquid level sensor could operate as an ideal blood volume sample device. During the development and delivery phase prototypes were created and evaluated. The final results of this work could not give conclusive evidence concerning if a non-contact liquid level sensor could operate as an ideal blood volume collection device. The methodological approach used in this thesis can be used as inspiration for a designer to create a device for a similar or different purpose. Moreover, information from this thesis can also work as reference material to develop a device to perform ideal blood volume sample collection. Such a device would have the potential to be an essential part of the everyday workflow in sample collection from patients with sepsis worldwide and would aid in ensures effective and fast diagnostics.
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Hassani, Miloud. "Contribution à l'étude et la réalisation d'un analyseur temps réel de complexe moteur migrant." Rouen, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ROUES004.
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bhardwaj, vinay. "Label-free surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy-linked immunosensor assay (SLISA) for environmental surveillance." FIU Digital Commons, 2015. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2321.
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The contamination of the environment, accidental or intentional, in particular with chemical toxins such as industrial chemicals and chemical warfare agents has increased public fear. There is a critical requirement for the continuous detection of toxins present at very low levels in the environment. Indeed, some ultra-sensitive analytical techniques already exist, for example chromatography and mass spectroscopy, which are approved by the US Environmental Protection Agency for the detection of toxins. However, these techniques are limited to the detection of known toxins. Cellular expression of genomic and proteomic biomarkers in response to toxins allows monitoring of known as well as unknown toxins using Polymerase Chain Reaction and Enzyme Linked Immunosensor Assays. However, these molecular assays allow only the endpoint (extracellular) detection and use labels such as fluorometric, colorimetric and radioactive, which increase chances of uncertainty in detection. Additionally, they are time, labor and cost intensive. These technical limitations are unfavorable towards the development of a biosensor technology for continuous detection of toxins. Federal agencies including the Departments of Homeland Security, Agriculture, Defense and others have urged the development of a detect-to-protect class of advanced biosensors, which enable environmental surveillance of toxins in resource-limited settings.
In this study a Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) immunosensor, aka a SERS-linked immunosensor assay (SLISA), has been developed. Colloidal silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were used to design a flexible SERS immunosensor. The SLISA proof-of-concept biosensor was validated by the measurement of a dose dependent expression of RAD54 and HSP70 proteins in response to H2O2 and UV. A prototype microchip, best suited for SERS acquisition, was fabricated using an on-chip SLISA to detect RAD54 expression in response to H2O2. A dose-response relationship between H2O2 and RAD54 is established and correlated with EPA databases, which are established for human health risk assessment in the events of chemical exposure. SLISA outperformed ELISA by allowing RISE (rapid, inexpensive, simple and effective) detection of proteins within 2 hours and 3 steps. It did not require any label and provided qualitative information on antigen-antibody binding. SLISA can easily be translated to a portable assay using a handheld Raman spectrometer and it can be used in resource-limited settings. Additionally, this is the first report to deliver Ag NPs using TATHA2, a fusogenic peptide with cell permeability and endosomal rupture release properties, for rapid and high levels of Ag NPs uptake into yeast without significant toxicity, prerequisites for the development of the first intracellular SERS immunosensor.
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Persaud-Sharma, Dharam. "An Assessment of Novel Biodegradable Magnesium Alloys for Endovascular Biomaterial Applications." FIU Digital Commons, 2013. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/950.
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Magnesium alloys have been widely explored as potential biomaterials, but several limitations to using these materials have prevented their widespread use, such as uncontrollable degradation kinetics which alter their mechanical properties. In an attempt to further the applicability of magnesium and its alloys for biomedical purposes, two novel magnesium alloys Mg-Zn-Cu and Mg-Zn-Se were developed with the expectation of improving upon the unfavorable qualities shown by similar magnesium based materials that have previously been explored. The overall performance of these novel magnesium alloys has been assessesed in three distinct phases of research: 1) analysing the mechanical properties of the as-cast magnesium alloys, 2) evaluating the biocompatibility of the as-cast magnesium alloys through the use of in-vitro cellular studies, and 3) profiling the degradation kinetics of the as-cast magnesium alloys through the use of electrochemical potentiodynamic polarization techqnique as well as gravimetric weight-loss methods. As compared to currently available shape memory alloys and degradable as-cast alloys, these experimental alloys possess superior as-cast mechanical properties with elongation at failure values of 12% and 13% for the Mg-Zn-Se and Mg-Zn-Se alloys, respectively. This is substantially higher than other as-cast magnesium alloys that have elongation at failure values that range from 7-10%. Biocompatibility tests revealed that both the Mg-Zn-Se and Mg-Zn-Cu alloys exhibit low cytotoxicity levels which are suitable for biomaterial applications. Gravimetric and electrochemical testing was indicative of the weight loss and initial corrosion behavior of the alloys once immersed within a simulated body fluid. The development of these novel as-cast magnesium alloys provide an advancement to the field of degradable metallic materials, while experimental results indicate their potential as cost-effective medical devices.
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Herrmann, Théodore. "Centrales de mesures numériques, longue durée, portables pour l'acquisition de signaux physiologiques." Saint-Etienne, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STET4011.
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Le premier appareil est un ensemble de détection portable pour la médecine nucléaire. Il permet de compter des rayons gamma, sur deux voies suivant une période d'échantillonnage variable et durant plus de 24 heures. Le second appareil mesure 4 paramètres (fréquence cardiaque, activité, températures ambiante et cutanée) durant plus de 15 jours
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Moral, Zamora Beatriz del. "Bioimpedance & dielectrophoresis instrumentation equipments for living cells manipulation and monitoring." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/395178.
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Since the first microfluidic device was developed in the early 1950s, when the basics for today’s inkjet technology were set, thousands of publications have appeared related to the topic. The increasing interest on these technologies is caused by its ability to be scaled and its rapid development, which allows manipulating and detecting small quantities of analites even at the cellular scale. The integration of microfluidic technologies with specific sensors and actuators at minute scales in order to achieve a set of automated laboratory operations and perform a particular solution for a specific application, generally on the life sciences and chemistry fields, was defined as Lab-on-a-chip (LoC). LoC devices have the potential to become a powerful technology for some fields, such as health, food security or environmental control. Their low cost and portability make them also suitable to improve medical diagnosis and research in developing countries. Moreover, these systems permit also to explore new methods for manipulation and characterization of cells by means of electrical cell properties, by using techniques such as dielectrophoresis (DEP) or impedance spectroscopy (IS). In fact, the dielectrophoretic force allows manipulating cells, taking advantage of their electrical properties, by applying an electric field. Likewise, impedance allows measuring electrical properties of materials and, used wisely, inform about characteristics such as presence, composition or size of cells or other biological materials.
This work aims, in its final stage, to exploit the combined potential of both techniques, DEP and IS, in a compact system for bioanalytical bench-top applications. The creation of the complete device has been a long procedure alternating theoretical calculations and experimental tests. It has included different steps such as the design of the need electronic equipment stages, the study of different microfluidic designs, an accurate bacteria concentration and manipulation protocol definition, and the study of the viability of the bacteria populations recovered with our device. These studies have made possible to finally obtain an automated bacteria concentrator for microbiology, food, water and environmental control applications while performing impedance cell analysis to monitor bacteria accumulation during the process. The system has been adjusted and proved for the real case of Escherichia Coli (E. coli) concentration and analysis. E. coli presents pathogenic variants that cause morbidity and mortality worldwide being therefore a topic of interest. E. coli is one of the main antimicrobials resistant pathogens in healthcare-associated infections reported to the National Healthcare Safety Network, being the primary cause of widespread pathologies such as significant diarrheal and extra-intestinal diseases or urinary tract infections. Furthermore, E. coli can be found as a bacterial food contamination and causes avian coli-bacillosis, one of the major bacterial diseases in the poultry industry and the most common avian disease communicable to humans. Currently, bacterium presence detection involve long time culture processes only to obtain a valid sample which could be properly detected. DEP concentration is a strong selective manipulation method which allows reducing sample preparation time. Moreover, by taking profit of IS, E. coli could be rapidly detected in the same equipment. For that reason, it is thought the proposed devices will be a useful tool for some current microbiology laboratories.
Hence the mainly aims of the present thesis are: (I) to prove the feasibility of custom DEP generator for controlling bacteria and find the best signal to accomplish this, (II) to look for the best microfluidic chip option for bacteria preconcentration purposes on bioanalytical applications, (III) to test the feasibility of a custom IS device and (IV) to use the previous studies to design a complete electronic equipment, taken profit of combination of both techniques to have an autonomous system (V) To demonstrate the proof of concept of the full device with the real case of E. coli concentration.El objetivo de esta tesis es el diseño de una instrumentación capaz de manipular y caracterizar células, a fin de realizar análisis más exhaustivos de elementos biológicos y acelerar procesos de detección de patógenos para aplicaciones de diagnóstico o de control de calidad de alimentos. El dispositivo se centra en dos tipos de técnicas eléctricas para la manipulación y detección de células: La dielectroforesis (DEP) y la medición de la bioimpedancia. La DEP permite manipular material biológico por medio de campos eléctricos, aprovechando las propiedades eléctricas de la célula y el medio en que se encuentra. La manipulación es por tanto ajustable, mediante el control de estas propiedades, así como a través de la geometría de los electrodos usados, la frecuencia y el módulo de la tensión aplicada. Por otro lado, la IS permite caracterizar material biológico mediante su comportamiento eléctrico en frecuencia. La medida se realiza a través de la aplicación de una corriente alterna controlada y la monitorización del efecto sobre el tejido mediante potencial eléctrico. Los dispositivos de IS son fácilmente integrables con técnicas dielectroforéticas de manipulación, fusionando manipulación con detección. En esta tesis, la combinación de estas técnicas permite la concentración de pequeños patógenos en grandes volúmenes de muestras y su posterior detección. Para ello, se crean diversos módulos de instrumentación electrónica. Algunos, están dedicados a generar señales alternas desfasadas a frecuencias óptimas para la manipulación de patógenos (módulo DEP). Otros, combinan módulos de generación, lectura y tratamiento digital, para la monitorización del comportamiento eléctrico de células (IS). Los módulos diseñados son validados en un entorno real controlado para concentrar y detectar la bacteria Escherichia Coli en grandes volúmenes de agua. Como resultado, se obtiene una electrónica modular válida, autónoma, portátil y de bajo coste, capaz de disminuir tiempos de preparación y detección de muestras en laboratorio.
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Dallegrave, Caroline Paola Mickosz. "Proposta de uma unidade terapêutica domiciliar baseada no protocolo PediaSuit." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2014. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1021.
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Introdução:O comprometimento de determinados grupos musculares e alterações sensório motoras são algumas das características apresentadas por crianças com paralisia cerebral, fazendo-se necessária a utilização de andadores e estabilizadores para auxiliar no ortostatismo e na marcha desses pacientes. Atualmente, existem equipamentos que favorecem estes aspectos, porém o custo ainda é bastante alto, tornando-os inacessíveis a uma grande parcela da população. Com o intuito de se apresentar uma alternativa de qualidade e custo reduzido, desenvolveu-se na UTFPR um andador/ estabilizador baseado no protocolo PediaSuit™, confeccionado em PVC. O suporte é dado através de elastômeros fixados a um cinto, permitindo assim uma marcha mais próxima do natural. Objetivo: Avaliar a marcha e a postura de crianças com Paralisia Cerebral a partir do uso de uma Unidade Terapêutica Domiciliar de baixo custo e baixa mecanização. Método: Foram realizados testes visando analisar a resistência mecânica do material utilizado e ensaios com o protótipo construído. O PVC mostrou ser um material com alta resistência nos testes de flexão e impacto. A massa máxima suportada pelo andador no teste realizado foi de aproximadamente 226 kg. Após a avaliação do equipamento, três crianças foram filmadas utilizando o andador em PVC e um andador comum. Aspectos da marcha e da postura foram avaliados por trinta fisioterapeutas através desses vídeos.Resultados: O andador em PVC apresentou melhores resultados em relação a todos os aspectos da marcha avaliados, promovendo uma deambulação mais próxima do normal. Em relação à resistência mecânica, os ensaios mostram que o PVC Ø32mm é um material adequado para a confecção de equipamentos de tecnologia assistiva, por ser capaz de suportar cargas elevadas sem se romper. A utilização desse material também proporcionou uma redução significativa no custo final do equipamentoIntroduction: The involvement of certain muscle groups and sensorimotor deficits are some of the characteristics displayed by children with cerebral palsy, making necessary the use of stabilizers and gait trainers to assist posture and gait of those patients. There are assistive technology devices that promote these aspects, but the cost is still quite high, making them inaccessible to most people. In order to present an alternative with lower cost, a PVC stabilizer/ gait trainer based on PediaSuit™ protocol was developed at UTFPR and Vitória Research Center. The support is provided by elastomers fixed to a belt, thereby allowing a more natural gait pattern. Objective: To evaluate the gait and posture of children with cerebral palsy during the use of a low cost/ low mechanization Therapy Unit Homecare. Method: Some tests were carried out to determine the strength of the prototype and the material itself. PVC proved to be a material with high strength in bending and impact tests. The maximum mass supported by the walker in the test conducted was approximately 226 kg. After evaluating the equipment, images of three children using a reguar gait trainer and the PVC home care unit were taken. Aspects of gait and posture were analysed by thirty physiotherapists through these videos. Results: The PVC home care unit showed better results in regarding all aspects of gait evaluated by promoting closer to normal gait. The mechanical strength tests show that PVC Ø32mm is a suitable material for fabrication of assistive technology equipment, to be able to withstand high loads without breaking. The use of this material also provided a significant reduction in the final cost of the product.
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Jalal, Ahmed Hasnain. "Multivariate Analysis for the Quantification of Transdermal Volatile Organic Compounds in Humans by Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell System." FIU Digital Commons, 2018. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3886.
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In this research, a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) sensor was investigated for specific detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) for point-of-care (POC) diagnosis of the physiological conditions of humans. A PEMFC is an electrochemical transducer that converts chemical energy into electrical energy. A Redox reaction takes place at its electrodes whereas the volatile biomolecules (e.g. ethanol) are oxidized at the anode and ambient oxygen is reduced at the cathode. The compounds which were the focus of this investigation were ethanol (C2H5OH) and isoflurane (C3H2ClF5O), but theoretically, the sensor is not limited to only those VOCs given proper calibration.
Detection in biosensing, which needs to be carried out in a controlled system, becomes complex in a multivariate environment. Major limitations of all types of biosensors would include poor selectivity, drifting, overlapping, and degradation of signals. Specific detection of VOCs in multi-dimensional environments is also a challenge in fuel cell sensing. Humidity, temperature, and the presence of other analytes interfere with the functionality of the fuel cell and provide false readings. Hence, accurate and precise quantification of VOC(s) and calibration are the major challenges when using PEMFC biosensor.
To resolve this problem, a statistical model was derived for the calibration of PEMFC employing multivariate analysis, such as the “Principal Component Regression (PCR)” method for the sensing of VOC(s). PCR can correlate larger data sets and provides an accurate fitting between a known and an unknown data set. PCR improves calibration for multivariate conditions as compared to the overlapping signals obtained when using linear (univariate) regression models.
Results show that this biosensor investigated has a 75% accuracy improvement over the commercial alcohol breathalyzer used in this study when detecting ethanol. When detecting isoflurane, this sensor has an average deviation in the steady-state response of ~14.29% from the gold-standard infrared spectroscopy system used in hospital operating theaters.
The significance of this research lies in its versatility in dealing with the existing challenge of the accuracy and precision of the calibration of the PEMFC sensor. Also, this research may improve the diagnosis of several diseases through the detection of concerned biomarkers.
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Godoi, Carolina Mendes de. "Análise da disponibilidade de equipamentos médico-assistenciais após reestruturação da programação de manutenção preventiva em um hospital público de grande porte e alta complexidade." Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/ufu.di.2017.76.
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CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorA organização hospitalar utiliza atualmente uma diversidade de tecnologias, merecendo o cuidado e o estudo de profissionais habilitados que atuam na Engenharia Clínica. Porém, o aumento da disponibilidade dessas tecnologias nos Estabelecimentos Assistenciais de Saúde (EASs) é sempre um grande desafio a ser gerenciado. Assim, os programas de manutenção preventiva (MP) de Equipamentos Médico-Assistenciais (EMAs) se apresentam como importante ferramenta de gestão no alcance desse objetivo. Diante disso, este trabalho apresenta a reestruturação da programação de MPs de EMAs, visando o aumento da disponibilidade dos mesmos, em um hospital público de grande porte e alta complexidade. O estudo foi realizado no Hospital de Clínicas de Uberlândia da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (HCU-UFU) e foram levados em consideração 11 equipamentos médico-assistenciais de 24 famílias diferentes. A metodologia utilizada foi baseada no estudo dos manuais operacionais e técnicos dos equipamentos, nas normas técnicas em vigência, nas antigas manutenções preventivas dos EMAs, na experiência dos profissionais de Engenharia Clínica da BioEngenharia do HCU-UFU e nas necessidades do EAS. Foram alteradas periodicidades sugeridas nos manuais devido à quantidade de técnicos disponíveis para a realização da manutenção, a quantidade e disponibilidade de EMAs, e o custo de peças e acessórios para a execução dessas MPs. Foram desenvolvidos também os Procedimentos Operacionais Padrão (POPs) referentes a cada manutenção preventiva do EMA. As manutenções preventivas apresentadas nesse trabalho já estão cadastradas e em execução na BioEngenharia e até o presente momento têm funcionado de maneira eficaz, o que pôde ser confirmado pela análise da disponibilidade onde das 24 famílias de EMAs, 21 mostraram percentuais de disponibilidade superiores após a implementação da reestruturação das MPs e pela análise estatística que mostrou um p-valor < 0,05 para a hipótese de que a disponibilidade das famílias de equipamentos médico-assistenciais analisados é maior depois da restruturação das manutenções preventivas.
The hospital organization currently uses several technologies, requering care and study of qualified professionals of Clinical Engineering. However, increasing the availability of technologies in Health Care Facilities (HCF) is always a great challenge. An important tool to find this objective is the programs of preventive maintenance (PM) of Medical Assistance Equipment (MAE). Thus, aiming to increase availability of MAE, this work presents the restructuring of PM programming, in a large public hospital with high complexity. The study was carried out at the Hospital of the Federal University of Uberlândia (HCU-UFU), using 11 Medical Assistance Equipment from 24 different families. The method used was based on the study of the operational and technical manuals of the equipment, current technical standards, previous preventive maintenance of the MAE, experience of the Clinical Engineering professionals of the HCU-UFU BioEngenharia and the needs of the HCF. Periodicity suggested in the manuals were altered due to the number of technicians available for maintenance, the quantity and availability of MAE, and the cost of parts and accessories for the execution of PM. Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) were also developed for each preventive maintenance of MAE. The preventive maintenance presented in this work are registered and it is working at HCU-UFU BioEngenharia and they are working effectively, which is confirmed by two ways. Firstly, analysis of the availability of 24 families of MAE, showed that 21 families had higher percentages of availability after implementation of the restructuring of the PM. Secondly, statistical analysis showed that the availability of the families of medical assistance equipment analyzed is greater after the restructuring of the preventive maintenance, with p-value < 0.05.
Dissertação (Mestrado)
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Pelletier, Christine. "Application des techniques d'aide à la décision à la planification sanitaire régionale." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004845.
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La planification sanitaire régionale consiste à répartir dans l'espace régional les ressources sanitaires rares (équipement lourd, personnel, ...) entre différentes structures sanitaires existantes ou non, afin d'"optimiser" la réponse aux besoins en soins de la population régionale. Cette répartition s'effectue dans un contexte décisionnel multidimensionnel, dont les dimensions médicale, économique et celles relatives à l'aménagement du territoire. Depuis une quarantaine d'années, la recherche de méthodes rationnelles applicables à la planification sanitaire a permis l'investigation de nombreuses voies de modélisation, et la proposition de méthodes variées. Malgré leur multitude, aucune d'entre elles n'a acquis de légitimité auprès des planificateurs. Trois motifs expliquent ce phénomène: le caractère restrictif de la définition donnée au système de santé, la complexité des techniques mathématiques utilisée, souvent obscures pour les non initiés, et le rôle passif réservé au planificateur. Le travail présenté dans ce mémoire propose la formalisation d'un outil interactif d'aide à la planification sanitaire. Cette formalisation s'appuie sur une approche globale du système de santé, à partir de laquelle nous avons établit une définition de la planification sanitaire. A l'issue de cette formalisation, nous proposons un outil HERO qui lie un Système d'Information Géographique (SIG) avec un outil de résolution multiobjectif. Via le SIG, l'outil informe le planificateur sur l'état de santé de la population ainsi que sur les mécanismes de production et de consommation de soins. L'outil de résolution multiobjectif assiste ce dernier dans l'élaboration d'un plan en lui fournissant un moyen d'évaluation de la pertinence de ses choix dans la répartition spatiale des ressources. Le fonctionnement de HERO est illustré sur un exemple utilisant des données du Bas-Rhin (France).
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Ling, Daniel Pham. "Optical biomedical sensor for the detection of blood-glucose concentrations." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/20546.
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Moisiadis, Georgios. "The year 2000 problem in medical equipment." Thesis, 2000. http://nemertes.lis.upatras.gr/jspui/handle/10889/3189.
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Newbury, Alex Jon. "The prevalence of needlestick injury and the biomedical potential for spider silk as a prevention strategy." Thesis, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/14402.
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A needlestick injury is defined by the Center for Disease Control (CDC) as a percutaneous injury due to accidental handling of a sharp. The CDC estimates that approximately 400,000 needlestick incidences occur each year in United States healthcare facilities, and reports from other developed countries, such as the United Kingdom and Spain, share similar frequencies. Further, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates two million international healthcare workers are exposed annually to infectious disease as a consequence of a needlestick event, resulting in 37.6% and 39% of hepatitis B and hepatitis C cases, respectively. In the United States, federal and state legislation have greatly reduced incidence rates since the late 1980s, providing education, better protocols and effective post-exposure management. Additionally, the introduction of national surveillance databases led to stronger epidemiological support for the causation of needlestick injury and consequently, a stronger national awareness.
In an effort to better protect healthcare workers, corporations such as DuPont and BD have further reduced needlestick incidences in the United States by designing products ranging from safety-engineered syringes to adhesive strips surrounded in strong synthetic materials such as Kevlar® and Lycra®. These devices are instrumental in minimizing the needlestick problem in both the clinic and in the operating room. As part of the current United States legislation, healthcare organizations are mandated to implement and utilize these safety-engineered syringes and needles.
Despite the rise in protective equipment, national database surveillance and federal/state legislature, the incidence rate remains high as hundreds of thousands of injuries persist each year. We sought to find other solutions for better protecting healthcare workers through the implementation of golden orb weaver spider silk in personal protective equipment. This silk, gathered from the Nephila clavipes, is one of the strongest and toughest biomaterials in known existence. Its characteristically high energy absorption makes it an ideal material for reinforcing gloves and other protective equipment for healthcare workers. We believe that products made from this silk would serve as strong barriers against needlestick injury and bloodborne pathogen exposure.
We are in the process of designing and fabricating such a glove and completed preliminary strength testing to ensure the superiority of our material. Tensile testing conducted at Tufts' Department of Biomedical Engineering suggests that our silk possesses the same mechanical profile as N. clavipes silk found in published literature. We plan on utilizing Fourier-transform infrared (DSC-FTIR) microspectroscopy to study the protein structure and possibly conducting enzyme degradation assays to assess the property changes under unique conditions. This information combined with our patented extraction and reinforcing methodology will provide the groundwork for partnering with industry leaders to make this product a reality and help eliminate the incidence of needlestick injury.
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Hu, Mufeng. "Biomaterial-based Cell Culture Platform for Podocyte Phenotype Study with Shape and Substrate Rigidity Control." Thesis, 2016. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8930TFM.
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Cells sense and interact with their microenvironment to retrieve signals which include cell-matrix and cell-cell contacts. These signals account for the influence of culturing conditions and often control the local cellular phenotype and global functions of tissues. Here, I sought to understand if there is any information processed by cells in guiding cellular phenotype given the control of cell shapes and substrate rigidities. If there is, would these phenotypic changes achieve biomedical purposes? What is the strategy to engineer platforms that can handle the longstanding challenges in those fields? In this dissertation, the first chapter serves as an introduction which involves the origin of motivations, which mainly came from current challenges in biomedical researches of kidney podocytes. I have attempted to understand if it is possible to control podocyte differentiation through cell shape control which mimics their in vivo morphology. On the other hand, I have tried to reveal if it is possible that tissue stiffness can affect podocyte phenotype as a result of stiffness sensing. These two topics were rarely investigated for kidney podocytes, which is the critical component of human filtration barrier to perform renal functions. The effort that addresses the question how shape and substrate rigidity as in- formation repositories affect kidney podocytes phenotype has profound meaning in the understanding of renal physiological system and pathological mechanisms.
The second chapter will focus on the methods to achieve successful long-term shape control on cells. Engineered cell-device interface using cross-linking biomaterial SU-8 plays a key role in this study. Compared with other previously used approaches summarized in this chapter, SU-8 provides various advantages both in the fabrication of micro- pattern architecture as well as its sustaining effectiveness in controlling cell shape. This approach has been proved very efficient and economic to facilitate single cell level manipulation. The chapter will describe in details the interface micro-fabrication and encountered technical challenges. The results that kidney podocytes were in good compliance with the micro-pattern proved the successful application of this technique.
The third chapter will then transfer from micro-fabrication to biological experiments, which discusses in details how in intro kidney podocytes responded to their shapes by enforcing protein localization which characterizes a phenotype found in vivo. This phenotype among in vitro podocytes was further verified that it may contribute to podocytes differentiation and physiological functions. The information processed by shape was proved independent of tension-related processes and thus shape and tension could be regarded as separate contributors in cellular development. The interpretation of shape’s contribution could be referred to my previous publication in the journal of Cell: ”Decoding Information in Cell Shape”. In this study, the motifs of research were applied to other cell lines (Human vascular smooth muscle cell) as a step to generalize the ubiquity of shape’s contribution to cell differentiation. The study here was to differentiate shape and tension through investigating the difference between two major mechanosensors: β3 and β1 integrin receptors. The difference in cell phenotypes through integrin inhibition experiments demonstrated critical but unique role of integrin-based shape sensing in vitro. This chapter in dissertation covers most of the content in a previously submitted paper to Nature Cell Biology.
In the fourth chapter, I further carried out a study that investigated if stiffness sensing can influence kidney podocyte phenotype. The fourth chapter will basically review the techniques in the fabrication of hydrogel-based cell culture platforms. In a similar manner to previous study using biomimetic shape for podocytes and find its phenotype, the target of this analysis was to use hydrogel-based biomimetic substrate with renal physiological stiffness and find if there is a differentiation phenotype. Since numerous materials have been reported in hydrogel studies, I will focus on the introduction to representative ones that have been most widely used. Their characteristics will be compared with the demands
of kidney podocyte reasearch. Methodologies were the key to a successful research, and in this chapter I will describe in details what choices I made in choosing experimental methods that improved the efficiency and quality of cell culture platforms. A natural enzyme (microbial transglutaminase) cross-linked gelatin hydrogel was adopted here to provide ideal substrate rigidity control for podocytes. This method has demonstrated high efficiency and stability in making large cell culture surface. Moreover, it provides the hydrogel platform with an ideal range of elastic moduli suitable for renal tissue culture.
The results will be discussed in detail in the fifth chapter. I successfully found a differentiation phenotype for podocytes cultured on the hydrogel platforms with a physiological stiffness. Similar phenotype, on the contrary, were not found in podocytes on platforms which were either too soft or too stiff. These resutls have formed one of my submitted paper to Scientific Report. The differentiation phenotype for kidney podocytes was characterized by up-regulation of differentiation markers. These findings were in a similar manner to a series of stem cells differentiation guided by regulated substrate stiffnesses. This phenotype of kidney podocytes was verified by microarray technique which confirmed the stiffness sensing using transcription factors. The enrichment analysis of kinases also showed significant response of Src, Fyn etc, of which the activities have been shown critical for podocytes to preserve their physiological functions. These results have successfully suggested the close relations between stiffness changes of glomeruli basement membrane (GBM) and progressive podocyte dysfunction.
In summary, this dissertation covers interdisciplinary researches that decoded the information processed by cells from two separate aspects: shape and stiffness sensing. The details in each chapter cover a broader scope than the content selected for publications. Through this dissertation, readers will get in touch with the technique developed for plat- form and their applications to biomedical researches. I wish this will help people new in the field to get my hands-on experience.
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Tomescu, Anca Florentina. "Development of a prototype for electrical safety protocol of electromedical devices." Thesis, 2000. http://nemertes.lis.upatras.gr/jspui/handle/10889/3193.
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Fong, Christopher. "Development of Portable Diffuse Optical Spectroscopic Systems For Treatment Monitoring." Thesis, 2017. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8JW8SB0.
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The goal of this dissertation is to demonstrate the utility of portable, small-scale diffuse optical spectroscopic (DOS) systems for the diagnosis and treatment monitoring of various diseases. These systems employ near-infrared light (wavelength range of 650nm to 950nm) to probe human tissue and are sensitive to changes in scattering and absorption properties of tissues. The absorption is mainly influenced by the components of blood, namely oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin (HbO2 and Hb) and parameters that can be derived from them (e.g. total hemoglobin concentration [THb] and oxygen saturation, StO2). Therefore, I focused on diseases in which these parameters change, which includes vascular diseases such as Peripheral Atrial Disease (PAD) and Infantile Hemangiomas (IH) as well as musculoskeletal autoimmune diseases such as Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). In each of these specific diseases, current monitoring techniques are limited by their sensitivity to disease progression or simply do not exist as a quantitative metric.
As part of this project, I first designed and built a wireless handheld DOS device (WHDD) that can perform DOS measurements at various tissue depths. This device was used in a 15-patient pilot study for infantile hemangiomas (IH) to differentiate diseased skin from normal skin and monitor the vascular changes during intervention. In another study, I compare the ultra-small form- factor WHDD’s ability to monitor synovitis and disease progression during a patient’s treatment of RA against the capabilities of a proven frequency domain optical tomographic (FDOT) system that has shown to differentiate patients with and without RA. Learning from clinical utility of the WHDD from these two studies, I adapted the WHDD technology to develop a compact multi- channel DOS measurement system to monitor perfusion changes in the lower extremities before and after surgical intervention for patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD). Using this multi- channel system, which we called the vascular optical spectroscopic measurement (VOSM) system, our group conducted a 20-subject pilot study to quantify its ability to monitor blood perfusion before and after revascularization of stenotic arteries in the lower extremities. This proof-of- concept study demonstrated how DOS may help vascular surgeons perform revascularization procedures in the operating room and assists in post-operative treatment monitoring of vascular diseases.
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Πετράκη, Ευαγγελία. "Βιοστατιστική ανάλυση και μελέτη πρωτότυπης μεθόδου μέτρησης της οστικής πυκνότητας, με χρήση υπερήχων, για εφαρμογή στην οδοντιατρική." Thesis, 2000. http://nemertes.lis.upatras.gr/jspui/handle/10889/3197.
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Hu, Junqiang. "Nanostructured Platforms for Biological Study." Thesis, 2016. https://doi.org/10.7916/D80C4W03.
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This thesis focuses on the study of nanotechnology and its applications in immunology and mechanosensing using micro- and nano-scale topographies, such as gratings, grids, and pillar substrates. In the past five years, we have developed three types of platforms and explored the influence of nano-patterned substrates on cell morphology, proliferation, protein secretion, and mechanosensing.
I will introduce the three generations of Integrated Mechanobiology Platform (IMP) for T cell study, including the fabrication process of each generation of IMP, their advantages and disadvantages, and the comparison with existing High Throughput Screening System (HTSS). For the applications of IMP, I will focus on grating and grid topographies with IMP generation 3 format, and study how these nano-patterned substrates affect T cell morphology, expansion, cytokine secretion, drug-topography combination effects on T cells and long-term expansion for adoptive immunotherapy. I will demonstrate how IMP enables such studies in a high throughput manner.
I also will discuss how Multiple Stiffness Pillar Platform (MSPP) facilitates the study of mechanosensing in cells spanning across different rigidities. First, I will talk about how MSPP is different from existing dual stiffness platforms. Differences include flexibility in distribution of different rigidities, consistency in pillar dimensions and ease of controlling the stiffness fold increase. In the sections of MSPP fabrication and characterization, I will focus on measurements of stiffness change and surface chemistry uniformity. I will then discuss the Mouse Embryonic Fibroblast (MEF) mechanosensing study on dual stiffness pillar substrates, including the preferential localization of rigidity sensing associated proteins (myosin IIA, phosph-myosin, paxillin, and p130CAS), MEFs actomyosin network building, and adhesion formation. These studies revealed previously undiscovered results in MEF mechanosensing, and demonstrate the great potential of MSPP in this research discipline.
In the last part of this thesis, I will present on the mass production of thermoplastic nanopatterned molds. The demonstrated technology can produce large batches of nanostructured molds with decreased fabrication time and expense. In this chapter, I will discuss the necessity of developing such a technology and platform, as well as the design, fabrication, and characterization of the thermoplastic nano-patterned molds.
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St, Peter Benjamin A. "Terahertz Imaging for Cancer Detection." 2012. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/952.
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This project evaluates the ability of terahertz (THz) radiation to differentiate cancerous from non-cancerous human breast lumpectomy and mastectomy tissue. This is done by aiming a narrow-band THz beam at medical samples and measuring reflected power. THz images of specimens from Breast Conservation Surgery (BCS) were created using a gas laser source and mechanical scanning. The design and characterization of this system is discussed in detail. The images were correlated with optical histological micrographs of the same specimens and discrimination values of more than 70% were found for five of the six samples using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis.
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Παππούς, Γιώργος. "Καταγραφή εξοπλισμού και αξιολόγηση κατανομής της βιοιατρικής τεχνολογίας στα δημόσια νοσοκομεία της δυτικής Ελλάδας." Thesis, 2000. http://nemertes.lis.upatras.gr/jspui/handle/10889/3188.
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Νομικού, Μαριάντζελα. "Construction of a multimedia guide for cardiac patients." Thesis, 2000. http://nemertes.lis.upatras.gr/jspui/handle/10889/3205.
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Morais, Vera Lúcia Lopes. "Gestão do parque biomédico do serviço de Gastroenterologia de um hospital privado do norte de Portugal : análise da procura, capacidade instalada e manutenção." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/30558.
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Dissertação de mestrado em Gestão de Unidades de SaúdeO presente projeto tem por objeto de estudo, o serviço de Gastroenterologia de um hospital privado do norte de Portugal, mais concretamente a procura dos seus atos médicos – Meios Complementares de Diagnóstico e Terapêutica (MCDT) e consultas -, a sua capacidade de resposta face à procura, o seu potencial de produção, o seu parque biomédico e a manutenção vigente. Este serviço evidencia a necessidade de uma análise minuciosa das informações referentes aos equipamentos biomédicos, para alicerçar um planeamento estratégico, tanto no que respeita à manutenção como ao parque biomédico ideal face à procura e capacidade deste serviço, assim como, a análise da produção real face à prevista e o seu potencial máximo. Desta forma obtêm-se dados que permitam propor diversas alternativas à gestão, apoiando o processo de decisão em conformidade com a dinâmica hospitalar e com base em diretrizes multicriteriais. Para tal, recorreu-se à realização de entrevistas presenciais e recolha de dados internos do serviço. Após a sua análise e interpretação, as principais conclusões retiradas são que para o serviço ter o crescimento previsto, deve alterar o seu parque biomédico atual e usufruir na totalidade da sua capacidade instalada. Este estudo analisou a procura, avaliou a criticidade dos equipamentos, criou cenários a nível da utilização dos equipamentos e apresentou um conjunto de alternativas para a melhoria do serviço. Quanto à manutenção foi feita uma análise da situação atual e foram apontadas limitações ao nível da informação, que impedem o uso de técnicas estatísticas ou modelos de simulação. Espera-se que com este estudo o serviço de Gastroenterologia possa vir a melhorar o seu desempenho.
This project has as its object of study, the Gastroenterology service of a private hospital in the north of Portugal, more specifically the demand for their medical procedures - Other Means of Diagnosis and Therapy (MCDT 's) and consultations – their ability to response to the demand, its production potential, its biomedical park and current maintenance. This service highlights the need for a narrow analysis of the information related to the biomedical equipment, to underpin a strategic planning, both as regards maintenance as the biomedical park facing the demand and the ideal capacity of this service, as well as the analysis of actual production against the expected and its maximum potential. This way we get the data that enables the proposal of several alternatives to the management by supporting the decision making process in accordance with hospital dynamics and based on multicriteria guidelines. In order to achieve this, were carried out personal interviews and collection of internal service data. After the analysis and interpretation, the main conclusions are that, for the service has to forecast growth, must change its current biomedical park and make use of its total installed capacity. This study analysed the search, evaluated the criticality of the equipment, created scenarios equipment usage and presented a set of alternatives to improve the service. As for maintenance, it was made an analysis of the current status and were identified limitations in terms of information that prevent the use of statistical techniques or simulation models. It is expected that with this study, the Gastroenterology service can improve their performance.
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Liao, Yen-Ming, and 廖彥鳴. "Mechanical Properties Characterization of Soft Materials for Semiconductor Processing Equipments, Biomedical Measurements and Roll to Roll Transportations." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/59589815731074003553.
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碩士國立成功大學
機械工程學系碩博士班
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Soft materials have been widely used in semiconductor, MEMS, biomedicine and flexible electronic device due to low elastic modulus, high malleability, high flexibility and high biocompatibility. However, the mechanical behaviors of soft material are relatively complex and have to carefully consider in different applications. In this thesis, the mechanical characterization of soft material in three different kinds of samples was studied, bulks, micro pillars and thin films, which were used in semiconductor processing equipments, biomedical measurements and roll to roll transportations respectively. The characterization results were compared with finite element analysis and then used in design optimization, model modification and improvement. In the first case, the thesis focused on O-ring rubber which was used in semiconductor processing equipments. The effects of live time, temperature, pre-load and pre-thermal processing was studied for optimization design of vacuum valve. Second, the macro and micro scale material characterization of PDMS micro pillar for biologically application was done and compare the result with FEM models. Moreover, these material properties of PDMS were used to develop a more accurate conversion model for cellular force measurement. Third, the mechanical behavior of polyimide (PI) thin film for roll to roll transportations was studied. Because operation tension force, tolerance and mechanical behavior plays important roles in the failure mechanism of roll to roll, the mechanical test of shift and rotating has been done in this research and the result was used to develop the FEM model. The analysis of failure mechanism could be used to improve the performance of equipments. The result of the soft material characterization can be use in various application, also the method of experiment and the mechanical model can be apply to other similar materials. The development of next generation test system will base on this research.