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Journal articles on the topic 'Biometano'
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HIDALGO BARRIO, MARIA DOLORES, JESUS MARIA MARTIN MARROQUIN, and FRANCISCO CORONA ENCINAS. "BIOGÁS HOY, BIOMETANO MAÑANA." DYNA INGENIERIA E INDUSTRIA 92, no. 1 (2017): 494. http://dx.doi.org/10.6036/8482.
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Santos, Harison Franca dos, João Pedro Jenson de Oliveira, Miguel Sales Porto Sousa, Felipe Augusto Santos, Luis Gonçalves da Silva Junior, Marielle Verger Nardeli, Joice Aparecida Leal de Moura, Clarissa Guimarães e. Miranda, Renivaldo José dos Santos, and Leonardo Lataro Paim. "Análise da combustão de biometano a partir de resíduos sólidos urbanos para inserção na rede de gás natural." Research, Society and Development 11, no. 4 (March 11, 2022): e6611427135. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i4.27135.
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Com o crescimento da população e o aumento da demanda por energia surge a necessidade de desenvolvimento de fontes alternativas energia. O biometano, obtido a partir da purificação do biogás, que pode ser retirado da decomposição resíduos sólidos urbanos, presente em quantidades abundantes em muitas cidades brasileiras, tem se despontado como uma interessante alternativa a fim de complementar a utilização combustíveis gasosos, visto que o principal combustível utilizado atualmente é o gás natural, de origem fóssil e com impactos ambientais negativos em sua extração. Este trabalho promove a análise da viabilidade energética e ambiental da utilização do biometano para a injeção na rede de gás de natural, a partir de ferramentas de simulações computacionais. Os resultados obtidos, indicam que as emissões dos gases da combustão do gás natural e do biometano são praticamente equivalentes e, a diferença nos valores de temperatura de chama entre os combustíveis é de cerca de 7,1%. Assim, a inserção do biometano na rede de gás natural, além de não implicar no aumento de impactos ambientais também não promove perdas significativas nas características energéticas da mistura.
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Santos, Juliana Mattos Bohrer, Tiago Borges Ferreira, Viviana Solano Ramírez, Thiago de Alencar Neves, and Carlos Augusto de Lemos Chernicharo. "Metodologias de amostragem de siloxanos em biogás e biometano: análise crítica e aplicabilidade no cenário brasileiro." Engenharia Sanitaria e Ambiental 27, no. 6 (November 2022): 1059–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-415220210174.
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RESUMO O biogás gerado em estações de tratamento de esgoto e aterros sanitários contém, entre outros componentes, siloxanos, compostos orgânicos que impõem limitações ao uso do biogás e do biometano, em decorrência da sua transformação em dióxidos de silício no processo de combustão. Portanto, o aproveitamento energético desses biocombustíveis está condicionado ao atendimento dos limites de siloxanos existentes para cada aplicação. Por isso, o adequado monitoramento da concentração de siloxanos é essencial para garantir o aproveitamento energético do biogás e do biometano com segurança. Nesse sentido, foi realizada uma revisão da literatura com o objetivo de avaliar as principais metodologias de amostragem de siloxanos em matriz gasosa, levantando as principais dificuldades inerentes à sua aplicação no contexto brasileiro. Verificou-se que, apesar de todas as metodologias estudadas apresentarem limitações específicas, as que utilizam impingers e tubos de adsorção se mostram mais robustas, além de serem regulamentadas por normas brasileiras. No entanto, por a temática ser relativamente recente no Brasil, ainda existem muitos questionamentos técnicos e desafios relativos à aplicação das metodologias de amostragem de siloxanos em nível nacional. Dessa forma, o investimento na consolidação de metodologias para controle de qualidade do biogás e biometano deve ser estimulado para incentivar a produção e o uso desses biocombustíveis como energia renovável no Brasil.
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Souza, José, and Lirio Schaeffern. "Sistema de Compresión de Biogas y Biometano." Información tecnológica 24, no. 6 (2013): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0718-07642013000600002.
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Soares, Rayme Vasconcellos, and Jerisnaldo Matos Lopes. "Resíduos sólidos urbanos: viabilidade técnica do processo produtivo do biometano." Revista Brasileira de Gestão Ambiental e Sustentabilidade 6, no. 12 (2019): 209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21438/rbgas.061217.
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Fazendo uso das abordagens qualitativa e quantitativa, este trabalho é lastrado em investigação bibliográfica e documental, empregando a pesquisa exploratória e explicativa, de modo a possibilitar a análise da viabilidade técnica do processo produtivo do biometano a partir de resíduos sólidos urbanos, considerando o aterro sanitário como estrutura fundamental para a disposição dos resíduos, matéria-prima básica para o processo de produção do biogás. Há de se validar, contudo, a eficiência de um aterro sanitário projetado adequadamente, cuja composição possui, dentre outros elementos o sistema de drenagem de águas, o sistema de drenagem de gases, a camada de cobertura e um sistema de monitoramento, que visa a garantir a preservação do meio ambiente, a salubridade da população em torno e a segurança da obra, basicamente. O biometano é resultado da purificação do biogás que compreende a dessulfurização, o processo de secagem e a remoção do CO2, visando a alcançar um teor de metano de mais de 95%.
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de Souza, José, and Lirio Schaeffer. "Estudo para fabricação de cilindros especiais para biometano." Revista Liberato 11, no. 15 (2010): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31514/rliberato.2010v11n15.p33.
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Beteta Alvarado, Víctor Manuel, Jorge Rafael Diaz Dumont, Luis Eduardo Oré Cierto, Wendy Caroline Loarte Aliaga, Gianmarco Garcia Curo, Luis Pablo Diaz Tito, and Jorge Nelson Malpartida Gutiérrez. "El compostaje de cáscara de Musa paradisiaca L. para la producción de biogás y biometano como estrategia de preservación de la salud ambiental." Boletín de Malariología y Salud Ambiental 62, no. 5 (2022): 1048–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.52808/bmsa.7e6.625.019.
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A medida que a se avanza en el siglo XXI, los sistemas de energía deben alejarse de los combustibles fósiles y aumentar la capacidad de las energías renovables si se quieren cumplir los objetivos de temperaturas máximas del Acuerdo de París. Sin embargo, debido a los desafíos en la adopción de tecnologías bajas en carbono, ciertas áreas de los sistemas energéticos globales son difíciles de controlar y descarburar. Por otra parte, el compostaje es una de las prácticas de gestión de residuos orgánicos más importantes que se puede utilizar para lograr la sostenibilidad del suelo y del medio ambiente. El compost tiene un mínimo impacto en algunas emisiones, y puede ayudar a controlar la huella de carbono y limitar los efectos ambientales negativos de los métodos de eliminación de desechos más deficientes. La investigación tuvo por objetivo determinar la calidad de producir biogás y biometano a partir de la cáscara de plátano (Musa paradisiaca L.). Metodológicamente se desarrolló una investigación aplicada, con nivel de investigación de tipo experimental. Las cáscaras de plátano se colectaron de la planta de compostaje de la Municipalidad Provincial de Leoncio Prado, Perú. De la muestra se prepararon cinco sub muestras para la producción de biogás y cinco muestras adicionales para la producción de biometano. Los sistemas mostraron una producción de 0,067 m3 BG/Kg ST de biogás y 0,059 m3CH4/Kg ST de biometano, que generó subproductos como el biol y biosol. Estos resultados presentaron una baja toxicidad al ser sometidos a pruebas germinativas, concluyéndose que solo el 11,5% de la cáscara introducida al biorreactor se degrado y de esta fracción solo el 2,8% se convirtió en biogás.
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Rēpele, Māra, Mikus Ramanis, and Gatis Bažbauers. "BIOMETĀNA RAŽOŠANAS VIDES UN SOCIOEKONOMISKIE ASPEKTI." Via Latgalica, no. 9 (May 5, 2017): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/latg2017.9.2690.
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Biometānu ražo, biogāzi attīrot no piemaisījumiem un palielinot metāna koncentrāciju līdz rādītājam, kas ir atbilstošs dabasgāzei. Biometāns ir pievilcīga atjaunojamo energoresursu alternatīva dabasgāzei, jo tam ir vairākas priekšrocības: 1) nav jāveic dabasgāzi izmantojošu ražošanas tehnoloģiju pārveide; 2) tā piegādei var izmantot dabasgāzes uzglabāšanas, pārvades un sadales sistēmu; 3) to var ražot esošajos biogāzes reaktoros, izmantojot atkritumus un blakus produktus. Biometāna ražošana vairotu Latvijas energoapgādes pašnodrošinājumu un drošību, vienlaicīgi radot jaunas darba vietas un samazinot importa apjomu. Šobrīd Latvijā tiek pārskatīta atjaunojamo energoresursu tehnoloģiju atbalsta politika un tādēļ ir aktuāli parādīt biometāna priekšrocības no vides un socioekonomiskā viedokļa, lai biometāna ražošanai izveidotu piemērotu atbalsta politiku. Izpētes rezultāti, kas iegūti, veicot dzīves cikla analīzi, t. i., nosakot ietekmi uz vidi visos biometāna ražošanas un piegādes posmos, parāda, ka biometānam ir mazāka ietekme uz vidi nekā dabasgāzei un biodegvielām. Biometāna izmantošana mazinātu valsts ekonomikas oglekļietilpību un ietekmi uz klimata mainību. Taču tehniski ekonomiskā izpēte ļauj secināt, ka biometāna ražošanai šobrīd ir nepieciešams nozīmīgs finansiāls atbalsts, lai tā būtu ekonomiski pamatota no potenciālo investoru puses. Tādēļ nozīmīgu vietu izpētē ieņem piemērotas atbalsta politikas izveide, lietojot sistēmdinamikas modelēšanu. Sistēmdinamikas modelēšanas metode tika izvēlēta, pamatojoties uz iespēju to lietot sarežģītu dinamisku procesu analīzei. Modelēšanas mērķis bija iegūt atbalsta sistēmas struktūru, kas nodrošinātu labi kontrolējamu biometāna ražošanas apjoma pieaugumu, neraugoties uz nenoteiktību, kura saistīta ar potenciālo investoru vēlmi attīstīt biometāna ražošanu. Sistēmdinamikas modelis, lietojot vērtību ķēdes metodi, ļauj novērtēt arī radīto darba vietu dinamiku. Modelēšanas rezultāti parāda, ka ir svarīgi atsevišķi analizēt atbalsta piešķiršanas un fizisko jaudu būvniecības dinamiku, kuru lielā mērā ietekmē investoru vēlme ieguldīt jaunu biometāna ražotņu būvniecībā. Tehniski ekonomiskās izpētes rezultāti arī parāda, ka biogāzes ražotājiem ir ekonomiski izdevīgi kooperēties, veidojot lielākas jaudas biometāna ražotnes. Tās novietojot vietās, kurās iespējams izveidot pieslēgumu dabasgāzes cauruļvadiem, biometānu ir iespējams izmantot visā dabasgāzes patēriņa sistēmā, kā arī transportā. Tādējādi biometāns kļūtu par vēl vienu gāzveida kurināmā piegādes alternatīvu, papildus esošajiem avotiem. Pētījums tapis Valsts pētījumu programmā „LATENERGI“.
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Nureña DÃaz, Melitón Jomar, Teóï€lo Sifuentes Inostroza, and Felipe De la Rosa Bocanegra. "Estudio técnico - económico de generación de energÃa eléctrica - ciclo Brayton utilizando biogas, para autoabastecimiento de energÃa y disminuir el consumo de combustible en calderas de la empresa Danper S. A. C. – Trujillo." REVISTA TECNOLOGÍA & DESARROLLO 14, no. 1 (November 21, 2016): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.18050/td.v14i1.1246.
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El presente estudio, pretende reducir al máximo la dependencia del SEIN, por parte de la empresa DANPER S.A.C, instalando un turbogenerador en ciclo Brayton, el cual aprovechara la energÃa contenida en la biomasa desechada (previamente acondicionada) por la empresa y a la vez reducir el consumo de petróleo industrial N°6 en las cuatro calderas que posee actualmente la empresa. El consumo promedio anual de E.E. es 4´477,750.00 Kw-h La energÃa contenida en los residuos orgánicos agroindustriales es reï€nada por medio de biodigestores y puriï€cadores. Se calculó el ujo másico de biometano necesario para satisfacer la demanda de E.E. obteniendo un ujo de 0.168 Kg/s, luego se procedió a seleccionar una turbina a gas con una potencia de 2 Mw.; se dimensionó y seleccionó los conductores eléctricos – 1x3x70mm2. Luego de realizar el análisis energético en la turbina se procedió al diseño de un precalentador de aire, para aumentar en 80°C la temperatura del aire de admisión a las calderas; se determinó el ahorro de petróleo industrial N°6 y reducción de emisiones de CO2 y SO2 que implica la implementación de dicho precalentador. Se dimensionó el tanque de almacenamiento de biometano para una capacidad de 1240.2 pie3, luego se seleccionó el puriï€cador de biometano para un ujo de 460 Nm3/h y posteriormente se determinó el tipo y las dimensiones de las lagunas anaerobias. Finalmente se calculó la inversión, costos por activos ï€jos y beneï€cio total neto, ejecutando el análisis ï€nanciero con las herramientas VAN y TIR; donde se demostró que el proyecto es viable.
Palabras clave: Central térmica, Ciclo Brayton, Biodigestores, Producción de biogás, Precalentador.
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Ferrarez, Adriano Henrique, Delly Oliveira Filho, Luis Manuel Navas Gracia, Jorge Miñon Martinez, Roberto Precci Lopes, Aziz Galvão da Silva Júnior, and Natalia Silva De Souza. "POTENCIAL DE GERAÇÃO DE ELETRICIDADE COM CODIGESTÃO DE RESÍDUOS AGROPECUÁRIOS NA REGIÃO DA ZONA DA MATA, MINAS GERAIS, BRASIL." Revista Gestão & Sustentabilidade Ambiental 4 (December 16, 2015): 302. http://dx.doi.org/10.19177/rgsa.v4e02015302-316.
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Desde outubro de 2012, o sistema elétrico brasileiro enfrenta problemas com o baixo nível dos reservatórios das hidrelétricas. Este cenário pode levar a racionamento de energia, com reflexos sobre a qualidade de vida da população e crescimento econômico. A Zona da Mata de Minas Gerais, formada por 142 municípios, possui um número significativo de pequenas centrais hidrelétricas (PCH). Estas instalações não necessariamente trazem benefícios para a população local, ou seja, os municípios recebem a carga direta da implantação desses empreendimentos sem receber o bônus ou compensação por danos ambientais. A região é o segundo maior centro de produção de carne suína de Minas Gerais e o quinto maior produtor e exportador de carne suína do Brasil. A produção de resíduos derivados da criação de suínos é um grave problema ambiental. O aproveitamento energético dos dejetos de suínos por codigestão anaeróbia com resíduos vegetais (café, feijão, milho e cana de açúcar) é uma oportunidade para promover o saneamento ambiental e aumentar a oferta de energia. Os objetivos deste estudo foram: (i) estimar os resíduos agropecuários disponíveis na região; (ii) estimar o potencial de produção de biometano por meio da codigestão anaeróbia; (iii) avaliar e comparar o potencial de geração de eletricidade a partir do biometano produzido a partir dos dejetos de suínos e por meio da codigestão com resíduos vegetais; e (iv) avaliar os impactos da eletricidade gerada na matriz energética da região. Foi utilizado software de sistema de informações geográficas para a elaboração de mapas da região apresentando a potência elétrica gerada com os resíduos. O potencial de produção de biometano foi estimado em 193.217.223 m3/ano, a potência elétrica em 79,31 MW e a energia gerada pode atender a 28,15% da demanda regional.
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Panduro-Pisco, Grober, Edgar Juan Díaz Zúñiga, Sayuri Julissa Herrera Challco, and Rosmery Elizabeth Amalia Noriega Silva. "Purificación de biogás procedente de lodos de palma aceitera con monoetanolamina (MEA) y Ácido acético (ÁAC)." Ciencia Amazónica (Iquitos) 8, no. 1 (August 31, 2020): 17–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22386/ca.v8i1.278.
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El biogás, considerado alternativo al uso de combustibles fósiles, tiene como impurezas al dióxido de carbono (CO2) y ácido sulfhídrico (H2S) y debe purificarse para obtener biometano con contenido superior al 90% de metano (CH4) y ser utilizado como combustible doméstico y automotor. Por ello se ha planteado purificar el biogás procedente de lodos de palma aceitera (Elaeis guineensis), utilizando componentes químicos: monoetanolamina (MEA) y ácido acético (ÁAC), como tratamiento testigo T0 y T0ꞌ en concentraciones de 30, 50, 70%; la mezcla de ambos en los tratamientos T1 30% MEA y 70% ÁAC, T2 50% MEA y 50% ÁAC y T3 70% MEA y 30% ÁAC. Los resultados muestran para T0 concentraciones de 31% de CO2, 47 ppm de H2S y 69% de CH4 y al T0ꞌ con 44% de CO2, 55 ppm de H2S y 56% de CH4; de las mezclas, el mejor resultado se obtuvo con el T1 con 25% de CO2, 40 ppm de H2S, 75% de CH4 y 7145 kcal; concluyendo que el porcentaje de CH4 registrado (75%) no permite obtener biometano por requerir 90 - 95% de CH4, pero dicho biogás tiene alta calidad y 15 puede usarse para cocción o para combustible de motores.
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Souza, Ayla Soares de, and Sérgio Peres. "Análise de Viabilidade Técnica e Econômica da Utilização do Biogás Produzido em uma Estação de Tratamento de Esgoto do Recife como Combustível para Veículos Leves." Revista de Engenharia e Pesquisa Aplicada 4, no. 2 (April 1, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.25286/repa.v4i2.1221.
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As constantes oscilações dos preços dos combustíveis fósseis impactam consideravelmente na receita operacional de uma estação de tratamento de esgoto, além do consumo destes ocasionar grandes emissões de GEE. Em 2014 o setor de transportes brasileiro foi responsável por 40,1% das emissões de gases do efeito estufa. A utilização do biogás obtido a partir da digestão anaeróbia da matéria orgânica presente nos efluentes domésticos é uma tecnologia consolidada internacionalmente devido ao ganho ambiental e à redução dos custos operacionais. O presente estudo descreve o tipo de tratamento e etapas às quais o efluente é submetido, as características do biogás gerado e o processo de conversão deste em biometano. São apresentados os custos comparativos entre a utilização do biometano e dos combustíveis fósseis no âmbito veicular. Neste contexto, foi analisada a viabilidade técnica e econômica do aproveitamento energético do biogás produzido em uma estação de tratamento de esgoto de grande porte, localizada na região metropolitana do Recife, em Pernambuco, como combustível veicular em virtude dos altos custos da frota utilizada na operação do sistema em questão. A solução proposta se mostrou viável, apresentando retorno financeiro e ganhos ambientais de grande relevância associados ao menor potencial em emissões de GEE.
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HIDALGO BARRIO, MARIA DOLORES, JESUS MARIA MARTIN MARROQUIN, and FRANCISCO CORONA ENCINAS. "TRANSFORMACIÓN DE BIOGÁS EN BIOMETANO: REVISIÓN DE LAS TECNOLOGÍAS DISPONIBLES." DYNA ENERGIA Y SOSTENIBILIDAD 6, no. 1 (2017): [13 p.]. http://dx.doi.org/10.6036/es8078.
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Albuquerque, Sara Mendes de, and Simone de Aviz Cardoso. "Projeto de digestor anaeróbio para produção de biometano auxiliado por computador / Anaerobic digestor project for the production of biomethan assisted by computer." Brazilian Journal of Animal and Environmental Research 3, no. 4 (2020): 3395–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.34188/bjaerv3n4-049.
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Carvalho, Maria Laudecy Ferreira de, Joel Silva dos Santos, Luan Gomes dos Santos de Oliveira, and Ana Bárbara de Araújo Nunes. "Impactos ambientais decorrentes do processo de instalação e operacionalização da Usina de Biogás GNR de Fortaleza (CE): a Educação Ambiental como via de transformação social." Revista Brasileira de Educação Ambiental (RevBEA) 16, no. 4 (August 1, 2021): 227–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.34024/revbea.2021.v16.11568.
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O objetivo deste artigo é identificar os impactos ambientais positivos e negativos causados pela instalação e operacionalização do Aterro Sanitário-ASMOC e da usina de biogás GNR, localizados na Região metropolitana de Fortaleza/CE. A metodologia pautou-se em revisão de literatura, análise documental, entrevistas e questionários, visitas de campo e o uso da Matriz de Leopold para a identificação dos impactos ambientais locais e caracterização da área de estudo. Os resultados obtidos sinalizaram impactos positivos a exemplo da produção do biometano e negativos a exemplo da morte das plantas nativas. Faz- se necessário ações de educação ambiental com os atores sociais visando mitigar os impactos ambientais negativos.
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HERNANDEZ GOMEZ, ROBERTO, and CÉSAR CHAMORRO CAMAZÓN. "SITUACIÓN ACTUAL Y PERSPECTIVAS DEL BIOGÁS Y EL BIOMETANO EN ESPAÑA Y EUROPA." DYNA ENERGIA Y SOSTENIBILIDAD 5, no. 1 (2016): [11 p.]. http://dx.doi.org/10.6036/es8149.
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Miki, Rosane Ebert. "Biometano produzido a partir de biogás de ETEs e seu uso como combustível veicular." Revista DAE 66, no. 209 (2018): 6–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4322/dae.2017.022.
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Nascimento, Maria Cândida Barbosa, Elcires Pimenta Freire, Francisco de Assis Souza Dantas, and Miguel Bortoletto Giansante. "Estado da arte dos aterros de resíduos sólidos urbanos que aproveitam o biogás para geração de energia elétrica e biometano no Brasil." Engenharia Sanitaria e Ambiental 24, no. 1 (February 2019): 143–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-41522019171125.
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RESUMO O aproveitamento do biogás gerado a partir da decomposição da matéria orgânica dos resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU), além de ser uma fonte renovável de energia, também contribui com a redução do lançamento de metano e do dióxido de carbono (CO2) na atmosfera, que são importantes gases de efeito estufa (GEE). No entanto, o biogás é pouco explorado no país e seu potencial continua sendo controverso, principalmente devido às diferentes metodologias de avaliação adotadas. A pesquisa realizada mostra que, entre 2004 e 2015, foram implantadas nos aterros de resíduos do País somente 9 usinas termelétricas, que juntas geram 86,3 MW de energia elétrica, e duas usinas que produzem biometano. Considerando as estimativas existentes, o Brasil explora somente de 7 a 20% do biogás produzido nos aterros de resíduos para fins energéticos.
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Ramos Sampaio, Solaine, Caio Rebuli de Oliveira, and Ricardo Franci Gonçalves. "Panorama da digestão anaeróbia de resíduos orgânicos com alto teor de sólidos: tendências e potencialidades." Revista DAE 69, no. 231 (June 28, 2021): 85–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.36659/dae.2021.048.
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É crescente a quantidade de estudos que afirmam que a digestão anaeróbia (DA) representa não só uma saída para a grande geração de resíduo orgânico no mundo, mas uma alternativa às tradicionais fontes de energia. A referida tecnologia promove a recuperação de biomassas diversas por meio da geração de produtos potencialmente rentáveis e ambientalmente corretos, como o biofertilizante e o metano. Por se tratar de um processo biológico, a DA depende de uma série de variáveis que assumem configurações diversas, tais como: teor de sólidos totais, monodigestão e codigestão, faixas de temperatura mesofílica e termofílica, número de estágios, dentre outros. Nesse sentido, o presente artigo teve como objetivo o levantamento sistematizado de um portfólio bibliográfico com alto fator de impacto para identificar a abrangência da referida tecnologia, bem como verificar as tendências e potencialidades das configurações existentes. Palavras-chave: Digestão anaeróbia. Resíduos orgânicos. Teor de sólidos totais. Bioenergia. Biometano. Biogás. Biofertilizante.
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Navarro Puyuelo, Andrea, Inés Reyero, Ainara Moral, Fernando Bimbela, and Luis Gandia. "Rutas y retos para la valorización de biogás." AVANCES Investigación en Ingeniería 14 (December 15, 2017): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.18041/1794-4953/avances.1.1299.
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Las tecnologías de digestión anaerobia para procesar corrientes residuales (fracción orgánica de residuos de vertedero, lodos de estaciones depuradoras de aguas residuales, purines, etc.) han originado un incremento de la producción de biogás. El biogás está compuesto principalmente por metano y dióxido de carbono, aunque contiene otros componentes minoritarios e impurezas que obligan a efectuar tratamientos para su purificación y acondicionamiento. Existen diversas alternativas para el aprovechamiento y la valorización de este gas, como son: su utilización directa en la generación de energía calorífica y/o eléctrica, su conversión a biometano, y la producción de gas de síntesis (H2+CO), que posteriormente permite producir combustibles líquidos y/o compuestos químicos de interés como el metanol. En este trabajo se presenta una revisión general de las alternativas de valorización de biogás, con énfasis en los procesos de reformado catalítico, tales como el reformado seco o con vapor de agua y procesos de reformado combinado incluyendo la oxidación parcial.
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Santos, Angelica M. dos, Geiza P. Assunção, Alberthmeiry T. de Figueiredo, and Cristiano M. Barrado. "Avaliação da Produção de Biometano da Geração de Biogás a partir de Dejetos Bovinos com Diferentes Diluições." Revista Processos Químicos 13, no. 26 (March 7, 2020): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.19142/rpq.v13i26.539.
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A geração de biogás a partir da digestão anaeróbica é um processo altamente efiiente para reciclagem de resíduos orgânicos como fonte de energia limpa. Desta forma, o trabalho avaliou o potencial de produção de biogás de dejetos bovinos, especifiamente, a produção de metano e o tempo de início de produção, a partir de diferentes diluições 1:2; 1:6; 1:10 de kg dejeto por kg de água. Através dos dados obtidos, concluiu-se que a produção de metano é afetada pelo fator de diluição, o reator abastecido com diluição 1:2 teve os melhores resultados com 80 % de metano e 7 dias para o início da produção.
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Guerini Filho, Marildo, Luiza Siqueira, Roger Coroto, and Odorico Konrad. "ANÁLISE DAS EMISSÕES ATMOSFÉRICAS, RENDIMENTO E NÍVEL DE RUÍDO EM ÔNIBUS MOVIDO A BIOMETANO – UM ESTUDO DE CASO." Enciclopédia Biosfera 14, no. 25 (December 5, 2017): 1352–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.18677/encibio_2017b113.
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HIDALGO BARRIO, MARIA DOLORES, SERGIO SANZ BEDATE, JESUS MARIA MARTIN MARROQUIN, JUAN CASTRO BUSTAMANTE, and GREGORIO ANTOLIN GIRALDO. "INFLUENCIA DE LAS CONDICIONES DE OPERACIÓN EN EL REFINO DE BIOGAS PARA PRODUCIR BIOMETANO MEDIANTE CONTACTORES DE MEMBRANA." DYNA INGENIERIA E INDUSTRIA 95, no. 1 (2020): 388–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.6036/9366.
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Gonzalez-Alcocer, Alfredo, Ana Patricia Duarte-Jurado, Adolfo Soto-Dominguez, Maria de Jesus Loera-Arias, Eliud Enrique Villarreal-Silva, Odila Saucedo-Cardenas, Roberto Montes de Oca-Luna, Aracely Garcia-Garcia, and Humberto Rodriguez-Rocha. "Unscrambling the Role of Redox-Active Biometals in Dopaminergic Neuronal Death and Promising Metal Chelation-Based Therapy for Parkinson’s Disease." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 2 (January 9, 2023): 1256. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24021256.
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Biometals are all metal ions that are essential for all living organisms. About 40% of all enzymes with known structures require biometals to function correctly. The main target of damage by biometals is the central nervous system (CNS). Biometal dysregulation (metal deficiency or overload) is related to pathological processes. Chronic occupational and environmental exposure to biometals, including iron and copper, is related to an increased risk of developing Parkinson’s disease (PD). Indeed, biometals have been shown to induce a dopaminergic neuronal loss in the substantia nigra. Although the etiology of PD is still unknown, oxidative stress dysregulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inhibition of both the ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy are related to dopaminergic neuronal death. Herein, we addressed the involvement of redox-active biometals, iron, and copper, as oxidative stress and neuronal death inducers, as well as the current metal chelation-based therapy in PD.
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Peña Dávila, Godofredo, and Gonzalo Dávila-del-Carpio. "Purificación del Biogás para la producción de Biometano, a través de sistemas de filtración de CO2 y vapor de agua." Veritas 21, no. 2 (October 30, 2020): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.35286/veritas.v21i2.277.
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El biogás es un biocombustible producto de la digestión anaeróbica de productos orgánicos. Su poder calorífico es bajo (18 MJ/Nm3) y mejora cuando se convierte en biometano por eliminación de CO2, vapor de agua y H2S. Nos propusimos desarrollar tecnología para purificar el biogás obtenido en la planta HPTC del Fundo La Católica de El Pedregal-Majes, para lo cual se diseñó, construyó y evaluó un sistema de filtrado por depuración con agua presurizada (Scrubber), para reducir el contenido de CO2 a valores menores a 5.0% V/V; para ello trabajamos a 03 presiones de operación (6, 9 y 10bar) combinadas con 03 temperaturas (10, 15 y 20ºC), obteniéndose el mejor resultado de purificación, 4,3% V/V de CO2 a 10°C y 10bar de presión. El sistema toma el biogás, lo presuriza e introduce por un tubo de acero de 0.05m de diámetro y 3,0m de altura ubicado en la parte inferior, en cuyo interior se encuentran 04 tubos de PVC de diámetros decrecientes, con perforaciones y separadores que aumentan la superficie de contacto y por ende la absorción del CO2. Igualmente, se desarrolló un sistema de filtrado PSA para el vapor de agua; se presuriza el biogás e introduce en la parte inferior por un tubo de acero de 0,2m de diámetro y 0,5m de altura, en cuyo interior se encuentra la zeolita como adsorbente. El flujo de biogás es controlado a través de válvulas y el filtrado se retira por la parte superior, logrando reducir el contenido de vapor de agua a 2.2% V/V a 8bar de presión y temperatura ambiente.
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Petraglia, Fernanda Fajardo Nacif, Gabriel Alves de Souza Gonçalves, Adriana Lau da Silva Martins, Ana Lucia Barbosa de Souza, Fernando Luiz Pellegrini Pessoa, and Cristiane de Souza Siqueira Pereira. "Avaliação técnica do processo de síntese de biogás a partir de substratos rurais." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 15 (November 21, 2021): e96101522229. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i15.22229.
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A região do Vale do Café, no estado do Rio de Janeiro, apresenta grande parte do solo voltado à agropecuária e o Município de Vassouras, como uma das cidades que a compõem, possui aproximadamente 62% da área destinada a esta prática. O grande volume de dejetos de animais e palhas de vegetais nestas regiões rurais apresentam potencial como matéria prima para geração de energia e podem contribuir também para a produção de fertilizantes orgânicos. Os resíduos rurais convertidos em gases e/ou fertilizantes orgânicos podem ser designados ao uso da própria agricultura local, colaborando para o desenvolvimento sustentável. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a viabilidade técnica da produção de biometano utilizando como matéria prima substratos rurais. Para esta análise foi utilizado o simulador de processos (SuperPro Designer®). Na simulação considerou-se um digestor anaeróbio com capacidade de 6 toneladas e alimentação de 112,5 kg/d de material orgânico, sendo 90 kg de esterco seco e 22,5 kg de palha de vegetal. Os dados das reações enzimáticas que ocorrem no processo de digestão anaeróbia foram ajustados no simulador e corresponderam as etapas de hidrólise, acidogênese, acetogênese e metanogênese. Após a simulação realizada verificou-se a viabilidade técnica da produção de biogás, sendo gerado aproximadamente 90 m3 de biogás por dia.
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Carvalho, Maria Laudecy Ferreira de, Joel Silva dos Santos, Luan Gomes dos Santos de Oliveira, and Ana Bárbara de Araújo Nunes. "Conflitos socioambientais em torno do Aterro Sanitário Metropolitano Oeste de Caucaia, Ceará, Brasil." Revista Brasileira de Gestão Ambiental e Sustentabilidade 8, no. 20 (2021): 1707–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21438/rbgas(2021)082027.
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O objetivo deste artigo foi constatar os conflitos socioambientais causados pelas ações da gestão dos resíduos com a instalação e a operacionalização do Aterro Sanitário Metropolitano Oeste de Caucaia (ASMOC) e da Usina GNR Fortaleza Valorização de Biogás Ltda, localizados no Município de Caucaia Região Metropolitana de Fortaleza, Nordeste do Brasil. A pesquisa parte do entendimento de que o aterro e a usina têm gerado externalidades ambientais, e consequentemente, conflitos socioambientais. A metodologia utilizada para a compreensão e caracterização dos conflitos socioambientais na área de estudo, utilizou-se do arcabouço teórico fundamentado por diversos autores da Ecologia Política. Foram realizadas entrevistas e aplicação de questionários semiestruturados com atores sociais da gestão e do entorno da usina de biogás e do aterro sanitário para melhor compreensão do surgimento dos conflitos socioambientais tomando-se como base a Ecologia Política. Assim como, a investigação documental, levantamento bibliográfico, visita de campo e registro fotográfico. Os resultados obtidos sinalizaram vários conflitos socioambientais, a exemplo de luta urbana por ar e água limpos, espaços verdes, direitos dos ciclistas e pedestres, a defesa dos rios, a degradação dos solos, a luta dos trabalhadores pela saúde e segurança ocupacional, o racismo ambiental, o ecologismo dos pobres, a população ter direito ao acesso ao biometano produzido pela usina GNR, dentre outros.
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Orliński, Piotr, Piotr Laskowski, Magdalena Zimakowska-Laskowska, and Paweł Mazuruk. "Assessment of the Impact of the Addition of Biomethanol to Diesel Fuel on the Coking Process of Diesel Engine Injectors." Energies 15, no. 3 (January 18, 2022): 688. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15030688.
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The paper presents unique research results on the effect of coking of diesel engine injector nozzles powered by mixtures of 10%, 20% and 30% biomethanol and diesel fuel compared to the engine being supplied with pure diesel fuel. The test results, obtained from an experiment conducted in accordance with the ISO 15550-1 standard, show the legitimacy of using biomethanol as an additive to diesel fuel due to the lower coking effect of the injector nozzles, which has a positive impact on the reduction of pollutant emissions during engine operation. Regarding the CEC PF-023 test, the tendency to reduce the coking tendency increases the percentage of biomethanol additive to diesel fuel. With a 10% share of biomethnol, the average coking effect of the injectors is over 1% lower, but with a share of 30% of bio-methanol, the coking effect is nearly 2% lower.
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Scussel, Anelise Cristine, and Luis Antonio Rezende Muniz. "Dimensionamento de um sistema de obtenção e purificação de biogás a partir de dejetos suínos." Revista Eletrônica Científica da UERGS 6, no. 1 (March 4, 2020): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21674/2448-0479.61.9-19.
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A suinocultura é uma atividade que representa riscos ao meio ambiente, devido à quantidade de dejetos gerados. Um suíno com um porte de 25 a 100 kg produz aproximadamente 7 litros de dejetos líquidos/dia. A utilização de biodigestores para o tratamento de dejetos suínos reduz os poluentes e ainda produz biogás. Os resultados deste estudo referem-se ao projeto de uma unidade geradora de biometano para uma granja de 250 suínos, com uma vazão de 1,75 m³/dia de dejetos. Nesta unidade os dejetos são encaminhados para um reator UASB com altura de 6 m e diâmetro de 2,005 m. No reator é realizada a digestão anaeróbia operando com uma temperatura de 30 a 35°C. A COV adotada foi 3,35 kgDQO/m³.dia e a concentração de DQO solúvel 36,26 kgDQO/m³, com estes parâmetros foi obtido TDH de 259,75 horas e uma eficiência de remoção de DQO e DBO de 90,29% e 95,66% respectivamente. A produção volumétrica de biogás gerada no reator foi 22,54 m³/dia. Para remover o H₂S e o CO₂ foi projetado um tanque de dessulfurização de 145,54 mm de altura e 83,17 mm de diâmetro, aplicando como agente dessulfurante uma lama de cal com vazão de 458 mL/dia, na qual é borbulhado o biogás. Após, o biogás dessulfurado segue para uma coluna de adsorção de 1,286 m de altura e 64,3 mm de diâmetro, utilizando como adsorvente 1.721,95 g de carvão vegetal, para fazer a remoção da umidade.
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Triviño Pineda, Jairo Smith, Claudia Yolanda Reyes, and Javier Eduardo Sánchez Ramírez. "Subproductos generados en el tratamiento y valorización de residuos sólidos urbanos dentro del concepto de biorrefinería: una revisión sistemática." Ingeniería y Región 25 (May 19, 2021): 60–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.25054/22161325.2783.
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Esta revisión tiene como objetivo recopilar y resumir las investigaciones llevadas a cabo actualmente asociadas a la obtención de subproductos generados a partir de los residuos sólidos urbanos (RSU) empleando diversos procesos dentro del concepto de las biorrefinerías. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica utilizando la base de datos DIALNET, SCIENCEDIRECT, GOOGLE SCHOLAR y ACADEMIC de los cuales se incluyeron artículos en inglés y español publicados entre julio del 2008 de junio del 2020. Se expulsaron los artículos de años anteriores, artículos que no informan subproductos, informes de los temas y capítulos de libros. Esta revisión mostro que a partir de los RSU se puede generar varios productos que tienen un gran valor tanto para la fabricación de productos como en el comercio, por lo tanto, se recomiendan más investigaciones al respecto. Dentro de los productos generados se mencionan el biogás, biometano, bioetanol, biohidrógeno, ácidos grasos volátiles, ácido láctico, Biofertilizantes y enmiendas agrícolas. Además, la mayoría de los estudios analizados sobre la producción de los subproductos se han realizado en modo discontinuo obteniendo un solo producto, por lo que no se enmarca dentro del concepto de biorrefinería. La idea es proporcionar nuevos conocimientos alternos para implementar el desarrollo y la implementación de una biorrefinería a gran escala usando como materia prima los residuos sólidos urbanos que están compuestos principalmente por proteínas, ácidos acético, lignina entre otros, que por medio de la unión de varios procesos bioquímicos es posible obtener biocombustibles, productos químicos y nutrientes tales como biogás, bioetanol, biohidrógeno, ácido láctico, ácidos grasos volátiles, biofertilizantes, logrando impactos positivos ambientales, ecológicos, sociales, económicos y técnicos.
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Balmuș, Ioana-Miruna, Stefan-Adrian Strungaru, Alin Ciobica, Mircea-Nicusor Nicoara, Romeo Dobrin, Gabriel Plavan, and Cristinel Ștefănescu. "Preliminary Data on the Interaction between Some Biometals and Oxidative Stress Status in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease Patients." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2017 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7156928.
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Increased interest regarding the biometal mechanisms of action and the pathways in which they have regulatory roles was lately observed. Particularly, it was shown that biometal homeostasis dysregulation may lead to neurodegeneration including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson disease, or prion protein disease, since important molecular signaling mechanisms in brain functions implicate both oxidative stress and redox active biometals. Oxidative stress could be a result of a breakdown in metal-ion homeostasis which leads to abnormal metal protein chelation. In our previous work, we reported a strong correlation between Alzheimer’s disease and oxidative stress. Consequently, the aim of the present work was to evaluate some of the biometals’ levels (magnesium, manganese, and iron), the specific activity of some antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase), and a common lipid peroxidation marker (malondialdehyde concentration), in mild cognitive impairment (n=15) and Alzheimer’s disease (n=15) patients, compared to age-matched healthy subjects (n=15). We found increased lipid peroxidation effects, low antioxidant defense, low magnesium and iron concentrations, and high manganese levels in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease patients, in a gradual manner. These data could be relevant for future association studies regarding the prediction of Alzheimer’s disease development risk or circling through stages by analyzing both active redox metals, oxidative stress markers, and the correlations in between.
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Hlinková, Eva-Žofie, Zdeněk Varga, and Jana Zábranská. "Biologická konverze energeticky bohatých plynů na biometan." Entecho 4, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.35933/entecho.2021.001.
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Přechod ze stávajících neobnovitelných zdrojů elektrické energie na zdroje obnovitelné se jeví jako vhodné řešení pro celosvětově narůstající spotřebu energie. Udržitelná technologie pro zpracování organických odpadů formou anaerobní fermentace produkuje bioplyn, z kterého se odstraněním oxidu uhličitého získává biometan – energeticky bohatý plyn kompatibilní se zemním plynem a využitelný jako biopalivo. Zaváděním externího vodíku, získaného z přebytečné energie z obnovitelných zdrojů, do procesu anaerobní fermentace dochází pomocí hydrogenotrofních metanogenů k redukci oxidu uhličitého na metan, čímž se zvyšuje výhřevnost bioplynu v ideálním případě až na biometan. V rámci této práce byla zkoumána technologie obohacování bioplynu pomocí vodíku přímým zaváděním do fermentoru tzv. metoda in-situ a s využitím externího bioreaktoru tzv. metoda ex-situ Získané výsledky z provozu laboratorních modelů insitu a ex-situ bioreaktoru poslouží k sestrojení poloprovozního modelu této technologie pro následné převedení do praxe. Abstract - EN The transition from existing sources of electricity to renewables seems to be a suitable solution for the global increase of energy consumption. Sustainable technology of anaerobic fermentation for the treatment of organic wastes produces biogas, from which is by removing carbon dioxide obtained biomethane – energy-rich gas compatible with natural gas and can be used as biofuel. Hydrogen obtained by using excess energy production from renewable sources, can be introduce into the anaerobic fermentation process. Hydrogenotrophic methanogens use external hydrogen for reduction of carbon dioxide to methane, which increases energetical potencial of biogas, ideally up to the level of biomethane. In this work, the technology of enrichment of biogas with hydrogen by direct introduction into the fermenter, the “in-situ” method and with the use of an external bioreactor, the “ex-situ method,” was investigated. The results obtained from the operation of laboratory models of insitu and ex-situ bioreactors will be used to build a pilot model of this technology for subsequent implementation in practice.
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Zavarise, Julio Pansiere, Yasmim Sagrillo Pimassoni, Laura Marina Pinotti, and Ediu Carlos Lopes Lemos. "Emissões teóricas de biogás de aterro e seu aproveitamento energético no Brasil: um estudo bibliométrico." Latin American Journal of Energy Research 8, no. 1 (July 11, 2021): 96–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.21712/lajer.2021.v8.n1.p96-108.
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A destinação incorreta dos resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU) causa a emissão de gases do efeito estufa (GEE), como o metano (CH4). Os aterros sanitários são a principal destinação dos RSU no Brasil e geram o biogás de aterro, o qual pode ser aproveitado para fins energéticos. Para que os aterros possam projetar sistemas de recuperação e uso energético do biogás é necessário estimar o volume de gás que será emitido durante a vida útil do aterro. Para isso, pode-se fazer uso de modelos matemáticos, como o LandGEM e o modelo desenvolvido pelo Painel Intergovernamental sobre Mudanças Climáticas (IPCC, da sigla em inglês). Considerando o crescimento das publicações acerca da valorização energética do biogás de aterro, este estudo teve como objetivo, identificar as tendências e lacunas das pesquisas sobre os estudos das emissões teóricas de CH4 em aterros sanitários brasileiros e seu posterior aproveitamento energético, através de uma análise bibliométrica. Foi observada uma tendência de crescimento no número de publicações no período de 2013 a 2020. A Índia, China e os Estados Unidos são os países que mais publicaram artigos dentro da temática no período de análise. Quanto aos modelos aplicados, observou-se forte preferência pelo modelo LandGEM e por projetos de conversão de biogás em energia elétrica. Destaca-se ainda o crescimento da geração distribuída de eletricidade a partir do biogás de aterro. Como oportunidades de pesquisas tem-se a possibilidade de utilização do modelo IPCC para gerar estimativas teóricas de emissões de GEE nos aterros de RSU brasileiros e o uso do biometano na geração de calor e na substituição da demanda local por gás natural.
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Nikolic, Ruzica, Natasa Radosavljevic-Stevanovic, Tatjana Andjelkovic, Maja Stankovic, and Nenad Krstic. "The migration of some biometal ions in the system mineral tissue of teeth-soil and teeth-water mediums." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 79, no. 11 (2014): 1395–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc140207058n.
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The paper outlines the changes in the mineral tissue of teeth which was exposed to the influence of natural mediums agents. Also, mineral tissue can be used as potentially important forensic material which is gradually altered under the influence of external mediums. Biometal content was determined by using ICP-OES technique. According to the quantitative changes of biometals in teeth tissue after its exposure to different mediums, the migration of ions Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ in the teeth-soil and teeth-water mediums was observed. The Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions content in mineral tissue increased, but the Cu2+ ion content decreased. The Fe2+ and Zn2+ ions migration depends on the content and type of the soil mediums and differs for clay soil, limestone enriched soil and urban area soil. The occurred changes in the teeth mineral matrix were detected by SEM-EDS technique. The intensity of the biometal content and the mineral matrix changes are a potentially significant subject matter for forensic examination, because they indicate the kind of medium in which this material was kept.
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Lampinen, Riikka, Veronika Górová, Simone Avesani, Jeffrey R. Liddell, Elina Penttilä, Táňa Závodná, Zdeněk Krejčík, et al. "Biometal Dyshomeostasis in Olfactory Mucosa of Alzheimer’s Disease Patients." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 8 (April 8, 2022): 4123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23084123.
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Olfactory function, orchestrated by the cells of the olfactory mucosa at the rooftop of the nasal cavity, is disturbed early in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Biometals including zinc and calcium are known to be important for sense of smell and to be altered in the brains of AD patients. Little is known about elemental homeostasis in the AD patient olfactory mucosa. Here we aimed to assess whether the disease-related alterations to biometal homeostasis observed in the brain are also reflected in the olfactory mucosa. We applied RNA sequencing to discover gene expression changes related to metals in olfactory mucosal cells of cognitively healthy controls, individuals with mild cognitive impairment and AD patients, and performed analysis of the elemental content to determine metal levels. Results demonstrate that the levels of zinc, calcium and sodium are increased in the AD olfactory mucosa concomitantly with alterations to 17 genes related to metal-ion binding or metal-related function of the protein product. A significant elevation in alpha-2-macroglobulin, a known metal-binding biomarker correlated with brain disease burden, was observed on the gene and protein levels in the olfactory mucosa cells of AD patients. These data demonstrate that the olfactory mucosa cells derived from AD patients recapitulate certain impairments of biometal homeostasis observed in the brains of patients.
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Sugiyono, Agus, Asmi Rima Juwita, Zulaicha Dwi Hastuti, and Ira Fitriana. "Kajian Tekno Ekonomi Upgrading Biogas Berbasis POME Dengan Teknologi Water Scrubber." JTERA (Jurnal Teknologi Rekayasa) 4, no. 1 (May 14, 2019): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31544/jtera.v4.i1.2019.61-68.
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Biometana dari POME (palm oil mill effluent) merupakan energi terbarukan yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai substitusi gas alam dan LPG. Produksi biometana dapat mencapai 10% dari konsumsi gas bumi saat ini atau setara dengan 20% dari konsumsi LPG bila keseluruhan kapasitas produksi pabrik kelapa sawit dioptimalkan. Salah satu teknologi untuk produksi biometana yang sudah komersial untuk skala industri adalah water scrubber. Penerapan teknologi ini, khususnya di pabrik kelapa sawit Sei Pagar, Riau dengan kapasitas 250 Nm3/jam, belum ekonomis. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk melakukan kajian tekno ekonomi upgrading biogas berbasis POME dengan teknologi water scrubber. Berdasarkan hasil kajian yang dilakukan, biaya investasi upgrading biogas plant mencapai 53,2 miliar rupiah, sedangkan biaya operasi dan perawatannya mencapai 8,3 miliar rupiah. Harga biometana masih lebih mahal dari pada harga gas bumi sebesar 5,62 USD/MMBTU. Pada harga gas di atas 18,5 USD/MMBTU, upgrading biogas plant layak untuk dikembangkan. Kendala yang dihadapi dalam mencapai kelayakan adalah biaya investasi yang mahal serta harga gas bumi yang lebih murah. Berbagai kebijakan seperti transisi energi dan feed in tariff untuk energi terbarukan serta penerapan biaya eksternalitas dan depletion premium untuk energi fosil diharapkan dapat mendorong kelayakan penggunaan biometana berbasis POME di masa mendatang.
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Gonçalves, Puna, Guerra, Rodrigues, Gomes, Santos, and Alves. "Towards the Development of Syngas/Biomethane Electrolytic Production, Using Liquefied Biomass and Heterogeneous Catalyst." Energies 12, no. 19 (October 6, 2019): 3787. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12193787.
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This paper presents results on the research currently being carried out with the objective of developing new electrochemistry-based processes to produce renewable synthetic fuels from liquefied biomass. In the current research line, the gas mixtures obtained from the typical electrolysis are not separated into their components but rather are introduced into a reactor together with liquefied biomass, at atmospheric pressure and different temperatures, under acidified zeolite Y catalyst, to obtain synthesis gas. This gaseous mixture has several applications, like the production of synthetic 2nd generation biofuel (e. g., biomethane, biomethanol, bio-dimethyl ether, formic acid, etc.). The behaviour of operational parameters such as biomass content, temperature and the use of different amounts of acidified zeolite HY catalyst were investigated. In the performed tests, it was found that, in addition to the synthesis gas (hydrogen, oxygen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide), methane was also obtained. Therefore, this research is quite promising, and the most favourable results were obtained by carrying out the biomass test at 300 °C, together with 4% of acidified zeolite Y catalyst, which gives a methane volumetric concentration equal to 35%.
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Radovanović, Jelena, Biljana Antonijević, Katarina Baralić, Marijana Ćurčić, Danijela Đukić-Ćosić, Zorica Bulat, Dragana Javorac, et al. "Redox and biometal status in Wistar rats after subacute exposure to fluoride and selenium counter-effects." Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 73, no. 3 (September 1, 2022): 207–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aiht-2022-73-3650.
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Abstract This study aimed to investigate the effect of 150 mg/L sodium fluoride (NaF) on redox status parameters and essential metals [copper (Cu), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn)] in the blood, liver, kidney, brain, and spleen of Wistar rats and to determine the protective potential of selenium (Se) against fluoride (F-) toxicity. Male Wistar rats were randomly distributed in groups of five (n=5) receiving tap water (control) or water with NaF 150 mg/L, NaF 150 mg/L + Se 1.5 mg/L, and Se 1.5 mg/L solutions ad libitum for 28 days. Fluorides caused an imbalance in the redox and biometal (Cu, Fe, and Zn) status, leading to high superoxide anion (O2 .-) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the blood and brain and a drop in superoxide dismutase (SOD1) activity in the liver and its increase in the brain and kidneys. Se given with NaF improved MDA, SOD1, and O2 .- in the blood, brain, and kidneys, while alone it decreased SH group levels in the liver and kidney. Biometals both reduced and increased F- toxicity. Further research is needed before Se should be considered as a promising strategy for mitigating F- toxicity.
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Piechota, Grzegorz, and Bartłomiej Igliński. "Biomethane in Poland—Current Status, Potential, Perspective and Development." Energies 14, no. 6 (March 10, 2021): 1517. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14061517.
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Every year the interest in biofuels, including biomethane, grows in Poland. Biomethane, obtained from biogas, is widely used in the Polish economy; the most important two applications are as gas injected into the gas grid and as automotive fuel. The aim of this work is to determine the potential for the development of the biomethane sector in Poland. The following article presents the technological stages of biomethane extraction and purification. The investment process for biogas/biomethane installation is presented in the form of a Gannt chart; this process is extremely long in Poland, with a duration of three years. In the coming months, the Polish Oil Mining and Gas Extraction will begin to invest in biomethane, which will be connected to the gas grid, while the Polish oil refiner and petrol retailer, Orlen, will invest in biomethane to be used as automotive fuel. This article includes a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) and PEST (Political, Economic, Social, Technological) analysis of the biogas/biomethane sector in Poland. The main barriers to the development of the biogas/biomethane sector in Poland are high investment costs, long lead times and a strong conventional energy lobby. The most important advantages of biogas/biomethane technology in Poland include environmental aspects, high biomethane potential and well-developed agriculture. The development of biogas/biomethane technology in Poland will slowly reduce environmental pollution, reduce carbon dioxide emissions and allow for partial independence from the importing of natural gas.
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Geletukha, G. G., and Yu B. Matveev. "PROSPECTS OF BIOMETHANE PRODUCTION IN UKRAINE." Thermophysics and Thermal Power Engineering 43, no. 3 (October 8, 2021): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.31472/ttpe.3.2021.8.
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Biogas upgrading to quality of natural gas (NG) creates possibility to supply biomethane to the NG grid, easy transportation and production of electricity and heat in locations where there is guaranteed consumption of thermal energy. Biomethane as a close NG analogue can be used for heat and electricity production, as soon as motor fuel and raw material for chemical industry.
The International Energy Agency (IEA) estimates that the world's annual biomethane production potential is 730 bcm (20% of current world's NG consumption). World biomethane production reached almost 5 bcm/yr in 2019. According to forecast of the European Biogas Association the biogas and biomethane sector may almost double its production by 2030. According to IEA estimates, annual world biomethane production could reach 200 bcm in 2040 in case the sustainable development strategy is implemented
Currently, the Bioenergy Association of Ukraine estimates the potential for biogas/biomethane production in Ukraine using fermentation technology as 7,8 bcm/yr (25% of the country's current NG consumption). The roadmap of bioenergy development in Ukraine until 2050 envisages growth of biomethane production to 1,7 bcm in 2035 and up to 3 bcm in 2050.
Currently the prospects for green hydrogen development are well known. The authors support the need of hydrogen technologies as one of the way for production and use of renewable gases. However, they believe that biomethane has no less prospects.
Transporting of one cubic meter of biomethane through gas pipeline at 60 bar pressure transmits almost four times more energy than transporting of one cubic meter of hydrogen. This is fundamental advantage of biomethane. Another advantage is the full readiness of gas infrastructure for biomethane. Given the cost of gas infrastructure modernization to use hydrogen, it is more cost-effective to convert green hydrogen to synthetic methane.
Currently, biomethane is in average three times cheaper than green hydrogen, the cost of the two renewable gases is expected to equalize by 2050, and only further possible reduction in the cost of green hydrogen below $2/kg will make green hydrogen cheaper than biomethane. Therefore, the greatest prospects can be seen in the combination of the advantages of both renewable gases and conversion of green hydrogen into synthetic methane (power-to-gas process).
Authors believe that after adoption of legislation to support the development of biomethane production and use in Ukraine, the bulk of biomethane produced in the country will be exported to EU, where more favourable conditions for biomethane consumption are developed. As Ukraine's economy grows, more and more of the biomethane produced will be used for domestic consumption.
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Atelge, Muhamed Rasit, Halil Senol, Mohammed Djaafri, Tulin Avci Hansu, David Krisa, Abdulaziz Atabani, Cigdem Eskicioglu, et al. "A Critical Overview of the State-of-the-Art Methods for Biogas Purification and Utilization Processes." Sustainability 13, no. 20 (October 18, 2021): 11515. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132011515.
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Biogas is one of the most attractive renewable resources due to its ability to convert waste into energy. Biogas is produced during an anaerobic digestion process from different organic waste resources with a combination of mainly CH4 (~50 mol/mol), CO2 (~15 mol/mol), and some trace gasses. The percentage of these trace gases is related to operating conditions and feedstocks. Due to the impurities of the trace gases, raw biogas has to be cleaned before use for many applications. Therefore, the cleaning, upgrading, and utilization of biogas has become an important topic that has been widely studied in recent years. In this review, raw biogas components are investigated in relation to feedstock resources. Then, using recent developments, it describes the cleaning methods that have been used to eliminate unwanted components in biogas. Additionally, the upgrading processes are systematically reviewed according to their technology, recovery range, and state of the art methods in this area, regarding obtaining biomethane from biogas. Furthermore, these upgrading methods have been comprehensively reviewed and compared with each other in terms of electricity consumption and methane losses. This comparison revealed that amine scrubbing is one the most promising methods in terms of methane losses and the energy demand of the system. In the section on biogas utilization, raw biogas and biomethane have been assessed with recently available data from the literature according to their usage areas and methods. It seems that biogas can be used as a biofuel to produce energy via CHP and fuel cells with high efficiency. Moreover, it is able to be utilized in an internal combustion engine which reduces exhaust emissions by using biofuels. Lastly, chemical production such as biomethanol, bioethanol, and higher alcohols are in the development stage for utilization of biogas and are discussed in depth. This review reveals that most biogas utilization approaches are in their early stages. The gaps that require further investigations in the field have been identified and highlighted for future research.
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Murano, Roberto, Natascia Maisano, Roberta Selvaggi, Gioacchino Pappalardo, and Biagio Pecorino. "Critical Issues and Opportunities for Producing Biomethane in Italy." Energies 14, no. 9 (April 24, 2021): 2431. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14092431.
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Nowadays, most Italian biogas produces electricity even though recent political incentives are promoting biomethane from biogas by “upgrading” it. The aim of this paper is to focus on the regulatory framework for producing biomethane from new or already-existent anaerobic digestion plants. The complexity and lack of knowledge of the regulations on biofuel production and of anaerobic digested biomethane from waste and by-products create difficulties of both interpretation and application. Consequently, the aim of this paper is to analyze the regulations for producing biomethane, underline the critical issues and opportunities, and evaluate whether an electrical plant built in the last 10 years in Italy can really be converted to a biomethane plant, thereby lengthening its lifespan. Three case studies were considered to look more closely into applying Italian biomethane incentives and to simulate the types of incentivization in agriculture with examples based on certain fuel types typical of a standard biomethane plant of 500 standard cubic meter per hour. All the considered cases put in evidence that biomethane is a further opportunity for development with a high level of efficiency for all biogas producers, especially for many biogas plants whose incentivization period is about to finish.
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Schmid, Horschig, Pfeiffer, Szarka, and Thrän. "Biogas Upgrading: A Review of National Biomethane Strategies and Support Policies in Selected Countries." Energies 12, no. 19 (October 8, 2019): 3803. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12193803.
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Bioenergy contributes significantly towards the share of renewable energies, in Europe and worldwide. Besides solid and liquid biofuels, gaseous biofuels, such as biogas or upgraded biogas (biomethane), are an established renewable fuel in Europe. Although many studies consider biomethane technologies, feedstock potentials, or sustainability issues, the literature on the required legislative framework for market introduction is limited. Therefore, this research aims at identifying the market and legislative framework conditions in the three leading biomethane markets in Europe and compare them to the framework conditions of the top six non-European biomethane markets. This study shows the global status and national differences in promoting this renewable energy carrier. For the cross-country comparison, a systematic and iterative literature review is conducted. The results show the top three European biomethane markets (Germany, United Kingdom, Sweden) and the six non-European biomethane markets (Brazil, Canada, China, Japan, South Korea, and the United States of America), pursuing different promotion approaches and framework conditions. Noteworthy cross-national findings are the role of state-level incentives, the tendency to utilise biomethane as vehicular fuel and the focus on residues and waste as feedstock for biomethane production. Presenting a cross-country comparison, this study supports cross-country learning for the promotion of renewable energies like biomethane and gives a pertinent overview of the work.
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Caposciutti, Gianluca, Andrea Baccioli, Lorenzo Ferrari, and Umberto Desideri. "Biogas from Anaerobic Digestion: Power Generation or Biomethane Production?" Energies 13, no. 3 (February 8, 2020): 743. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13030743.
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Biogas is a fuel obtained from organic waste fermentation and can be an interesting solution for producing electric energy, heat and fuel. Recently, many European countries have incentivized the production of biomethane to be injected into natural gas grids or compressed and used as biofuel in vehicles. The introduction of an upgrading unit into an existing anaerobic digestion plant to convert biogas to biomethane may have a strong impact on the overall energy balance of the systems. The amount of biomethane produced may be optimized from several points of view (i.e., energy, environmental and economic). In this paper, the mass and energy fluxes of an anaerobic digestion plant were analyzed as a function of the biogas percentage sent to the upgrading system and the amount of biomethane produced. A numerical model of an anaerobic digestion plant was developed by considering an existing case study. The mass and energy balance of the digesters, cogeneration unit, upgrading system and auxiliary boiler were estimated when the amount of produced biomethane was varied. An internal combustion engine was adopted as the cogeneration unit and a CO2 absorption system was assumed for biogas upgrading. Results demonstrated that the energy balance of the plant is strictly dependent on the biomethane production and that an excess of biomethane production makes the plant totally dependent on external energy sources. As for the environmental impact, an optimal level of biomethane production exists that minimizes the emissions of equivalent CO2. However, high biomethane subsides can encourage plant managers to increase biomethane production and thus reduce CO2 savings.
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Trypolska, Galyna. "PROSPECTS FOR STATE SUPPORT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE BIOMETHANE INDUSTRY IN UKRAINE UNTIL 2040." Ekonomìka ì prognozuvannâ 2021, no. 2 (June 29, 2021): 128–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/eip2021.02.128.
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The paper considers the prospects for the state support for the development of biomethane industry in Ukraine from 2025 to 2040. The main financial incentives for the use of biomass-derived energy are a special tariff for heat from sources other than natural gas, and a feed-in tariff (the auction price in the future). In the EU, biomethane production is gaining ground due to available financial incentives (premiums to the cost of natural gas, and premiums to feed-in tariff). The main obstacle to the large-scale spread of biogas (and, accordingly, biomethane) is the high cost of equipment. The amounts of state support for biogas production with its purification to biomethane and supply of the latter to the gas transmission and gas distribution networks under the conditions of biomethane production in the amounts provided by the draft Roadmap for Bioenergy Development in Ukraine until 2050 were assessed. While maintaining the price of natural gas at the level of prices of 2021 (EUR 0.24/m3), the need to subsidize biomethane production from 2025 to 2040 can reach EUR 0.263-3.5 billion, on average EUR 16.5-217 million per year. Infrastructure expenditures were not taken into account in the assessment. The possibility of electricity output from biomethane was not considered, as biogas refining to the quality of biomethane requires additional funds. The statutory auction price may be sufficient only for certain types of feedstock and for large biogas plants. The use of biomethane may be appropriate in the transport sector, as biomethane is an "advanced biofuel", and Ukraine already has a relatively extensive network of methane filling stations. Biomethane production in Ukraine will require state support, particularly in the form of direct subsidies to biomethane producers (in the form of premium to the price of natural gas), and in the form of a premium to the auction price. The use of biomethane will partially reduce dependence on imported fossil fuels, being also an important element in the decarbonization of sectors using natural gas, replacing up to 0.76 billion m3 of the latter in 2040, which is in line with the global leading decarbonization trends.
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Galyna, Trypolska. "Prospects of state support of the development of the biomethane industry in Ukraine until 2040." Economy and forecasting 2021, no. 2 (August 30, 2021): 110–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/econforecast2021.02.110.
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The paper considers the prospects for the state support for the development of biomethane industry in Ukraine from 2025 to 2040. The main financial incentives for the use of biomass-derived energy are a special tariff for heat from sources other than natural gas, and a feed-in tariff (the auction price in the future). In the EU, biomethane production is gaining ground due to available financial incentives (premiums to the cost of natural gas, and feed-in premiums). The main obstacle to the large-scale spread of biogas (and, accordingly, biomethane) is the high cost of equipment. The amounts of state support for biogas production with its purification to biomethane and supply of the latter to the gas transmission and gas distribution networks under the conditions of biomethane production in the amounts provided by the draft Roadmap for Bioenergy Development in Ukraine until 2050 were assessed. While maintaining the price of natural gas at 2021 prices (EUR 0.24/m3), the need to subsidize biomethane production from 2025 to 2040 can reach EUR 0.263-3.5 billion, on average EUR 16.5-217 million per year. Infrastructure expenditures were not taken into account in the assessment. The possibility of electricity output from biomethane was not considered, as biogas refining to the quality of biomethane requires additional funds. The statutory auction price may be sufficient only for certain types of feedstock and for large biogas plants. The use of biomethane may be appropriate in the transport sector, as biomethane is an "advanced biofuel", and Ukraine already has a relatively extensive network of methane filling stations. Biomethane production in Ukraine will require state support, particularly in the form of direct subsidies to biomethane producers (in the form of premium to the price of natural gas), and in the form of a premium to the auction price. The use of biomethane will partially reduce dependence on imported fossil fuels, being also an important element in the decarbonization of sectors using natural gas, replacing up to 0.76 billion m3 of the latter in 2040, which is in line with the global leading decarbonization trends.
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Suslov, D. "THEORETICAL SUBSTANTIATION OF THE USE OF BIOMETHANE IN GAS SUPPLY SYSTEMS." Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after. V. G. Shukhov 6, no. 11 (August 18, 2021): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.34031/2071-7318-2021-6-11-49-57.
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The work is devoted to the urgent problem of using an alternative energy source of biomethane for gas supply to settlements. The effective use of biomethane in gas supply systems requires scientific substantiation, considering the entire range of technological parameters and operating conditions. The methods of graphs and parametric optimization are used to minimize the total reduced costs to the gas supply system to carry out the research. Based on the analysis of gas consumption by the municipal districts of the Belgorod region, a graphical dependence is built and an expression is obtained to determine the annual gas consumption by the population on the population size. The calculation of the mass of organic waste and the density of substrate formation is made, on the basis of which the potential for biomethane production in the municipal districts of the Belgorod region is determined. It has been established that the potential volume of biomethane in the Belgorod region is 633194 thousand m3 / year, or 11% of the total gas consumption. A diagram of the location of biomethane plants and gas pipelines for supplying biomethane to gas networks has been built. The optimal values of the technological parameters of the biomethane gas supply system have been established: the operating range of the biomethane plant depending on the substrate formation density, the length of the gas network for biomethane supply, depending on the gas consumption density.
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Sulewski, Piotr, Wiktor Ignaciuk, Magdalena Szymańska, and Adam Wąs. "Development of the Biomethane Market in Europe." Energies 16, no. 4 (February 17, 2023): 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16042001.
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The challenges related to climate policy and the energy crisis caused the search for alternative ways of obtaining energy, one of the essential tasks faced by scientists and political decision-makers. Recently, much attention has been paid to biomethane, which is perceived as a substitute for natural gas. Compared to the traditional combustion of biogas in cogeneration units (CHP), upgrading it to the form of biomethane can bring both environmental benefits (reduction in GHG emissions) and economic benefits (higher efficiency of energy use contained in biomass). The purpose of this review was a comprehensive assessment of the conditions and opportunities for developing the biomethane sector in the EU in the face of challenges generated by the energy and climate crisis. The article reviews the condition of the biomethane market in the European Union, focusing on such issues as biomethane production technologies, current and future supply and demand for biomethane, and biomethane production costs with particular emphasis on upgrading processes and financial support systems used in the EU countries. The review showed that the market situation in biomethane production has recently begun to change rapidly. However, the share of biomethane in meeting the needs for natural gas remains small. Moreover, the available expert studies indicate a significant development potential, which is desirable because of the need to increase energy security and environmental and economic reasons. However, this will require organizing the legal environment and creating a transparent system of incentives.
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Суслов, Д. Ю. "Economic and Mathematical Model of a Gas Supply System Based on Biomethane." НАУЧНЫЙ ЖУРНАЛ СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВА И АРХИТЕКТУРЫ, no. 2(66) (June 24, 2022): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.36622/vstu.2022.66.2.005.
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Постановка задачи. Перспективным направлением развития систем газоснабжения является использование альтернативного источника энергии - биометана. Использование биометана в централизованных системах газоснабжения требует разработки научно обоснованных методов их расчета и проектирования. Результаты. Разработана экономико-математическая модель системы газоснабжения на основе биометана, учитывающая затраты на биометановую установку, транспортировку субстрата, газопроводы биометана и станцию подачи. Получены выражения для определения удельных капитальных затрат на строительство и эксплуатационных расходов на биогазовые установки, станции очистки биогаза и подачи биометана в системы газоснабжения. Выводы. Установлено, что применение биометановых установок на территории Вейделевского района Белгородской области позволяет получить 5 474 481 м/год биометана с содержанием метана 98 %, что составляет 18,7 % от общего газопотребления района. При этом оптимальная длина газопровода для подачи биометана составляет 9 208 м, а оптимальный радиус действия биометановой установки - 20 781 м. Statement of the problem. A promising direction in the development of gas supply systems is the use of an alternative energy source - biomethane. The use of biomethane in centralized gas supply systems requires the development of scientifically based methods for their calculation and design. Results. An economic and mathematical model of a gas supply system based on biomethane has been developed, taking into account the costs of a biomethane plant, substrate transportation, biomethane gas pipelines and a feed station. Expressions are obtained for determining the specific capital costs for construction and operating costs for biogas plants, biogas purification plants and biomethane supply to gas supply systems. Conclusions. It has been established that the use of biomethane plants on the territory of the Veidelevsky district of the Belgorod region makes it possible to obtain 5,474,481 m / year of biomethane with a methane content of 98%, which is 18.7% of the total gas consumption of the district. At the same time, the optimal length of the gas pipeline for supplying biomethane is 9 208 m, and the optimal range of the biomethane plant is 20 781 m.
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Suslov, D. Yu. "Determination of the optimal technological parameters of the biomethane gas supply system." Вестник гражданских инженеров 19, no. 1 (2022): 92–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.23968/1999-5571-2022-19-1-92-100.
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The paper presents the results of the study of the biomethane gas supply system for the conditions of the Belgorod region, for which there have been developed theoretical provisions and calculation of the optimal technological parameters has been performed. There has been developed a mathematical model for optimizing the biomethane gas supply system, taking into account a complex of technological, technical, and economic factors. An analytical expression has been obtained to determine the optimal range of action of the biomethane plant depending on the density of substrate formation. The optimal values of the radius of action of the biomethane plant and the length of the gas network for supplying biomethane to the gas supply system have been specified.