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Dotti, Alessandro. "Ottimizzazione del processo di produzione di protesi biomimetiche per cranioplastica." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/8630/.
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Le protesi biomimetiche hanno subito negli anni innumerevoli cambiamenti dovuti al miglioramento tecnologico, che ha portato allo sviluppo di nuovi materiali sempre più biomimetici. L’utilizzo di protesi in idrossiapatite personalizzate rappresenta la scelta migliore per gli interventi di cranioplastica ricostruttiva. Ad oggi la produzione di questo dispositivo richiede lunghe fasi di lavorazione. Risulta pertanto di grande interesse trovare soluzioni innovative che permettano l’ottimizzazione dei tempi garantendo al contempo l’efficacia clinica. L’obiettivo di questo elaborato è introdurre l’utilizzo delle microonde per essiccare il semilavorato nelle fasi iniziali di produzione. Bisogna comprendere quali siano i parametri in grado di influenzare le proprietà finali del dispositivo e come modularli per guidare questi attributi verso il punto di ottimo.
Si è deciso di utilizzare la tecnica del Design of Experiments a fattoriale completo come metodo per ottimizzare il processo produttivo. I fattori scelti sono stati la potenza del forno a microonde, il peso della cellulosa secca, il range di peso della matrice di cellulosa e la percentuale di essiccamento del semilavorato. Al termine dello studio è stato possibile capire come e quanto questi fattori abbiano influenzato la severità dei difetti, la porosità e le proprietà meccaniche (tensione ultima di compressione e lavoro a rottura) del prodotto finito.
Lo studio ha mostrato che per garantire un basso numero di difetti associato ad una porosità in linea con le specifiche di prodotto è indicato impostare la potenza del forno a microonde sul valore di 250W e di utilizzare questo processo nella fase iniziale per essiccare al 20% i semilavorati. La conferma è stata fornita da una sperimentazione eseguita su protesi allineate ad un caso clinico reale utilizzando questo nuovo processo permettendo di ottenere un ottimo risultato in termini di qualità del prodotto finito con una bassa percentuale di scarto per difetti e porosità.
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Fotia, Caterina <1979>. "Superfici biomimetiche per impianti ossei: adesione cellulare e attivazione del differenziamento osteogenico." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/3774/.
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Petrie, Timothy Andrew. "Biomimetic integrin-specific surface to direct osteoblastic function and tissue healing." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29628.
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Thesis (Ph.D)--Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010.Committee Chair: Andres Garcia; Committee Member: Andrew Lyon; Committee Member: Barbara Boyan; Committee Member: Johnna Temenoff; Committee Member: Todd McDevitt. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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McConney, Michael Edward. "Learning and applying material-based sensing lessons from nature." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29749.
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Thesis (Ph.D)--Polymer, Textile and Fiber Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010.Committee Chair: Tsukruk, Vladimir; Committee Member: Shofner, Meisha; Committee Member: Srinivasarao, Mohan; Committee Member: Thio, Yonathan; Committee Member: Weissburg, Marc. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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Fayemi, Pierre-Emmanuel. "Innovation par la conception bio-inspirée : proposition d'un modèle structurant les méthodes biomimétiques et formalisation d'un outil de transfert de connaissances." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENAM0062/document.
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La bio-inspiration applique des principes et des stratégies issus de systèmes biologiques afin de faciliter la conception technologique. Doté d’un fort potentiel pour l’Innovation, la biomimétique, son pendant méthodologique, est en passe d’évoluer vers un processus clé pour les entreprises. Un certain nombre de freins demeurent cependant à lever afin que la conception bio-inspirée s’apparente à une démarche robuste et répétable. Les travaux réalisés abordent cette diffusion de la conception bio-inspirée selon deux axes distincts. Ils s’efforcent tout d’abord d’harmoniser champs conceptuels relatifs à la bio-inspiration et modèles de processus biomimétiques, en vue de rendre possible l’évaluation des outils supportant cette démarche de conception. Cette évaluation méthodologique, couverte selon l’angle objectif et subjectif, aboutit à la formalisation d’un modèle structurant, un arbre de classification, à même de guider les concepteurs biomimétiques à travers le processus biomimétique. En parallèle de l’établissement de ce cadre de référence méthodologique, les travaux s’évertuent à explorer un autre verrou inhérent à la démarche : l’interaction entre biologie et ingénierie. Les travaux tendent ainsi, par le développement d’un outil, à réduire l’une des barrières d’entrée de ce type d’approche, en proposant un modèle décrivant fonctionnellement les systèmes biologiques sans prérequis d’expertise biologique. La concaténation de ces réalisations aborde directement l’enjeu principal de ce champs disciplinaire : son essor par la dissémination de son application à l’innovation industrielle, en vue de favoriser l’émergence de « produits biomimétiques » au détriment des « accidents bio-inspirées »Biomimetics applies principles and strategies which stem from biological systems in order to facilitate technological design. Providing a high innovation potential, biomimetics could become a key process for various business. However, there are still a few challenges to overcome in order for the bioinspired design to become a sustainable approach. The work which has been carried out addresses this bioinspired design diffusion with two distinct focuses. First of all, they tend to standardize conceptual fields for bio-inspiration and biomimetic process models to enable the evaluation of tools supporting said design process. This methodological assessment, addressed from an objective and subjective point of view, results in the formalization of a structuring model, a classification tree which guides designers through the biomimetic process. Alongside the development of this methodological reference framework establishment, the work tends to overcome another obstacle of the bioinspired design implementation which is the interaction between biology and engineering. By developing a specific tool, the research studies offer a model which functionally describes biological systems without biological expertise prerequisites. The concatenation of these accomplishments addresses the main issue of these disciplinary fields: its development through the dissemination of its application to industrial innovation, in order to encourage the emergence of “biomimetic products” at the expense of “bio-inspired accidents”
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Santos, Wilney de Jesus Rodrigues. "Nanoreatores biomimeticos a peroxidase baseados em MIP : uma estrategia promissora para determinação de compostos fenolicos." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/248404.
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Orientador: Lauro Tatsuo KubotaTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T02:29:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Santos_WilneydeJesusRodrigues_D.pdf: 6401846 bytes, checksum: 72d1c8253a6ec5d1d17792b0bd34ca39 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009
Resumo: O presente trabalho descreve as aplicações de nanoreatores biomiméticos à peroxidase baseados em MIP ("Molecularly Imprinted Polymers") como uma ferramenta promissora para determinação de substâncias de grande interesse biológico e ambiental, tais como os compostos fenólicos (4-aminofenol e serotonina). Neste sentido, a síntese dos MIPs foi baseada na polimerização convencional em "bulk". Cada polímero foi sintetizado a partir do ácido metacrílico (monômero funcional), etileno glicoldimetilacrilato (reagente de ligação cruzada), 2¿2-azo-bis-isobutironitrila (iniciador radicalar), em presença de Fe(III)protoporfrina(IX) (hemina) como centro catalítico, o qual é responsável pela mimetização do sítio ativo da peroxidase, criando portanto, um polímero com impressão molecular cataliticamente ativo para o reconhecimento do 4-aminofenol e serotonina (moléculas molde). Além disso, a fim de avaliar a seletividade do material, foram preparados, paralelamente, polímeros sem a impressão molecular (NIP Non Imprinted Polymers) e também na ausência de hemina. Os MIPs foram caracterizados pelas técnicas de espectroscopia no infravermelho, área superficial específica, volume específico dos poros, análise termogravimétrica, microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Parâmetros cinéticos, incluindo valores de velocidade máxima, Vmax e constante aparente de Michaelis¿Menten, Km foram obtidas pelo gráfico de Lineweaver-Burk. Para aplicação analítica, em amostras de água e soro sanguíneo, sistemas amperométricos foram otimizados através de análise multivariada
Abstract: The present work describes the applications of biomimetic nanoreactor to the based peroxidase in molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) as a promising tool for determination of substances of high biological and environmental interest, such as phenolic compounds (4-aminophenol and serotonin). In this sense, the synthesis of MIPs was based on the conventional polymerization in bulk. Each polymer was synthesized from methacrylic acid (functional monomer), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (cross-linking reagent), 2,2'-azobis-isobutyronitrile (initiator), in the presence of Fe(III)protoporphyrin(IX) (hemin) as a catalytic center, which is responsible for the mimic of the active site of peroxidase, creating therefore, a molecularly imprinted polymer active catalytically for the recognition of the 4-aminophenol and serotonin (template molecules). Furthermore, in order to evaluate the selectivity of the material, were prepared, parallel, polymers without the molecular impression (NIP - Non imprinted polymers) and also in the hemin absence. The MIPs were characterized by the techniques of infrared spectroscopy, specific surface area, specific pore volume, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy. Kinetic parameters, including values for maximum rate, Vmax and Michaelis-Menten apparent constant, Km were obtained from Lineweaver-Burk plots. For analytical application, in samples of water and blood serum, amperometric systems were optimized through multivariate analysis
Doutorado
Quimica Analitica
Doutor em Ciências
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Evans, Richard. "Carbohydrate biomimetics." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.534195.
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Leumann, Christian Leumann Christian Leumann Christian Leumann Christian. "Biomimetische C-Methylierungsreaktionen an Corphinderivaten /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1986. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=8064.
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Ackermann, Jens. "Biomimetische Oxidationsreaktionen mit zweikernigen Kupferpyrazolatkomplexen." Doctoral thesis, [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=970744013.
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Fazio, Oliver. "Biomimetische Oxidationskatalysatoren Sauerstoffaktivierung durch Metallkomplexe /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2001. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=963920065.
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Gramsch, Torsten. "Kaskadierte Aktoren als biomimetische Antriebselemente." Ilmenau : Univ.-Verl, 2006. http://d-nb.info/997486805/34.
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Lee, J. "Biomimetic synthesis." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381083.
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Green, Stuart P. "Biomimetic radical reactions." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357914.
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Walkington, Andrew J. "Biomimetic radical cyclisations." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.280293.
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Blair, Johanna Wendy. "Zeolite biomimetic catalysts." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388460.
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Burton, S. J. "Biomimetic anthraquinone dyes." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383771.
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Fenci, G. E. "Biomimetic deployable structures." Thesis, University of Salford, 2018. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/47185/.
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Modern architectural designs aim at creating dynamic and flexible spaces, able to adapt to the ever-changing environment by virtue of temporary and convertible structures. Biomimetics is the applied science that, through the imitation of nature, finds the solution to human problems. By observing motions that occur in nature, for example, the blooming of a flower or the unfolding of wings, inspiration can be drawn for the design of deployable structures with applications ranging from aerospace engineering through to disaster relief shelters. Analysis of deployable structures has proven to be challenging due to the non-linear behaviour and continuously changing geometry. This research project aims to propose a design process, which will enable the analysis of deployable structures with multiple degrees of freedom and their deployment sequences, along with allowing for optimisation of design parameters, such as material use or deployment energy required. The optimisation methodology involves the synthesis of a deployable system into a parametric geometry the configuration of which is determined by a series of variable parameters representing the degrees of freedom. Through the application of engineering judgement to set up the optimisation criteria it is possible to optimise the way in which the degrees of freedom vary relatively to one another in the process of reaching the full deployed configuration by generating the least amount of stress, force or displacement in the structural elements. At the same time, a classification of existing deployable structures will bring clarity and order to the variety and diversity existing within this research area. By critically appraising previously published reviews and classifications of deployable structures, the lack of an organic and comprehensive study became evident. This review brought to the proposal of a new classification table based on overcoming the shortcomings observed during the reviewing process with the purpose of aiding a better understanding of such a vast and complex subject and offering a common classifying order for future work to be based on.
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Gladman, Amelia Sydney. "Biomimetic 4D Printing." Thesis, Harvard University, 2016. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33493522.
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Advances in the design of adaptive matter capable of programmable, environmentally-responsive changes in shape would enable myriad applications including smart textiles, scaffolds for tissue engineering, and smart machines. 4D printing is an emerging approach in which 3D objects are produced whose shape changes over time. Initial demonstrations have relied on commercial 3D printers and proprietary materials, which limits both the tunability and mechanisms that can be incorporated into the printed architectures.
My Ph.D. thesis focuses on a new 4D printing method, which is inspired by the movements or natural plants. Specifically, we encode swelling and elastic anisotropy in printed hydrogel composites through the alignment of stiff cellulose fibrils on-the-fly during printing. Filler alignment parallel to the print path leads to enhanced stiffness in that direction; hence, upon immersion in water, the printed filaments expand preferentially in the direction orthogonal to the printing path. When structures are patterned with broken-symmetry, i.e., as bilayers, their anisotropic swelling leads to programmable out-of-plane deformation, determined by the orientation of printed filaments. We have demonstrated complex changes in curvature including bending, twisting, ruffling, conical defects, and more, all using a single hydrogel-based ink printed in a single step. We have demonstrated the ability to precisely control curvature by varying the actual and the effective thickness, the latter of which is governed by the interfilament spacing within the printed architectures. With collaborators, a model has been developed for solving both the forward and inverse design problems, based on an adaptation of the classic Timoshenko bending theory, allowing us to create nearly arbitrary structures.
Our filled hydrogel ink is modular, allowing a broad range of hydrogel chemistries and anisotropic filler compositions to be explored. For example, both reversible and non-reversible hydrogels were explored; namely poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAm) and poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) (PDMAm), respectively. Additionally, light-absorbing carbon microfibers were incorporated to demonstrate reversible, multi-stimuli responsive 4D printing. In this case, reversible shape changes were encoded via 4D printing and then triggered either by heating PNIPAm or illuminating the printed architectures with a near IR laser.
In summary, this biomimetic 4D printing platform enables the design and fabrication of complex, reversible shape changing architectures printed with one composite hydrogel ink in a single step. These biocompatible shape-shifting architectures with interesting mechanical and photothermal properties may find applications in smart textiles, tissue microgrippers or scaffolds, or as actuators and sensors in soft machines.Engineering and Applied Sciences - Engineering Sciences
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Blakeston, Anita Catherine. "Biomimetic lipid bilayers." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/11531/.
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The aims of the collaboration project, of which this project plays a key part, are to establish a new field of “low-dimensional chemistry” in order to synthesize manipulate and characterise the components of the photosynthetic system of Rhodobacter Sphaeroides. At a fundamental level, the physical processes involved in membrane biochemistry are to be investigated. Specifically, the environment in which the light harvesting components are found, their structure and function, including proton gradient formation, diffusion mechanisms, electron transport and the molecular association between them were to be studied. “The ultimate goal of the collaboration project was the reconstruction, on a chip in a synthetic low-dimensional system, of the complete photosynthetic pathway of the bacterium Rhodobacter Sphaeroides.” The creation of a homogeneous, fluid, polymer supported lipid bilayer to contain and maintain the integrity of these proteins, whilst under investigation, was a key part of the project. To create this successful system many polymer brush supports were examined, which were anionic, cationic and zwitterionic polyelectrolytes. Some were pH responsive and some were fully charged and did not change with pH. The properties of a range of lipid vesicles were studied using DLS, so that the zeta potential of the liposomes could be measured and then tuned specifically to be attracted to the oppositely charged polymer brush surfaces. It was found that at very low charge (a zwitterionic lipid vesicle or surface) no vesicles were attracted. At very high charge (a highly cationic or anionic polymer or lipid vesicle) vesicles were attracted to the surface, but remained intact and did not fuse to form a bilayer. These highly charged combinations of surfaces and vesicles created an intriguing “de-quenching halo” effect, which is worthy of further investigation. At a specific point of low to mid-charge interaction a fluid bilayer was formed on a brush which had a surface of low charge and was interacting with a charged vesicle. The successful polymer brush support was created using a short novel amino acid polycysteine methacrylate brush, which is pH responsive and can be micro-patterned. The vesicles used were composed of 25 mol % DOTAP, a cationic lipid, in combination with a zwitterionic POPC lipid. The diffusion coefficient of the bilayer deposited on the brush was measured using FRAP and found to match the rates measured for lipid bilayers on glass, which is considered to be the “standard” for comparison. The mobile fractions also compared very well to this standard. AFM scans showed a homogeneous surface and break-through force measurement confirmed a bilayer of 5 nm in thickness, as expected for a single bilayer. Attempts were subsequently made to incorporate proteins into this system by a number of methods, including creating proteoliposomes containing light harvesting components from the Rhodobacter Sphaeroides. The most promising of these was the development of a “one-step detergent depletion method” for creating a solubilised bilayer, adding protein and rinsing away the detergent in a single experiment. The characterisation of the system by TIRF, dark field and AFM microscopy was indicating success and paves the way for future work. In testing the polymer brushes as candidates for supporting a lipid bilayer, one with the potential to be used to create compartments in a corral for segregating the individual protein components of a light harvesting bacterium was also confirmed. This protein and lipid resistant Poly(2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl phosphorylcholine), will facilitate the study of their function, by micro-patterning. In conjunction with the PCysMA this system has the potential be used to create corrals between these compartments which allow the free movement of ions between the proteins. The long term goal is to generate energy following light absorption by the proteins. The project is truly multidisciplinary and has presented the opportunity for collaboration between researchers in the disciplines of physics, chemistry and biology. The work presented here combines knowledge of membrane biophysics with polymer chemistry, and protein biochemistry.
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Frey, Carolin Elisabeth [Verfasser], and Philipp [Akademischer Betreuer] Kurz. "Manganoxide als biomimetische Katalysatoren für die Wasseroxidation." Freiburg : Universität, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1122593619/34.
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Haase, Nicholas Rudy. "The development, characterization, and application of a biomimetic method of enzyme immobilization." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45802.
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This dissertation describes the characterization of layer-by-layer silica and titania coatings deposited using a protamine-induced method. It was found that silica coatings were thinner and more porous than titania coatings. These coatings were functionalized by immobilizing modified Glucose oxidase during the layer-by-layer buildup. The enzyme was found to retain higher activity in silica versus titania, with full retention of activity observed in one configuration. Immobilization in both materials resulted in enhanced thermal stability and proteolytic protection. The enzyme-functionalized coatings were then modified by the immobilization of silver nanoparticles to the exterior, and this biological/inorganic composite was tested for its antimicrobial activity against E. coli and S. aureus. Against E. coli the composite worked in a synergistic fashion, showing more potent antimicrobial activity when compared to either agent used alone. The enzyme modification method was then extended to Laccase, which was immobilized to carbon nanotubes and characterized as a biocathode. Modified laccase returned a nearly two-fold higher current density versus the native enzyme. Finally, synthetic peptides were tested for their ability to adsorb to silica and titanium-oxide surfaces and subsequently deposit titanium-oxide coatings, in an effort to better understand the structure-function relationships of mineralizing peptides.
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Kim, Doyeon. "Electrochemically controllable biomimetic actuator." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2006. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3239874.
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McLoughlin, Sheila Bridget. "A biomimetic nicotinamide coenzyme." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.259768.
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Biela, Anna. "Biomimetic sensors for HbA1c." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2010. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/6275.
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Diabetes mellitus is a growing health problem worldwide. Suitable long-term control and management of this disease are enabled by determination of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) in blood. The results are given as %HbA1c of total haemoglobin. Presently available tests vary in cost and convenience and there is an identified need to introduce improved equipment for self-monitoring. This dissertation focuses on fast and straightforward detection of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) using cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. Haemoglobin was determined by monitoring its reaction with potassium ferricyanide on screen printed electrodes at an oxidative potential +500 mV. A working electrode was modified with carbon nanotubes to enhance electron transfer. A calibration curve was linear in a range from 0.83 to 83 mg/mL. Another innovative approach to detecting haemoglobin using its enzymatic activity was also developed. Detection of haemoglobin was performed with hydroquinone and hydrogen peroxide on screen printed electrodes at a potential -400 mV in a Flow Injection Analysis system (FIA). Cont/d.
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Cardno, Marianne. "Biomimetic synthesis of lantibiotics." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242733.
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Burrage, Sarah Anne. "Biomimetic synthesis of subtilin." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264831.
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Walker, J. J. "Biomimetic copper oxygenation systems." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372276.
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Daulton, Emma. "Biomimetic floating lipid membranes." Thesis, University of Bath, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.675722.
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Finnemore, Alexander. "On biomimetic nanostructured materials." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610543.
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Smith, Douglas R. G. "Routes toward biomimetic polysiloxanes." Thesis, University of Bath, 2007. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.528355.
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Jin, Hong-Guang. "Biomimetic self-assembling phthalocyanines." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4338.
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Cette thèse vise principalement à décorer des phtalocyanines avec des groupes de reconnaissance supramoléculaires pour induire leur auto-assemblage pour la première fois avec ces chromophores robustes imitant les bactériochlorophylles chlorosomales naturelles. D’autre part, cette thèse est également dédiée à la méthodologie de synthèse des complexes à trois étages avec des lanthanides complexant des porphyrines et phtalocyanines encombrantes.La première partie présente quelques concepts de base et des exemples segéstifs dans la biomimétique et l’auto-assemblage moléculaire. Les auto-assemblages biomimétiques des bactériochlorophylle c, d, e ont été examinés suivie par la synthèse, la séparation des régioisomères des phtalocyanines et des cellules solaires construites avec des phtalocyanines. La deuxième partie présente des travaux originaux sur une série d'antennes pour la coolléction de la lumière, comme les acylphthalocyanines qui font d'auto-assemblage avec des groupes carbonyle comme motifs de reconnaissance, un atome de zinc central et diverses chaînes alkyle de solubilisation. Ces nouveaux composés pourraient s’auto-assembler de la même manière que les bactériochlorophylles naturelles. La troisième partie de cette thèse se concentre sur les propriétés électrochimiques et magnétiques de lanthanides-porphyrine-phtalocyanine complexes sandwich ‘’triple deckers’’ volumineux, synthétisés par une nouvelle méthode sous irradiation avec des micro-ondes. Le site initial de l'oxydation ou de réduction de ce type de molécules à trois étages a d'abord été attribué par la combinaison de la spectroélectrochimie de couche minceThis thesis mainly aims to decorate phthalocyanines with supramolecular recognition groups for inducing their self-assembly for the first time with these robust chromophores mimicking the natural chlorosomal bacteriochlorophylls. Meanwhile, this thesis is also dedicated to the synthetic methodology of bulky lanthanide porphyrin phthalocyanine triple-decker complexes. The first part provides some basic concepts and some delicate examples in biomimetics and molecular self-assembly, then biomimetic bacteriochlorophyll c, d, e self-assembles were simply reviewed, followed by the introduction on the synthesis, regioisomer separation of phthalocyanines and phthalocyanine-sensitized solar cells. The second part presents a series of light-harvesting antennas, namely self-assembling acyphthalocyanines, with carbonyl groups as recognition motifs, a central zinc atom and various solubilizing alkyl chains, which could self-assemble in the same way as the natural bacteriochlorophylls. These assemblies were characterized by UV-Vis, Variable-temperature UV-Vis and 1H-NMR spectra. The third part of this thesis focuses on the electrochemical and magnetic properties of bulky lanthanide porphyrin phthalocyanine triple-decker complexes synthesized by microwave-mediated, therein, the initial site of oxidation/reduction on this type of triple-decker molecules was firstly assigned by combining the thin-layer spectroelectrochemistry and the assignments of the electronic absorption spectra. Furthermore, the different single-molecule magnet behaviors of the corresponding Tb and Dy triple-decker complexes were also studied
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Thummalapalli, Vimal Kumar. "Biomimetic Composite T-Joints." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1323547304.
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Latif, Rhonira. "Microelectromechanical systems for biomimetical application." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7955.
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The application of adaptive micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) device in biologically-inspired cochlear model (cochlear biomodel) has been seen as a preferable approach to mimic closely the human cochlear response. The thesis focuses on the design and fabrication of resonant gate transistor (RGT) device applied towards the development of RGT cochlear biomodel. An array of RGT devices can mimic the cochlea by filtering the sound input signals into multiple electrical outputs. The RGT device consists of two main components; a) the MEMS bridge gate structure that transduces the sound input into mechanical vibrations and b) the channel with source/drain regions underneath the bridge gate structure that transduce the mechanical vibrations into electrical signals. The created mathematical model for RGT calculates the electrical outputs that are suited for neural spike coding. The neuromorphic auditory system is proposed by integrating the RGT devices with the spike event interface circuits. The novelty of the system lies in the adaptive characteristics of the RGT devices that can self-tune the frequency and sensitivity using the feedback control signals from the neuromorphic circuits. The bridge gates have been designed to cover the audible frequency range signals of 20 Hz - 20 kHz. Aluminium and tantalum have been studied as the material for the bridge gate structure. The fabrication of a bridge gate requires a gentle etch release technique to release the structure from a sacrificial layer. The downstream etch release technique employing oxygen/nitrogen plasma has been introduced and characterised. In the first iteration, aluminium bridge gates have been fabricated. The presence of tensile stress within aluminium had caused the aluminium bridge gates of length >1mm to collapse. In order to address this issue, tantalum bridge gates have been fabricated in the second iteration. Straight tantalum bridge gates in tensile stress and buckled tantalum bridge gates in compressive stress have been characterised. The frequency range of 550 Hz - 29.4 kHz has been achieved from the fabricated tantalum bridge gates of length 0.57mm - 5.8mm. The channel and source/drain regions have been fabricated and integrated with the aluminium or tantalum bridge gate structures to create the RGTs. In this study, the n-channel and p-channel resonant gate transistor (n-RGT and p-RGT) have been considered. In n-RGT, phosphorus ions are implanted to form the source/drain regions. High subthreshold currents have been measured from the n-RGTs. Thus, p- RGTs have been employed with considerably small subthreshold current. In p-RGT, boron ions are implanted to form the source/drain regions. The threshold voltage, transconductance and subthreshold current for both n-channel and p-channel resonant gate transistor devices have been characterised. In this work, the channel conductance of the n-RGT and p-RGT devices has been modulated successfully and the sensitivity tuning within the audible frequency range has been achieved from the tantalum bridge gates of the p-RGT devices. The characterisation and optimisation of the resonant gate transistor provide the first step towards the development of the adaptive RGT cochlear biomodel for the neuromorphic auditory system application.
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Uvieghara, Mathias N. "Paper-based Biochemical and Chemical Amplification Techniques for Bio-detection." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2007. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/UviegharaMN2007.pdf.
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Li, Xuehe. "Self-assembly, Templation and biomimetics." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2002. http://louisdl.louislibraries.org/u?/NOD,25.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of New Orleans, 2002.Title from electronic submission form. Vita. "A dissertation ... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Chemistry"--Dissertation t.p. Includes bibliographical references.
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Gong, Jiachang. "Biomimetics and host-guest chemistry." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2004. http://louisdl.louislibraries.org/u?/NOD,186.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of New Orleans, 2004.Title from electronic submission form. "A dissertation ... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Chemistry."--Dissertation t.p. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Devescovi, Valentina <1975>. "Biomimetica per l'ingegneria tissutale dell'osso." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2008. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/705/.
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Reconstruction of bone is needed for high bone loss due to congenital deformities,
trauma or neoplastic diseases. Commonly, orthopaedic surgical treatments are
autologus or allogenic bone implant or prosthetic implant. A choice to the traditional
approaches could be represented by tissue engineering that use cells (and/or their
products) and innovative biomaterials to perform bone substitutes biologically active
as an alternative to artificial devices. In the last years, there was a wide improvement
in biology on stem cells potential research and in biomedical engineering through
development of new biomaterials designed to resemble the physiological tissues.
Tissue engineering strategies and smart materials aim together to stimulate in vivo
bone regeneration. This approaches drive at restore not only structure integrity and/or
function of the original tissue, but also to induce new tissue deposition in situ. An
intelligent bone substitute is now designed like not only a scaffold but also as carrier
of regeneration biomolecular signals. Biomimetics has helped to project new tissue
engineered devices to simulate the physiological substrates architecture, such
extracellular matrix (ECM), and molecular signals that drive the integration at the
interface between pre-existing tissue and scaffold. Biomimetic strategies want to
increase the material surface biological activity with physical modifications
(topography) o chemical ones (adhesive peptides), to improve cell adhesion to
material surface and possibly scaffold colonization.
This study evaluated the effects of biomimetic modifications of surgical materials
surface, as poly-caprolattone (PCL) and titanium on bone stem cells behaviour in a
marrow experimental model in vitro. Two biomimetic strategies were analyzed; ione
beam irradiation, that changes the surface roughness at the nanoscale, and surface
functionalization with specific adhesive peptides or Self Assembled Monolayers
(SAMs). These new concept could be a mean to improve the early (cell adhesion,
spreading..) and late phases (osteoblast differentiation) of cell/substrate interactions.
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Gramsch, Torsten [Verfasser]. "Kaskadierte Aktoren als biomimetische Antriebselemente / von Torsten Gramsch." Ilmenau : Univ.-Verl, 2006. http://d-nb.info/997486805/34.
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Smolinka, Kai. "Biomimetische Studien an Arzneistoffen mit Benzilsäure- oder Estrogenstruktur." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=962717878.
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Horstmann, Sandra. "Streng biomimetische Modellsysteme für die Biomineralisation von Siliciumdioxid." kostenfrei, 2006. http://www.digibib.tu-bs.de/?docid=00004674.
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Franzmann, Elisa [Verfasser]. "Biomimetische Strategien zur Funktionalisierung von Metalloberflächen / Elisa Franzmann." Gießen : Universitätsbibliothek, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1065320299/34.
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Smolinka, Kai. "Biomimetische Studien an Arzneistoffen mit Benzilsäure- oder Estrogenstruktur." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/14638.
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In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden chemische Modellsysteme zur Erarbeitung möglicher Metabolisierungswege für neue, als potentielle Antiparkinsonmittel entwickelte Benzilsäurederivate angewendet und die Anwendbarkeit solcher Systeme zur Modellierung der Biotransformation von Estrogenderivaten getestet. Die biomimetischen Umsetzungen wurden im wässrigen und nichtwässrigen Milieu mit Mangan- und Eisenporphyrinen als Katalysatoren, mit einer Stickstoffbase, in der Regel Imidazol, als Co-Katalysator und mit Wasserstoffperoxid, Iodosylbenzen oder tert-Butylhydroperoxid als Sauerstoffquelle durchgeführt. Als Substrate wurden die N-Methyl-4- und -3-piperidinylester der 3,4- und der 3,3´-Dimethoxybenzilsäure (1, 2, 3) und Denaverin (4) ausgewählt. Als Modellsubstrat mit Estrogenstruktur wurde Estronmethylether (5), sowie in weiteren Versuchen Ethinylestradiol und Mestranol (6, 7) umgesetzt. Die biomimetischen Umsetzungen der Estrogenderivate waren trotz zahlreicher Variationen des Modellsystems nicht erfolgreich. Als Reaktionsprodukt wurde lediglich 6-Oxoestron-methylether isoliert. Hauptumsetzungsprodukte der Benzilsäurederivate sind die N-Formylverbindungen, die N-Oxide, die N-Desmethylderivate, die freien Säuren und die entsprechenden Benzophenone. Ihre Strukturen wurden massenspektrometrisch und kernresonanzspektroskopisch abgesichert. Die zugrundeliegenden Funktionalisierungsreaktionen sind die N-Dealkylierung, N- und C-Oxidation, Esterspaltung und Decarboxylierung. Aromatischen Oxygenierung und O-Dealkylierung wurden nicht oder in sehr geringem Umfang beobachtet. Denaverin unterliegt weiterhin der oxidativen Deaminierung. Insgesamt zeigen die Benzilsäureabkömmlinge ein einheitliches biomimetisches Verhalten, welches ein weitgehend übereinstimmendes Metabolitenspektrum erwarten lässt. Für Denaverin wurden zwei neue, potentielle Biotransformationswege aufgezeigt und die entsprechenden Vergleichssubstanzen gewonnen. Für die Esterspaltung von 1 wurde der oxidative Mechanismus nachgewiesen. Die katalytische Aktivität unterschiedlicher Modellsysteme wurde über die Abnahme des Substrates quantifiziert. Maximal 48 % der Ausgangsverbindung wurden im nichtwässrigen und maximal 23 % im wässrigen Milieu biomimetisch umgesetzt.In the present thesis the application of chemical model systems to assess metabolic pathways of new benzilic acid derivatives, developed as potential compounds for anti parkinson drugs, is reported. Furthermore the suitability of such systems to mimic the biotransformation of estrogens was investigated. Biomimetic reactions were performed with a (porphyrin) iron or -manganese as a catalyst, an N-base, mostly imidazol, as a co-catalyst and with hydrogen peroxide, iodosylbenzene or tert-butylhydroperoxide as O-donor in either aqueous or nonaqueous media. The following substrates were chosen: the N-methyl-4- and -3-piperidinyl ester of the 3,4- and 3,3´-dimethoxybenzilic acid (1, 2, 3) and Denaverine (4) for benzilic acid derivatives as well as Estrone methyl ether, Ethinylestradiole and Mestranole for the estrogens. The biomimetic studies with the estrogens remained unsuccessfully despite numerous variations within the chemical model system. Only the 6-Oxoestrone methyl ether could be isolated. The main products generated in the biomimetic reactions with the benzilic acid derivatives were the N-formyl compounds, the N-oxides, the N-demethyl derivatives, the free acids, and the benzophenones. The structure of all compounds was proven by mass-spectroscopic and nuclear magnetic resonance techniques. The biomimetic products correspond to metabolites formed by N-dealkylation, N- and C-oxidation, cleavage of the esther bond, and decarboxylation. Aromatic oxygenation or O-dealkylation of the substrates were not observed or only in trace amounts. For Denaverine a product of oxidative deamination was detected. In general, the benzilic acid derivatives showed the same biomimetic behaviour. Therefore a similiar metabolism for these compounds can be expected. Two new possible metabolites for Denaverine were isolated and can be used in further studies. For the cleveage of the ester bond of 1 an oxidative mechanism could be demonstrated. The catalytic activity of various model systems was determined by measuring the decrease of substrate 1. The maximal decrease was 48 % in the nonaqueous media compared to 23 % in the aqueous media.
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NOIREAUX, VINCENT. "Etude d'un systeme biomimetique de listeria." Paris 11, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA112201.
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L'actine est la proteine la plus abondante des cellules eucaryotes. Cette molecule s'assemble en filaments semi-flexibles qui constituent une partie du cytosquelette. Ces filaments qui polymerisent et depolymerisent rapidement permettent a la cellule de se deplacer et de changer de forme. Un systeme modele pour etudier la motilite cellulaire est la bacterie listeria monocytogenes qui utilise la polymerisation de l'actine pour se deplacer a des vitesses d'environ 0. 1 m/s dans des cellules mammiferes. L'assemblage de l'actine, qui prend la forme d'une comete, est initie par la proteine bacterienne acta ancree a la membrane du parasite. Nous avons mis au point un autre systeme modele ou des particules sont recouvertes de la proteine acta. Avec ce nouveau modele, nous avons etudie quelques proprietes physiques et biochimiques du cytosquelette d'actine. Nous avons effectue des experiences avec un variant de la proteine acta. Nous avons couple cette proteine sur des particules spheriques que nous avons melangees dans des extraits cellulaires. Nous avons observe la formation d'un gel d'actine dont l'epaisseur depend de la taille des billes. Nous proposons par un modele quantitatif que le gel d'actine exerce une contrainte sur la surface des particules. Ce modele peut expliquer l'origine de la force de propulsion de listeria. Nous donnons les resultats obtenus avec deux autres proteines capables de polymeriser l'actine. La proteine gst-pro qui recrute vasp et la proteine gst-wa qui active le complexe arp2/3 et pour laquelle nous avons observe la formation de cometes sur des billes de petites tailles. Nous avons aussi etudie la dynamique de croissance des reseaux d'actine induits par ces differents nucleateurs par video microscopie. Au cours de ce travail nous avons mis au point un systeme pour etudier les proteines du cytosquelette. Il nous a permis de montrer que le complexe gst-pro/vasp est une nouvelle voie de polymerisation de l'actine independante de la voie arp2/3.
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Colombo, Jessica. "Development and characterization of new tools to investigate actin turnover." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AIXM0236.
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La polymérisation de l'actine fournit la force nécessaire à de nombreux processus vitaux de la cellule eucaryote. La réaction de polymérisation est alimentée par des monomères chargés d'ATP, qui sont progressivement hydrolysés dans les filaments d'actine. Les segments des filaments riches en ADP sont progressivement désassemblés. La dynamique rapide du cytosquelette d'actine nécessite également un recyclage des monomères de l'état ADP à l'état ATP. La compréhension sur le recyclage sont pauvres. Nous manquons de sondes adaptées pour suivre l’état du nucléotide lié à l'actine et de systèmes biomimétiques appropriés pour étudier le renouvellement. Pour contourner ces limitations, j'ai procédé dans deux directions différentes mais complémentaires.(1) J'ai identifié des nucléotides fluorescents qui se lie à l'actine avec des caractéristiques similaires à celles de l'ATP: les dérivés de N6-(6-Amino)hexyl-ATP. Ces sondes permettent de suivre l'assemblage de l'actine et l'échange de nucléotides par microscopie et par anisotropie de fluorescence. Les interactions avec les protéines de liaison à l’actine restent fonctionnelles. Ces outils devraient permettre de déterminer les conditions dans lesquelles l'actine est recyclée.(2) J'ai conçu un système confiné: des émulsions d’eau dans l'huile avec des protéines purifiées. J’ai pu reconstituer la formation de cortex d'actine statiques, mais le système peut être implémenté avec des protéines de liaison à l'actine impliquées dans le recyclage.Les deux systèmes devraient être utilisés à l'avenir en synergie afin de déterminer les conditions biochimiques nécessaires pour maintenir un cytosquelette d’actine dynamiqueActin polymerization provides the necessary force for many vital processes in the eukaryotic cell. The polymerization reaction is powered by ATP-charged monomers, which are gradually hydrolyzed within the actin filaments. Segments of the ADP-rich filaments are gradually disassembled. The rapid dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton also requires a recycling of the monomers from the ADP state to the ATP state.Understanding of recycling is poor. We lack suitable probes to monitor the state of the actin-bound nucleotide and appropriate biomimetic systems to study turnover. To circumvent these limitations, I have proceeded in two different but complementary directions.(1) I have identified fluorescent actin-binding nucleotides with characteristics similar to those of ATP: N6-(6-Amino)hexyl-ATP derivatives. These probes allow to follow actin assembly and nucleotide exchange by microscopy and fluorescence anisotropy. Interactions with actin-binding proteins remain functional. These tools should make it possible to determine the conditions under which actin is recycled.(2) I have designed a confined system: water-in-oil emulsions with purified proteins. I was able to reconstruct the formation of static actin cortex, but the system can be implemented with actin-binding proteins involved in recycling.The two systems should be used synergistically in the future to determine the biochemical conditions necessary to maintain a dynamic actin cytoskeleton
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Peltier, Raoul. "Biomimetic modification of crystal growth." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/7150.
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Varpness, Zachary Bradley. "Biomimetic synthesis of catalytic materials." Diss., Montana State University, 2007. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2007/varpness/VarpnessZ0807.pdf.
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Kitagawa, Terutaka Terence. "Biomimetic modeling of superoxide reductase /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/11558.
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Capuccini, Chiara <1979>. "Biomimetic Materials for Biomedical Applications." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2009. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/1447/.
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Objects with complex shape and functions have always attracted attention and interest. The morphological diversity and complexity of naturally occurring forms and patterns have been a motivation for humans to copy and adopt ideas from Nature to achieve functional, aesthetic and social value.
Biomimetics is addressed to the design and development of new synthetic materials using strategies adopted by living organisms to produce biological materials. In particular, biomineralized tissues are often sophisticate composite materials, in which the components and the interfaces between them have been defined and optimized, and that present unusual and optimal chemical-physical, morphological and mechanical properties. Moreover, biominerals are generally produced by easily traceable raw materials, in aqueous media and at room pressure and temperature, that is through cheap process and materials. Thus, it is not surprising that the idea to mimic those strategies proper of Nature has been employed in several areas of applied sciences, such as for the preparation of liquid crystals, ceramic thin films computer switches and many other advanced materials.
On this basis, this PhD thesis is focused on the investigation of the interaction of biologically active ions and molecules with calcium phosphates with the aim to develop new materials for the substitution and repair of skeletal tissue, according to the following lines:
I. Modified calcium phosphates.
A relevant part of this PhD thesis has been addressed to study the interaction of Strontium with calcium phosphates. It was demonstrated that strontium ion can substitute for calcium into hydroxyapatite, causing appreciable structural and morphological modifications. The detailed structural analysis carried out on the nanocrystals at different strontium content provided new insight into its interaction with the structure of hydroxyapatite.
At variance with the behaviour of Sr towards HA, it was found that this ion inhibits the synthesis of octacalcium phosphate. However, it can substitute for calcium in this structure up to 15 atom %, in agreement with the increase of the cell parameters observed on increasing ion concentration. A similar behaviour was found for Magnesium ion, whereas Manganese inhibits the synthesis of octacalcium phosphate and it promotes the precipitation of dicalcium phosphate dehydrate.
It was also found that Strontium affects the kinetics of the reaction of hydrolysis of α-TCP. It inhibits the conversion from α-TCP to hydroxyapatite. However, the resulting apatitic phase contains significant amounts of Sr2+ suggesting that the addition of Sr2+ to the composition of α-TCP bone cements could be successfully exploited for its local delivery in bone defects.
The hydrolysis of α-TCP has been investigated also in the presence of increasing amounts of gelatin: the results indicated that this biopolymer accelerates the hydrolysis reaction and promotes the conversion of α-TCP into OCP, suggesting that its addition in the composition of calcium phosphate cements can be employed to modulate the OCP/HA ratio, and as a consequence the solubility, of the set cement.
II. Deposition of modified calcium phosphates on metallic substrates.
Coating with a thin film of calcium phosphates is frequently applied on the surface of metallic implants in order to combine the high mechanical strength of the metal with the excellent bioactivity of the calcium phosphates surface layers. During this PhD thesis, thank to the collaboration with prof. I.N. Mihailescu, head of the Laser-Surface-Plasma Interactions Laboratory (National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics – Laser Department, Bucharest) Pulsed Laser Deposition has been successfully applied to deposit thin films of Sr substituted HA on Titanium substrates. The synthesized coatings displayed a uniform Sr distribution, a granular surface and a good degree of crystallinity which slightly decreased on increasing Sr content. The results of in vitro tests carried out on osteoblast-like and osteoclast cells suggested that the presence of Sr in HA thin films can enhance the positive effect of HA coatings on osteointegration and bone regeneration, and prevent undesirable bone resorption.
The possibility to introduce an active molecule in the implant site was explored using Matrix Assisted Pulsed Laser Evaporation to deposit hydroxyapatite nanocrystals at different content of alendronate, a bisphosphonate widely employed in the treatments of pathological diseases associated to bone loss. The coatings displayed a good degree of crystallinity, and the results of in vitro tests indicated that alendronate promotes proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts even when incorporated into hydroxyapatite.
III. Synthesis of drug carriers with a delayed release modulated by a calcium phosphate coating.
A core-shell system for modulated drug delivery and release has been developed through optimization of the experimental conditions to cover gelatin microspheres with a uniform layer of calcium phosphate. The kinetics of the release from uncoated and coated microspheres was investigated using aspirin as a model drug. It was shown that the presence of the calcium phosphate shell delays the release of aspirin and allows to modulate its action.
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Alexander, Ian James. "Organoiron approaches to biomimetic cyclisations." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.253556.
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Johnson, Benjamin Robert Grant. "Biomimetic scaffolds for phospholipid bilayers." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.417752.
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