Academic literature on the topic 'Biomining'
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Journal articles on the topic "Biomining"
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Johnson, D. Barrie. "Biomining goes underground." Nature Geoscience 8, no. 3 (February 27, 2015): 165–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2384.
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Sansom, Clare. "Using Bacteria for Biomining." Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 3, no. 4 (May 2005): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3868455.
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Das, A. P., L. B. Sukla, N. Pradhan, and S. Nayak. "Manganese biomining: A review." Bioresource Technology 102, no. 16 (August 2011): 7381–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2011.05.018.
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Kaksonen, Anna H., Naomi J. Boxall, Tsing Bohu, Kayley Usher, Christina Morris, Pan Yu Wong, and Ka Yu Cheng. "Recent Advances in Biomining and Microbial Characterisation." Solid State Phenomena 262 (August 2017): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.262.33.
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Since the discovery of bioleaching microorganisms and their role in metal extraction in the 1940s, a number of technical approaches have been developed to enhance microbially catalysed solubilisation of metals from ores, concentrates and waste materials. Biomining has enabled the transformation of uneconomic resources to reserves, and thus help to alleviate the challenges related to continually declining ore grades. The rapid advancement of microbial characterisation methods has vastly increased our understanding of microbial communities in biomining processes. The objective of this paper is to review the recent advances in biomining processes and microbial characterisation.
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Jerez, C. A. "Chemotactic transduction in biomining microorganisms." Hydrometallurgy 59, no. 2-3 (February 2001): 347–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-386x(00)00177-8.
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Wijewardena, Udeshika, Ian Macreadie, and Anna H. Kaksonen. "Microbes at the extreme: Mining with microbes." Microbiology Australia 33, no. 3 (2012): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma12116.
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The use of microorganisms to recover precious and base metals from mineral ores and concentrates is called biomining, or biohydrometallurgical processing. Biomining occurs through the natural ability of certain microorganisms to catalyse reactions, leading to the solubilisation of metals from the minerals. This process is used today in commercial operations to recover copper, nickel, cobalt, zinc and uranium from complex ores.
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Kundu, K., and A. Kumar. "Biochemical Engineering Parameters for Hydrometallurgical Processes: Steps towards a Deeper Understanding." Journal of Mining 2014 (April 27, 2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/290275.
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Increasing interest in biomining process and the demand for better performance of the process has led to a new insight toward the mining technologies. From an engineering point of view, the complex network of biochemical reactions encompassed in biomining would best be performed in reactors which allow a good control of the significant variables, resulting in a better performance. The subprocesses are in equilibrium when the rate of particular metal ion; for example, iron turnover between the mineral and the bacteria, is balanced. The primary focus is directed towards improved bioprocess kinetics of the first two subprocesses of chemical reaction of the metal ion with the mineral and later bacterial oxidation. These subprocesses are linked by the redox potential and controlled by maintenance of an adequate solids suspension, dilution rate, and uniform mixing which are optimised in bioreactors during mining operations. Rate equations based on redox potential such as ferric/ferrous-iron ratio have been used to describe the kinetics of these subprocesses. This paper reviews the basis of process design for biomining process with emphasis on engineering parameters. It is concluded that the better understanding of these engineering parameters will make biomining processes more robust and further help in establishing it as a promising and economically feasible option over other hydrometallurgical processes worldwide.
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Chen, Bo Wei, Jian Kang Wen, and Guo Cheng Yao. "Acidophiles and its Use in Mineral Biomining with Emphasis on China." Advanced Materials Research 926-930 (May 2014): 4201–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.926-930.4201.
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Acidophiles have been widely used in heap and dump bioleaching of secondary copper sulfide ores and biooxidation of refractory gold ores. 22 genera of acidophiles have been found in biomining environments. This paper gives a preliminary introduction to the application of mineral biomining in China. Challenges and technical trends for heap bioleaching of primary copper sulfide ores, purification of bioleaching solution of polymetallic sulfide ores and biooxidation of carbonaceous refractory gold ores are also recommended.
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BARRIE JOHNSON, DAVID. "Biomining: an Established and Dynamic Biotechnology." Microbiology Indonesia 6, no. 4 (December 2012): 189–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5454/mi.6.4.7.
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Zammit, Carla M., L. A. Mutch, Helen R. Watling, and Elizabeth L. J. Watkin. "Nucleic Aacid Extraction from Biomining Microorganisms." Advanced Materials Research 71-73 (May 2009): 159–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.71-73.159.
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Various methods of nucleic acid (NA) extraction were investigated with the aim of developing a quantitative method of NA extraction from five representative strains of biomining microorganisms. The process of removing cells from mineral surfaces, lysing microorganisms, precipitating NA and purifying RNA were analysed. The success of each method was examined spectrophotometrically, by agarose gel electrophoresis and PCR or quantitative real time PCR (qPCR). The most important step was shown to be cellular lysis, which principally impacted on the quantity of NA extracted from each strain. The quantity and quality of extracted NA was highly dependent on the method of NA precipitation. This study resulted in the development of a NA extraction method that reliably and reproducibly extracted NA from five strains of biomining microorganisms.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Biomining"
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Rzhepishevska, Olena. "Physiology and Genetics of Acidithiobacillus species : Applications for Biomining." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Department of Molecular Biology, (Faculty of Science and Technology), Umeå Univ, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1545.
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Kotze, Andries Albertus. "Analysis of arsenic resistance in the biomining bacterium, Acidithiobacillus caldus." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/17374.
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Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In this study the chromosomal arsenic resistance (ars) genes shown to be present in all Acidithiobacillus. caldus isolates were cloned and sequenced from At. caldus #6. Ten open reading frames (ORFs) were identified on a clone conferring arsenic resistance, with three homologs to arsenic genes, arsC (arsenate reductase), arsR (regulator) and arsB (arsenite export). This ars operon is divergent, with the arsRC and arsB genes transcribed in opposite directions. Analysis of the putative amino acid sequences of these arsRC and arsB genes revealed that they are the most closely related to the ars genes of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. These ars genes were functional when transformed into an Escherichia coli ars deletion mutant ACSH50Iq, and conferred increased levels of resistance to arsenate and arsenite. ArsC was required for resistance to arsenate, but not for resistance to arsenite. None of the other ORFs enhanced arsenic resistance in E. coli. A transposon located arsenic resistance system (TnAtcArs) has been described for highly arsenic resistant strains of the moderately thermophilic, sulfur-oxidizing, biomining bacterium At .caldus #6. In the latter study it was shown that TnAtcArs confers higher levels of resistance to arsenate and arsenite than the chromosomal operon. TnAtcArs was conjugated into a weakly ars resistant At. caldus strain (C-SH12) and resulted in greatly increased arsenite resistance. RT-PCR analysis revealed that arsR and arsC are co-transcribed. Despite ORF1 (cadmium inducible-like protein) and ORF5 (putative integrase for prophage CP-933R) not being involved in resistance to arsenic, ORF1 was co-transcribed with arsRC and ORF5 with arsB. Using arsR-lacZ and arsB-lacZ fusions it was shown that the chromosomal ArsR-like regulator of At. caldus acts as a repressor of the arsR and arsB promoter expression. Induction of gene expression took place when either arsenate or arsenite was added. The chromosomal located ArsR was also able to repress TnAtcArs, but the transposon-located ArsR was unable to regulate the chromosomal system.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In hierdie studie is die chromosomale arseen weerstandbiedendheidsgene (ars gene), teenwoordig in alle Acidithiobacillus caldus isolate, gekloon en die DNA volgorde daarvan vanaf At. caldus #6 bepaal. Tien oopleesrame (ORFs) is geïdentifiseer op ‘n kloon wat arseen weerstandbiedend is, met drie homoloog aan ars gene, nl. arsC (arsenaat reduktase), arsR (reguleerder) en arsB (membraan-geleë pomp wat arseniet uitpomp). Die ars operon is gerangskik met die arsRC en arsB gene wat in teenoorgestelde rigtings getranskribeer word. Analise van die afgeleide aminosuurvolgorde van dié ars gene het getoon hulle is naverwant aan die ars gene van Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. Die ars gene was funksioneel na transformasie na ‘n E. coli ars mutant (ACSH50Iq), en het ‘n hoër vlak van weerstand teen arsenaat en arseniet gebied. ArsC was nodig vir weerstand teen arsenaat, maar nie vir weerstand teen arseniet nie. Geen van die ander ORFs het arseen weerstandbiedendheid in E. coli bevorder nie. Voorheen is ‘n ars operon, geleë op ‘n transposon (TnAtcArs), in ‘n hoogs arseen-weerstandbiedende stam van die middelmatige termofiliese, swawel-oksiderende, bio-ontgunning (“biomining”) bakterie Acidithiobacillus caldus #6 beskryf. In laasgenoemde studie is gevind dat TnAtcArs hoër vlakke van weerstand bied teen arsenaat en arseniet as die chromosomale operon. TnAtcArs is na ‘n lae arseen-weerstandbiedende At. caldus stam (C-SH12) gekonjugeer. Die resultaat was ‘n groot verhoging in arseen weerstandbiedendheid. RT-PCR analise het onthul dat arsR en arsC saam getranskribeer word. Benewens die feit dat ORF1 (kadmium induseerbare protein) en ORF5 (afgeleide integrase vir profaag CP-933R) nie betrokke is in weerstand teen arseniet and arsenaat nie, is ORF1 saam met arsRC getranskribeer en ORF5 saam met arsB. Deur gebruik te maak van die fusie-gene arsR-lacZ en arsB-lacZ is bewys dat die chromosomale ArsR reguleerder van At. caldus as ‘n inhibeerder van die arsR en arsB promoter uitdrukking funksioneer. Indusering van geen uitdrukking vind plaas wanneer arseniet of arsenaat bygevoeg word. Die chromosomaal-geleë ArsR is ook in staat om TnAtcArs te inhibeer, terwyl die transposon geleë ArsR nie daartoe in staat is om die chromosomale ars sisteem te reguleer nie.
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Butcher, Bronwyn Gwyneth. "Molecular genetics of arsenic resistance of the biomining bacterium Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53503.
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Dissertation (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The acidophilic, chemolithoautotrophic bacterium, Acidothiobaci/lus ferrooxidans is one of a consortium of bacteria involved in biornining, including the recovery of gold from arsenopyrite ores. The genes conferring arsenic resistance to At. ferrooxidans were cloned and sequenced and shown to be chromosomally located. Homologues to the arsB (membrane located arsenite efflux pump), arsC (arsenate reductase) and arsH (unknown function) genes from known arsenic resistance (ars) operons were identified. A fourth gene was found to have weak homology to the ArsR-family of regulators. The arsenic resistance genes of At. ferrooxidans are arranged in an unusual manner, with the arsRC and arsBH genes divergently transcribed. This divergent arrangement was found to be conserved in all four of the At. ferrooxidans strains we tested. All of the At. ferrooxidans ars genes were expressed in Escherichia coli and the arsB and arsC genes conferred arsenite (and antimonite) and arsenate resistance, respectively, to an E. coli ars mutant (AW311 0). Analysis of the putative amino acid sequences of these ars genes revealed that the ArsB from At. ferrooxidans is closely related to the ArsB proteins from other Gram-negative bacteria. However, the ArsC protein is more closely related to the ArsC proteins from Gram-positive bacteria. Furthermore, a functional thioredoxin (trxA) gene was required for ArsC-mediated arsenate resistance in E. coli. This suggests that reduction of arsenate by At. ferrooxidans has a similar reaction mechanism as that by Gram-positive ArsC proteins. While arsH was expressed in an E. coli-derived in vitro transcription-translation system, the presence of this gene was not required for, nor enhanced, arsenite or arsenate resistance in E. coli. We predict that the function provided by this gene is not required in E. coli. While the putative ArsR from At. ferrooxidans does contain a potential DNA-binding helix-turn-helix (HTH) domain, it does not contain the arsenite binding motif (ELCVCDL), required for response to the presence of inducer. Instead, the ArsR-like protein from At. ferrooxidans is related to a group of unstudied ArsR-like proteins that have been associated with other ars-like genes identified during genome sequencing projects. Using arsB-lacZ, arsC-lacZ, and arsR-lacZ fusions, it has been shown that this atypical ArsR protein from At. ferrooxidans did repress expression from the arsBH and arsRC promoters and that this repression was relieved by the presence of either arsenite or arsenate. Deletion of 19 amino acids from the C-terminus of the ArsR protein did not affect regulation, while deletion of a further 28 amino acids inactivated ArsR. Northern blot hybridization confirmed that expression of the arsRC and arsBH transcripts is increased in the presence of either arsenite or arsenate. This study is the first to show that the ars genes from the acidophilic biorning bacterium At. ferrooxidans are able to be studied in the neutrophilic bacterium, E. coli. We have also shown that the atypical ArsR found in this ars operon is able to regulate expression of these genes in response to arsenic, despite not containing the arsenite binding domain, suggesting that this protein senses arsenic by a different mechanism to that used by the ArsR family members already studied.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Acidothiobacillus ferrooxidans, 'n asidofiliese, chemolitotrofiese bakterium, is een van 'n konsortium bakterieë betrokke by biologiese ontgunnig ("biomining") asook by die herwinning van goud uit arsenopiriet erts. Die gene wat aan At. ferrooxidans weerstandbiedendheid teen arseen verleen, is gekloneer. Die DNA-volgorde van hierdie gene is bepaal en daar is bewys dat die gene op die chromosoom geleë is. Homoloë van die arsB (membraan geleë pomp wat arseniet uitpomp), arsC (arsenaat reduktase) en die arsH (funksie onbekend) gene is in bekende arseenweerstanbiedheidsoperons (arsoperons) geïdentifiseer. Verder is daar 'n vierde geen geïdentifiseer wat lae homologie met die ArsR-familie van reguleerders toon. At. ferrooxidans se ars gene is op 'n ongewone manier gerangskik met twee van die gene, arsRC en arsBH wat lil teenoorgestelde rigtings getranskribeer word. Hierdie rangskikking van gene IS waargeneem in al vier die At. ferrooxidans rasse wat getoets is. Al die At. ferrooxidans ars gene is in Escherichia coli uitgedruk. Die arsB en arsC gene het aan 'n E. coli ars mutant (AW311 0) weerstandbiedendheid teen aseniet, antimoniet en arseen verleen. Analiese van die afgeleide aminosuurvolgorde van die ars proteïene het getoon dat die At. ferrooxidans ArsB naby verwant aan die ArsB-proteïene van ander Gram negatiewe bakterieë is. In teenstelling hiermee, is gevind dat die ArsC-proteïene nader verwant aan die ArsC-proteïene van Gram positiewe bakterieë is. Daar is ook gevind dat 'n funksionele tioredoksien (trxA) geen vir ArsC-bemiddelde arsenaat weerstandbiedendheid in E.coli benodig word. Dit dui daarop dat die meganisme van arsenaatreduksie deur At. ferrooxidans soortgelyk is aan die ArsC-proteïen-meganisme van Gram positiewe bakteriee. In vitro studies met behulp van 'n E. coli gebaseerde transkripsie-translasie sisteem het getoon dat arsH nie nodig is vir arsenaat of aseniet weerstanbiedendheid in sensitiewe E.coli rasse nie en ook nie help om weerstand in hierdie rasse te verhoog nie. Daarom kan daar aangeneem word dat die funskie van die arsH geen nie deur E. coli benodig word nie. Die vermeende ArsR van At. ferrooxidans bevat 'n potensiële DNA-binding heliks-draaiheliks motief, maar nie die arsiniet binding motief (ELCVCDL) wat nodig is vir reaksie in die teenwoordigheid van 'n induseerder nie. Die ArsA-proteïen van At. ferrooxidans is soortgelyk aan 'n groep ArsA-proteïene wat tydens genoom DNA- volgordebepalingsprojekte geïdentifiseer is. Hierdie groep gene is egter nog nie verder bestudeer nie. Deur gebruik te maak van 'n stel fusie gene, arsB-IacZ, arsC-IacZ en arsRlacZ kon daar bewys word dat die ongewone ArsH-proteïen van At. ferrooxidans uitdrukking van arsBH en arsRC onderdruk en dat die onderdrukking deur arseniet of arsenaat opgehef kan word. Delesie van die eerste 19 aminosure vanaf die C-terminus van die ArsA-proteïen het geen uitwerking op die regulering van die proteïen nie, maar delesie van 'n vedere 28 aminosure het ArsR geïnaktiveer. Verhoogde vlakke van transkripsie van arsRC en arsBH in die teenwoordigheid van arseniet en arsenaat is met behulp van Noordelike kladanalise bewys. Hierdie is die eerste studie waarin daar bewys word dat die ars gene van die asidofiliese bakterium Atferrooxidans in die neutrofiliese bacterium E. coli bestudeer kan word. Daar is ook bewys dat ten spyte daarvan dat die ArsR in die ars operon nie 'n arseniet bindingsdomein het nie, dit die uitdrukking van die gene in hierdie operon reguleer in reaksie op arseen. Dit dui dus daarop dat hierdie proteïen op arseen in die omgewing reageer met behulp van 'n meganisme wat verskil van die ArsR-proteïene wat tot dusver bestudeer is.
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Campodonico, Alt Miguel Ángel. "Systems biology and chemoinformatics methods for biomining and systems metabolic engineering applications." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2014. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/132047.
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Doctor en Ciencias de la Ingeniería, Mención QuímicaIn the first chapter, this thesis aims to demonstrate the great potential of Constraint-Based Reconstruction and Analysis (COBRA) methods for studying and predicting specific phenotypes in the bacterium Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. A genome-scale metabolic reconstruction of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans ATCC 23270 (iMC507) is presented and characterized. iMC507 is validated for aerobic chemolithoautotrophic conditions by fixating carbon dioxide and using three different electron donors: ferrous ion, tetrathionate and thiosulfate. Furthermore, the model is utilized for (i) quantitatively studying and analyzing key reactions and pathways involved in the electron transfer metabolism, (ii) describing the central carbon metabolism and (iii) for evaluating the potential to couple the production of extracellular polymeric substances through knock-outs. The second chapter work outlines the effort towards advancing the field of systems metabolic engineering by using COBRA methods in conjunction with chemoinformatic approaches to metabolically engineer the bacterium Escherichia coli. A complete strain design workflow integrating synthetic pathway prediction with growth-coupled designs for the production of non-native compounds in a target organism of interest is outlined. The generated enabling technology is a computational pipeline including chemoinformatics, bioinformatics, constraint-based modeling, and GEMs to aid in the process of metabolic engineering of microbes for industrial bioprocessing purposes. A retrosynthetic based pathway predictor algorithm containing a novel integration with GEMs and reaction promiscuity analysis is developed and demonstrated. Specifically, the production potential of 20 industrially-relevant chemicals in E. coli and feasible designs for production strains generation is outlined. A comprehensive mapping from E. coli s native metabolome to commodity chemicals that are 4 reactions or less away from a natural metabolite is performed. Sets of metabolic interventions, specifically knock-outs and knock-ins that coupled the target chemical production to growth rate were determined. In the third chapter, in order to aid the field of cancer metabolism, potential biomarkers were determined through gain of function oncometabolites predictions. Based on a chemoinformatic approach in conjunction with the global human metabolic network Recon 2, a workflow for predicting potential oncometabolites is constructed. Starting from a list of mutated enzymes genes, described as GoF mutations, a range of promiscuous catalytic activities are inferred. In total 24 chemical substructures of oncometabolites resulting from the GoF analysis are predicted.
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Perez, Effio Nidia María. "¨Aislamiento y determinación de bacterias biooxidantes del género Acidithiobacillus y Leptospirillum presentes en las aguas residuales de las unidades mineras de Recuay – Huaraz¨." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Ricardo Palma, 2016. http://cybertesis.urp.edu.pe/handle/urp/846.
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La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo el aislamiento y determinación de las bacterias del género Acidithiobacillus y Leptospirillum presentes en las aguas residuales de las unidades mineras de Recuay – Huaraz. Con este fin se recolectaron 3 muestras del efluente y se llevaron al laboratorio donde fueron sometidas al enriquecimiento en medios de cultivo 9K y TK líquidos, con un pH de 1.5 y se realizó un conteo poblacional cada 24 horas haciendo uso de la cámara de Newbauber. Se obtuvó la mayor concentración bacteriana en el tratamiento 1 con 9.33E+06 cel/ml durante la etapa de enriquecimiento. Por otro lado, para el aislamiento del cultivo se utilizó medio 9K líquido y sólido; el primero fue incubado a temperatura ambiente por 8 días. Transcurrido este tiempo se sembró en placas Petri, por estría y por extensión. En medio sólido 9K con agar-agar se observó crecimiento bacteriano después de 14 a 25 días, en el 50% de placas sembradas por extensión y el 10% por estría. Mientras que en el medio cultivo 9K con agarosa se observó crecimiento después de 7 a 8 días en el 80% y 60% de placas por extensión y estría, respectivamente. Los resultados de la observación microscópica mostraron presencia de bacterias con morfología bacilar, carácter acidófilo por su desarrollo en medios con pH 1.5 y metabolismo quimiolitiotrofo por su crecimiento y mantenimiento durante el tiempo del ensayo a expensas de compuestos inorgánicos presentes en el medio. En el medio sólido con crecimiento bacteriano después de 45 días de incubación se logró diferenciar 3 tipos de colonias que coinciden con el género de Acidithiobacillus . Además se obtuvieron indicios de las biotransformaciones realizadas por las bacterias lixiviadoras, oxidando el sulfato ferroso a sulfato férrico durante la determinación de bioxidación, lo cual se evidenció mediante el cambio de color de verde traslúcido a naranja brillante.The present investigation had as objective the isolation and determination of the species of the genus Acidithiobacillus and Leptospirillum present in the waste water of the mining units of Recuay - Huaraz. To this end, 3 samples of the effluent were collected and taken to the laboratory where they were submitted to enrichment in 9K and T & K liquid culture media, with a pH of 1.5 and a population count was done every 24 hours using the Newbauber chamber. The results showed that the best enrichment was carried out with the medium 9k in agitation 150 rpm, extra aeration and heat 40 ° C, as the bacterial growth curve occurred in ascending and sustained form, being at 432 hours where Observed the highest bacterial concentration, 9.33E + 06 cells / ml. On the other hand, liquid and solid 9K medium were used for the isolation of the culture; The first was incubated at room temperature for 8 days. After this time was planted in Petri plates, by stria and by extension. In solid 9K medium with agar-agar bacterial growth was observed after 14 to 25 days, in 50% of plates seeded by extension and 10% by streak. While in the 9K medium agarose culture growth was observed after 7 to 8 days in 80% and 60% plates by extension and stria, respectively. The results of the microscopic observation showed the presence of bacteria with bacillary morphology, acidophilic character due to their development in media with pH 1.5 and chemiolithotroph metabolism due to their growth and maintenance during the time of the test at the expense of inorganic compounds present in the medium. In solid medium with bacterial growth after 45 days of incubation it was possible to differentiate 3 types of colonies. In addition, indications were obtained of the biotransformations performed by the leaching bacteria, oxidizing the ferrous sulfate to ferric sulfate during the determination of biooxidation. Which was evidenced by the change of color from translucent green to bright orange.
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Korehi, Hananeh [Verfasser]. "Microbial diversity in mine tailings and the role of metal sulfide oxidizers in biomining processes / Hananeh Korehi." Hannover : Technische Informationsbibliothek und Universitätsbibliothek Hannover (TIB), 2015. http://d-nb.info/1071669192/34.
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Goldschmidt, Gunther Karl. "Cloning, Sequencing and Partial Characterization of the Accessory Gene Region of Plasmid pTC-F14 isolated from the Biomining Bacterium Acidithiobacillus caldus f." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1588.
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Thesis (MSc (Microbiology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2005.Plasmid pTC-F14 is a 14.2kb promiscuous, broad-host range IncQ-like mobilizable plasmid isolated from Acidithiobacillus caldus f. At. caldus is a member of a consortium of bacteria (along with Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and Leptospirilum ferrooxidans) that is used industrially for decomposing metal sulphide ores and concentrates at temperatures of 40ºC or below which is now a well-established industrial process to recover metals from certain copper, uranium and gold-bearing minerals or mineral concentrates. These biomining microbes are usually obligately acidophilic, autotrophic, usually aerobic iron- or sulphur-oxidizing chemolithotrophic bacteria. Their remarkable physiology allows them to inhabit an ecological niche that is largely inorganic and differs from those environments populated by the more commonly studied non-acidophilic heterotrophic bacteria. At. caldus, is a moderately thermophilic (45 to 50ºC), highly acidophilic (pH1.5 to 2.5) sulphur-oxidizing bacterium, and its role as one of the major players in the industrial decomposition of metal sulphide ores has become evident in recent years. At. caldus f from which pTC-F14 was isolated was found to be one of two dominant organisms in a bacterial consortium undergoing pilot-scale testing for the commercial extraction of nickel from ores.
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Nicholson, Natasha Elizabeth. "Gravitational geomicrobiology : biofilms and their mineral interactions under terrestrial and altered gravity." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/33256.
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Experiments with microbial biofilms in microgravity and simulated microgravity have revealed altered growth kinetics, but geomicrobial biofilms have not yet been studied in low gravity environments. No characterisation of biofilms, geomicrobial or otherwise, have been conducted at hypergravity. This thesis explores factors affecting microbe-mineral interactions under terrestrial conditions, lays the groundwork for a scheduled microgravity experiment, and provides the first data on biofilms grown at hypergravity. As a first step in understanding microbe-mineral interactions in altered gravity environments, experiments were undertaken to identify factors that constrain attachment in a terrestrial environment. The model organism Sphingomonas desiccabilis and basaltic rock from Iceland were selected, and the minerals that make up the basalt were identified and procured in their pure form. The relative significance of physical factors such as hydrophobicity, surface charge, porosity and nutritional value were examined in relationship to the success with which biofilms colonised the mineral surfaces. Growth was measured by the quantity of biofilm biomass after a ifxed time period, using Crystal Violet stain, in order to draw conclusions about the most influential physical conditions on biofilm attachment to a substrate. It was found that mineral attachment is influenced more by porosity and nutritional value than by hydrophobicity or surface charge. To explore how reduced gravity affects biofilm formation and weathering rates, a European Space Agency experiment, BioRock, is underway. Samples of basalt, with monocultures of three different organisms, will be sent to the International Space Station in 2019 for long-term exposure to Martian and micro-gravity. Research testing proof of concepts, material compatibility, and experimental procedure and equipment is described. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was used to image the biofilms, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) experiments were conducted to compare biotic and abiotic elemental release rates from basalt. Both of these methods will be employed for post-flight analysis of BioRock. Preliminary terrestrial ICP-MS experiments indicated that rare Earth elements (REEs) showed the most reliable reflection of leaching patterns overall, as a consequence of their high molecular weight and low volatility during the ashing procedure. To fully understand gravity's effect on microbiological processes it is important to investigate what occurs when its influences are removed, but also to establish what occurs when extra gravitational force is applied. Using simulated hypergravity, achieved through hyper-acceleration on a geotechnical centrifuge, the effects of 10 x g on biofilm development and the leaching of basalt were investigated. As this was the first time that biofilms had been studied under hypergravity, additional substrates were included with the basalt, to enable characterisation of the more general response of biofilms to hypergravity. In contrast to previous experiments conducted on planktonic bacteria, which found decreased population sizes, the biofilms grown at 10 x g showed greater biomass than the 1 x g samples. ICP-MS showed no difference in the average weathering rates, but greater variability in the higher gravity samples. The data collected here advances our understanding of microbial interactions with geologically important substrates, with implications for an ISS microgravity experiment and future human space exploration. It also presents new intelligence on the previously unstudied effects of hypergravity on biofilms and rock weathering.
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Rodrigues, Viviane Drumond 1983. "Avaliação da biodiversidade de bactérias associadas a ambientes de mina." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/316917.
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Orientador: Laura Maria Mariscal OttoboniTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: O conhecimento acerca da diversidade microbiana associada a ambientes de mina é limitado, apesar da importância que alguns micro-organismos podem ter no processo de biolixiviação e biorremediação ambiental. Adicionalmente, micro-organismos que vivem em condições inóspitas, como os diferentes ambientes de mina, vêm despertando interesse cada vez maior por possuírem enzimas de interesse industrial. Neste sendido, a análise da biodiversidade funcional e estrutural de micro-organismos presentes em ambientes de mina é de fundamental importância para entender a estrutura e a complexidade das comunidades microbianas em ambientes extremos. Neste trabalho a diversidade microbiana foi analisada em diversos ambientes da mina de cobre do Sossego, localizada em Canaã dos Carajás, sudeste do Pará por abordagens dependentes e independentes de cultivo. A composição taxonômica associada a ambientes da mina do Sossego: taludes (estruturas geotécnicas) e entorno da drenagem dos depósitos de Sossego (T-SO1, T-SO2, ED-SO1, ED-SO2) e Sequeirinho (T-SE1, T-SE2, ED-SE1, ED-SE2) foi avaliada por pirosequenciamento do gene de rRNA 16S. Os resultados indicaram que a comunidade de bactérias de talude é distinta do entorno da drenagem e o conteúdo de matéria orgânica e maior disponibilidade de água foram os principais fatores para as diferenças. Os principais táxons responsáveis pelas diferenças foram Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, Gammaproteobacteria e Firmicutes. Por meio de técnicas dependentes de cultivo, 64 bactérias heterotróficas foram isoladas a partir das amostras SO5, SO6, SO7 e SO9. Estes isolados foram identificados e avaliados quanto à capacidade de produção de enzimas (hidrolases, monoxigenases, sulfoxidases e betalactamase) e compostos (sideróforos, biossurfactantes e antimicrobianos). Foram identificadas bactérias afiliadas aos seguintes gêneros: Acidovorax, Acinetobacter, Brevundimonas, Cupriavidus, Curtobacterium, Kocuria, Lysinibacillus, Pseudomonas, Roseomonas, Ralstonia, Stenotrophomonas e Bacillus, sendo o último respresentado por 43 isolados. Com relação à triagem funcional, 95% das bactérias foram capazes de produzir sideróforos, 58% biossurfactantes, 69% betalactamases, 50% antimicrobianos, 53% proteases, 75% esterases, 20% monoxigenases e três isolados (SO5.4, SO5.9 e SO6.2) apresentaram oxidação seletiva para sulfetos orgânicos. A partir de amostras de drenagem (SO5, SO6 e SO7) foram obtidos consórcios de micro-organismos oxidantes de ferro. Estes consórcios foram testados com relação à capacidade de biolixiviação da calcopirita e foram mais eficientes para a dissolução do cobre do que Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans LR. A identificação dos micro-organismos presentes nos consórcios foi realizada por eletroforese em gel de gradiente desnaturante (DGGE) e as bandas mais evidentes foram classificadas em Bacillus sp., Delftia sp., Phenylobacterium sp. e Methylobacterium sp. A comunidade de bactérias na mina de cobre do Sossego foi diversa e complexa. Estes resultados mostram um inventário da microbiota em diferentes ambientes da mina do Sossego e as enzimas e compostos obtidos destas bactérias poderão ser utilizadas em processos e tecnologias que permitam a recuperação de metais, como a biolixiviação e biorremediação ou em outras aplicações industriais
Abstract: The knowledge concerning microbial diversity associated with mine environments is limited, despite the importance that some microorganisms can have on environmental bioremediation and bioleaching process. Additionally, microorganisms that live in inhospitable conditions, such as different mine environments, have attracted growing interest because they could have enzymes with industrial applications. In this way, structural and functional biodiversity analysis in mine environments is an important issue to understand the structure and complexity of the microbial communities in extreme environments. The present work shows a microbial diversity analyses in some cooper mine environments of Sossego Mine localized in Canaã dos Carajás mineral province, Pará state, Brazil. The bacterial taxonomic composition associated with Sossego cooper mine: slopes (geotechnical structures) and surrounding drainage of Sossego and Sequeirinho deposits was evaluated using pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene. The results indicated slope bacterial community differs from surrounding drainage and organic matter content and higher water availably were the main factors of these differences. The foremost taxons accountable by those differences were Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, Gammaproteobacteria and Firmicutes. Sixty four bacteria were isolated using culture-dependent methods from SO5, SO6, SO7 and SO9 samples. These bacteria were identified and evaluated concerning the capability of enzyme production (hydrolase, betalactamase, monooxygenase and sulphoxidases) and compounds (siderophore, biosurfactants and antimicrobials). It was identified bacteria related with the followed genera: Acidovorax, Acinetobacter, Brevundimonas, Cupriavidus, Curtobacterium, Kocuria, Lysinibacillus, Pseudomonas, Roseomonas, Ralstonia, Stenotrophomonas and Bacillus, the last one showed 43 isolates. In relation with functional screening, 95% of bacteria were capable to produce siderophores, 58% to produce biosurfactants, 69% betalactamases, 50% antimicrobials, 53% proteases, 75% sterases, 20% monooxygenases and three strains (SO5.4, SO5.9 and SO6.2) exhibited selective oxidation for organic sulphides. Iron oxidizing microorganism consortia were obtained from drainage samples and were tested according with its ability for bioleaching of chalcopyrite. The consortia obtained from SO5, SO6, and SO7 samples were more efficient than Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans LR regarding bioleaching of copper from chalcopyrite. The identification of microorganism presented in the consortia was performed using DGGE technique and the more evident bands were classified as Bacillus sp., Delftia sp., Phenylobacterium sp. and Methylobacterium sp. The bacterial community in Sossego cooper mine was diverse and complex. These results showed a microbiota inventory in distinct mine environments and enzymes and compounds obtained from those bacteria could be used in new processes and technologies that allow to recovery metals as bioleaching, bioremediation or others industrial applications
Doutorado
Genetica de Microorganismos
Doutora em Genética e Biologia Molecular
Books on the topic "Biomining"
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Rawlings, Douglas E., ed. Biomining. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-06111-4.
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Rawlings, Douglas E., and D. Barrie Johnson, eds. Biomining. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-34911-2.
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(Editor), Douglas E. Rawlings, and D. Barrie Johnson (Editor), eds. Biomining. Springer, 2006.
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Brar, Satinder Kaur, Tian C. Zhang, Carlos Ricardo Soccol, Sara Magdouli, and Mehdi Zolfaghari. Resource Recovery: Zero Waste Biomining. Elsevier, 2021.
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E, Rawlings Douglas, ed. Biomining: Theory, microbes, and industrial processes. Georgetown, Tex: Landes Bioscience, 1997.
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Rawlings, Douglas E. Biomining: Theory, Microbes and Industrial Processes. Springer, 2014.
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Rawlings, Douglas E. Biomining: Theory, Microbes and Industrial Processes (Biotechnology Intelligence Unit). Springer, 1997.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Biomining"
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van Aswegen, Pieter C., Jan van Niekerk, and Waldemar Olivier. "The BIOX™ Process for the Treatment of Refractory Gold Concentrates." In Biomining, 1–33. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-34911-2_1.
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Norris, Paul R. "Acidophile Diversity in Mineral Sulfide Oxidation." In Biomining, 199–216. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-34911-2_10.
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Plumb, Jason J., Rebecca B. Hawkes, and Peter D. Franzmann. "The Microbiology of Moderately Thermophilic and Transiently Thermophilic Ore Heaps." In Biomining, 217–35. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-34911-2_11.
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Johnson, D. Barrie, and Kevin B. Hallberg. "Techniques for Detecting and Identifying Acidophilic Mineral-Oxidizing Microorganisms." In Biomining, 237–61. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-34911-2_12.
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Tributsch, Helmut, and José Rojas-Chapana. "Bacterial Strategies for Obtaining Chemical Energy by Degrading Sulfide Minerals." In Biomining, 263–80. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-34911-2_13.
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Holmes, David S., and Violaine Bonnefoy. "Genetic and Bioinformatic Insights into Iron and Sulfur Oxidation Mechanisms of Bioleaching Organisms." In Biomining, 281–307. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-34911-2_14.
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Morin, Dominique Henri Roger, and Patrick d'Hugues. "Bioleaching of a Cobalt-Containing Pyrite in Stirred Reactors: a Case Study from Laboratory Scale to Industrial Application." In Biomining, 35–55. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-34911-2_2.
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Plessis, Chris A. du, John D. Batty, and David W. Dew. "Commercial Applications of Thermophile Bioleaching." In Biomining, 57–80. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-34911-2_3.
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Domic, Esteban M. "A Review of the Development and Current Status of Copper Bioleaching Operations in Chile: 25 Years of Successful Commercial Implementation." In Biomining, 81–95. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-34911-2_4.
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Harvey, Todd J., and Murray Bath. "The GeoBiotics GEOCOAT® Technology – Progress and Challenges." In Biomining, 97–112. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-34911-2_5.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Biomining"
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Monks, James N., Bing Yan, Nicholas Hawkins, Fritz Vollrath, Fabian Conradi, Conrad Mullineaux, and Zengbo Wang. "Biomining for mother nature's superlenses." In 2017 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe (CLEO/Europe) & European Quantum Electronics Conference (EQEC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cleoe-eqec.2017.8087770.
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