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Journal articles on the topic 'Bionik'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 28 July 2024

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1

Hidayat, Tomi, and Armansyah Putra. "Penalaran Ilmiah dalam Ciptaan-Ciptaan Bionik (Bionic Inventions)." Titian Ilmu: Jurnal Ilmiah Multi Sciences 9, no. 1 (August 29, 2017): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.30599/jti.v9i1.55.

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Artikel ini membahas tentang penalaran ilmiah dalam hasil ciptaan Bionik. Proses penalaran ilmiah sebagai bagian dari kemampuan berpikir manusia dalam ciptaan-ciptaan Bionik (Bionic Inventions) yang diwujudkan pada penelitian-penelitian antara gabungan biologi dan elektronik. Bionik merupakan gabungan dari kata biologi dan elektronik, sistem mekanik makhluk hidup yang berfungsi seperti organ atau anggota tubuh makhluk hidup, mulai dari tangan, kaki, pendengaran, hingga penglihatan, semua bisa diperbaiki atau diganti (prosthesis) serta inspirasi teknologi pada semua makhluk hidup. Artikel secara rinci mengungkap konsep-konsep Bionik, ciptaan-ciptaan Bionik pada makhluk hidup (manusia, hewan dan tumbuhan), serta hubungan penalaran ilmiah dengan ciptaan-ciptaan Bionik (Bionic Inventions). Penciptaan Bionik termasuk dalam penalaran ilmiah induktif, deduktif dan abduktif yang berarti terdapat adanya proposisi hukum (rule), proposisi tentang suatu kasus (case), dan terakhir proposisi tentang kesimpulan (result) serta probabiltas yang tinggi yang terlepas dari falsifikasi (pseudo science).

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2

Sabila, Liya Yusrina, Teguh Prakoso, and Munawar Agus Riyadi. "DESAIN MINIATUR MEANDER PLANAR INVERTED F ANTENNA PADA 915 MHZ UNTUK TANGAN BIONIK MENGGUNAKAN DESIGN OF EXPERIMENT." TESLA: Jurnal Teknik Elektro 24, no. 2 (October 21, 2022): 151–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/tesla.v24i2.14960.

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Untuk meningkatkan kualitas tangan bionik yang digunakan oleh beberapa penyandang disabilitas, diperlukan inovasi baru. Dengan menerapkan IoT dalam pengembangan tangan bionik dapat memudahkan pasien untuk mendapatkan informasi, seperti monitoring kapasitas baterai, umur tangan bionik dan kesehatan tangan bionik. Sehingga diperlukan adanya komponen yang mampu mengirimkan informasi tersebut. Dalam makalah ini, kami menyelidiki antena Meander Planar Inverted F Antenna (PIFA) pada frekuensi 915 – 925 MHz yang kompatibel dengan teknologi Sigfox atau LoRa IoT. Antena dirancang memiliki karakteristik miniatur sehingga tidak mengganggu komponen lain saat ditanamkan di tangan bionik dan melengkung sehingga dapat mengikuti bentuk lengkung tangan bionik. Teknik miniatur yang digunakan adalah teknik meander dan teknik konformal digunakan untuk memberikan efek lengkung pada antena. Perancangan dilakukan dengan sangat sistematis dengan mengefektifkan langkah-langkah menggunakan metode Design of Experiment. Terbukti hanya membutuhkan 6 langkah untuk mendapatkan hasil yang sesuai dengan spesifikasi. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan nilai S11 sebesar -21 dB, frekuensi resonansi 924,9 MHz, bandwidth 13,5 MHz, gain -23,34 dBi dan pola radiasi omnidirectional.

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3

Lindemann, Udo, and Jens Gramann. "Innovation durch Bionik." ZWF Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb 98, no. 9 (September 28, 2003): 447–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/104.100679.

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4

Rechberger, M., and J. Bertling. "Bionik und Zerkleinerungstechnik." Chemie Ingenieur Technik 77, no. 10 (October 2005): 1487–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.200500096.

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5

Eder, Heinrich, and Wolfgang Fiedler. "Bionik der Flugfeder." Biologie in unserer Zeit 47, no. 1 (February 2017): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/biuz.201710614.

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6

Eqtika Susila Dewi, I Ketut Ngawit, and Bambang Budi Santoso. "Pengaruh Beberapa Konsentrai Pupuk Organik Cair Super Bionik Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Tanaman Pakcoy (Brassica rapa L.)." Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Agrokomplek 2, no. 1 (April 26, 2023): 178–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jima.v2i1.2342.

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Sawi pakcoy (Brassica rapa L.) merupakan salah satu sayuran daun yang memiliki nilai ekonomi yang tinggi. Pakcoy selain sebagai sayuran juga dapat bermanfaat bagi kesehatan manusia, terutama jika dikonsumsi secara rutin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi pupuk organik cair Super Bionik (PSBN) terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman dan hasil tanaman pakcoy (Brassica rapa L.). Penelitian dilaksanakan di Desa Terong Tawah, Kecamatan Labuapi, Kabupaten Lombok Barat pada bulan Juli sampai September 2022. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yaitu pemberian konsentrasi pupuk organik cair Super Bionik yang terdiri dari 6 taraf perlakuan, yaitu p0 : 0 cc (tanpa pemberian pupuk); p1 : 1,5 cc/l air; p2 : 2 cc/l air; p3 : 3 cc/l air; p4 : 4,5 cc/l air; p5 : 5 cc/l air. Perlakuan tersebut diulang sebanyak empat kali, sehingga secara keseluruhan perlakuan berjumlah 24 percobaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh pemberian pupuk organik cair Super Bionik terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman pakcoy (Brassica rapa L.). Pemberian pupuk organik cair Super Bionik 1,5 cc/l air dan 2 cc/l air merupakan perlakuan terbaik bagi pertumbuhan jumlah daun. Pemberian POC Super bionik 4,5 cc/l air merupakan perlakuan terbaik bagi tinggi tanaman, luas daun, dan bobot kering tanaman pakcoy. Pemberian POC Super bionik 5 cc/l air merupakan perlakuan terbaik bagi bobot basah tanaman.

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7

Janna, Rufaida Fatkhul, Amalia Cemara Nur'aidha, and Dhananjaya Yama Hudha Kumarajati. "Tangan Bionik Sebagai Teknologi Tepat Guna Untuk Penyandang Tuna Daksa Berbasis 3D Printing." Jurnal Listrik, Instrumentasi, dan Elektronika Terapan 5, no. 1 (April 30, 2024): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/juliet.v5i1.91241.

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Tunadaksa adalah kondisi dimana struktur fisik mengalami perubahan yang mengakibatkan terganggunya fungsi tubuh untuk melakukan gerakan yang esensial. Individu yang menghadapi kondisi tuna daksa sering kali dihadapkan pada pengabaian sosial akibat persepsi negatif yang masih berlaku, sehingga menghasilkan penurunan rasa percaya diri, dan menjadi lebih pasif dalam interaksi sosial daripada menjadi bagian aktif dalam bermasyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyediakan solusi teknologi yang lebih terjangkau bagi individu dengan disabilitas melalui pengembangan tangan bionik yang mampu dikendalikan dengan tingkat akurasi yang tinggi. Tangan bionik ini dirancang untuk mengatasi kendala yang dihadapi dalam melakukan gerakan seperti mengangkat, membuka, dan menutup jari aktivitas yang umumnya dapat dilakukan oleh tangan yang normal. Pencapaian tujuan penelitian ini didasarkan pada penerapan teknologi pencetakan 3D yang menghasilkan tangan bionik melalui bahan PLA. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian, tangan bionik menunjukkan kemampuan yang baik dalam mengangkat dan menggerakkan setiap jari dengan akurasi sekitar 90%. Gerakan jari-jari ini tampak alami dan realistis, dengan respons terhadap perintah yang cepat dan tanpa penundaan yang signifikan. Meskipun terdapat sedikit getaran pada beberapa gerakan, hal ini dapat diperbaiki dengan program pengoptimalan atau perbaikan mekanis. Dari hasil uji delay, pergerakan jari tangan bionik yang dicetak menggunakan percetakan 3D dan dikontrol Arduino uno dengan aktuator motor servo menunjukkan tingkat akurasi yang tinggi, dengan selisih waktu yang kecil antara yang diharapkan dan yang terukur, mengindikasikan kinerja yang baik dalam menggerakkan jari-jari tangan bionik.

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8

Mollah, M. A. F., M. H. K. Rubel, I. M. Hasan, A. Sultana, and M. Z. Tareq. "Seed Yield and Quality of Late Season Jute (Corchorus olitorius L.) Seed as Influenced by Plant Growth Regulators." Agriculturists 15, no. 2 (January 26, 2018): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v15i2.35474.

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An experiment was conducted at Jute Research Regional Station (JRRS) of Bangladesh Jute Research Institute (BJRI), Kishoreganj during August 2009 to January 2010 to determine the effect of different plant growth regulators on seed yield and quality of olitorius jute using late jute seed production technique. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. Seven growth regulators with different brand names such as Bionik, Litosen, Okozim, Mirakulan, Planovit, Flora and Yield were used in the experiment. All the yield contributing characters increased due to the application of growth regulators over the control. The highest seed yield (2.91g/plant) was obtained with Bionik which was followed by Mirakulan> Okozim> Litosen> Planovit> Yield> Flora> control. The highest of 33.49% seed yield was found in Bionik over control. In terms of quality of seeds, the plant growth regulator `Bionik’ performed the best.The Agriculturists 2017; 15(2) 115-121

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9

Yulianto Pratama, Aziz, Yanuar Rinaldi Bahtiar, Keshawa Udiatma, Danang Hendrawan, and Purwanto Andi Meyanto. "Perancangan Antena Pifa Dual Band Frekuensi 900 Mhz Dan 1800 Mhz Untuk Tangan Bionik." Jurnal Syntax Transformation 3, no. 6 (June 23, 2022): 861–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.46799/jst.v3i6.575.

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Tangan bionik merupakan pengembangan teknologi dari tangan buatan menggantikan sebagian fungsi tangan bagi orang-orang yang kehilangan tangan akibat kecelakaan, kelainan dan amputasi. Gerakan tangan bionik secara sederhana adalah dengan memanfaatkan teknologi pembacaan sinyal otot menggunakan sistem kontrol dikendalikan oleh sinyal otak (electroencephalogram, EEG). Penelitian ini mengusulkan desain Dual Band antena tangan bionik untuk komunikasi jarak jauh pada fekuensi 900Mhz dan untuk komunikasi jarak pendek di frekuensi 1800MHz. antena berdasarkan bentuk dan ukurannya mempunyai empat karakteristik dasar yaitu directivity, gain, polarization dan beamwidth. Antena PIFA harus memiliki ukuran kecil, sesuai dengan tangan bionik, serta memiliki kinerja yang baik dalam peningkatan gain tinggi dipasang ditangan bionik dan efisiensi radiasi serta tidak boleh menurunkan kulaitas pola radiasi atau mempersempit bandwith. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, dikembangkan dual band planar inverted - F antenna (PIFA) yang diminiaturisasi dengan teknik meander dan spiral, serta teknik konformal. Proses penalaan desain menggunakan Teknik design of experiment (DOE) untuk mengenali parameter desain yang signifikan dan koefisien talanya (slope). Material design menggunakan Material Miu Negatif (MNG) berstruktur Spiral Resonator (SR) Dengan DOE, PIFA Spiral (1800 MHz) dan PIFA Meander (5 GHz). Kedua antena ini ditempatkan di siku dan pergelangan tangan bionik. Frekuensi resonansi PIFA Spiral bergeser hingga 179,6 MHz dan PIFA Meander hingga 57 MHz. Hasil DOE dimanfaatkan untuk melakukan penalaan sehingga pergeseran frekuensi ini dapat dikoreksi. Hasil pengukuran PIFA Spiral didapatkan S11 sebesar -22,2 dB pada frekuensi resonansi 1800 MHz, bandwidth 6 MHz, dan gain -17,9 dBi; antena ini dapat digunakan untuk LoRa kanal 8. Pengukuran PIFA Meander menghasilkan S11 sebesar -24,6 dB pada frekuensi resonansi 2,419 GHz, bandwidth 10 MHz, dan gain -12,2 dBi; antena ini bisa digunakan untuk Bluetooth Low Energi kanal 7.

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10

Reinhart, Gunther, Jan-Fabian Meis, Kirsten Reisen, and Sebastian Schindler. "Bionik in der Produktionsorganisation." ZWF Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb 108, no. 9 (September 28, 2013): 608–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/104.110998.

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11

Reimann, Lukas, and Dominik Fleischhacker. "Bessere Performance durch Bionik." maschinenbau 1, no. 6 (December 2021): 26–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s44029-021-0100-6.

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12

Brüggemann, Holger, Georg Redeker, and Mark Reichwage. "Bionik in der Instandhaltung." ZWF Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb 96, no. 4 (April 28, 2001): 186–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/104.100406.

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13

Grassmann, P. "Bionik: Grenzen und Perspektiven." Naturwissenschaften 77, no. 7 (July 1990): 305–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01138383.

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14

Warnstedt, Paul, and Norbert Gebbeken. "Explosionsschutzpflanzen – Bionik und Experiment." ce/papers 3, no. 2 (April 2019): 166–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cepa.959.

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15

Häcker, Bärbel, and Werner Nachtigall. "Bionik - Natur als Vorbild." Biologie in unserer Zeit 26, no. 6 (November 1996): 334–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/biuz.19960260603.

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16

Eder, Heinrich. "Die Bionik der Schwungfederkaskade." Biologie in unserer Zeit 49, no. 1 (February 2019): 68–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/biuz.201910669.

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17

Stegmaier, T., A. Scherrieble, V. von Arnim, D. Wittmann, and H. Planck. "Bionik nutzbar gemacht - Öleodynamische Textilmaterialien." Chemie Ingenieur Technik 80, no. 9 (September 2008): 1373–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.200750783.

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18

Nachtigall, Werner, and Knut Braun. "Beruf: Bionik: Studienmöglichkeiten in Europa." Biologie in unserer Zeit 34, no. 5 (September 2004): 325–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/biuz.200410263.

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19

Kumakech, Alfred, and Frank Laban Turyagyenda. "Effect of BioNiK-Phos and Phosphorus-based fertilizers on yield of hybrid sunflower in Northern Uganda." Brazilian Journal of Science 3, no. 4 (March 27, 2024): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/bjs.v3i4.551.

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The sunflower oil seed industry is one of the promising business sectors in Uganda for both domestic and export markets. Both open-pollinated varieties and hybrids are grown in Uganda. Average yields of open-pollinated varieties in farmers’ fields range from about 750-900 kg ha-1 and hybrids about 2,000 kg/ha. For high production and productivity, sunflower requires fertilizers. The objective of this study was to establish the effects of BioNik-Phos and di-ammonium phosphate (DAP) fertilizers micro-dosing on yield of sunflower hybrid (PAN 5057) in Northern Uganda in 2021b and 2022a seasons. Field experiments were laid using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 4 replications per location in 3 locations in Alebtong District (Abako, Aloi and Angeta). There were significant (P < 0.05) differences in sunflower yields across treatments in all the three locations (Abako: 1,250-3,524 kg ha-1, Aloi: 1,274-3,488 kg ha-1 and Angeta: 1,238-3,369 kg ha-1) in 2021 with or without micro-dosing with BioNiK-Phos and DAP fertilizer. A similar trend was recorded for 2022a season (Abako: 1,268-3,500 kg ha-1, Aloi: 1,357-3,607 kg ha-1 and Angeta: 1,286-3,417 kg ha-1). The effect of DAP fertilizer micro-dosing on sunflower hybrid productivity was three folds in both years. BioNiK-Phos effect was, however, not significantly different (P < 0.05) from the control. This is the first report of the effect of BioNiK-Phos and DAP fertilizers micro-dosing of sunflower in Northern Uganda.

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Küppers, E. W. Udo. "Bionik der Verpackung: Grenzflächen des Lebens." Biologie in unserer Zeit 32, no. 4 (July 2002): 218–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-415x(200207)32:4<218::aid-biuz218>3.0.co;2-2.

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21

Küppers, Udo. "Bionik und Wirtschaftlichkeit: Versuch einer Annäherung." Biologie in unserer Zeit 34, no. 5 (September 2004): 316–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/biuz.200410262.

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22

Widadi, Rahmat, and Dodi Zulherman. "Klasifikasi Pergerakan Tangan dan Kaki Berbasis Sinyal EEG Menggunakan Common Spatial Patterns dan Multilayer Perceptron Backpropagation." Jurnal Telematika 14, no. 2 (April 12, 2020): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.61769/telematika.v14i2.292.

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The artificial bionic appendicular systems, such as hands and feet movement, require the Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) to control the movement. The BCI based movement controlling in a bionic device utilises the EEG signal directly, but the EEG signal classification has to design before it implemented in a BCI device. This study aims to design a classification system for hands and feet movements based on beta channel EEG signals. The system design used the Common Spatial Pattern (CSP) method for feature extraction and stochastic gradient descent in Multilayer Perceptron Backpropagation (MLP-BP) for the hands and feet movement classification. We use the EEG signal from ten subjects to evaluate the design. Also, the variation number of node in MLP-BP to get the system performance based on the confusion matrix. Based on the test results, the improvement of the number of nodes brought the accuracy increasing, especially for variation two, four and eight nodes. The highest mean of system design accuracy reached 94.38% for eight nodes.Teknologi brain computer interface (BCI) dibutuhkan untuk mekanisme pengaturan gerak dari alat bantu bionik sistem appendicular, khususnya tangan dan kaki. Pengendali pergerakan devais bionik berbasis BCI dapat menggunakan sinyal EEG, namun sistem pengelompokan sinyal EEG untuk pergerakan tangan dan kaki dibutuhkan sebagai tahapan awal pengimplementasian tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang sebuah sistem klasifikasi pergerakan tangan dan kaki berdasarkan sinyal EEG gelombang beta. Rancangan sistem menggunakan metode Common Spatial Patterns (CSP) pada tahap ekstrasi fitur dan stochastic gradient descent dalam Multilayer Perceptron Backpropagation (MLP-BP) untukmengklasifikasi pergerakan tangan dan kaki. Pengujian sistem menggunakan confusion matrix terhadap sepuluh subjek dan variasi jumlah node MLP-BP. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian, nilai rata-rata akurasi sistem dengan jumlah node dua, empat dan delapan meningkat sebanding dengan peningkatan jumlah node, namun nilai rata-rata akurasi menurun kembali saat jumlah node ditingkatkan menjadi enam belas. Rata-rata akurasi rancangan sistem yang tertinggi mencapai 94,38 % pada sistem dengan delapan node pada hidden layer.

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23

Herdy, Michael, and Nora Dörr. "Bionik in der Produktion – Innovation und Evolution." ZWF Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb 107, no. 3 (March 27, 2012): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/104.012038.

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24

Irsch, Wilhelm. "Die Gesellschaft für Technische Biologie und Bionik." Biologie in unserer Zeit 34, no. 5 (September 2004): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/biuz.200490083.

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25

Recktenwald, T. "Bionik - Ökologische Technik nach dem Vorbild der Natur?" Practical Metallography 36, no. 10 (October 1, 1998): 575–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pm-1998-361009.

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Hasenpusch, W., and T. Zaiß. "Nadelholzzapfen als Bionik-Vorlage. Teil 1: Wunderwerk „Kieferzapfen“." Mikroskopie 3, no. 07 (July 1, 2016): 145–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5414/mkx0112.

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27

Neurohr, Ralf, and Cristian Dragomirescu. "Bionics in Engineering Education Considerations, Experiences and Conclusions." Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 5, no. 3 (2008): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/947595.

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During recent years bionics, a new discipline which is in charge with the transfer of the principles of construction, regulation, interaction and organisation of biology into innovative technical solutions, has attracted significant interest from various industries. Based on this request for bionic expertise in engineering, the faculty for teaching engineering in foreign languages (FILS) at ‘Politehnica’ University of Bucharest started a course in bionics in SS 2007, which was supported by the expertise of the German ‘Bionik-Kompetenz-Netz’, one of the leading organizations in bionics. This is the report on the considerations involved in the course concept, the first experiences with the students' acceptance, some conclusions and future perspectives for extending bionics activities at ‘Politehnica’. Finally, within the last section, the evaluation of a questionnaire, filled in by the students at the end of the course, will be presented. In order to avoid any confusion, considering overlapping or mixing up with other bio-disciplines related to technology, the paper starts with a short introduction, explaining the principles of bionics and providing a clear definition of the field.

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28

Lüttge, Ulrich. "Bionik als Wissenschaft. Erkennen - Abstrahieren - Umsetzen. Von W. Nachtigall." Biologie in unserer Zeit 41, no. 5 (October 2011): 342. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/biuz.201190083.

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29

Tamborini, Marco. "Philosophie der Bionik: Das Komponieren von bio-robotischen Formen." Deutsche Zeitschrift für Philosophie 71, no. 1 (March 1, 2023): 30–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/dzph-2023-0002.

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Abstract In this paper, I explore how bio-hybrid forms can be created and combined starting from organic forms. The thesis put forward is epistemological: the combinatorial practice of bionics, biomimetics, biorobotics, and all design strategies inspired by nature is not based on a kind of biomimetic inspiration, i. e., on a kind of imitation of nature, but on a practice of translation. To develop this thesis, I focus on the practices of contemporary biorobotics, first examining the practice of translating natural forms into technical artefacts as developed by Raoul Heinrich Francé at the beginning of the 20th century, secondly, analysing the production of robots capable of replicating complex locomotion systems and, finally, investigating the interaction between robots and living organisms (fish). In the last part of the paper, I reflect on the philosophical payoff and broader conditions of possibility for this translational practice. I discuss when and to what extent a translation of biological forms into biotechnical ones is acceptable and point out the notion of form that underlies this practice. Moreover, I draw attention to the need to philosophically investigate what happens between different domains of knowledge – and especially between science and technology. This article is thus an invitation to philosophers to develop a philosophy in the interstices of knowledge production.

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30

Mansyur, Syaiful, Muchamad Malik, Aan Burhanuddin, and Jihan Abdul Malik. "Speech Recognition pada Kontrol Gerak Tangan Bionik berbasis Raspberry Pi dan Arduino." Jurnal Engine: Energi, Manufaktur, dan Material 7, no. 1 (May 29, 2023): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.30588/jeemm.v7i1.1431.

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<p><em>The bionic hand is a broad bio-mechatronic device that incorporates various concepts involving biology and mechatronics. In this journal, the authors research finger movements in bionic hands using voice commands. In designing this bionic hand, the author made a mechanical design using a 3D printing machine. The hardware design used by the Raspberry Pi to process voice data is then transmitted to Arduino to carry out servo movement commands so that it can move bionic fingers. Software design uses the Python language using the Google text-to-speech API. From this research, data was generated with 100% accuracy. The movement of bionic fingers moves according to the commands spoken.</em></p>

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31

Fritsche, Tobias, Peter M. Kunz, and Andreas Macht. "Evaluierung von Maßnahmen des produktionsintegrierten Umweltschutzes mittels Bionik und Biotechnologie." uwf UmweltWirtschaftsForum 18, no. 2 (May 6, 2010): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00550-010-0180-x.

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Pieter Amalo, Ni Putu Dian Kusuma, Lukas G.G. Serihollo, and Rifqah Pratiwi. "Diseminasi Pemanfaatan Pupuk Bionik Untuk Perbaikan Performa Pertumbuhan Rumput Laut." ABDIKAN: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Bidang Sains dan Teknologi 1, no. 4 (November 30, 2022): 518–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.55123/abdikan.v1i4.1117.

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Farming seaweed is a significant source of income since it helps coastal communities become more resilient. Due to the simple growing, harvesting, and drying methods, low degree of capital investment, and quick production cycle (1.5 months), seaweed cultivation in Tablolong Village, West Kupang District, East Nusa Tenggara Province is dominated by cultivators from coastal villages. The present issue for farmers of seaweed is the unavailability of seeds, both in terms of quantity and quality. Simple actions such as community service projects (PKM) with a focus on fertilizing activities utilizing bionic fertilizers can be taken to encourage the growth of seaweed. The method used to achieve the target of this PKM program is participatory counseling, dissemination of research results, assistance in seaweed cultivation, and monitoring during seaweed cultivation. In November 2021, PKM operations are conducted in Tablolong Village's coastal region. Through the use of bionic seaweed fertilizer, the activity's aim is to earn the partner group's production rates. After participating in PKM activities, the "Blue Sea" partner group was able to produce Kappaphycus striatum by utilizing bionic fertilizers, where the analysis results showed that the daily growth rate was 3.38% day-1, absolute growth was 176 gr and production was 2,755.62 gr m-1.

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Hasenpusch, W., and T. Zaiß. "Nadelholzzapfen als Bionik-Vorlage. Teil 2: Öffnungs- und Schließmechanismus des Kiefernzapfens." Mikroskopie 3, no. 10 (October 1, 2016): 200–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.5414/mkx0113.

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Defitri, Yuza, Nasamsir Nasamsir, and Ramadhani Siahaan. "RESPON PERTUMBUHAN BIBIT KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) TERHADAP PUPUK CAIR SUPER BIONIK PADA PEMBIBITAN UTAMA (Main Nursery)." Jurnal Media Pertanian 7, no. 1 (April 18, 2022): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/jagro.v7i1.130.

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This research was conducted at the Oil Palm Plantation of PT. Inti Indosawit Subur (PT.IIS), Tanjung Benanak, Merlung, Tanjung Jabung Barat from 20 January to 20 March 2021. This study aims to determine the response of oil palm seedling growth to super bionic liquid fertilizer at certain concentrations in the main nursery. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with super bionic liquid fertilizer treatment consisting of 5 levels, namely; s0 = control, s1 = 3 cc liter-1 super bionic liquid fertilizer per seedling, s2 = 6 cc liter-1 super bionic liquid fertilizer per seedling, s3 = 9 cc liter-1 super bionic liquid fertilizer per seedling, and s4 = 12 cc liter-1 super bionic liquid fertilizer per seedling. Parameters observed were plant height (cm), stem diameter (cm), shoot dry weight (g), root dry weight (g), and root-shoot ratio at 8 WAP. The research data were analyzed using analysis of variance, if it had a significant effect, then continued with Duncan's Multiple Distance Test (DNMRT) at the 5% level. The results showed that the application of super bionic liquid fertilizer had a significant effect on stem diameter, shoot dry weight, root dry weight and had no significant effect on plant height and root-shoot ratio. The application of super bionic liquid fertilizer with a concentration of 9 cc liter-1 resulted in an increase in plant height of 15.38%, stem diameter 23.78%, shoot dry weight 100%, root dry weight 71.56%, and root-shoot ratio 6.88. % compared to without super bionic liquid fertilizer (control).Keywords ; super bionic liquid fertilizer, palm oil

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Hampp, Norbert. "Bionik - Rückblick und Ausblick: Bionik: Grundlagen und Beispiele für Ingenieure und Naturwissenschaftler. Von W. Nachtigall. Springer, Berlin, 1998. 319 S., geb., 98,- DM. ISBN 3-540-63403-7." Nachrichten aus Chemie, Technik und Laboratorium 47, no. 10 (October 1999): 1248–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nadc.19990471022.

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Langhoff, Wolfgang, and Markus Ernst. "Das lebende Bordnetz Bionik als Vorbild für die E/E-Architektur der Zukunft." ATZelektronik 9, no. 4 (August 2014): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1365/s35658-014-0452-2.

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Nachtigall, W., and B. Kresling. "Bauformen der Natur Teil I: Technische Biologie und Bionik von Knoten-Stab-Tragwerken." Naturwissenschaften 79, no. 5 (May 1992): 193–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01227128.

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Eggert, T. "Bionik im Reagenzglas – Biokatalysator-Design nach dem Vorbild der Natur durch gerichtete Evolution." Chemie Ingenieur Technik 78, no. 4 (April 2006): 453–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.200500196.

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Zubaid, Ahmad, Anif Rizqianti Hariz, and Erna Wijayanti. "Pengembangan “MeLea Bionik” (Media Leaflet Bioentrepreneurship Hidroponik) untuk Memotivasi Generasi Milenial dalam menghadapi Keterbatasan Lahan di Kota Semarang." Quagga: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Biologi 14, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 164–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.25134/quagga.v14i2.5713.

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Hydroponics based on bio-entrepreneurship is one of the efforts to protect environmental pollution by utilizing waste into a high use value, one of which is the use of plastic waste as a hydroponic growing medium. This study aims to develop a bioentrepreneurship-based hydroponic leaflet to increase the millennial generation's motivation towards agriculture by utilizing the development of Agricultural Science and Technology through the wick hydroponic system. The method used is five ADDIE paths, namely: Analysis Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The results of the overall validity test data analysis conducted on media expert lecturers obtained a percentage of 70.7%, including the appropriate category. The conclusion of this research is that the development of MeLea Bionic (Media Leaflet Bioentrepreneurship Hydroponics) is appropriate to be used as a reference for making hydroponics to motivate the millennial generation in facing limited land in the city of Semarang.

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Priyanda, Gusti, Rita Hayati, Eva Oktavidiati, Jafrizal, Dwi Fitriani, and Yukiman Armadi. "RESPON PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN SELADA (Lactuca sativa L.) TERHADAP JENIS MEDIA TANAM DAN JENIS NUTRISI DENGAN SISTEM HIDROPONIK." Jurnal Riset dan Inovasi Pendidikan Sains (JRIPS) 1, no. 2 (July 25, 2022): 135–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.36085/jrips.v1i2.3603.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui respon pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman selada (Lactuca Sativa L.) terhadap jenis media tanam dan jenis nutrisi dengan sistem hidroponik. Rancangan yang digunakan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) faktorial dengan 2 faktor yaitu faktor pertama Media Tanam (M) : M1 (Rockwool), M2 (Sekam Padi), sedangkan faktor kedua Nutrisi (N) : N1 (AB Mix), N2 (Poc Nasa), N3 (Super Bionik) masing-masing perlakuan diulang sebanyak 3 kali. Hasil data dianalisis menggunakan Analisis Sidik Ragam (ANOVA) dan apabila berbeda nyata dilakukan uji lanjut Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) taraf 5 %. Data hasil analisis ragam menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan media tanam berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun tanaman, berat segar tanaman, berat akar tanaman dan panjang akar tanaman. Pada perlakuan nutrisi berpengaruh sangat nyata pada tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun umur 1 MST, 3 MST, 5 MST, berat segar tanaman, berat akar tanaman dan panjang akar tanaman selada.Terdapat interaksi antara penggunaan media tanam dan pemberian nutrisi pada tanaman selada berpengaruh sangat nyata pada berat segar tanaman dan berat akar tanaman selada. Hasil penelitian menunjukan pertumbuhan dan hasil terbaik adalah perlakuan media tanam rockwool dan nutrisi ab mix. Kata kunci :Selada, Media Tanam, Nutrisi, Hidroponik, Pertumbuhan

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Kurniawan, Pegi, and Abdul Rauf. "PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN SELADA (Lactuca sativa L.) PADA PEMBERIAN BERAGAM PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR." AGROTEKBIS : E-JURNAL ILMU PERTANIAN 11, no. 5 (October 26, 2023): 1343–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.22487/agrotekbis.v11i5.1888.

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Selada merupakan salah satu jenis tanaman sayuran yang kaya akan kandungan nutrisi. Dengan rasa dan teksturnya yang khas, menjadikan selada sebagai salah satu sayuran primadona dikalangan masyarakat. Pada tahun 2010 produksi selada sebesar 41,11 ton tahun dan menurun pada tahun 2015 yaitu sebesar 39,289 ton tahun-1. Laporan BPS menunjukkan konsumsi selada nasional mencapai 35,9 kg kapita-1 tahun-1. Kebutuhan ini lebih tinggi dari tingkat produksi nasional. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret sampai Mei 2021 di screen house Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Tadulako, Palu, Sulawesi Tengah. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengidentifikasi respon pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman selada terhadap berbagai jenis pupuk organik cair (POC) yang beredar di pasaran. POC yang dicobakan yakni (1) NASA, (2) Super Bionik, (3) Herbafarm, (4) Megarizho dan (5) Urine Sapi dengan dosis masing-masing 3 mll-1. Sebagai Pembanding (0) kontrol tanpa pemberian POC. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jenis POC yang diujikan tidak memberikan pengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman selada. Namun terdapat kecenderungan perlakuan POC Megarizho (P4) memberikan pengaruh lebih dari POC lainnya yakni tanaman lebih tinggi, daun yang lebih banyak dan luas serta bobot segar tanaman lebih berat.

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Mattheck, Claus. "Bionik. Grundlagen und Beispiele für Ingenieure und Naturwissenschaftler. Von Werner Nachtigall, 315 S., Abbildungen, DM 98,-. Springer Verlag, Heidelberg, 1998." Physik in unserer Zeit 30, no. 4 (1999): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/piuz.19990300417.

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Putri, Ardiah Virana, Aldila Putri Rahayu, and Tatik Wardiyati. "Pengaruh Media Tanam Dan Pupuk Daun Terhadap Aklimatisasi Pertumbuhan Bibit Anggrek Dendrobium (Dendrobium sp.)." Produksi Tanaman 010, no. 08 (August 26, 2022): 451–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.protan.2022.010.08.07.

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Anggrek (Dendrobium sp.) sebagai salah satu komoditas tanaman hias yang termasuk tanaman epifit dan cukup popular di Indonesia. Tanaman anggrek ini memiliki nilai ekonomis yang cukup tinggi dan diminati konsumen cukup banyak. Produksi tanaman anggrek menunjukkan peningkatan pada tahun 2017 sebesar 20.045.577 tangkai, sedangkan pada tahun 2018 sebesar 24.717.840 tangkai (BPS, 2019). Permintaan yang terus meningkat harus diikuti dengan persediaan bibit dalam jumlah yang besar dan mutu yang baik. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui dan mempelajari pengaruh media tumbuh dan jenis pupuk daun yang sesuai untuk pertumbuhan tanaman anggrek (Dendrobium sp.). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian faktorial yang menggunakan Rancangan Petak Terbagi (RPT) dengan menggunakan 2 faktorr yaitu faktor pertama sebagai petak utama adalah perlakuan pupuk daun Mamigro (P1), Super Bionik (P2), Grow Quick LB (P3) dan pada faktor kedua sebagai anak petak adalah perlakuan media tanam arang kayu (M1), moss hitam (M2), serabut kelapa (M3), arang sekam (M4). Berdasarkan hasil analisis diketahui bahwa terdapat interaksi antara penggunaan pupuk daun dengan media tanam terhadap panjang tanaman sebesar 8,30 cm, panjang daun sebesar 5,27 cm, jumlah daun 5,00 helai dan lebar daun sebesar 0,48 cm. Penggunaan pupuk daun Grow Quick LB dengan media tanam arang sekam menunjukkan hasil yang terbaik pada pertumbuhan tanaman anggrek.

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Storch, Volker. "Bionik - Von der Natur lernen. Von Hans Marguerre. Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Berlin, 1991. 77 Seiten, DM 24,-. ISBN 3-8009-4125-2." Biologie in unserer Zeit 23, no. 1 (February 1993): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/biuz.19930230111.

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Lin, Wei-Han, Zhijie Zhu, Vasanth Ravikumar, Vinod Sharma, Elena G. Tolkacheva, Michael C. McAlpine, and Brenda M. Ogle. "A Bionic Testbed for Cardiac Ablation Tools." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 22 (November 21, 2022): 14444. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232214444.

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Bionic-engineered tissues have been proposed for testing the performance of cardiovascular medical devices and predicting clinical outcomes ex vivo. Progress has been made in the development of compliant electronics that are capable of monitoring treatment parameters and being coupled to engineered tissues; however, the scale of most engineered tissues is too small to accommodate the size of clinical-grade medical devices. Here, we show substantial progress toward bionic tissues for evaluating cardiac ablation tools by generating a centimeter-scale human cardiac disk and coupling it to a hydrogel-based soft-pressure sensor. The cardiac tissue with contiguous electromechanical function was made possible by our recently established method to 3D bioprint human pluripotent stem cells in an extracellular matrix-based bioink that allows for in situ cell expansion prior to cardiac differentiation. The pressure sensor described here utilized electrical impedance tomography to enable the real-time spatiotemporal mapping of pressure distribution. A cryoablation tip catheter was applied to the composite bionic tissues with varied pressure. We found a close correlation between the cell response to ablation and the applied pressure. Under some conditions, cardiomyocytes could survive in the ablated region with more rounded morphology compared to the unablated controls, and connectivity was disrupted. This is the first known functional characterization of living human cardiomyocytes following an ablation procedure that suggests several mechanisms by which arrhythmia might redevelop following an ablation. Thus, bionic-engineered testbeds of this type can be indicators of tissue health and function and provide unique insight into human cell responses to ablative interventions.

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Klak, Marta, Michał Rachalewski, Anna Filip, Tomasz Dobrzański, Andrzej Berman, and Michał Wszoła. "Bioprinting of Perfusable, Biocompatible Vessel-like Channels with dECM-Based Bioinks and Living Cells." Bioengineering 11, no. 5 (April 29, 2024): 439. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11050439.

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There is a growing interest in the production of bioinks that on the one hand, are biocompatible and, on the other hand, have mechanical properties that allow for the production of stable constructs that can survive for a long time after transplantation. While the selection of the right material is crucial for bioprinting, there is another equally important issue that is currently being extensively researched—the incorporation of the vascular system into the fabricated scaffolds. Therefore, in the following manuscript, we present the results of research on bioink with unique physico-chemical and biological properties. In this article, two methods of seeding cells were tested using bioink B and seeding after bioprinting the whole model. After 2, 5, 8, or 24 h of incubation, the flow medium was used in the tested systems. At the end of the experimental trial, for each time variant, the canals were stored in formaldehyde, and immunohistochemical staining was performed to examine the presence of cells on the canal walls and roof. Cells adhered to both ways of fiber arrangement; however, a parallel bioprint with the 5 h incubation and the intermediate plating of cells resulted in better adhesion efficiency. For this test variant, the percentage of cells that adhered was at least 20% higher than in the other analyzed variants. In addition, it was for this variant that the lowest percentage of viable cells was found that were washed out of the tested model. Importantly, hematoxylin and eosin staining showed that after 8 days of culture, the cells were evenly distributed throughout the canal roof. Our study clearly shows that neovascularization-promoting cells effectively adhere to ECM-based pancreatic bioink. Summarizing the presented results, it was demonstrated that the proposed bioink compositions can be used for bioprinting bionic organs with a vascular system formed by endothelial cells and fibroblasts.

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Klak, Marta, Katarzyna Kosowska, Tomasz Bryniarski, Ilona Lojszczyk, Tomasz Dobrzański, Grzegorz Tymicki, Anna Filip, et al. "P17.01: Bioink Based on the dECM for 3D-Bioprinting of Bionic Pancreas - First Results of Animal." Transplantation 106, no. 9S (September 2022): S750. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.tp.0000889776.79952.83.

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Simonova, O. A., M. V. Simonov, and E. V. Tovstik. "The effect of manganese(II) excess on growth and antioxidant status of barley seedlings." Agricultural Science Euro-North-East 21, no. 4 (August 22, 2020): 369–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.30766/2072-9081.2020.21.4.369-378.

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Manganese belongs to the group of heavy metals, which at high concentrations can have a negative effect on plant development. Typical soils of the Kirov region are acid podzolic and sod-podzolic soils, which are characterized by high content of manganese compounds available for plants. Studied was the effect of manganese(II) ions at the concentrations of 30.0, 60.0 and 90.0 mg/l on the growth and antioxidant activity (AOA) of the superoxide dismutase enzyme (SOD) in the organs of 7 and 14-day-old barley plants grown in aquatic culture. Varieties and forms of barley 346-09, 29-11, Farmer 198-12, Forward and Bionik, resistant to acidic soils (Al3 +, H+) served as objects for the research; Belgorodskij 100 variety was used as standard. When manganese was added to the solution for growing, a decrease in root length and an increase in AOA of SOD in plant roots were noted. It was concluded that increased concentrations of manganese had an effect on the morphometric parameters and on AOA SOD of barley seedlings. It has been established that increasing the dose of manganese in the solution for growing leads to a decrease in the length of the roots. AOA SOD varied in different organs of plants of some varieties, and its more significant change in the experiment compared with the control was revealed in the roots. Judging by morphometric indicators, the Belgorodskij 100 variety was the least resistant to Mn2+ ionic toxicity, the root length of which in the control was 15.7±0.4 cm, and in the experiment 13.2±0.3; 12.2±0.1; 11.5±0.3 cm in accordance with the dose of manganese 30, 60 and 90 mg / l. According to the level of AOA SOD, the most sensitive variety was Farmer 198-12, its change of AOA SOD in the roots (% of control) was 158.8; 167.2 and 169.4% in accordance with the dose of manganese 30.0; 60.0 and 90.0 mg / l (AOA SOD in the control was 52.4±0.4%; in the experiment 83.2±2.2; 87.6±2.0 and 88.7±0.6, respectively), and in the shoots ˗ 121.0; 128.3 and 125.6 %, respectively (66.7±7.9 % in the control and 80.7±0.5; 85.6±1.4; 83.8±0.6 % in the experiment in accordance with the dose of Mn 2+).

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Goffredo, Michela, Stefano Mazzoleni, Annalisa Gison, Francesco Infarinato, Sanaz Pournajaf, Daniele Galafate, Maurizio Agosti, Federico Posteraro, and Marco Franceschini. "Kinematic Parameters for Tracking Patient Progress during Upper Limb Robot-Assisted Rehabilitation: An Observational Study on Subacute Stroke Subjects." Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 2019 (October 21, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4251089.

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Background. Upper limb robot-assisted therapy (RT) provides intensive, repetitive, and task-specific treatment, and its efficacy for stroke survivors is well established in literature. Biomechanical data from robotic devices has been widely employed for patient’s assessment, but rarely it has been analysed for tracking patient progress during RT. The goal of this retrospective study is to analyse built-in kinematic data registered by a planar end-effector robot for assessing the time course of motor recovery and patient’s workspace exploration skills. A comparison of subjects having mild and severe motor impairment has been also conducted. For that purpose, kinematic data recorded by a planar end-effector robot have been processed for investigating how motor performance in executing point-to-point trajectories with different directions changes during RT.Methods. Observational retrospective study of 68 subacute stroke patients who conducted 20 daily sessions of upper limb RT with the InMotion 2.0 (Bionik Laboratories, USA): planar point-to-point reaching tasks with an “assist as needed” strategy. The following kinematic parameters (KPs) were computed for each subject and for each point-to-point trajectory executed during RT: movement accuracy, movement speed, number of peak speed, and task completion time. The Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used with clinical outcomes. the Friedman test and post hoc Conover’s test (Bonferroni’s correction) were applied to KPs. A secondary data analysis has been conducted by comparing patients having different severities of motor impairment. The level of significance was set atpvalue < 0.05.Results. At the RT onset, the movements were less accurate and smoothed, and showed higher times of execution than those executed at the end of treatment. The analysis of the time course of KPs highlighted that RT seems to improve the motor function mainly in the first sessions of treatment: most KPs show significant intersession differences during the first 5/10 sessions. Afterwards, no further significant variations occurred. The ability to perform movements away from the body and from the hemiparetic side remains more challenging. The results obtained from the data stratification show significant differences between subjects with mild and severe motor impairment.Conclusion. Significant improvements in motor performance were registered during the time course of upper limb RT in subacute stroke patients. The outcomes depend on movement direction and motor impairment and pave the way to optimize healthcare resources and to design patient-tailored rehabilitative protocols.

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Cano-de-la-Cuerda, Roberto, Aitor Blázquez-Fernández, Selena Marcos-Antón, Patricia Sánchez-Herrera-Baeza, Pilar Fernández-González, Susana Collado-Vázquez, Carmen Jiménez-Antona, and Sofía Laguarta-Val. "Economic Cost of Rehabilitation with Robotic and Virtual Reality Systems in People with Neurological Disorders: A Systematic Review." Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 6 (March 7, 2024): 1531. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm13061531.

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Background: The prevalence of neurological disorders is increasing worldwide. In recent decades, the conventional rehabilitation for people with neurological disorders has been often reinforced with the use of technological devices (robots and virtual reality). The aim of this systematic review was to identify the evidence on the economic cost of rehabilitation with robotic and virtual reality devices for people with neurological disorders through a review of the scientific publications over the last 15 years. Methods: A systematic review was conducted on partial economic evaluations (cost description, cost analysis, description of costs and results) and complete (cost minimization, cost-effectiveness, cost utility and cost benefit) studies. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. The main data sources used were PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science (WOS). Studies published in English over the last 15 years were considered for inclusion in this review, regardless of the type of neurological disorder. The critical appraisal instrument from the Joanna Briggs Institute for economic evaluation and the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) were used to analyse the methodological quality of all the included papers. Results: A total of 15 studies were included in this review. Ten papers were focused on robotics and five on virtual reality. Most of the studies were focused on people who experienced a stroke. The robotic device most frequently used in the papers included was InMotion® (Bionik Co., Watertown, MA, USA), and for those focused on virtual reality, all papers included used semi-immersive virtual reality systems, with commercial video game consoles (Nintendo Wii® (Nintendo Co., Ltd., Kyoto, Japan) and Kinect® (Microsoft Inc., Redmond, WA, USA)) being used the most. The included studies mainly presented cost minimization outcomes and a general description of costs per intervention, and there were disparities in terms of population, setting, device, protocol and the economic cost outcomes evaluated. Overall, the methodological quality of the included studies was of a moderate level. Conclusions: There is controversy about using robotics in people with neurological disorders in a rehabilitation context in terms of cost minimization, cost-effectiveness, cost utility and cost benefits. Semi-immersive virtual reality devices could involve savings (mainly derived from the low prices of the systems analysed and transportation services if they are applied through telerehabilitation programmes) compared to in-clinic interventions.

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