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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Biopac'
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Mošnerová, Jitka. "Detekce únavy z elektromyogramu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-220834.
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The aim of the diploma thesis is the design and implementation of methods for detecting fatigue in electromyogram (EMG). At first is done a literature review on the topic of fatigue detection in electromyography (EMG). Measurement of fatigue-induced changes in the EMG signal is performed on ten subjects using the Biopac ©. Next is in the thesis solved the selection of the optimal methods of evaluating the fatigue-induced changes in EMG recording using statistical testing. In the final part of the thesis is discussion on the results of statistical testing, creation a user interface in Matlab © and comprehensive instructions for laboratory focused on the topic of fatigue in the EMG signal.
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Lutz, Jan. "Myoelektrická protéza ruky." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-219509.
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This project treats of using electromyograph as a control standard for prosthetic replacement of human arm. The work is mainly focused on surface signals. Reader is briefed by creation and transmission of the signal. The work takes account of the transmission of the signal for surface electrodes and the differences between the ideal and the real connection. Another point of the thesis is the design of basic system model for simulation of the robotic arm movement, which depends on the measured signal. In the practical part there is the realization of the artificial limb movement. It starts with the roboric arm construction and continues with the communication between computer and the robotic arm. First part of practical testing ends with creating of an user interface, which is capable of control all robotic arm movements. The interface is combined with a computer model in Matlab robotic toolbox. The model is able to move in sync with the real robot. The final part is devoted to practical measurement with Biopac instruments. The obtained signal is modified to be used as controller for the robotic arm. Author's aim is to adjust this movement to be most similar to real movement.
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Tomanová, Markéta. "Řízení myoelektrické protézy." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-220867.
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The Master´s thesis summarizes the knowledge about controlling of myoelectric prostheses. The Introduction part of this work provides an overview of the anatomy of muscles and their contraction. In case of restricted function of hand, it is necessary to compensate this deficiency by using prosthetic limbs. Among one of the most technically difficult is robotic prosthesis. In this semestral work is myoelectric prosthesis replaced by a robotic arm. Arm is controlled by the electromyographic signals. The signals are recorded by Biopac acquision unit, then processed in LabVIEW and robotic system is controlled by the Arduino platform.
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Němcová, Andrea. "Hodnocení únavy pomocí elektrookulografie." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-220869.
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The master´s thesis deals with fatigue evaluation in electrooculography records (EOG). The theoretical part focuses on electrooculography itself, fatigue and methods used for fatigue detection from EOG. The practical part includes a plan of optimal methodology for fatigue evaluation using EOG. The EOG signals are recorded during the volunteers are watching prepared scenes. Those scenes are desribed here. There is also definition of signal processing methods with relevant block diagrams. Laboratory protocol describing EOG signals recording using Biopac data acquisition system is included. Ten volunteers were measured according to this protocol and the signal database was created. In brief questionnaire volunteers were supposed to evaluate fatigue and discomfort of the measurment. Recorded signals were processed and acquired parameters were statistically evaluated. Then the parameters were discussed in terms of fatigue detection ability. On the basis of that software application was created. This application detects fatigue in selected signal. The thesis includes detailed laboratory manual for students.
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Szöllösi, Tomáš. "Měření EMG a posouzení vlivu zátěže." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-374762.
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The task of this thesis was focused on influence of physical load on electrical activity of muscle. There are basic principals and terms from the problematic of measuring electric activity of muscle. Author suggested measuring protocol, got data from group of people, made an application and used this application to analyse measured signals. At the end of this work it was suggested statistical processing and evaluation of results.
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Blatný, Michal. "Spektrální analýza EEG signálu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-219237.
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Master’s thesis deal about electroencefalography, measurement EEG signals and analysis measuermed signals. Project contains two basis practical parts. Firts part contain two PC’s programs that’s are used to fundamental analysis to frequence-domain and visual display of brain mapping created with Matlab. Second chapter of practical parts includes two PC’s programs created with LabView. First of them is the EEG biofeedback making use for advanced analyses and second program is used to detection segment of stacionarity.
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Navrátil, Rudolf. "Software pro prezentaci multimediálních stimulů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-220840.
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This work deals with the affects of multimedia stimuli on the human body, their processing by senses, the possibility of presentation of the stimuli with emphasis on the possibility of measuring the impact of their effect on biological signals using external measuring station. It describes the design and implementation of the application, allowing presentation of the mentioned stimuli and their synchronization with external measuring system Biopac.
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Macková, Pavlína. "EKG biofeedback." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-219742.
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The master’s thesis is focused on the possibilities of measuring heart rate of ECG signal and its use in therapeutic game of ECG biofeedback. This thesis describes the way of measuring ECG with acquisition unit Biopac and analyzes signal processing for measurement of heart rate – algorithms of QRS detection, HRV analysis. Realisation of therapeutic is designed for applications in Matlab.
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Aymara, Leon Rossmery Luz, Limas María del Pilar Félix, Quispe Ginna Alejandra Maguiña, Avalos Nataly Ticona, and Laverio Yady Elizabeth Ventosilla. "Proyecto BioPack. Platos biodegradables." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/651881.
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La contaminación ambiental se ha convertido en uno de los problemas sociales más importantes a nivel internacional. Este impacto tiene como causa principal el uso excesivo de plástico, el cual demora en degradarse entre 150 a 1000 años, dependiendo del tipo de producto. En el Perú, el uso promedio de plásticos es de 30 kilogramos por persona al año. Con el fin de poder contribuir con la disminución del uso de plástico de un solo uso y ser una huella de sostenibilidad en el planeta, nace BioPack, una empresa eco-amigable que ofrece platos biodegradables a base de residuos orgánicos, dando un nuevo valor a los productos que ya no se utilizan. En el presente trabajo de investigación, se podrá apreciar el análisis y desarrollo de esta empresa en sus diferentes etapas de evolución. En primer lugar, se presenta el modelo de negocio de BioPack, a través de la herramienta del Business Model Canvas y la validación de cada uno de sus cuadrantes. Seguido de ello, se explica el desarrollo del plan de negocio, mostrando el análisis interno y externo de BioPack. A continuación, se explica el concierge, es decir, la validación de la intención de compra de los usuarios objetivos de la empresa, por medio de ventas reales. Finalmente, se presenta el desarrollo de cinco importantes planes operativos de la empresa. Uno de ellos es el Plan Financiero, uno de los más importantes, debido a que, con este, se concluyó si la empresa era viable y rentable en el tiempo.Environmental pollution has become one of the most important social problems in the world. This impact has as its main cause the excessive use of plastic, which takes about 150 to 1000 years to degrade, depending on the type of product. In Peru the average use of plastics is 30 kilograms per person per year. In order to contribute to the decrease in the use of single-use plastic and be a mark of sustainability on the planet, BioPack is born, an eco-friendly company that offers biodegradable dishes based of organic waste, giving new value to products that are no longer used. Throughout this research paper, you will appreciate the analysis and development of this company in its different stages of evolution. First, the BioPack business model is presented, through the Business Model Canvas tool and the validation of each of its quadrants. Following this, the development of the business plan is explained, where the internal and external analysis of BioPack is shown. Then, the concierge is explained, that is the validation of the purchase intention of the objective users of the company, through real sales. Finally, the development of five important operational plans of the company is presented, such as the Financial Plan, the latter one of the most important, because, from this, it was concluded if the company was viable and profitable over time.
Trabajo de investigación
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Fontseré, Obis Marta. "Vers une nouvelle solution d'épuration de biogaz par des mâchefers d'incinération de déchets non dangereux : Développement et mise en œuvre d'un procédé d'adsorption d'H2S." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEI038/document.
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Le biogaz est une source d’énergie renouvelable, dont le potentiel est insuffisamment valorisé à l’heure actuelle. Avant toute valorisation énergétique, des traitements épuratoires coûteux (e.g. adsorption par des charbons actifs imprégnés, CAI) sont nécessaires, limitant la rentabilité économique. Un intérêt vers le développement de procédés de traitement « bon marché » est mis en évidence au travers d’études, la plupart à l’échelle du laboratoire, basées sur l’utilisation de déchets/sous-produits. Nous avons ainsi réalisé une étude de faisabilité d’un procédé d’élimination d’H2S, composé très corrosif et toxique, par des Mâchefers d’Incinération de Déchets Non Dangereux (MIDND). Une unité pilote a été installée sur la plateforme de valorisation de biogaz d’une installation de stockage de déchets non dangereux. Des essais à petite échelle (500 g) ont permis le screening de 6 différents MIDND et l’identification des paramètres influents sur le traitement d’H2S. Le transfert d’échelle (10 kg), ainsi que des conditions opératoires optimisées, ont permis d’obtenir une capacité d’adsorption des MIDND supérieure à 200 gH2S/kgMS, proche de celle de certains adsorbants commerciaux. Ce travail expérimental a été complété par un questionnement scientifique sur les mécanismes de rétention d’H2S. Un panel de techniques analytiques a permis de caractériser la matrice (avant et après traitement), de réaliser les bilans de soufre et d’identifier sa spéciation. Le mécanisme proposé repose majoritairement sur l’oxydation catalytique d’H2S en soufre élémentaire dans un contexte physico-chimique adéquat (humidité, pH, porosité, présence d’O2 et de métaux). L’intérêt économique de la mise en œuvre industrielle du procédé de désulfuration avec des MIDND a été démontré, avec une réduction conséquente des coûts de traitement par rapport à l’utilisation de CAI. Ce travail montre également l’intérêt environnemental d’un tel procédé qui entre parfaitement dans le cadre de l’économie circulaireBiogas is a renewable energy source, which potential is still under-evaluated. Before any energy production from biogas, costly purification treatments (e.g. adsorption by impregnated activated carbons, IAC) are necessary, limiting the economic profitability. An increasing interest in the development of "low-cost" treatments based on the use of waste/by-products is shown by several studies, most of all by tests at laboratory scale. Thus, a feasibility study of the use of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration (MSWI) Bottom ash (BA) for the removal of H2S, a very corrosive and toxic compound in biogas, has been carried out in this thesis. An experimental pilot was installed on an energy recovery plant from biogas produced in a landfill (non-hazardous waste). Small-scale trials (500 g) allowed the screening of 6 different BAs and the identification of key parameters of the desulfurization. The transfer to a bigger scale reactor (10 kg), as well as the optimized operating conditions, enabled to obtain an adsorption capacity higher than 200 gH2S/kgdy BA, similar to that of some commercial adsorbents. The on-site experimental study has been completed by a scientific investigation on the mechanisms involved on the H2S retention by BA. Several analytical techniques were used to characterize the material before and after the biogas treatment, to carry out the sulfur mass balances and to identify its chemical speciation. The proposed mechanism relies predominantly on the catalytic oxidation of H2S to elemental sulfur, in an adequate physicochemical context (moisture, pH, porosity, O2 and metal oxides). The economic benefit of an industrial implementation of the desulfurization treatment with MIDND has been demonstrated. The operational costs are reduced compared to a treatment with IAC. The environmental value of such a treatment is also shown and fits perfectly into a circular economy framework
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Mancini, Gabriele. "Different approaches to enhance the biogas production from the anaerobic digestion of lignocellulosic materials." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1250/document.
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La production de biogaz par digestion anaérobie (DA) est une technologie renouvelable de longue date et un bioprocessus en croissance continue. Les matériaux lignocellulosiques (ML) présentent plusieurs caractéristiques qui les rendent particulièrement attrayants parmi les substrats couramment employés dans les bioréacteurs anaérobies. En particulier, les ML sous la forme de résidus agricoles ont été reconnus comme la matière première la plus appropriée pour la production de biométhane en raison de leur haute disponibilité, de leur faible coût, de leur durabilité et de leur absence de concurrence directe avec la production alimentaire. Cependant, leur récurrence à la conversion biologique entrave leur application pour la production à grande échelle de biogaz et nécessite une étape de prétraitement pour améliorer la dégradabilité microbienne. En plus des défis posés par la structure lignocellulosique, la fourniture de oligo-éléments (OE) a souvent été jugée insuffisante dans les digesteurs de biogaz. La croissance microbienne dépend de la disponibilité et de la quantité optimale de plusieurs OE spécifiques, constituants essentiels des cofacteurs dans les systèmes enzymatiques impliqués dans la biochimie de la formation de méthane. Différents prétraitements chimiques, à savoir le N-méthylmorpholine-N-oxyde (NMMO), le procédé organosolv et un prétraitement alcalin à l'aide de NaOH ont été étudiés pendant plusieurs expériences en lots pour améliorer les rendements de production de biogaz différents peau, coquille de fève de cacao et paille de blé). Les changements dans la cristallinité de la cellulose, la valeur de rétention d'eau et la composition chimique ont été évalués pour mieux évaluer l'effet des différents prétraitements étudiés sur la structure lignocellulosique. En outre, l'addition de différentes doses de Fe, Co, Ni et Se sur la DA de paille de riz a été étudiée, évaluant l'influence de l'origine de l'inoculum, ainsi que la performance et l'effet synergique de la combinaison d'un prétraitement alcalin avec addition de trace éléments avant la DA de paille de riz. La biodisponibilité des OE lors des tests de potentiel de biométhane par lots a également été évaluée en appliquant une technique d'extraction séquentielle. Les trois prétraitements étudiés étaient des méthodes efficaces pour améliorer la production de biométhane à partir des LM utilisées. Le rendement en biométhane de la DA de paille de riz a augmenté de 82 et 41% respectivement après le NMMO et le prétraitement organosolv. Comparé à la même expérience, le prétraitement NMMO, organosolv et NaOH a permis d'améliorer la DA de la paille de blé, ce qui affecte différemment la composition chimique de la LM brute. Le rendement cumulatif de production de biométhane de 274 mL de CH4/g VS obtenu avec la paille de blé non traitée a été augmenté de 11% par le prétraitement du NMMO et de 15% par le prétraitement organosolv et alcalin. Les coquilles de noisettes et de fèves de cacao, qui n'avaient jamais été étudiées auparavant comme substrats AD, présentaient un bon potentiel de production de biogaz, avec des rendements cumulatifs de biométhane respectivement de 223-261 et 199-231 mL CH4/g VS pour les charges non traitées. Cependant, les prétraitements à la fois de NMMO et d'organosolv n'ont pas conduit à une amélioration significative des rendements de production de biométhane de ces deux LM. La supplémentation des OE n'a eu qu'un effet mineur par rapport aux méthodes de prétraitement. L'ajout de Fe, Co, Ni et Se n'a pas entraîné d'amélioration significative de la DA de paille de riz, alors que l'utilisation du prétraitement de NaOH au cours de la même expérimentation a provoqué une augmentation considérable de la DA, augmentant la production de biogaz de 21%. L'effet négligeable observé après la supplémentation des OE sur la paille de riz pourrait être lié à sa structure lignocellulosique complexe qui nécessite une amélioration de l'hydrolyse qui est l'étape limitanteBiogas production via anaerobic digestion (AD) is a long-standing renewable technology and a continuously growing bioprocess worldwide. Lignocellulosic materials (LMs) present several features that make them especially attractive among the organic substrates commonly employed in anaerobic bioreactors. In particular, LMs under the form of agricultural residues have been acknowledged as the most suitable feedstock for biomethane production due to their high availability, low cost, sustainability and no direct competition with food and feed production. However, their recalcitrance to biological conversion hinders their application for full-scale production of biogas and requires a pretreatment step to improve the LM microbial degradability. In addition to the challenges posed by the lignocellulosic structure, the supply of trace elements (TEs) has often been found insufficient within biogas digesters. The microbial growth depends on the availability and optimal amount of several specific TEs, which are essential constituents of cofactors in enzyme systems involved in the biochemistry of methane formation. Different chemical pretreatments, namely the solvent N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO), the organosolv process, and an alkaline pretreatment using NaOH, were investigated during several batch experiments to enhance the biogas production yields from different LMs (i.e. rice straw, hazelnut skin, cocoa bean shell and wheat straw). Changes in the cellulose crystallinity, water retention value and chemical composition were assessed to better evaluate the effect of the different pretreatments studied on the lignocellulosic structure. Furthermore, the addition of different doses of Fe, Co, Ni and Se on the AD of rice straw was studied, evaluating the influence of the inoculum origin, as well as the performance and synergistic effect of combining an alkaline pretreatment with the addition of trace elements prior to the AD of rice straw. The bioavailability of TEs during batch biomethane potential tests was also evaluated applying a sequential extraction technique. The three pretreatments investigated were effective methods for enhancing the biomethane production from the employed LMs. The biomethane yield from the AD of rice straw increased by 82 and 41% after the NMMO and organosolv pretreatment, respectively. When compared within the same experiment, the NMMO, organosolv and NaOH pretreatment were able to improve the AD of wheat straw, differently affecting the chemical composition of the raw LM. The cumulative biomethane production yield of 274 mL CH4/g VS obtained with the untreated wheat straw was enhanced by 11% by the NMMO pretreatment and by 15% by both the organosolv and alkaline pretreatment. Hazelnut skin and cocoa bean shell, which were never investigated before as AD substrates, showed a good potential for biogas production, with cumulative biomethane yields of 223-261 and 199-231 mL CH4/g VS, respectively, for the untreated feedstocks. However, both NMMO and organosolv pretreatments did not lead to a significant enhancement of the biomethane production yields from these two LMs. The TE supplementation had only a minor effect compared to the pretreatment methods. The addition of Fe, Co, Ni and Se did not result in a significant improvement of the AD of rice straw, whereas the use of the NaOH pretreatment, during the same batch experiment, caused a considerable enhancement of the AD, increasing the biogas production yield by 21%. The negligible effect observed after TE supplementation on the AD of rice straw could be linked to its complex lignocellulosic structure, which requires an enhancement of the hydrolysis, which, rather than the methanogenesis, is the rate-limiting step
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Wedraogo, Tarsida Nicolas. "Valorisation du biogaz par purification et par reformage." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0190/document.
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Les travaux réalisés au cours de cette thèse et présentés dans ce document ont permis d'étudier plusieurs voies de valorisation pour le biogaz issu du procédé de digestion anaérobie. Deux procédés innovants ont été testés pour obtenir du bio-méthane. Le premier est l'absorption dans une émulsion, où certaines phases organiques permettent l'amélioration des conditions de transfert. L'octanol et le toluène se montrent efficaces pour l'absorption du dioxyde de carbone même si le coefficient de transfert de matière côté liquide ne présente pas de variation importante. Les expériences réalisées permettent de montrer que selon les conditions interfaciales du système, la phase dispersée peut se répandre sur les bulles de gaz et participer directement à l'absorption. Le second procédé testé est un dispositif micro-structuré d'absorption qui présente de très bonnes capacités de transfert. Le micro-mélangeur Caterpillar (IMM) s'avère être un absorbeur performant, montrant des coefficients volumiques de transfert de matière côté liquide allant jusqu'à 0,5 s-1. La seconde option est la production de gaz de synthèse par reformage direct du biogaz. Le procédé de reformage au CO2 du méthane permet de convertir deux gaz à effet de serre en produits intéressants pour l'industrie chimique. Un réacteur en forme de canal carré de 1 mm de côté a été développé pour tester la réaction. Les résultats ont montré qu'une conversion totale des réactifs pouvait être obtenue pour une température supérieure à 700°C et un débit volumique de réactifs inférieur ou égal à 45 mL/minThe present work is focused on biogas valorization. Two innovative processes were investigated in order to obtain bio-methane. The first one is CO2 absorption into an emulsion where some organic phases are responsible for an improvement of the mass transfer. Among the product tested, octanol and toluene proved to be efficient for carbon dioxide absorption even if the liquid side volumetric mass transfer coefficient did not show important variations. Experiments showed that according to the interfacial properties of the system, the dispersed phase can spread over the gas bubbles and be involved in the transfer directly. The second process considered is a micro-structured device displaying excellent mass transfer characteristics. Initially designed for the mixing of fluids, the IMM Caterpillar micro-mixer, proved to be an efficient absorption device with liquid side volumetric mass transfer coefficients up to 0.5 s-1The second option is the production of syngas by direct reforming of the biogas. The dry methane reforming was extensively studied during the past few years since it can convert two greenhouse gases into valuable products for the chemical industries. A 1 mm side square channel reactor was designed in order to investigate the reaction. Results showed that a total reactant conversion could be achieved with a minimum temperature of 700°C and a maximum volumetric flowrate of 45 mL/min. The influence of feed composition was also assessed: a stoichiometric ratio is ideal for the reaction
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Shah, Bilal. "Distributed biogas production for biogas fuel." Thesis, KTH, Kraft- och värmeteknologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-218021.
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Lundberg, Olof, and Jacob Wesslén. "Development of Setup for Biotac Sensor." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-51842.
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This is a thesis project done on behalf of BillerudKornäs in collaboration with Örebro University in a research project investigating grip stiffness of carton board packages. This is of interest because a better understanding of it would allow optimizing of the packaging design and result in a better product. In this thesis the mission has been to develop a setup for a sensor enabling a method of testing on packages. This has been carried out as a product development project. After a preparation study a specification of requirements was written. With the use of this a number of concepts were generated. Through evaluation one concept was chosen for further development and built as a prototype model. The prototype did not work satisfactory at the end of the project but could with some improvements be useful in testing packages with the intended sensor.Detta är ett examensarbete utfört åt BillerudKorsnäs i samarbete med Örebro universitet inom ett forskningsprojekt där greppstyvhet hos kartongförpackningar undersöks. Det här är intressant eftersom att en djupare förståelse inom området skulle möjliggöra optimering av förpackningsdesignen och resultera i en bättre produkt. Uppgiften i detta examensarbete har varit att utveckla en testrigg för en sensor med syfte att möjliggöra en laborativ metod för att testa förpackningar. Detta har bedrivits som ett produktutvecklingsprojekt. Efter att en förstudie gjorts togs en kravspecifikation fram. Med hjälp utav vad som definierats i denna generades ett antal koncept. Genom utvärdering valdes ett koncept för vidareutveckling och byggdes sedan som prototypmodell. Prototypen fungerade inte tillfredställande vid projektets slut men skulle efter vissa förbättringar kunna vara användbar vid tester av förpackningar med den avsedda sensorn.
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Moral, Martín Francisco Javier. "Representación cinematográfica del artista plástico y biopic." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/4264.
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Más allá de la enumeración infinita de anécdotas atribuidas a los artistas plásticos (hummus sustancial sobre el que se ha levantado la extensa bibliografía al respecto), la tesis titulada Biopic y representación fílmica del artista plástico, pretende dar cuenta del modo en que dicho material es dispuesto en el film, evidenciar las elecciones y estrategias que operan hacia la institución del artista en cuanto sujeto discursivo, entidad que da forma a uno de los estereotipos identitarios más arraigados en la historia de occidente desde su aparición en la Antigüedad clásica. En ese sentido, la consideración biográfica funciona como el bisturí elegido en la acotación del corpus a tratar, elección operativa que supone la constitución de un subgénero respecto del género biopic (biographical picture) según un criterio temático: el personaje recreado es un artista plástico.
Biopic y representación fílmica del artista plástico se encuentra dividido en dos partes. La primera, compuesta por los dos primeros capítulos, se presenta como una somera aproximación al estado de la cuestión genérica, rastreando la compleja conceptualización del fenómeno, sus orígenes literarios y su aparición y desarrollo en el terreno cinematográfico. Poco se avanza en este apartado a propósito de una posible definición del biopic de artista salvo para cuestionar y delimitar operativamente algunas cuestiones teóricas que han dificultado la consideración biográfica desde una perspectiva genérica.
La segunda parte, compuesta por el resto de capítulos y constituida en sentido estricto en el núcleo de la investigación, se presenta como un ejercicio evaluativo del subgénero a partir de una doble perspectiva, teórica e histórica.Moral Martín, FJ. (2009). Representación cinematográfica del artista plástico y biopic [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/4264
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Peredo, Mancilla Joselin Deneb. "Adsorption and Separation of Carbon Dioxide for Biomethane Production : The Use of Activated Carbons." Thesis, Pau, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PAUU3012/document.
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Le biométhane est une source d'énergie verte qui, de part son coût et son faible impact environnemental, peut être considéré comme une alternative au gaz naturel et au diesel. La production d'énergie primaire par l'Union Européenne, à partir du biométhane, a été multipliée par 23 en cinq ans (2011-2016), ce qui rend nécessaire et urgent la recherche de nouvelles solutions performantes pour l’épuration du biogaz, notamment la séparation du dioxyde de carbone (CO2) du méthane (CH4).Dans ce contexte, l’objectif de ce travail doctoral porte sur la détermination des indicateurs de performances (capacité d’adsoprtion, sélectivité) de charbons actifs (CAs) dans le contexte de la séparation méthane/dioxyde de carbone pour la production de biométhane. A cette fin, les isothermes d'adsorption de CH4 et CO2 ont été déterminées à partir d’un dispositif manométrique d’adsorption. Les mesures ont été effectuées à des températures de 303 et 323 K pour des pressions variant de 0.1 à 3 MPa. Dans un premier temps, l’étude a porté sur 5 échantillons commerciaux de CA différents. Les résultats montrent une corrélation entre la surface spécifique et la quantité de dioxyde de carbone adsorbée. En outre, le volume microporeux a un impact significatif lors des processus d'adsorption du CO2 tandis que le volume des mésopores n'a pas d’effet direct.Par ailleurs, l'étude complémentaire d'isothermes d'adsorption du CH4 et du CO2 purs à l’aide de trois charbons actifs, issus de noyaux d’olive, activés par différentes méthodes de synthèse, révèle que la méthode d'activation est déterminante pour modifier les propriétés chimiques et structurales des charbons actifs et donc accroitre leurs propriétés d'adsorption.En outre, la sélectivité des CAs commerciaux pour la séparation CH4/ CO2 a été calculée à partir des isothermes d'adsorption du mélange équimolaire CH4/ CO2 à une température de 303 K et pour des pressions jusqu'à une pression de 3 MPa. Les résultats obtenus montrent qu’une surface spécifique élevée (< 1500 m2 g-1) facilite l'adsorption du CO2 mais réduit le facteur de sélectivité. En parallèle, une forte porosité conduit à une séparation moins efficace des deux gaz alors que la présence de groupes basiques en surface favorise les phénomènes d’adsorption du CO2.L'ensemble des résultats montre que les charbons actifs, étudiés dans ce travail de recherche, possèdent des propriétés d'adsorption comparables à celles des charbons actifs commerciaux et sont des matériaux compétitifs pour l'épuration du biogazBiomethane is a proven source of clean energy, it is one of the most cost-effective and environment-friendly substitute for natural gas and diesel. The European Union primary energy production from biomethane has folded by ~23 times in a 5 years time period (2011-2016) making necessary to find new and improved solutions for the separation of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2), main components of biogas. In this context, the objective of this doctoral thesis is the determination of performance indicators such as the adsorption capacity and selectivity of activated carbons (ACs) for the CH4/ CO2 separation. This work focuses on the adsorption properties of activated carbons for the methane/carbon dioxide separation. To this end, CH4 and CO2 pure gas experimental adsorption isotherms of activated carbons were obtained on a pressure range of 0.1 to 3 MPa) and temperatures ranging from 303 to 323 K. The first part of this thesis project consisted in the analysis of the CH4 and CO2 pure gas adsorption properties of 5 commercial activated carbons Using a set of five commercial activated carbons a linear relationship between the adsorbent surface area and the CO2 adsorption capacity was determined. The micropore volume also showed a direct influence on the adsorption capacity. The second part of this work consisted in the study of the carbon dioxide and methane adsorption behavior of biomass-based activated carbons. Using a series of 3 ACs that had been obtained from olive stones by different activation methods, the activation technique proved to be of mayor importance as it determines the textural and chemical properties of the adsorbent and thus its gas adsorption capacity.Lastly, the CH4/CO2 adsorption selectivity of the 5 commercial activated carbons was calculated from the equimolar mixture adsorption isotherms. The selectivity factor was proven to be dependent on the sum of textural and chemical properties of the samples. Although, activated carbons with high average pore sizes and surface areas depicted higher adsorbed quantities it was on detriment of their selectivity. The selectivity was found to be better for the activated carbon showing an intermediate surface area and a narrow pore size distribution. In addition, the presence of sulfur functionalities was also found to improve the adsorption selectivity. Overall, this work shows that activated carbons are competitive materials for the upgrading of biogas, displaying adsorption properties comparable to those of other commercially available materials
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Edwards, Nikita. "Bionic evolution." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/45285.
Full textAbstract:
Current toxic interactions between the systems of man,
nature and machine in the diamond mining town of
Cullinan are volatile and cannot be sustained. When the
mine and the main economic system regress, how can the
remaining dependent cultural and biophysical systems be
sustained and what can Cullinan become after the demise
of the machine? Impending deindustrialisation could
mean that Cullinan will be silenced and its associated
meaning and memory lost.
The architecture of the Age of the Machine represents
contemporary interactions between the biotic and
bionic where industrial buildings, and the introverted
town, reflect the dominance of the machine over nature.
The objective of this dissertation is to set a precedent for
place-responsive regenerative architecture within
a post-mining context that is inspired by local nature
and culture. An architecture that expresses a new
co-evolving mutualistic relationship between the existing
town and landscape (cultural and natural systems) will be
considered.
Programme: A local food hub
The intention of this dissertation is to address the future shift
of human communities and economic activities back to the
alignment and synergy with life processes. A bionic evolution
from the Age of the Machine, to the Age of Life is
explored.Dissertation (MArch(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2014.
Architecture
MArch(Prof)
Unrestricted
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Tcha-Thom, Maglwa. "Recherche d'une filière durable pour la méthanisation des déchets de fruits et d'abattoirs du Togo : Evaluation du potentiel agronomique des digestats sur les sols de la région de la Kara." Thesis, Limoges, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIMO0061/document.
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La digestion anaérobie, procédé d’énergie renouvelable, constitue un atout indéniable de récupération des flux matière et énergie des déchets en réponse aux enjeux du développement durable. Ainsi, la présente étude a pour objectif de contribuer à la compréhension des mécanismes qui gouvernent l’environnement réactionnel de digestion en anaérobie et les effets des digestats sur la matrice bio-physico-chimique des sols à vocation agricole. Le développement des tests de lixiviation en réacteurs contrôlés aérobie et anaérobie, les modes de mobilisation du contenu organo-minéral des substrats et la valorisation du biogaz pour l’équarrissage des bêtes ont été réalisés. Les verrous techniques et physico-chimiques entachant la digestion anaérobie des déchets d’ananas ont été levés et optimisés grâce à des co-substrats notamment les bouses de vache et les cendres. Les digestats ont été apportés sur des sols agricoles, des sols des zones de forêts et des milieux sans matière organique ni argiles et ont permis de déceler les limites d’utilisation des digestats et les interactions avec les fractions organiques et minérales du sol. Cette étude montre ainsi, l’importance de développer la filière de méthanisation pour une élimination durable des déchets organiquesAnaerobic digestion, a renewal energy process, constitutes an undeniable asset of material and energy flows recovering in response to sustainable development issues. Thus, the aim of this current study was to contribute to the understanding of mechanisms that govern the reactive environment of anaerobic digestion and the effects of digestates on the biophysico- chemical matrix of agricultural soils sector. The running of leaching tests in aerobic and anaerobic controlled reactors, organo-mineral mobilizations patterns of the substrates and the valorization of biogas in slaughtered animals knackering have been realized. The physicochemical and technical locks tarnishing the pineapple wastes anaerobic digestion have been lifted and optimized through the co-substrates including cattle manure and ashes. The digestates have been brought on agricultural soils, forests areas soils and medium free of organic matter and clays and allowed to detect the limits of digestates uses and the interactions with organic and mineral fractions of soils. This study, thus show, the importance to develop the anaerobic digestion sector for a sustainable removal of organic wastes
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Luneau, Mathilde. "Reformage autotherme de biogaz modèle sur des catalyseurs au nickel." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1129/document.
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L'hydrogène pourrait jouer un rôle prépondérant dans le domaine de l'énergie dans les années à venir. De nos jours, la production d'hydrogène provient majoritairement de ressources fossiles. En vue de l'impact néfaste de l'utilisation de ressources fossiles sur l'environnement, produire de l'hydrogène à partir de ressources renouvelables présente un grand intérêt. Dans cette étude, le reformage autotherme du biogaz, une source renouvelable de méthane, a été étudié sur des catalyseurs au nickel à 700°C et à pression atmosphérique. Cette étude porte sur un biogaz modèle composé à 60% de méthane et 40% de dioxyde de carbone mis en présence d'oxygène et de vapeur d'eau dans les proportions : 42% H2O, 14% CH4, 9% CO2, 7% O2 dilués dans l'argon. Dans un premier temps, un criblage de catalyseurs au nickel a été réalisé grâce à un montage composé de 6 réacteurs parallèles. L'outil a permis de montrer qu'un catalyseur bimétallique NiRh supporté sur un spinelle de magnésium était actif et très stable, montrant une conversion totale du méthane après 200h de réaction. L'équivalent de ce catalyseur sans Rh s'est désactivé après seulement 2h de réaction. Notre étude a démontré que cette désactivation était causée par la formation du spinelle de nickel, NiAl2O4. Cette formation est une conséquence des hautes températures présentes dans la zone de combustion qui induisent un désordre dans la structure cristalline du support et permettent, en présence de NiO, la diffusion de ions Ni2+ dans les lacunes du support. Enfin, une étude cinétique a été menée sur des catalyseurs structurés. Un modèle cinétique a été développé, permettant également de décrire le profil de désactivation causée par la perte de sites actifsHydrogen is expected to play an increasingly important role in the energy sector in the years to come. Nowadays, hydrogen is mainly produced from fossil fuels. The extensive use of fossil fuels is unsustainable and therefore, hydrogen production from renewable sources is of great interests. Autothermal reforming of biogas, a renewable source of methane, was studied over nickel catalysts at 700°C and at atmospheric pressure. This study focused on model biogas composed of 60% methane and 40% carbon dioxide, reacting with oxygen and steam respecting the composition: 42% H2O, 14% CH4, 9% CO2, 7% O2 diluted in argon. First and foremost, a screening of different catalyst compositions was carried out with a six parallel-flow reactor set-up. This high-throughput technology showed that a NiRh bimetallic catalyst supported on magnesium spinel was active and very stable, still fully converting methane after 200 hours of reaction. On the other hand, its noble-metal free equivalent deactivated after only 2 hours. Our study showed that deactivation was caused by the formation of nickel spinel NiAl2O4. Its formation is a consequence of the exothermicity of the combustion reaction taking place at the catalyst inlet. The high temperatures induce a disorder in the crystal structure of the support and, in presence of NiO, Ni2+ ions can then diffuse into the vacancies of the support. The inactive NiAl2O4 phase is formed. Finally, a kinetic study was performed on structured catalysts. A kinetic model was developed, which also allowed the description of the deactivation profile caused by the loss of active sites
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Aue, Gabriela. "The Possibilities for Biogas in Bolivia : Symbioses Between Generators of Organic Residues, Biogas Producers and Biogas Users." Thesis, KTH, Energi och klimatstudier, ECS, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-37003.
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This master thesis investigates the potential use of biogas from organic residues in the area of the cities of La Paz and El Alto in Bolivia. The two cities have currently a contamination problem and biogas emerges as opportunity for both waste management and energy generation. There are approximately 274 500 tonnes/year of residue that can be used to produce biogas. This amount of residue can generate approximately 33,500,000 m3 of biogas. The advantages and disadvantages of five different digester types (the smaller tubular digester, the fixed dome digester, the floating drum digester and the bigger German AEV digester and a Swedish digester) were investigated to see if they could be an option for use in Bolivia. The German AEV digester is better when compared to the Swedish unit from Flotech in case a larger biogas digester would be implemented. Among the smaller digesters, the tubular digester already has access to the necessary resources and knowledge, and they can be operated at a cheap price. The fixed dome digester and the floating drum digester are not used in Bolivia at present, and there is no knowledge in the country about how to implement them. There are technical, social and economic issues related to an eventual installation of a big digester in Bolivia including transportation logistics and costs, how to motivate the population to sort out the different residues, and also the state subvention of natural gas production that lowers the price of biogas required to make it competitive. To see if it is economically viable to build a functional biogas generator for this area, economic data were compared. The analysis shows that the fixed dome and floating drum digester are much better economic investment than the tube digester. The bigger digesters are economically viable without financial aid if there is a market for the by- product fertiliser in Bolivia. The data for this analyse also shows that the conditions that exist today in Bolivia make it economically viable to invest in a bigger digester but only the fixed dome and the floating drum digester are economically viable without a market from the fertiliserMFS
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Jacobsen, Forsberg Ida-Renée. "Biogas from Livestock Manure : Microbial Community Analysis of Biogas Reactors." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for bioteknologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-19391.
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The aim of this experiment was to monitor the microbial communities in two biogas reactors and evaluate the efficiency of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) as a technique for visualizing shifts in the microbial compositions. The reactors were followed from September 2011 to May 2012. The first reactor is a pilot scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor situated at Foss farm outside of Porsgrunn, running on cow manure. The second reactor is lab scale and situated at Telemark University College, running on pig manure. Samples were taken from the reactors at regular intervals. DNA was extracted from the samples and amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The primers were 338f and 518r, targeting the 16S rDNA sequence. Changes in the microbial diversity were detected by DGGE in both reactors. Some bands appeared and other disappeared during the period. These changes could not be correlated to changes in operating conditions. This was probably because DGGE reflects cell amounts and not microbe activity levels. DGGE is a highly reproducible and consistently performing fingerprinting technique. It is capable of reflecting long term shifts in the microbial communities and several samples can be compared in one gel. This makes DGGE an effective method for monitoring reactors over time. Several DGGE bands were excised and sequenced, but the results were either negative, or of too poor quality, for further analysis. The probable cause was insufficient separation of bands leading to multiple sequences in the extracted DNA. This may be overcome by using a more specific primer set to reduce the amount of bands.
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Karlsson, Jonas. "Modeling and simulation of existing biogas plants with SIMBA#Biogas." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Teknisk biologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-138638.
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The main purpose of this project was an attempt to modulate and simulate two existing biogas plant, situated in Lidköping and Katrineholm, Sweden and evaluate how the process reacts to certain conditions regarding feeding, layout and substrate mixture. The main goal was to optimize the existing processes to better performance. Both the modeling and simulation were executed in SIMBA#Biogas with accordance to the real conditions at the plant in question. The simulation of each model was validated against data containing measurements of, CH4 yield, CH4 production, TS, VS, NH4-N concentration and N-total concentration. The data was obtained from each plant in accordance with scheduled follow ups. Both models were statistically validated for several predictions. Predictions of N-total and NH4-N concentration failed for some cases. Both plants were tested with new process lay outs, where promising results were obtained. The Lidköping model was provided with a post-hygienization step to handle ABPs. The Katrineholm model was provided with a dewatering unit, where 35% of the centrate was recirculated back to the system. Both setups was configured to yield the highest CH4 production. This study suggests that SIMBA#Biogas can be a tool for predictions and optimizations of the biogas process.
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Rojas, Devia Carolina. "Biogaz en vue de son utilisation en production d'énergie : séparation des siloxanes et du sulfure d'hydrogène." Phd thesis, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00824324.
Full textAbstract:
Ce travail présente une étude de procédé de traitement des siloxanes et de l'H2S appliqué à la purification des biogaz. Une approche bibliographique montre l'intérêt de développer de nouveaux procédés de traitement à faible coût pouvant s'intégrer facilement dans une filière complète de purification des biogaz. Une partie de l'étude est consacrée aux possibilités de traitement par transfert gaz-liquide dans des huiles. Cette technique est comparée à un procédé plus classique de traitement par adsorption sur charbon actif. Les résultats ont montré que ces 2 techniques étaient complémentaires, l'absorption dans une huile utilisée pour le traitement de fortes concentrations et l'adsorption sur charbon actif en traitement definition. Une autre partie de l'étude a été consacrée au traitement de l'H2S. Les niveaux d'abattement requis étant de plus en plus bas, l'approche choisie est celle d'un traitement definition en complément des traitements principaux classiques. Le procédé étudié est celui d'un système par physi-adsorption sur charbon actif en tissu pre-humidifié. Celui-ci est régénéré in situ par chauffage électrique direct et mise en dépression du réacteur. L'étude des conditions opératoires a permis d'établir des paramètres de régénération et des conditions de traitement permettant de réaliser des cycles pérenne. L'intérêt réside ici dans les conditions douces de température et de pression utilisées pour la régénération.
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Arrata, Irene Jeanne Marie. "Towards bionic proteins." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/17171/.
Full textAbstract:
De novo design of foldamers is a current challenge in chemical biology. Overcoming it is essential in order to expand the protein toolbox and access “bionic proteins”, i.e. proteins comprising non-natural segments, with enhanced biological functions. Since the alpha-helix represents the most abundant motif in protein structure, alpha-helix mimicry is a key approach to building foldamers and a stepping-stone towards generating bionic proteins. The current state-of-the-art on bottom-up foldamer synthesis for the mimicry of alpha-helices is described in Chapter 1. The Wilson Group focuses on aromatic oligoamide proteomimetics for the modulation of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) involved in known diseases. The work presented in this thesis aimed at building a basis towards the elaboration of bionic proteins, by proving that such proteomimetics can be used to build novel 3-dimensional constructs. 3-O-alkylated and N-alkylated oligobenzamides with complementary charged side-chains were designed to produce self-assembling foldamers. The synthesis and conformational study of dimers and trimers is reported in Chapter 2. This forms the groundwork towards generating proteomimetic-based coiled coils. An Affimer is a non-antibody-based scaffold, used in tandem with phage display. A small library of biotinylated N-alkylated proteomimetic inhibitors of p53/hDM2 was screened against an Affimer library. The investigation of the Affimer/foldamer interactions are reported in Chapter 3. Taken together, these results demonstrate that aromatic oligoamides are suitable building blocks for producing non-natural peptide sequences in order to generate bionic proteins.
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Lysoň, Jakub. "Bezdrátový modul akcelerometru." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-220876.
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This master’s thesis describes a wireless accelerometer module. The aim of this work was to study the properties and involvement of the accelerometer, wireless module design for data transfering from the accelerometer to the PC and the module implementation. As a wireless device is used bluetooth module that enables communication between the product and the computer. The wireless module used rechargable lithium ion battery that helps keep module alive without adapter or net cable.
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Liu, Yang. "Greenalgae as a substrate for biogas production - cultivation and biogas potentials." Thesis, Linköping University, Linköping University, Department of Water and Environmental Studies, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-57987.
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Algae is regarded as a good potential substrate for biogas production, due to high cells productivity, low cellulose and zero lignin content. Two parts were included in this study: first, cultivations of micro-algae (Chlorella sorokiniana and Tetraselmis suecica) at two different nitrate concentrations, also the effect of addition of CO2 on algae grow was investigated in this first part. Second, batch fermentations of the cultivated micro-algae as well as a powder Chlorella (obtained from Raw Food Shop) and a dry mix filamentous algae (collected in the pounds in the park at the back of the Tema-building and then dried) were performed. In this part also effects of thermo-lime pretreatment (room temperature, 80oC, 105oC and 120oC) on the algae biogas potentials was investigated.
Both strains of micro-algae cultured at low nitrate gave more CH4 yield: 319 (±26) mL and 258 (±12) mL CH4 per added gVS was obtained during the degradation of Chlorella sorokiniana grown at 0.4mM-N and 2mM-N level, respectively. For Tetraselmis suecica 337 (±37) mL and 236 (±20) mL CH4 per added gVS was obtained at 2.4mM-N and 12mM-N level, respectively. Powder Chlorella gave the highest biogas production (719 ±53 mL/added gVS) and CH4 yields (392 ±14 mL/added gVS), followed by the dry filamentous algae (661 ±20 mL biogas and 295 ±9 mL CH4 per added gVS) and Tetraselmis suecica (12 mM-N; 584 ±7 mL biogas and 295 ±9 mL CH4 per added gVS).
A negative effect of lime treatment at room temperature on CH4 yield of algal biomass was obtained. Lime treatment at 120oC showed the fastest degradation rate for Tetraselmis suecica and powder Chlorella during the initial 5 days of incubation.
Chlorella sorokiniana and Tetraselmis suecica cultures flushed with biogas containing 70% and also CO2 enriched air (5% CO2) did not increase cells growth (measured as OD600) if compared to references grown under air. On the contrary, a clearly inhibition effect on the algal cells growth was observed in some cultures.
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Laperrière, Wendy. "Évaluation des limites d'un digesteur biogaz pour une utilisation flexible dans un réseau local de production d'énergie." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT068/document.
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Avec l’augmentation de la part des énergies renouvelables intermittentes (solaire et éolien) dans les mix énergétiques, des problèmes dans la stabilité de la fourniture d’électricité peuvent se présenter. La solution pour compenser ces fluctuations réside dans la production flexible de biogaz. Le biogaz peut en effet être stocké puis utilisé en période de demande; sa production doit donc être assurée de manière flexible, contrairement à ce qui est fait actuellement sur la majorité des digesteurs. L’objectif de la thèse était d’étudier et de déterminer les limites de digesteurs biogaz en fonctionnement flexible. Trois réacteurs de 15L, alimentés avec trois mélanges différents de deux substrats solides, ont été alimentés pendant 550 jours en fonctionnement flexible. Il a été démontré au cours de cette thèse que le fonctionnement flexible avec des surcharges organiques ponctuelles n’avait aucune incidence négative à long terme sur la production de méthane. La flexibilité instantanée a été définie comme la marge entre le maximum de production sur un réacteur et sa production de base. Elle a été fortement influencée par la charge de base du réacteur et par les cinétiques de dégradation des substrats utilisés en surcharge, mais très peu par l’intensité des surcharges appliquées. L’utilisation de substrats rapidement dégradables en surcharge a permis d’atteindre un maximum de production de 1 à 1,2 LCH4/Lréacteur.j dans les premières 24 heures, même sur des réacteurs alimentés de base avec du fumier, conduisant à des flexibilités allant de +92 à +150%. Ce plafond dépend de la vitesse d’hydrolyse des substrats et il peut être relevé en utilisant des composés plus simples à dégrader en surcharge (type glycérol). Un mode opératoire prêt à être validé sur des installations pilote a été défini ; il précise la démarche à suivre pour la détermination du maximum de production et le niveau de la charge de base à adopter, pour une flexibilisation optimale de la production de méthane sur les CSTR. Un modèle simple, basé sur deux vitesses de dégradation, a également été développé et proposé pour simuler un fonctionnement flexible sur un réacteurWith the increasing share of intermittent renewable energies in the electricity mix, some stability problems are expected in the grid. The solution consists in using biogas as buffer energy. Biogas can be stored, then used on-demand. As the storage is limited, biogas production should be flexible. The aim of this thesis was to study and determine the limits of anaerobic reactors in a flexible operation. Three 15L reactors, fed with three different mixtures of two solid substrates, were fed for 550 days in flexible operation. It was demonstrated in this thesis that flexible operation with one-off overloads had no negative impact on methane production on long-term. The flexibility was defined as the margin between the maximum production on a reactor and its baseload production. It was strongly influenced by the baseload of the reactor and the substrates used in overloads, but not by the intensity of the overloads applied. The use of readily degradable substrates in overloads allowed a maximum production of 1 to 1.2 LCH4/Lreactor.d to be achieved in the first 24 hours, even in reactors fed mainly with manure, leading to flexibility ranging from +92 to + 150%. This ceiling depends on the rate of hydrolysis of the substrates. It can be increased by using compounds that are of a simpler structure (glycerol for example). An operational strategy ready to be validated on pilot plants has been defined; it specifies the approach for the determination of the maximum production and the level of the baseload to be adopted, for an optimal flexibilization of the methane production on CSTRs. A simple model, based on two degradation rates, has also been developed to simulate flexible operation of anaerobic reactors
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Robinson, M. "Mapping the British biopic : evolution, conventions, reception and masculinities." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2016. http://eprints.uwe.ac.uk/29205/.
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This thesis offers a revaluation of the British biopic, which has often been subsumed into the broader ‘historical film’ category, identifying a critical neglect despite its successful presence throughout the history of the British film industry. It argues that the biopic is a necessary category because producers, reviewers and cinemagoers have significant investments in biographical subjects, and because biopics construct a ‘public history’ for a broad audience. This thesis provides a timeline of British biopics released from 1900 to 2014, constructing an historical overview of the continuities and shifts the genre has undergone. It also constructs an assessment of the representation of masculinity in the biopic, including detailed textual readings of representations of masculinity in biopics released between 2005 and 2014. This rectifies the critical neglect of masculinity in the biopic, despite the majority of biopics being about men. Following a critique of existing critical approaches to the biopic, including the viability of applying American paradigms to the biopic as a whole, subsequent chapters analyse the major aspects of the British biopic: a history of the production and reception of biopics and a survey of the biopic’s conventions. An inter-chapter introduces the nature of representations of masculinity in the British biopic using specific paradigmatic examples and the final two chapters focus on a detailed analysis of the representation of masculinity in particular films from the contemporary period which are mapped onto contemporaneous understandings of masculinity. One chapter considers the diversity of homosocial representations and those depicting ‘wounded’ men; the other discusses the ways in which selected films depict wounded men rehabilitated through supportive homosocial bonds. The thesis makes a contribution to knowledge in three ways: 1) an understanding and analysis of the biopic, a genre that has attracted few studies; 2) an historical overview of the British biopic which has not yet been attempted; 3) a detailed analysis of the representation of masculinity in the British biopic which, the thesis argues, is a distinctive and largely neglected aspect. The thesis argues that the British biopic has specifically national characteristics and that these patterns offer evidence of a profound difference between British and American paradigms.
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Chamaa, Mohamad Amr. "Couplage de la méthanisation et des électrotechnologies : intentisification de la production de biogaz et du séchage du digestat." Thesis, Lorient, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORIS463/document.
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La limitation de la production de biogaz liée aux substrats mobilisables à faible potentiel méthanogène et, les contraintes d’épandage qui conduisent au séchage du digestat, en vue de sa stabilisation ou de son transport, sont deux enjeux pour le développement du procédé de méthanisation. L’effet de la désintégration cellulaire induite par un prétraitement par Champs Électriques Pulsés (CEP) sur la production de biogaz a été évalué sur différents substrats. L’intensité de champ appliqué a varié entre 500 et 3600 V∙cm-1 et les indices de désintégration cellulaire correspondants ont été calculés. L’influence du prétraitement par CEP sur la production de méthane en réacteur batch de 500 mL a été étudiée en utilisant la méthodologie des plans d’expériences et en intégrant différents modes de préparation (taille de particules, préchauffage, hygiénisation). Les résultats obtenus montrent que le traitement CEP peut significativement intensifier la production de biogaz (+5,2 à +12,5 % de CH4). Pour le séchage des digestats, un système de séchage convectif par air chaud à température modérée (40 à 70°C) a été utilisé. D’une part, les effets de la vitesse d’air et de la température de séchage ont été étudiés. D’autre part, les effets de prétraitements par CEP, par micro-ondes, et après un cycle de congélation/décongélation ont également été testés. Nous avons identifié, en utilisant la seconde loi de Fick, les coefficients effectifs de diffusion et conclu à l’inefficacité des CEP pour le séchage des digestats et dans les conditions de séchage testéesThe limitation of the biogas production related to the accessibility of the substrates with a low biochemical methane potential, as well as the constraints of spreading which lead to the drying of the digestate, in order to stabilize or to transport the dried digestate, are two issues for the development of the methanisation process. The cellular disintegration’s effect induced by Pulsed Electrical Field (PEF) pretreatment on biogas production is evaluated on different substrates. The applied field’s strength is varied between 500 and 3600 V/cm and the corresponding cell disintegration index were calculated. The influence of PEF pretreatment on methane production was examined in a 500 mL batch reactor using the experimental design methodology and integrating different methods of preparation (size of particles, preheating, hygenisation). The obtained results show that PEF treatment can significantly increase the biogas production (+5.2 to +12.5% CH4). For the drying of the digestates, a convective drying system with hot air at a moderate temperature (40 to 70°C) is used. On the one hand, the effects of air velocity and drying temperature are evaluated. On the other hand, the effects of pre-processing by PEF, by microwaves, and after a freeze thawing cycle were also tested. Using the second Fick's law, the effective diffusion coefficients are identified and it was concluded that PEFs are ineffective for drying the digestates under the tested drying conditions
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Daoud, Yessmine. "Analyse de modèles de la digestion anaérobie : applications à la modélisation et au contrôle des bioréacteurs." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTS050/document.
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Cette thèse porte sur l’analyse mathématique de différents modèles de la digestion anaérobie. Dans la première partie, nous étudions un modèle à quatre étapes avec dégradation enzymatique du substrat (matière organique) qui peut être sous forme solide. Nous étudions l’effet de l’hydrolyse sur le comportement du processus de la digestion anaérobie et de la production du biogaz (méthane et hydrogène). Nous considèrons, dans un premier modèle, que l’hydrolyse se fait d’une manière enzymatique, alors que dans un second, nous supposons qu’elle est réalisée par un compartiment microbien. Les modèles considérés incluent l’inhibition de croissance des bactéries acétogènes, méthanogènes hydrogénétrophes et acétoclastes par plu- sieurs substrats. Pour étudier l’effet de ces inhibitions en présence de l’étape de l’hydrolyse, nous étudions dans un premier temps un modèle sans inhibition. Nous déterminons les équilibres et nous donnons des conditions nécessaires et suffisantes pour leur stabilité. L’existence et la stabilité des équilibres sont illustrées avec des diagrammes opératoires. Nous montrons que le modèle avec hydrolyse enzymatique change la production du méthane et d’hydrogène. En outre, l’introduction du com- partiment hydrolytique microbien donne de nouveaux équilibres et affecte les régions de stabilité. Nous prouvons que la production de biogaz est maximale en un seul point d’équilibre selon les paramètres opératoires et nous déterminons le taux maxi- mal de biogaz produit, dans chaque cas. Dans la deuxième partie, nous nous sommes intéressés à un modèle à deux étapes décrivant les phases de l’acétogénèse et de la méthanogénèse hydrogénotrophe. Le modèle représente une relation de syntrophie entre deux espèces microbiennes (les bactéries acétogènes et méthanogènes hydro- génotrophes), avec deux substrats à l’entrée (l’acide gras volatile et l’hydrogène), incluant les termes de mortalité et l’inhibition de croissance des bactéries acéto- gènes par un excès d’hydrogène dans le système. L’analyse de l’existence et de la stabilité des équilibres du modèle donne naissance à un nouvel équilibre qui peut être stable selon les paramètres opératoires du système. En utilisant les diagrammes opératoires, on remarque que, quelle que soit la région de l’espace considérée, il existe un seul équilibre localement exponentiellement stable. Cette étude est géné- ralisée dans le cas où la croissance des bactéries méthanogènes hydrogénotrophes est inhibée. Ce modèle donne naissance à deux équilibres strictement positifs et une bistabilité. Nous illustrons, en utilisant les diagrammes opératoires l’effet de cette inhibition sur la réduction des régions de coexistence et l’émergence de régions de bistabilitéThis PhD thesis focuses on the mathematical analysis of different anaerobic digestion (AD) models. In a first part, we study a 4-step model with enzymatic degradation of the substrate (organic matter) that can partly be under a solid form. We investigate the effects of hydrolysis on the behavior of the AD process and the production of biogas (namely, the methane and the hydrogen). We consider, in a first model, that the microbial enzymatic activity is constant, then we take into consideration an explicit hydrolytic microbial compartment for the substrate biodegradation. The considered models include the inhibition of acetogens, hydroge- notrophic methanogens and acetoclastic methanogens growth bacteria. To examine the effects of these inhibitions in presence of a hydrolysis step, we first study an inhibition-free model. We determine the steady states and give sufficient and neces- sary conditions for their stability. The existence and stability of the steady states are illustrated by operating diagrams. We prove that modeling the hydrolysis phase by a constant enzymatic activity affects the production of methane and hydrogen. Furthermore, introducing the hydrolytic microbial compartment yields new steady states and affects the stability regions. We prove that the biogas production occurs at only one of the steady states according to the operating parameters and state variables and we determine the maximal rate of biogas produced, in each case. In the second part, we are interested in a reduced and simplified model of the AD pro- cess. We focus on the acetogenesis and hydrogenetrophic methanogenesis phases. The model describes a syntrophic relationship between two microbial species (the acetogenic bacteria and the hydrogenetrophic methanogenic bacteria) with two in- put substrates (the fatty acids and the hydrogen) including both decay terms and inhibition of the acetogenic bacteria growth by an excess of hydrogen in the sys- tem. The existence and stability analysis of the steady states of the model points out the existence of a new equilibrium point which can be stable according to the operating parameters of the system. By means of operating diagrams, we show that, whatever the region of space considered, there exists only one locally exponentially stable steady state. This study is generalized to the case where the growth of the hydrogenetrophic methanogens bacteria is inhibited. This model exhibits a rich be- havior with the existence of two positive steady states and bistability. We illustrate by means of operating diagrams the effect of this inhibition on the reduction of the coexistence region and the emergence of a bistability region
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Neumann, Torsten, Uwe Hofmann, and Gennadi Zikoridse. "Formaldehydemissionen aus Biogas-BHKW." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-ds-1238153284896-83443.
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Abgasemissionsmessungen an Biogasanlagen-BHKW zeigten Überschreitungen des gemäß TA Luft festgelegten Formaldehydgrenzwertes. Ursache sind unvollständig ablaufende Verbrennungsprozesse. Die Biogasqualität, die Motorabstimmung und die Motorenwartung sind dabei von entscheidender Bedeutung. Für die vorliegende Schriftenreihe wurden vorhandene Messergebnisse von 97 BHKW im Hinblick auf mögliche Einflüsse und Korrelationen zwischen Biogaserzeugungsprozessen, Methangehalt, BHKW-Spezifikationen, Motorprozesse und der Wartung auf die Bildung von Formaldehyd untersucht. In die Auswertung gingen neben vorhandenen Messberichten, Datenblätter von sächsischen Anlagenbetreibern und Messergebnisse aus Thüringen ein. Im Ergebnis aller Untersuchungen stellt die Studie sechs Maßnahmenvorschläge zur Minderung der Formaldehydemissionen aus Biogas-BHKW vor.
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Hedström, Lars. "Fuel Cells and Biogas." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Energiprocesser, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-13219.
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This thesis concerns biogas-operated fuel cells. Fuel cell technology may contribute to more efficient energy use, reduce emissions and also perhaps revolutionize current energy systems. The technology is, however, still immature and has not yet been implemented as dominant in any application or niche market. Research and development is currently being carried out to investigate whether fuel cells can live up to their full potential and to further advance the technology. The research of thesis contributes by exploring the potential of using fuel cells as energy converters of biogas to electricity. The work includes results from four different experimental test facilities and concerns experiments performed at cell, stack and fuel cell system levels. The studies on cell and stack level have focused on the influence of CO, CO2 and air bleed on the current distribution during transient operation. The dynamic response has been evaluated on a single cell, a segmented cell and at stack level. Two fuel cell systems, a 4 kW PEFC system and a 5 kW SOFC system have been operated on upgraded biogas. A significant outcome is that the possibility of operating both PEFCs and SOFCs on biogas has been established. No interruptions or rapid performance loss could be associated with the upgraded biogas during operation. From the studies at cell and stack level, it is clear that CO causes significant changes in the current distribution in a PEFC; air bleed may recover the uneven current distribution and also the drop in cell voltage due to CO and CO2 poisoning. The recovery of cell performance during air bleed occurs evenly over the electrode surface even when the O2 partial pressure is far too low to fully recover the CO poisoning. The O2 supplied to the anode reacts on the anode catalyst and no O2 was measured at the cell outlet for air bleed levels up to 5 %. Reformed biogas and other gases with high CO2 content are thus, from dilution and CO-poisoning perspectives, suitable for PEFC systems. The present work has enhanced our understanding of biogas-operated fuel cells and will serve as basis for future studies.QC20100708
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Schneider, Ralf L. "Biologische Entschwefelung von Biogas." kostenfrei, 2007. http://mediatum2.ub.tum.de/doc/615628/615628.pdf.
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Vassiliou, Christophoros Christou. "Biopsy-implantable chemical sensor." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84898.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2013.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 189-198).
There is a dire need for tools that can rapidly detect cancer treatment efficacy. A cancer patient must endure the side effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. It will be weeks before a change in the size of the tumor can be observed and the oncologist has the information necessary to determine whether treatment is working. Valuable time is lost searching for the right treatment and the right dose. This thesis presents a sensor that can be implanted inside the body during a biopsy procedure and wirelessly report on the tissue environment. The sensor has direct access and can track metabolic markers, such as pH and oxygen, which have been shown to predict outcome, dose, and response to cancer treatment. These markers cannot be measured anywhere else except directly inside the tissue, and this sensor provides that access. The probe allows for repeat, non-invasive measurement of the same location after the initial biopsy. The sensor consists of a small nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) probe that has a cavity filled with a contrast agent sensitive to the chemical of interest. An NMR relaxation measurement of the contrast agent reveals the chemical concentration. Wireless NMR measurements are performed with the aid of a reader probe that resides outside of the body. The reader generates the excitation pulses and receives the NMR signal. The sensor and reader have a mutual inductance that enables the wireless measurement. The resonant coupling allows wireless NMR measurements with enhanced signal-to-noise ratio. The field inside the sensor is amplified compared to the surrounding tissue. The amplification localizes the measurement to the sensor and eliminates any signal from the surrounding tissue. The coupled reader-sensor performs standard NMR relaxation measurements. A method is presented to produce the sensors in large numbers, and the sensors are tested in vivo. The probe is designed to be implanted during a routine procedure and would be no more invasive than existing clinical practice. The measurements can track tumor progression and guide therapy before any physical changes can be observed, and the patient can receive the right treatment as soon as possible.
by Christophoros C. Vassiliou.
Ph.D.
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McLeod, Andrew. "Biogas enhancement with membranes." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2014. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/9332.
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Biogas is generated during anaerobic digestion (AD) of sewage sludge at wastewater treatment works (WWTW) and consists of approximately 50-70 % methane (CH4) balanced primarily by carbon dioxide (CO2). It is commonly used directly as a fuel gas for the renewable generation of electricity on-site by combined heat and power (CHP) engines. However, as a result of governmental incentivisation, biogas possesses a greater value when applied to the national gas grid as a natural gas substitute. However, this requires enhancement of the CH4 content to that comparable to natural gas by selective removal of CO2; a process known as biogas upgrading. This thesis explores the potential of hydrophobic micro-porous hollow fibre membrane contactors (HFMCs) to biogas upgrading. HFMCs allow non-dispersive contact between the biogas and a liquid solvent for the preferential absorption of CO2, which is conventionally facilitated by packed-column gas scrubbing technology. However, recent gas absorption literature has demonstrated many practical and operational advantages of HFMCs, which suggests they may be effective for biogas upgrading at WWTW. In this thesis, HFMCs were used to explore the mechanism and controllability of the undesirable co-absorption of CH4, known as methane slip. This was found to be attributable to the phase limiting mass transfer, with liquid-limited physical absorption in water exhibited 5.2 % slip whereas gas-limited chemical absorption displayed just 0.1 %. Ammonia-rich wastewaters were investigated as sustainable chemical absorbents using HFMCs and exhibited comparable chemically enhanced absorption to analogue synthetic ammonia solutions. The recovery of the subsequent reaction product (ammonium bicarbonate) by crystallisation facilitated by the membrane was also examined. The potential of this approach was summarised within two hypothetical wastewater flowsheets, where upgrading using a return liquor absorbent acts as a return liquor treatment and where ion exchange allows 100 % application of wastewater derived ammonia to biogas upgrading. These both offered potential economic advantages versus conventional flowsheets with 100 % biogas application to CHP.
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Nilsson, Snarberg Isak, and Gustav Petersson. "Energikartläggning av More Biogas." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Sjöfartshögskolan (SJÖ), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-69517.
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I denna studie utförs energikartläggning av biogasanläggningen More Biogas. Anläggningens energiförbrukning kartläggs, sammanställs och visas i en modell konstruerad i Microsoft Excel. Genom att ändra frekvensen för komponenter kan modellen beräkna flöden och effektbehov i processen. För att utvärdera de resultat som modellen presenterar, testas modellen genom att anläggningens verkliga driftsituation efterliknas vid två separat tillfällen. Modellens resultat jämförs med den verkliga energiförbrukningen och avvikelser diskuteras. Ramarna för kartläggningen var att endast använda sig av enkla medel som går att hitta i de flesta verkstäder samt befintlig övervakningsutrustning. Resultatet som presenterades av modellen gällande elförbrukningen hamnade cirka 17-25% under uppmätt elkonsumtion men då kartläggningen avgränsats i storlek är resultatet rimligt. Studien visar att energikartläggning är möjligt att utföra med enkla medel men för att avvikelser ska bli så små som möjligt krävs mer tid.This study examines the energy consumption of the biogas production plant More Biogas. The energy usage of the facility is mapped, and the data is used to construct a model of the site in Microsoft Excel where flowrates and energy requirements are calculated based on set frequency of individual components. To see if the calculated result of the model can be considered valid, the model is tested by replicating the plants operation at two separate occasions. The result presented by the model is then compared to the actual measured energy consumption and the difference between the results is discussed. The boundaries for the mapping process was to only use the control system on site and simple tools that could be found in most workshops. Results presented by the model concerning the electric power consumption fell short of the measured value by 17-25 % but because the energy mapping is limited in that it did not cover all the areas of the site, the results may still be considered valid. The study show that an energy mapping of an existing industrial process is possible with only simple tools but the task of making the results match real values as much as possible, requires more time.
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Chottier, Claire. "Composés Organiques Volatils du Silicium et sulfure d'hydrogène - Analyse - Traitement - Impact sur la valorisation des biogaz." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00715818.
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Le biogaz fait partie des stratégies de diversifications des énergies renouvelables à l'échelle européenne. Un des freins technico-économiques à la valorisation en moteur thermique est la formation de dépôts abrasifs résultant de la combustion d'impuretés contenues dans les biogaz notamment les Composés Organiques Volatils du Silicium (COVSi communément appelés siloxanes) qui pénalisent le fonctionnement et les coûts de maintenance associés. L'impact négatif sur la filière est conséquent, de même que celui du sulfure d'hydrogène (H2S). Les recherches, articulées en 3 axes, sont développées avec la volonté de prendre en compte la réalité industrielle : -Analyse de dépôts moteurs prélevés sur plusieurs sites industriels. Ils sont caractérisés par analyses élémentaire, diffraction des rayons X, microcalorimétrie et microscopie électronique. L'objectif est de réfléchir à la possibilité d'utiliser les caractéristiques physico-chimiques d'un dépôt comme un indicateur de la qualité du biogaz dont il est issu. -Comparatif de deux méthodes d'analyses des COVSi, non seulement concernant les biais analytiques liés à la nature même des composés, mais aussi sur les difficultés liées aux prélèvements de biogaz sur site. Les résultats permettent d'appréhender les valeurs absolues des résultats analytiques avec plus de recul et de les pondérer. -Evaluation de traitements épuratoires du biogaz vis-à-vis des COVSi et d'H2S. Un comparatif des performances de plusieurs charbons actifs est réalisé au laboratoire en conditions contrôlées, et sur le terrain. Un réacteur de traitement gaz-liquide est testé sur biogaz réel pour en apprécier les performances vis-à-vis de certains COVSi. L'ensemble de cette étude permet de réfléchir sur la pertinence du choix des critères de qualité d'un biogaz, mais aussi sur les méthodes analytiques d'évaluation de ces critères. Ce dernier point est fondamental pour toute mise en œuvre et dimensionnement d'un système de traitement épuratoire.
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Brost, Molly. "Mining the Past: Performing Authenticity in the Country Music Biopic." Bowling Green, Ohio : Bowling Green State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1210877250.
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Leigh, Joanna. "My impossible task? : writing an ethical biopic of Samuel Johnson." Thesis, University of the Arts London, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.504037.
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Eriksson, Henry. "Differentiating between packaging material and geometry using the Syntouch Biotac." Thesis, KTH, Hållfasthetslära, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-296212.
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Grip stiffness is an important property of carton board packaging. The structure of the packaging needs to withstand the handling of one or many consumers. A carton board packaging that feels stiff when handled conveys a sense of luxury to the consumer, one example of this is the packages containing new flagship smart phones. If a package is more or less stiff is at this moment subjectively interpreted by test panels. An objective method of measuring grip stiffness is sought after for repeat ability and speed. This master thesis investigates the influence of geometry and material parameters on the grip stiffness of a carton board packages. The purpose is to determine how the measured point loads differ between different geometries for one particular material. Measurements are conducted using a tensile tester and a sensory device, Syntouch Biotac. Only two of the 19 sensors are analyzed in this thesis. Ther data analyzed in this thesis comes from experiments conducted by the author and experiments conducted during a bachelors thesis at Örebro University. The same equipment was used for both experiments. The authors experiments were aimed at finding how a rotation of the packaging would affect the results whereas no rotations were made during experiments not conducted by the author. The authors own experiments were also made using an actual human finger, but only on packages that were not rotated. A finite element study was performed to validate the results from the Syntouch Biotac. X-ray computed tomography was used to investigate if the damage done to the carton board material by a human finger was similar to the damage done to the carton board material by the Syntouch Biotac. Results from the Syntouch Biotac show that it is possible to tell where along and how close to the edge of the packaging the Syntouch Biotac is touching the packaging and that it is possible to discern between materials if the surface weights are different enough. The X-ray computed tomography show that damages done to the carton material cone by either the Syntouch Biotac or a human finger, are not possible to tell apart with the method of analysis used in this thesis.Greppstyvhet är en viktig egenskap hos kartongförpackningar. Strukturen behöver kunna motstå hantering av en eller flera kunder. En kartongförpackning som upplevs som styv när den hanteras ger kunden ett intryck av lyx, ett exempel är förpackningar för nya smarttelefoner. Om en kartongförpackning är mer eller mindre greppstyv avgörs just nu subjektivt av en testpaneler. En objektiv och upprepningsbar metod för att mäta greppstyvhet snabbare behövs. I den här masteruppsatsen undersökts geometri- och materialparametrars påverkan på kartongförpackningars greppstyvhet. Syftet var att avgöra hur de olika punktlasterna skiljer sig åt mellan olika geometrier för ett givet material. Mätningar gjordes med en dragprovare och en sensorisk mätenhet, Syntouch Biotac. Endast två av 19 sensorer analyseras i det här arbetet. Datan som analyseras i det här arbetet kommer från experiment utförda av författaren samt experiment gjorda i samarbete med en kandidatuppsats vid Örebro Universitet. Samma utrustning användes för båda experiment. Författarens experiment gjordes för att undersöka hur rotation av kartongförpackningarna påverkade resultaten. Ingen rotation utfördes under experimenten som gjordes i samband med kandidatuppsatsen på Örebro Universitet. Experiment utförda av författaren innehåller även kompression av förpackningar gjorda med ett mänskligt finger, detta gjordes endast på förpackningar som inte roterades. En FEM-studie utfördes för att validera resultaten från Syntouch Biotac. Datortomografi användes för att undersöka om skador som uppkommit på kartongmaterialet av mänskligt finger var lika de som uppkommit från Syntouch Biotac. Resultaten från Syntouch Biotac visar att det är möjligt att se var längs med eller hur nära kanten på förpackningen som Syntouch Biotac trycker på förpackningen, samt att det är möjligt att skilja mellan material om deras ytvikter skiljer sig tillräckligt mycket. Datortomografin visar att skador som uppkommit på kartong materialet av mänskligt finger eller Syntouch Biotac inte går att särskilja med den analysmetod som använts i det här arbetet.
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Jiang, Jian Kai. "Caractérisation hydrodynamique des réacteurs anaérobies produisant du biogaz et fonctionnant en batch et en continu." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0142/document.
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Ce travail est consacré à une étude approfondie sur le procédé anaérobie pour les traitements des eaux usées et des boues d’épuration afin d’améliorer la production de biogaz. Tout d’abord, l’hydrodynamique dans un réacteur de type circulation interne (IC) a été caractérisée en maquette froide. La vitesse de circulation du liquide dépend davantage de l’écoulement de la phase gazeuse que de la phase solide, l’influence du débit de liquide entrant étant la plus faible des trois. La taille de bulles influe non seulement sur la vitesse de cisaillement mais aussi sur les types d’interactions bulles-granules. L’effet de la vitesse de cisaillement moyenne a ensuite été étudié dans une cuve agitée en maquette chaude. Lorsque la vitesse de cisaillement moyenne augmente, le débit de biogaz passe par un maximum pour une valeur de 6,8 s-1, tandis que le pourcentage en méthane diminue continument. La déformation des granules est provoquée par cisaillements et collisions, à masse volumique constante. A micro-échelle, une déformation locale d’un cratère à l’extrémité du canal d’acheminement du biogaz est découverte pour la première fois. Le diamètre de ce cratère est proportionnel à la taille du pore, et la pression de compression de la microbulle estimée par la loi de Laplace est comparable à la résistance mécanique du granule mesurée par la pénétrométrie. Enfin, l’étude s’attache aux propriétés rhéologiques de boues digérées hautement concentrées. Un comportement rhéofluidifiant à seuil de contrainte, et un comportement viscoélastique sont caractérisés. L’effet de la concentration en solide est beaucoup plus significatif que celui de la température. En outre, des expériences d’impact par une bille sur des boues digérées hautement concentrées sont réalisées pour révéler sa dynamique transitoire. Un modèle simplifié de la trainée est établi pour estimer le module de l’élasticité ainsi que la viscosité d’impactThis work is devoted to an in-depth study on the anaerobic process for wastewater treatment and sewage sludge treatment in order to intensifier the biogas production. Firstly, the hydrodynamic in an internal circulation (IC) reactor was characterized by experimental simulation. The relative importance of the three phases is ordered as gas > solid > liquid for the liquid circulation velocity. The bubble size affects not only the shear rate but also the types of interaction between bubbles and granules. Then the effect of mean shear rate was investigated in an anaerobic stirred tank reactor. With the increase of mean shear rate, the flow rate of biogas passes through a maximum at the shear rate of 6.8 s-1, while the methane content decreases continuously. The deformation of granules is induced by shear stress and collisions; nevertheless the granules’ density remains unchanged. At micro-scale, a local deformation in the shape of crater located at the extremity of biogas channel was detected for the first time. The cater diameter is proportional to the size of gas exit pore, and the compression pressure of the microbubble estimated by the Young-Laplace equation compares favorably with the mechanical resistance of granule measured by penetrometry. Finally, the study focused on the rheological properties of the highly concentrated digested sludge. A shear thinning behavior with a yield stress and a viscoelastic property were characterized. The effect of solid content is much more significant than that of temperature. Furthermore, the experiments of a sphere impacting on the highly concentrated digested sludge were carried out to reveal its transient dynamics. A simplified drag force model was established to estimate the elasticity modulus and the impact viscosity
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Larsson, Anneli. "Profile and perceptions of biogas as automobile fuel : A study of Svensk Biogas." Thesis, Linköping University, The Tema Institute, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-12507.
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From an environmental- and health perspective, biogas and other biomass-based fuels have several advantages; nevertheless the majority of motorists fill their cars with petroleum-based fuels. This thesis is designed to explore the profile of biogas in relation to its perceptions. It is a study concerning the communication between the biogas producing company Svensk Biogas and their biogas users and non biogas users. To obtain a thorough understanding of the profile and perceptions of biogas a qualitative approach was considered appropriate. Biogas users and non-users were interviewed at gasoline stations, while Svensk Biogas was interviewed as a group.
The three interview segments were analyzed and compared in order to identify patterns, similarities and differences. Based on research data the thesis concludes that the profiling arguments of biogas correlates to that biogas is the most environmentally friendly fuel, the least expensive fuel, and locally produced. Furthermore, the company profile of Svensk Biogas is equal to sustainable alternative, locally produced, trustworthy, environmentally friendly and climate smart [klimatsmart]. Given the arguments of the company profile, environmental values seem to be the core communicating value. Profiling Svensk Biogas happens through events and by using communication material such as company logotype.
Motorists have an overall positive perception of biogas. Biogas users states environmental benefits as the key argument behind their commitment. Non-users are positive toward biogas although expressing a lack of knowledge confusing biogas with ethanol and bio-fuels in general. According to motorists the negative perceptions, in addition to the prerequisites of biogas, are connected to insufficient infrastructure of biogas filling stations, a short range of the biogas tank, a high investment cost of a biogas car, a biogas price increase, scarcity of cars, and information (lack of information and misleading information).
The overall perception of Svensk Biogas among biogas users is positive. Biogas users express a negative perception concerning the Svensk Biogas filling stations and also wish for a lower biogas price. Non-users express modest perceptions of the company. This research also concludes that perceptions of the biogas producer are correlated to the perceptions of biogas. Furthermore, biogas producer, users and non-users wish to be directed by political decisions, guiding them toward environmentally friendly fuel alternatives.
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Tolo, Julien. "Approche aux différentes échelles pour la mise au point d’outils intégrés d’aide au développement de projets de méthanisation." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0124/document.
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La digestion anaérobie est un processus biologique de transformation de la matière organique permettant la production d’énergie sous forme de biogaz et de fertilisant sous forme de digestat. C’est une filière émergente en France, dont les objectifs de développement sont ambitieux. Le développement d’une filière industrielle sur l’ensemble du territoire Français nécessite la mise en oeuvre d’outils d’aide à la décision.Dans le cadre de cette Thèse nous proposons d’évaluer le potentiel de développement de la méthanisation collective, territoriale et agricole par injection du biogaz dans les réseaux de gaz naturel. Les travaux de recherchent portent sur trois axes : (1)l’évaluation du potentiel de mobilisation de biomasse d’origine agricole ; (2) la conception et l’étude de la viabilité économique de « modèle type » d’usine de méthanisation ; (3) l’évaluation de la performance technico-économique d’une exploitation agricole ayant recours à la méthanisation dans but d’accroitre son autonomie face aux énergies fossiles et aux engrais chimiques.Sur le premier volet, nous avons réalisé une étude cartographique des gisements agricoles mobilisables. Nous avons localisé et quantifié les quantités de coproduits de cultures et d’effluents d’élevage présent sur le territoire Français. Nous avons mis en évidence que le potentiel de mobilisation de biomasse agricole est de l’ordre de 57millions de tonnes de matière sèche. Ceci correspond à une production énergétique maximale de l’ordre de 158 TWh/an.Sur le deuxième volet, nous avons conçu des « modèles types » d’usines de méthanisation de différentes tailles, dont le biogaz est valorisé en biométhane par injection dans le réseau. Pour chacun des « modèles types » nous avons comparé la viabilité technico-économiques des modèles selon différentes « recettes » de biomasse. L’évaluation met en avant que pour chaque « modèle type », il existe un nombre limité de « recettes » permettant à chacun d’entre eux de trouver un équilibre technico-économique.Sur le troisième volet, nous nous sommes intéressés à l’autonomie azote et carburant que pourrait atteindre une exploitation agricole en méthanisant des cultures énergétiques dédiées de légumineuse. L’évaluation a été menée sur des fermes présentant des configurations différentes d’assolement et de rendement. Nous avons mis en évidence les conditions nécessaires pour que chaque configuration de ferme puisse atteindre l’autonomie. Il en ressort que dans certaines conditions, une exploitation « autonome » présente des marges brutes supérieures à celle d’une exploitation conventionnelleAnaerobic digestion is a biological process of transformation of organicmatter allowing the production of energy in the form of biogas and fertilizer in the formof digestate. It is an emerging sector in France, whose development objectives are ambitious. The development of an industrial sector throughout the French territory requires the implementation of decision support tools.As part of this thesis, we propose to evaluate the development potential of collective,territorial and agricultural methanation by injecting biogas into natural gas networks.Research work focuses on three axes: (1) the evaluation of the biomass mobilization potential of agricultural origin; (2) the design and study of the economic viability of a"typical model" of methanation plant; (3) the evaluation of the technical and economic performance of a farm using methanation in order to increase its autonomy in the face of fossil fuels and chemical fertilizers.We first carried out a cartographic study of mobilizable agricultural deposits. The quantities of co-products of crops and livestock effluents present on the French territor ywere located and quantified. Thus, we have shown that the potential for mobilization of agricultural biomass is of the order of 57 million tons of dry matter. This corresponds to a maximum energy production of about 158 TWh / year.And second, we have designed "model models" of biogas plants of different sizes,whose biogas is valorized in biomethane by injection into the network. For each of the"standard models" we compared the techno-economic viability of the models according to different "recipes" of biomass. The evaluation points out that for each "standard model" there is a limited number of "recipes" allowing each of them to find a technoeconomic balance.Finally, we focused on the nitrogen and fuel autonomy that an agricultural operationcould achieve by methanising dedicated energy crops of legumes. The assessment was conducted on farms with different rotational and yield configurations. We have highlighted the conditions necessary for each farm configuration to achieve autonomy.It shows that under certain conditions, an "autonomous" farm has gross margins higher than that of a conventional farm
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Leifland, Karin. "Comparison of stereotactic fine needle aspiration biopsy and core needle biopsy in breast lesions /." Stockholm, 2004. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2004/91-7349-912-9.
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Johansson, Tobias, and Theo Målsten. "Wasted Biogas : Economic analysis of biogas recovery adjoined to existing incineration facility in Sweden." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-279672.
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Biogas is of growing interest in Sweden, and a public inquiry suggested the government to set a goal of producing 10 TWh biogas in 2030 although only 2 TWh biogas was produced in Sweden in 2018 (Regeringskansliet, 2019) (Klackenberg, 2019). To achieve this optimistic goal and to meet the increased demand of biogas, new biogas production facilities needs to be built. The purpose of this report is to investigate the economic feasibility for the development of a biogas recovery process adjoined to an incineration facility in Sweden. The report first gives an overview of the largest incineration facilities in Sweden. The largest quantity of food waste was estimated in Gothenburg to be 56´744 WRQ SeU \eaU. For the economic feasibility, a conceptual facility was constructed with 169´000 ton residual waste per year of which 45´000 ton was food waste. A biogas process model was built in Excel where the biogas potential was calculated using characteristics for food waste. The annual production of liquid biogas was estimated to 43´970 MWK. The economic evaluation was based on the conceptual facility. In the baseline scenario the incomes for the process was the value of liquid biogas, 25,6 MSEK per year, a Gate-fee synergy of 5 MSEK per year and a Tax deduction synergy of 1 MSEK per year. The investment cost was estimated to 211,6 MSEK and the Operation & Maintenance cost was estimated to 6,3 MSEK per year. This resulted in an NPV of 69,5 MSEK and an IRR of 10,3% for the project, indicating a profitable investment. Three different scenarios were considered, apart from the baseline scenario, where the first excluded all synergies with the incineration facility, which generated an NPV of 2,3 MSEK. The second scenario only considered the minimal gate-fee synergy which gave an NPV of 37,8 MSEK. Finally, the third scenario where all synergies were included, and an additional investment grant was introduced gave the project an NPV of 111,8 MSEK. A sensitivity analysis was also conducted which showed that the input of food waste treated, weighted average cost of capital and potential grants had the biggest impact on the financial results. None of the results from the sensitivity analysis showed a negative NPV.Intresset för biogas växer i Sverige och i en statlig utredning föreslogs regeringen att sätta upp ett mål att producera 10 TWh biogas 2030 (Regeringskansliet, 2019). Detta kan jämföras med 2018 då endast 2 TWh producerades (Klackenberg, 2019). För att uppnå detta optimistiska mål och för att möta den ökade efterfrågan på biogas behöver nya produktionsanläggningar byggas. Syftet med denna rapport är att undersöka de ekonomiska möjligheterna för utvecklingen av en biogasanläggning angränsad till en förbränningsanläggning i Sverige. Rapporten ger först en översikt över de största förbränningsanläggningarna som behandlar hushållsavfall i Sverige. Det uppskattades att den största mängden matavfall som går till förbränning i Sverige är i Göteborg där 56´744 ton matavfall förbränns per år. För att bestämma de ekonomiska förutsättningarna konstruerades en konceptuell anläggning som behandlar 169´000 ton restavfall per år varav 45 000 ton består av matavfall. En biogasprocess modellerades i Excel där den potentiella biogasen beräknades baserat på matavfallets karaktäristik. Slutligen uppskattades den årliga produktionen av flytande biogas till 43´970 MWh. Den ekonomiska utvärderingen baserades på den konceptuella anläggningen. I grund-scenariot bestod inkomsterna för av den flytande biogasen som motsvarade 25,6 MSEK per år, en ´gatefee´-synergi på 5 MSEK per år och en ´skatteavdrags´-synergi motsvarande 1 MSEK per år. Investeringskostnaden uppskattades till 211,6 MSEK och Operation & Maintenancekostnaderna uppskattades till 6,3 MSEK. Detta gav projektet ett nettonuvärde på 69,5 MSEK och en internränta på 10,3% vilket indikerar en lönsam investering. Vidare undersöktes även tre olika scenarier, utöver grund-scenariot, där det första utesluter alla synergier vilket gav ett nettonuvärde på 2,3 MSEK. Det andra scenariot beaktade endast den minimala ´gate-fee´-synergin vilket gav ett nettonuvärde på 37,8 MSEK. Det tredje scenariot inkluderade alla synergier samt ett investeringsbidrag vilket resulterade i ett nettonuvärde på 111,8 MSEK. En känslighetsanalys genomfördes också som visade att tillförseln av behandlat matavfall, kapitalkostnaden och potentiella investeringsbidrag hade den största påverkan på de finansiella resultaten. Inget av resultaten från känslighetsanalysen visade ett negativt nettonuvärde.
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Zhang, Jin Bai. "Procédé de traitement anaérobie des boues et de valorisation du biogaz." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPL106N/document.
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Ce travail vise à développer une approche originale à micro et à méso-échelle pour étudier divers phénomènes et intensifier les performances du réacteur. A méso-échelle, l'accent est mis sur l'efficacité de la production de biogaz dans un réacteur anaérobie 2D sous différentes conditions hydrodynamiques ainsi qu’à différentes concentrations de substrat. Puis, dans un dispositif microfluidique transparent, une seule granule de différentes tailles a été utilisée sous différentes conditions d'exploitation. Les effets des différentes conditions hydrodynamiques et des concentrations de substrat associés à la taille et la densité des granules de boues sur la production de biogaz ont été étudiésThe present work is focused on developing an original micro to mesoscale approach to investigate various phenomena and then to intensify the performance of a reactor. At mesoscale, the emphasis is given to the interactions between granular sludge particles as well as the biogas production efficiency in a 2D reactor under various hydrodynamic conditions at different concentrations of substrate. Then, within the microdevices, a single sludge particle of various sizes was used under different operating conditions such as superficial liquid velocity and concentration of substrate. The effect of different hydrodynamic conditions and concentration of substrate was studied
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Bovey, D. "The artist biopic : a historical analysis of narrative cinema, 1934-2010." Thesis, University of Westminster, 2015. https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/9w77z/the-artist-biopic-a-historical-analysis-of-narrative-cinema-1934-2010.
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The thesis provides an historical overview of the artist biopic that has emerged as a distinct sub-genre of the biopic as a whole, totalling some ninety films from Europe and America alone since the first talking artist biopic in 1934. Their making usually reflects a determination on the part of the director or star to see the artist as an alter-ego. Many of them were adaptations of successful literary works, which tempted financial backers by having a ready-made audience based on a pre-established reputation. The sub-genre’s development is explored via the grouping of films with associated themes and the use of case studies. These examples can then be used as models for exploring similar sets of data from other countries and time periods. The specific topics chosen for discussion include the representation of a single painter, for example, Vincent Van Gogh, to see how the treatment of an artist varies across several countries and over seventy years. British artist biopics are analysed as a case study in relation to the idea of them posing as a national stereotype. Topics within sex and gender studies are highlighted in analysis of the representation of the female artist and the queer artist as well as artists who have lived together as couples. A number of well-known gallery artists have become directors of artist biopics and their films are considered to see what particular insights a professional working artist can bring to the portrayal of artistic genius and creation. In the concluding part of the thesis it is argued that the artist biopic overall has survived the bad press which some individual productions have received and can even be said to have matured under the influence of directors producing a quality product for the art house, festival and avant-garde distribution circuits. As a genre it has proved extremely adaptable and has reflected the changing attitudes towards art and artists within the wider community. It has both encouraged renewed interest in the work of established national artists and also raised the profile of those relatively obscure such as Séraphine de Senlis and Pirosmani.
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Haiduc, Sonia Amalia. "Writers On Screen: Embodying The "Life-Text" In The Literary Biopic." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672140.
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This thesis examines the sub-genre of the literary biopic and its intersections with literary texts and other film genres through the lens of the melodramatic mode. It explores the dramatization of the ‘life-text’, defined as the process by which events in the non-discursive space-time become discursive elements in written and film biography, by looking at the figure of the author in a selection of literary biopics from the classical Hollywood era to 2018.
The number of studies on the biopic is reduced, but those that have been published so far have not examined the strategies of the melodramatic mode in biographically- inflected films. Since the body and presence of the actor is the cornerstone of the biopic genre, as well as the site for the spectator’s investment in the narrative, the embodied authorial figure in biopics becomes a locus of emotional authentication that allows us to identify and decode the forces that are part and parcel of the biopic’s and melodrama’s semantic force fields, and participate in the metamodernist oscillatory experience between irony and earnestness, belief and disbelief, as the body of the writer on screen both enacts and challenges prevailing theories of authorship.
The thesis argues, in short, that film biography must be ‘melodramatic’ in order to be
‘true’ – ‘truth’ being a certain readable, coherently constructed sense of interiority that speaks to what we perceive as reality of the human condition, and which is encoded in the presence and the gestural performances of the actors’ bodies on screen, expressed through (melo)dramatic form. The protagonists of melodrama, and, by extension of biographical films, embody and enact socioethical values, showing the work of emotion and personality in social and political processes.
The majority of the productions under scrutiny are English-speaking productions, but there are also a small number of international films that have been chosen on account of their relevance to particular sections of this study, for in a globalized cultural economy, individual films tend to build meaningful connections across national and cultural borders and address a variety of audiences.
Given its interdisciplinary approach, the critical analysis of the case studies has taken into consideration a varying number of literary, filmic and cultural elements, such as biographical material, earlier or contemporary film adaptations, the director’s/scriptwriter’s previous work, intermedial elements around the question of
stardom. It also examines the intersections of the literary biopic with other film genres, such as heritage or costume drama, as well as the functions of commercial and cultural discourses related to questions of authenticity, which is a central concern in biopics.
The thesis is structured into five parts, which explore varying representations of the author. It begins with a series of theoretical and critical considerations of genre and literary biography, followed by a survey of the critical discourses surrounding the literary biopic. The body of the thesis consists of a series of case studies beginning in the 1930s; it continues with an examination of a number of feminist productions from the 1970s, to finally focus on the contemporary period, which has been seen the release of an ever-growing number of literary biopics.
The study argues for the literary biopic as an increasingly sophisticated category that has engaged in complex ways with both the figure of the writer and our culture at large.La presente tesis examina el subgénero de la biografía literaria cinematográfica y su intersección con la literatura y con otros géneros cinematográficos, visto desde la perspectiva del modo melodramático. Se investiga la dramatización del ‘life-text’, definido como el proceso mediante el cual los acontecimientos del espacio-tiempo no discursivo llegan a ser elementos discursivos en la biografía literaria y cinematográfica, por medio de una inspección de la figura del autor en una selección de biografías literarias cinematográficas aparecidas entre la época clásica de Hollywood y el año 2018. Puesto que la figura y la misma presencia del autor son no solo la piedra angular del género biográfico en el cine, sino también el escenario de la implicación del espectador en la narrativa, la figura del autor que se halla plasmada en esta clase de biografía viene a ser un punto de autenticación emocional que nos permite identificar y descodificar las fuerzas que son parte integrante del campo semántico tanto de la biografía cinematográfica como del melodrama, además de capacitarnos para participar en la experiencia metamodernista, que oscila entre la ironía y la seriedad, la convicción y la incredulidad, a medida que la figura del autor en pantalla representa, a la par que pone en duda, las teorías existentes sobre la autoría. Dado el enfoque interdisciplinario de este análisis crítico, se han tenido en cuenta la importancia de elementos de tipo literario, cinematográfico y cultural, como pueden ser el material biográfico, las adaptaciones anteriores o contemporáneas de las películas, el trabajo ya realizado por el director o guionista, y cuestiones relativas al estrellato. Asimismo, se contemplan las intersecciones de la biografía cinematográfica literaria y otros géneros cinematográficos, además de las funciones de los discursos comerciales y culturales relacionados con cuestiones de autenticidad, que es una de las preocupaciones centrales de la biografía cinematográfica. Resumidamente, la tesis pretende presentar la biografía cinematográfica literaria como una categoría que se ha involucrado de maneras complejas con la figura del escritor y con nuestro mundo cultural en general.
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Eriksson, Henry. "Evaluating carton board crease geometries regarding grip stiffness using Syntouch Biotac." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-61955.
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A pilot study comparing the influence by different crease geometry on the grip stiffness of carton board packages has been executed. For this purpose, Syntouch Biotac, Lloyd LR5K tensiletester and crease measurements have been used. In total, 40 packages were manufactured and tested for this report. It was found that different crease geometries do have an effect on the difference in stiffness before and after collapse load. It was also found that vibration signals from Syntouch Biotac could be used to differentiate between different crease geometry at the instant of collapse load in the majority of cases. For continued work it is proposed that the same method used in this report should be applied on a larger number of packages. This is proposed so that a more thorough statistical analysis can be performed. It is also proposed, for continued work, that the interlaminar bonds between the plies of the carton boards be examined to gain a better understanding of the damage progress at the instant of collapse load.En förstudie över fyra olika big-geometriers inverkan på greppstyvhet av kartongförpackningar har utförts. Syntouch Biotac, tryckprovare och bigmätningar har använts för ändamålet. Totalt har 40 kartongförpackningar tillverkats och testats för denna rapport. Det fanns att big-geometrier har en inverkan på skillnaden mellan styvhet innan och efter kollapslast av kartongförpackningen. Det fanns även att vibrationsutslag från Syntouch Biotac kunde skilja olika big-geometrier åt vid kollapslast i majoriteten av fall. Till fortsatt arbete föreslås att använda likadan metod på flera kartongförpackningar för att kunna utföra en nogrannare statistisk analys samt att undersöka styrkan hos de interlaminära bindningarna mellan kartongskikten för att bättre förstå skadeförloppet vid kollapslast.
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Selway, Matthew. "Mental disorder in the contemporary American biopic : representation and national identity." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2016. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/61877/.
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This thesis considers the representation of mental disorder in the contemporary American biopic from 1999 onwards, focussing upon how such representations of the biographical subject’s experience of mental illness can be read as interrogating many of the central features and ideologies of American national identity. Though long overlooked in academia, a recent surge in scholarly attention has repositioned and illuminated the biographical film (biopic) as a dynamic genre that warrants greater appreciation and investigation. This thesis contributes to current debates and understandings of the genre by critically interrogating the representational strategies and tropes present in depictions of mental disorder in the genre and contextualising these aspects in regards to wider cultural issues. Much like many critiques of the biopic genre, the portrayal of mental disorder in film and media has often been criticised for lacking authenticity or accuracy. Where critics and filmgoers bemoan the biopic’s over-celebratory nature and malleable relationship with history, so too psychiatric professionals and members of the public lament derogatory stereotypes and images of mental disorder that contribute to the perpetuation of stigma. However, this project realises a conscious move away from subjective debates concerning accuracy whilst still engaging with psychiatric research as a means of demonstrating the valuable interdisciplinary overlaps between psychiatry and film studies. Where critical considerations of mental illness representation largely focus upon the impact of film and media on cultural attitudes, the analyses in this thesis instead consider the influence of American culture on film representation. Whilst engaging with key ideas associated with the construction of national identity (primarily gender, race and class) this thesis also includes critical considerations of the portrayal of mental disorder and its intersections with many other socio-culturally significant aspects of American character and identity, including capitalism, sexuality, celebrity, religion and regionality.