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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Biopic'
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Moral, Martín Francisco Javier. "Representación cinematográfica del artista plástico y biopic." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/4264.
Full textAbstract:
Más allá de la enumeración infinita de anécdotas atribuidas a los artistas plásticos (hummus sustancial sobre el que se ha levantado la extensa bibliografía al respecto), la tesis titulada Biopic y representación fílmica del artista plástico, pretende dar cuenta del modo en que dicho material es dispuesto en el film, evidenciar las elecciones y estrategias que operan hacia la institución del artista en cuanto sujeto discursivo, entidad que da forma a uno de los estereotipos identitarios más arraigados en la historia de occidente desde su aparición en la Antigüedad clásica. En ese sentido, la consideración biográfica funciona como el bisturí elegido en la acotación del corpus a tratar, elección operativa que supone la constitución de un subgénero respecto del género biopic (biographical picture) según un criterio temático: el personaje recreado es un artista plástico.
Biopic y representación fílmica del artista plástico se encuentra dividido en dos partes. La primera, compuesta por los dos primeros capítulos, se presenta como una somera aproximación al estado de la cuestión genérica, rastreando la compleja conceptualización del fenómeno, sus orígenes literarios y su aparición y desarrollo en el terreno cinematográfico. Poco se avanza en este apartado a propósito de una posible definición del biopic de artista salvo para cuestionar y delimitar operativamente algunas cuestiones teóricas que han dificultado la consideración biográfica desde una perspectiva genérica.
La segunda parte, compuesta por el resto de capítulos y constituida en sentido estricto en el núcleo de la investigación, se presenta como un ejercicio evaluativo del subgénero a partir de una doble perspectiva, teórica e histórica.Moral Martín, FJ. (2009). Representación cinematográfica del artista plástico y biopic [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/4264
Palancia
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Robinson, M. "Mapping the British biopic : evolution, conventions, reception and masculinities." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2016. http://eprints.uwe.ac.uk/29205/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis offers a revaluation of the British biopic, which has often been subsumed into the broader ‘historical film’ category, identifying a critical neglect despite its successful presence throughout the history of the British film industry. It argues that the biopic is a necessary category because producers, reviewers and cinemagoers have significant investments in biographical subjects, and because biopics construct a ‘public history’ for a broad audience. This thesis provides a timeline of British biopics released from 1900 to 2014, constructing an historical overview of the continuities and shifts the genre has undergone. It also constructs an assessment of the representation of masculinity in the biopic, including detailed textual readings of representations of masculinity in biopics released between 2005 and 2014. This rectifies the critical neglect of masculinity in the biopic, despite the majority of biopics being about men. Following a critique of existing critical approaches to the biopic, including the viability of applying American paradigms to the biopic as a whole, subsequent chapters analyse the major aspects of the British biopic: a history of the production and reception of biopics and a survey of the biopic’s conventions. An inter-chapter introduces the nature of representations of masculinity in the British biopic using specific paradigmatic examples and the final two chapters focus on a detailed analysis of the representation of masculinity in particular films from the contemporary period which are mapped onto contemporaneous understandings of masculinity. One chapter considers the diversity of homosocial representations and those depicting ‘wounded’ men; the other discusses the ways in which selected films depict wounded men rehabilitated through supportive homosocial bonds. The thesis makes a contribution to knowledge in three ways: 1) an understanding and analysis of the biopic, a genre that has attracted few studies; 2) an historical overview of the British biopic which has not yet been attempted; 3) a detailed analysis of the representation of masculinity in the British biopic which, the thesis argues, is a distinctive and largely neglected aspect. The thesis argues that the British biopic has specifically national characteristics and that these patterns offer evidence of a profound difference between British and American paradigms.
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Brost, Molly. "Mining the Past: Performing Authenticity in the Country Music Biopic." Bowling Green, Ohio : Bowling Green State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1210877250.
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Leigh, Joanna. "My impossible task? : writing an ethical biopic of Samuel Johnson." Thesis, University of the Arts London, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.504037.
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Selway, Matthew. "Mental disorder in the contemporary American biopic : representation and national identity." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2016. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/61877/.
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This thesis considers the representation of mental disorder in the contemporary American biopic from 1999 onwards, focussing upon how such representations of the biographical subject’s experience of mental illness can be read as interrogating many of the central features and ideologies of American national identity. Though long overlooked in academia, a recent surge in scholarly attention has repositioned and illuminated the biographical film (biopic) as a dynamic genre that warrants greater appreciation and investigation. This thesis contributes to current debates and understandings of the genre by critically interrogating the representational strategies and tropes present in depictions of mental disorder in the genre and contextualising these aspects in regards to wider cultural issues. Much like many critiques of the biopic genre, the portrayal of mental disorder in film and media has often been criticised for lacking authenticity or accuracy. Where critics and filmgoers bemoan the biopic’s over-celebratory nature and malleable relationship with history, so too psychiatric professionals and members of the public lament derogatory stereotypes and images of mental disorder that contribute to the perpetuation of stigma. However, this project realises a conscious move away from subjective debates concerning accuracy whilst still engaging with psychiatric research as a means of demonstrating the valuable interdisciplinary overlaps between psychiatry and film studies. Where critical considerations of mental illness representation largely focus upon the impact of film and media on cultural attitudes, the analyses in this thesis instead consider the influence of American culture on film representation. Whilst engaging with key ideas associated with the construction of national identity (primarily gender, race and class) this thesis also includes critical considerations of the portrayal of mental disorder and its intersections with many other socio-culturally significant aspects of American character and identity, including capitalism, sexuality, celebrity, religion and regionality.
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Haiduc, Sonia Amalia. "Writers On Screen: Embodying The "Life-Text" In The Literary Biopic." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672140.
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This thesis examines the sub-genre of the literary biopic and its intersections with literary texts and other film genres through the lens of the melodramatic mode. It explores the dramatization of the ‘life-text’, defined as the process by which events in the non-discursive space-time become discursive elements in written and film biography, by looking at the figure of the author in a selection of literary biopics from the classical Hollywood era to 2018.
The number of studies on the biopic is reduced, but those that have been published so far have not examined the strategies of the melodramatic mode in biographically- inflected films. Since the body and presence of the actor is the cornerstone of the biopic genre, as well as the site for the spectator’s investment in the narrative, the embodied authorial figure in biopics becomes a locus of emotional authentication that allows us to identify and decode the forces that are part and parcel of the biopic’s and melodrama’s semantic force fields, and participate in the metamodernist oscillatory experience between irony and earnestness, belief and disbelief, as the body of the writer on screen both enacts and challenges prevailing theories of authorship.
The thesis argues, in short, that film biography must be ‘melodramatic’ in order to be
‘true’ – ‘truth’ being a certain readable, coherently constructed sense of interiority that speaks to what we perceive as reality of the human condition, and which is encoded in the presence and the gestural performances of the actors’ bodies on screen, expressed through (melo)dramatic form. The protagonists of melodrama, and, by extension of biographical films, embody and enact socioethical values, showing the work of emotion and personality in social and political processes.
The majority of the productions under scrutiny are English-speaking productions, but there are also a small number of international films that have been chosen on account of their relevance to particular sections of this study, for in a globalized cultural economy, individual films tend to build meaningful connections across national and cultural borders and address a variety of audiences.
Given its interdisciplinary approach, the critical analysis of the case studies has taken into consideration a varying number of literary, filmic and cultural elements, such as biographical material, earlier or contemporary film adaptations, the director’s/scriptwriter’s previous work, intermedial elements around the question of
stardom. It also examines the intersections of the literary biopic with other film genres, such as heritage or costume drama, as well as the functions of commercial and cultural discourses related to questions of authenticity, which is a central concern in biopics.
The thesis is structured into five parts, which explore varying representations of the author. It begins with a series of theoretical and critical considerations of genre and literary biography, followed by a survey of the critical discourses surrounding the literary biopic. The body of the thesis consists of a series of case studies beginning in the 1930s; it continues with an examination of a number of feminist productions from the 1970s, to finally focus on the contemporary period, which has been seen the release of an ever-growing number of literary biopics.
The study argues for the literary biopic as an increasingly sophisticated category that has engaged in complex ways with both the figure of the writer and our culture at large.La presente tesis examina el subgénero de la biografía literaria cinematográfica y su intersección con la literatura y con otros géneros cinematográficos, visto desde la perspectiva del modo melodramático. Se investiga la dramatización del ‘life-text’, definido como el proceso mediante el cual los acontecimientos del espacio-tiempo no discursivo llegan a ser elementos discursivos en la biografía literaria y cinematográfica, por medio de una inspección de la figura del autor en una selección de biografías literarias cinematográficas aparecidas entre la época clásica de Hollywood y el año 2018. Puesto que la figura y la misma presencia del autor son no solo la piedra angular del género biográfico en el cine, sino también el escenario de la implicación del espectador en la narrativa, la figura del autor que se halla plasmada en esta clase de biografía viene a ser un punto de autenticación emocional que nos permite identificar y descodificar las fuerzas que son parte integrante del campo semántico tanto de la biografía cinematográfica como del melodrama, además de capacitarnos para participar en la experiencia metamodernista, que oscila entre la ironía y la seriedad, la convicción y la incredulidad, a medida que la figura del autor en pantalla representa, a la par que pone en duda, las teorías existentes sobre la autoría. Dado el enfoque interdisciplinario de este análisis crítico, se han tenido en cuenta la importancia de elementos de tipo literario, cinematográfico y cultural, como pueden ser el material biográfico, las adaptaciones anteriores o contemporáneas de las películas, el trabajo ya realizado por el director o guionista, y cuestiones relativas al estrellato. Asimismo, se contemplan las intersecciones de la biografía cinematográfica literaria y otros géneros cinematográficos, además de las funciones de los discursos comerciales y culturales relacionados con cuestiones de autenticidad, que es una de las preocupaciones centrales de la biografía cinematográfica. Resumidamente, la tesis pretende presentar la biografía cinematográfica literaria como una categoría que se ha involucrado de maneras complejas con la figura del escritor y con nuestro mundo cultural en general.
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Bovey, D. "The artist biopic : a historical analysis of narrative cinema, 1934-2010." Thesis, University of Westminster, 2015. https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/9w77z/the-artist-biopic-a-historical-analysis-of-narrative-cinema-1934-2010.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis provides an historical overview of the artist biopic that has emerged as a distinct sub-genre of the biopic as a whole, totalling some ninety films from Europe and America alone since the first talking artist biopic in 1934. Their making usually reflects a determination on the part of the director or star to see the artist as an alter-ego. Many of them were adaptations of successful literary works, which tempted financial backers by having a ready-made audience based on a pre-established reputation. The sub-genre’s development is explored via the grouping of films with associated themes and the use of case studies. These examples can then be used as models for exploring similar sets of data from other countries and time periods. The specific topics chosen for discussion include the representation of a single painter, for example, Vincent Van Gogh, to see how the treatment of an artist varies across several countries and over seventy years. British artist biopics are analysed as a case study in relation to the idea of them posing as a national stereotype. Topics within sex and gender studies are highlighted in analysis of the representation of the female artist and the queer artist as well as artists who have lived together as couples. A number of well-known gallery artists have become directors of artist biopics and their films are considered to see what particular insights a professional working artist can bring to the portrayal of artistic genius and creation. In the concluding part of the thesis it is argued that the artist biopic overall has survived the bad press which some individual productions have received and can even be said to have matured under the influence of directors producing a quality product for the art house, festival and avant-garde distribution circuits. As a genre it has proved extremely adaptable and has reflected the changing attitudes towards art and artists within the wider community. It has both encouraged renewed interest in the work of established national artists and also raised the profile of those relatively obscure such as Séraphine de Senlis and Pirosmani.
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Sheldon, Amy Gabrielle. "The Relevance of the Biopic Krotoa (2017): A Mis-Representation of History?" Master's thesis, Faculty of Humanities, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/34028.
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This dissertation examines the representation the Khoi woman Krotoa in the film of the same name directed by Roberta Durrant (2017). It draws on scholarship by Pamela Scully (2005) and Julia C. Wells (1997), who argue that Krotoa adapted well to her circumstances, following the arrival of Jan Van Riebeeck at the Cape in 1652. Krotoa used her gender to influence Van Riebeeck's decision-making, regarding trade relations with the Khoi people. This thesis shows these views to be complicated and contested, especially considering evidence of victimisation and sexual assault of indigenous women by colonial authorities – as Pamela Scully (2005) has noted. Yvette Abrahams (1996) also wrote that Krotoa's alcoholism indicated some form of trauma. Simultaneously, indigenous people were also stereotyped based on race. They were deemed immoral and generally inferior to Europeans. These ideologies were perpetuated by European writings on encounters with indigenous people, as scholars like Nicholas Hudson (2004) write. Additionally, indigenous women such as Sarah Baartman, were perceived by Europeans as sexually deviant and hyper-sexual – as written by Zine Magubane (2001). It is for this reason therefore, that issues of identity, sexuality and gender are significant to this study on, Krotoa (2017). Furthermore, in bringing together the narratives of Sarah Baartman and Krotoa, it emphasizes how indigenous women have been marginalised and abused within a colonial society. Critical analysis of the film indicates that history has been distorted by the way Krotoa is represented. This was largely due to the perception that the film is told from the perspective of a ‘white' man, as Rusana Philander (2017) discusses. Moreover, due to the extent to which Durrant's film has been influenced by the past, I argue that Krotoa is mis-represented – both in history and in her representation on-screen.
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Schlotterbeck, Jesse Keith. "The popular musical biopic in the post-studio era: four approaches to an overlooked film genre." Diss., University of Iowa, 2010. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/3530.
Full textAbstract:
The mid-2000s saw a surge in the popularity of musical biopics: films such as Ray (2004) which tell the story of a star musician. While academic studies have addressed biopics treating classical and jazz composers, the popular musical biopic (encompassing blues, folk, pop, country, rap, and rock) is not only the least studied subtype of the musical biopic, but the most profitable and frequently made. I analyze four different aspects of the musical biopic that illustrate its significance: Chapter One addresses the musical biopic in the context of the post-studio era entertainment industry. I study A Hard Day's Night as a film which reconciles artistry with the commercial imperative of cross-promotion. Chapter Two surveys the increased presence of minority entertainers in post-studio era musical biopics, covering films featuring African American musicians, as well as films which pair a black mentor with a white musician or producer. Chapter Three examines the relationship between storytelling, particularly the portrayal of love relationships, and song performances. I find in that the post-studio era musical biopic often reconciles narrative structures inherited from the classical Hollywood musical with post-classical film styles. Chapter Four, a psychoanalytic study of the contemporary musical biopic, theorizes the genre's turn to the representation of flawed and scandalous subjects.
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Schlie, Ferdinand. "Luther à l’écran. La figure du Réformateur au cinéma et à la télévision en Allemagne (1911-2008)." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAL029.
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En amont du 500e anniversaire de la Réforme en 2017, la question des représentations et des usages auxquels a donné lieu la figure de Martin Luther a bénéficié d’un regain d’intérêt. En témoigne l’attention portée depuis une quinzaine d’années à un domaine jusque-là peu étudié par la recherche, à savoir la présence de Martin Luther au cinéma et à la télévision. À la suite notamment des travaux d’Esther P. Wipfler, le présent travail, centré sur les productions fictionnelles et partiellement fictionnelles de langue allemande, entreprend une étude des représentations filmiques de Luther et de l’écho dont elles bénéficièrent. Un corpus de 14 films réalisés entre 1911 et 2008 donne lieu à une réflexion en trois temps. Un aperçu synthétique des discours sur Luther qui circulèrent en Allemagne des débuts de la Réforme jusqu’à l’avènement du cinéma sera l’occasion d’évoquer la constitution de Martin Luther en figure mythique et les différents investissements dont ce mythe fit l’objet. Un deuxième volet est consacré aux quatre films muets qui virent le jour entre 1911 et 1927, marqués non seulement de l’empreinte de la tradition qui les précéda mais aussi par une évolution dans laquelle se reflète la situation du protestantisme allemand et son rapport au cinéma. L’étude s’achève par une analyse des émissions télévisées consacrées au Réformateur depuis la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, caractérisée par un retour progressif à la représentation d’une figure fondatrice positive après un début marqué de part et d’autre de la frontière allemande par une prise de distance à l’égard du mytheAhead of the 500th anniversary of the Reformation in 2017, the representation and use of Martin Luther has sparked renewed interest. This is reflected in the attention that has recently been paid to a field which, up to the last fifteen years, had not been studied very much by researchers, namely Martin Luther’s onscreen presence, both in the cinema and on television. In the wake of Esther P. Wipfler’s research, this thesis focuses on fictional and partly fictional German-speaking productions to study the film representations of Luther and their impact. A corpus of 14 films made between 1911 and 2008 will lead to a three-fold analysis: first, a synthetic overview of how Luther was seen and discussed in Germany from the beginnings of the Reformation until the birth of cinema will shed light on the making of Martin Luther into a mythical figure and on the manifold meanings with which this myth was invested. The second part of this work will be dedicated to the four silent movies directed between 1911 and 1927: while upholding established traditions, they also revealed the evolution of the situation of German Protestantism and its relationship with cinema. This thesis will close with an analysis of the television shows centred on the Reformer since the end of World War II. After initially distancing themselves from the myth on both sides of the German border, these shows marked a progressive return to the representation of a positive founding figure
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Podlesnigg, Clara. "Preserving Life and Resurrecting the Dead : Toward a Theory of the Biodoc." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Filmvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-145527.
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Every life tells a story. Film has proven to be a worthwhile medium in which individual lives can be told and thereby will be remembered. In recent years biographical documentaries telling significant life-stories, such as Amy (Asif Kapadia 2015), Kurt Cobain: Montage of Heck (Brett Morgen, 2015) and Senna (Asif Kapadia, 2010) have taken over our screens. While their narrative style often alludes to common compositions of the fictional biopic, their foundation on indexical sound and imagery makes them differ radically. In this thesis theoretical implications on how to approach and understand biographical documentary within the lager scope of biographical filmmaking are discussed. Subsequently the term biodoc is suggested. It implies a close relation to the biopic without compromising documentary film's autonomy compared to fiction film. Furthermore, this thesis sets out to move toward a theory of the biodoc. By putting together a catalog of key aspects and elements common for the biodoc and discussing them in close relation to contemporary examples of the genre, this thesis provides a first theorization of a diverse and growing phenomenon in contemporary film culture.
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Hensel, René, Christoph Neinhuis, and Carsten Werner. "The springtail cuticle as a blueprint for omniphobic surfaces." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-188134.
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Omniphobic surfaces found in nature have great potential for enabling novel and emerging products and technologies to facilitate the daily life of human societies. One example is the water and even oilrepellent cuticle of springtails (Collembola). The wingless arthropods evolved a highly textured, hierarchically arranged surface pattern that affords mechanical robustness and wetting resistance even at elevated hydrostatic pressures. Springtail cuticle-derived surfaces therefore promise to overcome limitations of lotus-inspired surfaces (low durability, insufficient repellence of low surface tension liquids). In this review, we report on the liquid-repellent natural surfaces of arthropods living in aqueous or temporarily flooded habitats including water-walking insects or water spiders. In particular, we focus on springtails presenting an overview on the cuticular morphology and chemistry and their biological relevance. Based on the obtained liquid repellence of a variety of liquids with remarkable efficiency, the review provides general design criteria for robust omniphobic surfaces. In particular, the resistance against complete wetting and the mechanical stability strongly both depend on the topographical features of the nano- and micropatterned surface. The current understanding of the underlying principles and approaches to their technological implementation are summarized and discussed.
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Sánchez, Ares María Luz. "La (re)construcción televisiva de la realidad. Una comparación entre la ficción norteamericana y la española." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/123365.
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Esta tesis doctoral aborda las interrelaciones entre la ficción televisiva y la realidad, mediante el estudio de los mecanismos que permiten su construcción recíproca. La retroalimentación entre la ficción televisiva y la realidad se analiza a través de tres miradas complementarias sobre el objeto de estudio: desde una perspectiva teórica, a través del análisis del texto audiovisual, y con la realización de un estudio etnográfico. Además, el trabajo incorpora una comparación entre España y Norteamérica, tanto de los textos audiovisuales como de los procesos de recepción.
La investigación se divide en tres partes. En primer lugar, se traza el mapa de interrelaciones entre la ficción televisiva y la realidad, que describe los mecanismos de retroalimentación entre ambas. La clasificación de dichos mecanismos se ha realizado combinando los métodos inductivo y deductivo, utilizando aportaciones de autores consolidados, y recurriendo a una muestra de 117 ejemplos paradigmáticos.
En segundo lugar, el trabajo se centra en la ficción televisiva inspirada en la realidad. Tras una panorámica sobre las TV movies y miniseries en España y Norteamérica, se realiza un análisis sociosemiótico del texto audiovisual a partir de una muestra de 26 biopics televisivos (14 títulos españoles y 12 títulos norteamericanos). El estudio identifica las estrategias de reconstrucción de realidad en este subgénero y propone una tipología del biopic televisivo. La comparación entre las ficciones españolas y norteamericanas permite identificar los patrones comunes de reconstrucción de realidad y explorar las diferencias y similitudes entre ambas tradiciones.
Por último, se lleva a cabo un análisis etnográfico utilizando la técnica del focus group. Esta parte del trabajo confronta los resultados de ocho focus groups realizados en España y Canadá, donde se exploran las interacciones de los individuos con la información ficcional, prestando especial atención al potencial didáctico de la ficción televisiva. Los focus group abordan cuatro grandes áreas: los hábitos de consumo televisivo; la retroalimentación entre la ficción y la realidad; la representación y percepción de realismo; y la ficción televisiva inspirada en la realidad. El estudio etnográfico permite confrontar la propuesta de mecanismos de interrelación y el análisis textual, realizados en capítulos previos, con los resultados obtenidos a partir de las entrevistas grupales.This doctoral dissertation addresses the interrelations between television fiction and reality, by studying the mechanisms that allow their reciprocal construction. The feedback between television fiction and reality is analyzed from three complementary standpoints: a theoretical perspective; the analysis of audiovisual texts; and conducting an ethnographic study. In addition, the paper includes a comparison between Spain and North America, both, of audiovisual texts and the process of audience reception. The investigagion is divided into three parts. First, it maps the relations between television fiction and reality, describing the feedback mechanisms between the two. Classification of these mechanisms has been done combining inductive and deductive methods, using contributions from consolidated authors, and using a sample of 117 paradigmatic examples. Second, the study focuses on television fiction inspired on reality. After an overview of the TV movies and miniseries in Spain and North America, we conduct a socio-semiotic analysis of the audiovisual text, from a sample of 26 television biopics (14 Spanish and 12 North American). The study identifies strategies for reconstruction of reality in this subgenre and proposes a typology of the television biopic. The comparison between Spanish and North American fiction, allows us to identify common patterns of reconstruction of reality and to explore the differences and similarities between the two traditions. Finally, we have conducted an ethnographic analysis using the focus group technique. This part of the dissertation confronts the results of eight focus groups conducted in Spain and Canada, which explore the interactions of individuals with fictional information, and pays close attention to the didactic potential of television fiction. The focus groups addressed four main areas: television consumption habits; the feedback between fiction and reality; representation and perception of realism; and television fiction inspired by reality. The ethnographic study allows for a confrontation of the proposed mechanisms of interrelation and the textual analysis, with the results obtained from the group interviews.
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Harbuzova, Yelizaveta Antonivna, Єлізавета Антонівна Гарбузова, and Елизавета Антоновна Гарбузова. "Bionic eye." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2014. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/38822.
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In modern life there are a lot of diseases. Scientists and researchers from all over the world investigate these diseases and try to find the newest ways of treating them. One of such troubles is problem with eyes. Very often
people lose vision because of damaging their eyes or degenerative disease, for example, age-related macular degeneration.
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Loburenko, M. V. "Bionic arm." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/33723.
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A new prosthetic arm has been developed by a researcher in Switzerland that not only provides the user with a working limb, but also lets them feel rudimentary sensations from the hand and fingers. It's being tested out on an anonymous patient later this year.
The artificial limb was designed by Dr. Silvestro Micera at the Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne in Switzerland. It works by tapping directly into the median and ulnar nerves in the arm, allowing signals from the brain to reach the limb — and vice versa.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/33723
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Edwards, Nikita. "Bionic evolution." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/45285.
Full textAbstract:
Current toxic interactions between the systems of man,
nature and machine in the diamond mining town of
Cullinan are volatile and cannot be sustained. When the
mine and the main economic system regress, how can the
remaining dependent cultural and biophysical systems be
sustained and what can Cullinan become after the demise
of the machine? Impending deindustrialisation could
mean that Cullinan will be silenced and its associated
meaning and memory lost.
The architecture of the Age of the Machine represents
contemporary interactions between the biotic and
bionic where industrial buildings, and the introverted
town, reflect the dominance of the machine over nature.
The objective of this dissertation is to set a precedent for
place-responsive regenerative architecture within
a post-mining context that is inspired by local nature
and culture. An architecture that expresses a new
co-evolving mutualistic relationship between the existing
town and landscape (cultural and natural systems) will be
considered.
Programme: A local food hub
The intention of this dissertation is to address the future shift
of human communities and economic activities back to the
alignment and synergy with life processes. A bionic evolution
from the Age of the Machine, to the Age of Life is
explored.Dissertation (MArch(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2014.
Architecture
MArch(Prof)
Unrestricted
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Queiroz, Daniela Junqueira de [UNESP]. "Alterações clínicas e laboratoriais de equinos submetidos à biópsia hepática com agulha Tru-cut guiada por ultrassom." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/122008.
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000814094.pdf: 952039 bytes, checksum: 7cbe158a1aeeb3f66a56a385d6b5591d (MD5)As doenças hepáticas são bastante comuns nos animais pecuários e responsáveis por inúmeras perdas econômicas, associadas não apenas à morte como também à diminuição da produção e do rendimento e aos gastos com exames diagnósticos e tratamentos. Em equinos as afecções hepáticas são bastante frequentes, acometendo animais de todas as idades e raças, tanto machos quanto fêmeas. O diagnóstico das afecções hepáticas em animais domésticos é feito por análises bioquímicas, exame radiográfico e ultrassonográfico e exame histopatológico de fragmento do orgão colhido por meio de biópsia hepática. O objetivo com o presente estudo é avaliar as possíveis alterações clínicas e laboratoriais induzidas pela realização da técnica de biópsia hepática percutânea guiada por ultrassom em equinos. Para tanto foram utilizados oito equinos sem raça definida (SRD) adultos, machos ou fêmeas, entre 5 e 10 anos de idade, alocados aleatoriamente em dois grupos experimentais, cada grupo sendo composto por quatro animais. O modelo experimental utilizado foi o “crossing over”, assim os grupos experimentais foram invertidos após um período de descanso de seis meses. Os animais do primeiro grupo, denominado G1, foram submetidos à biópsia hepática, enquanto os animais do grupo denominado G2 serviram como grupo controle, sendo submetidos a todos os procedimentos, exceto à biópsia hepática. Foram realizadas colheitas de sangue e de fluido peritoneal para análise hematimétrica, leucométrica e bioquímica, além de exames físicos diários. As variáveis analisadas não apresentaram diferença estatística entre os grupos Controle e Biópsia, com excessão da coloração do fluido peritoneal que se tornou avermelhado após a biópsia. Conclui-se que a técnica de biópsia ...
Liver diseases are very common in livestock animals and are responsible for numerous economic losses, associated not only with death but also with low production rates and expenses with diagnostic exams and treatments. Hepatic diseases in horses are relatively frequent and it can harm animals of all ages, sex and breeds. The diagnosis of liver affections in domestic animals is made with biochemical analyses, x-ray and ultrasound exams, and histopathological exam of liver fragment obtained by a liver biopsy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible clinical and laboratorial changes induced by the percutaneous liver biopsy technique guided by ultrasound in horses. Eight adult horses, male or female, ages ranged from 5 to 10 years, were used in this study. The animals were divided into two experimental groups: control group and biopsy group. Peritoneal fluid and blood samples were collected for hematimetric, leucometric and biochemicanalysis, besides the daily physical exams. The analyzed variables did not differ statistically in between the two groups, regardless the peritoneal fluid color witch became reddish after the biopsy was done. In conclusion, the Tru-cut liver biopsy technique is safe and efficient; its use for diagnoses purposes of hospital routine of liver diseases in horses ...
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Queiroz, Daniela Junqueira de. "Alterações clínicas e laboratoriais de equinos submetidos à biópsia hepática com agulha Tru-cut guiada por ultrassom /." Jaboticabal, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/122008.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: José Corrêa de Lacerda NetoBanca: Julio Carlos Canola
Banca: Gesiane Ribeiro Leão Ferraz
Resumo: As doenças hepáticas são bastante comuns nos animais pecuários e responsáveis por inúmeras perdas econômicas, associadas não apenas à morte como também à diminuição da produção e do rendimento e aos gastos com exames diagnósticos e tratamentos. Em equinos as afecções hepáticas são bastante frequentes, acometendo animais de todas as idades e raças, tanto machos quanto fêmeas. O diagnóstico das afecções hepáticas em animais domésticos é feito por análises bioquímicas, exame radiográfico e ultrassonográfico e exame histopatológico de fragmento do orgão colhido por meio de biópsia hepática. O objetivo com o presente estudo é avaliar as possíveis alterações clínicas e laboratoriais induzidas pela realização da técnica de biópsia hepática percutânea guiada por ultrassom em equinos. Para tanto foram utilizados oito equinos sem raça definida (SRD) adultos, machos ou fêmeas, entre 5 e 10 anos de idade, alocados aleatoriamente em dois grupos experimentais, cada grupo sendo composto por quatro animais. O modelo experimental utilizado foi o "crossing over", assim os grupos experimentais foram invertidos após um período de descanso de seis meses. Os animais do primeiro grupo, denominado G1, foram submetidos à biópsia hepática, enquanto os animais do grupo denominado G2 serviram como grupo controle, sendo submetidos a todos os procedimentos, exceto à biópsia hepática. Foram realizadas colheitas de sangue e de fluido peritoneal para análise hematimétrica, leucométrica e bioquímica, além de exames físicos diários. As variáveis analisadas não apresentaram diferença estatística entre os grupos Controle e Biópsia, com excessão da coloração do fluido peritoneal que se tornou avermelhado após a biópsia. Conclui-se que a técnica de biópsia ...
Abstract: Liver diseases are very common in livestock animals and are responsible for numerous economic losses, associated not only with death but also with low production rates and expenses with diagnostic exams and treatments. Hepatic diseases in horses are relatively frequent and it can harm animals of all ages, sex and breeds. The diagnosis of liver affections in domestic animals is made with biochemical analyses, x-ray and ultrasound exams, and histopathological exam of liver fragment obtained by a liver biopsy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible clinical and laboratorial changes induced by the percutaneous liver biopsy technique guided by ultrasound in horses. Eight adult horses, male or female, ages ranged from 5 to 10 years, were used in this study. The animals were divided into two experimental groups: control group and biopsy group. Peritoneal fluid and blood samples were collected for hematimetric, leucometric and biochemicanalysis, besides the daily physical exams. The analyzed variables did not differ statistically in between the two groups, regardless the peritoneal fluid color witch became reddish after the biopsy was done. In conclusion, the Tru-cut liver biopsy technique is safe and efficient; its use for diagnoses purposes of hospital routine of liver diseases in horses ...
Mestre
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Arrata, Irene Jeanne Marie. "Towards bionic proteins." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/17171/.
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De novo design of foldamers is a current challenge in chemical biology. Overcoming it is essential in order to expand the protein toolbox and access “bionic proteins”, i.e. proteins comprising non-natural segments, with enhanced biological functions. Since the alpha-helix represents the most abundant motif in protein structure, alpha-helix mimicry is a key approach to building foldamers and a stepping-stone towards generating bionic proteins. The current state-of-the-art on bottom-up foldamer synthesis for the mimicry of alpha-helices is described in Chapter 1. The Wilson Group focuses on aromatic oligoamide proteomimetics for the modulation of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) involved in known diseases. The work presented in this thesis aimed at building a basis towards the elaboration of bionic proteins, by proving that such proteomimetics can be used to build novel 3-dimensional constructs. 3-O-alkylated and N-alkylated oligobenzamides with complementary charged side-chains were designed to produce self-assembling foldamers. The synthesis and conformational study of dimers and trimers is reported in Chapter 2. This forms the groundwork towards generating proteomimetic-based coiled coils. An Affimer is a non-antibody-based scaffold, used in tandem with phage display. A small library of biotinylated N-alkylated proteomimetic inhibitors of p53/hDM2 was screened against an Affimer library. The investigation of the Affimer/foldamer interactions are reported in Chapter 3. Taken together, these results demonstrate that aromatic oligoamides are suitable building blocks for producing non-natural peptide sequences in order to generate bionic proteins.
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Bissoli, Ednilse D'Amico Galego [UNESP]. "Técnica de biopsia renal de janela modificada com exteriorização do rim em gatos. Estudo das complicações clínicas, alterações laboratoriais e qualidade das amostras obtidas." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89312.
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bissoli_edg_me_botfmvz.pdf: 641017 bytes, checksum: 0b08b2ad7a2c38242d17418128347169 (MD5)Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Objetivando avaliar a viabilidade da técnica de biopsia renal de janela modificada com exteriorização do rim em gatos, foram estudadas as complicações decorrentes do procedimento e a qualidade das amostras obtidas. Para tanto, foram utilizados 25 gatos, sem raça definida, adultos, machos e com peso corporal entre 2,5 e 5 kg, pertencendo a um único grupo. A biopsia renal, pela técnica de janela modificada foi realizada nos rins esquerdo e direito utilizando-se agulhas do tipo Spring-Cut, semi-automatizadas de 18 gauge. Os animais foram avaliados antes e após a biopsia, em intervalos de 2, 24 e 168 horas. Os animais foram acompanhados por meio de exame clínico e testes laboratoriais durante este período. A qualidade das amostras de biopsia foi avaliada pela microscopia de luz, de acordo com o número de glomérulos existentes, sendo considerado como padrão para a classificação da amostra, a presença de no mínimo cinco glomérulos por biopsia. As principais alterações clínicas observadas após a biopsia renal foram presença de hematúria transitória e formação de hematomas perirrenais. Nenhum animal do experimento veio a óbito ou apresentou complicações maiores. Das amostras de biopsia avaliadas, 84% apresentaram cinco ou mais glomérulos. Desta forma, conclui-se que a técnica estudada associada ao tipo de agulha utilizada (Spring-Cut semi-automatizada) pode ser considerada segura e de grande valor diagnóstico.
Aiming to evaluate the technical viability of modified keyhole renal biopsy with open up of the Kidney in cats, it was studied the involvement originated from the procedures and the quality of the acquired samples. For that, it was used 25 cats with no defined breed, adults, male and weighing between 2 and a half and 5 kilos, belonging in just on group. The renal biopsy, by modified keyhole technique was performed in the right and left kidney using Spring Cut needles, semiautomatic of 18 gauge. The animals were evaluated before and after the biopsy, in a period of 2, 24 and 168 hours.The animals wore to be present at by clinic examination and laboratory tests during this period. It was done the observation by light microscopy, according to existent glomeruli, it was considered as pattern for the sample classification, the presence of at least 5 glomeruli for the biopsy. The main observed clinical alterations after the renal biopsy was the presence of transitory haematuria and formation of subcapsular haematomas. No animal from the experience has died or shoed serious complications. From the evaluated biopsy samples, 84% showed five or more glomeruli. Then, it is inferred that the studied technique associated with the used needle (Spring-Cut semiautomatic) can be considered safe and great diagnostic value.
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Riedel, Tim. "Experimentelle und klinische Evaluation eines Navigationssystems für Interventionen an einem herkömmlichen MRT." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-104636.
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Mit Hilfe eines kommerziellen, am Universitätsklinikum Leipzig vorhandenen
Navigationssystems (Localite) ist es möglich, Interventionen in einer herkömmlichen MRTUmgebung
unter Echtzeitnavigation durchzuführen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden die
Genauigkeit, Benutzerfreundlichkeit sowie der Zeitaufwand für perkutane Punktionen mit
diesem System untersucht.
Zur Navigation wird das jeweilige Instrument optisch verfolgt. Die automatische
Patientenregistrierung außerhalb des MR-Tunnels erfolgt über eine einmalige 3DLokalisation
spezieller MR-Marker. 24 Operateure mit unterschiedlicher radiologischer
Erfahrung führten insgesamt 240 unterschiedlich schwere Punktionen an einem selbst
entwickelten Phantom durch. Nach diesen Versuchen füllten die Operateure einen Fragebogen
zur Handhabbarkeit des Systems aus. Zudem wurden 24 klinische perkutane Interventionen in
nicht atemverschieblichen Körperregionen ausgewertet. Für alle Biopsien wurden Zeiten für
charakteristische Arbeitsschritte dokumentiert.
Die Treffergenauigkeit war im Phantomexperiment für alle Gruppen relativ hoch (Fachärzte:
93%, Assistenzärzte: 88%, Studenten 81%; Cochran p=0,104). Die dazugehörigen
durchschnittlichen Zeiten für einen Biopsiezyklus lagen, gemessen in Minuten, bei 4:13 (FÄ),
4:42 (AÄ) und 5:06 (MS) (P<0,001). Die subjektiven Bewertungen des Navigationssystems
an Hand der Aussagen (Items) des Fragebogens zeigten keine Abhängigkeit vom
Erfahrungsgrad des Operateurs. Die diagnostische Genauigkeit der klinischen Interventionen
lag bei 92%. Die mittlere Interventionszeit betrug dabei 18 min.
Das Navigationssystem wurde erfolgreich für Interventionen in verschiedenen
Körperregionen eingesetzt. Die Genauigkeit und die benötigten Eingriffszeiten sind mit
anderen in der Literatur beschriebenen MRT-geführten Interventionen vergleichbar. Auch
unerfahrene Operateure konnten das Navigationssystem relativ schnell und sicher anwenden.
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Castro, Leonardo Maggio de. "Avaliação de nova técnica de biopsia intestinal assistida por videolaparoscopia em equinos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10137/tde-14092016-125244/.
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As doenças do trato digestório nos equinos apresentam altas taxas de morbidade e mortalidade, com diferentes etiologias. Em alguns casos, o emprego da biopsia intestinal se faz necessário para auxílio no diagnóstico dessas enfermidades. No entanto, as técnicas convencionais podem trazer riscos aos pacientes, por serem invasivas, ou não serem elucidativas por apresentarem limitações de acesso a determinados segmentos. O presente estudo teve como objetivo validar uma técnica de biopsia intestinal, intracorpórea, assistida por videolaparoscopia, ainda não descrita na literatura, para coleta de fragmentos de mucosa de jejuno e cólon menor de equinos, que sejam considerados adequados para avaliação histológica. Para tanto, foram utilizados seis equinos machos, da raça Puro Sangue Árabe, com idade de dois anos, sem histórico prévio de doenças do trato digestório, com peso médio de 267 kg. Todos os animais foram submetidos ao mesmo procedimento laparoscópico, instituindo-se apenas jejum alimentar prévio de oito horas. Os equinos foram acompanhados com exame físico e de ultrassonografia abdominal, desde o dia precedente às laparoscopias, até o 15º dia do período pós-operatório, bem como avaliados por meio de hemograma, provas de funções hepática e renal, e análise do líquido peritoneal nos dias 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, 21 e 30. O tempo cirúrgico foi cronometrado, sendo registrado o tempo total, iniciado na criação do primeiro portal de acesso e finalizado ao término da sutura de pele, e os tempos parciais para biopsia de jejuno e cólon menor separadamente, com início na apreensão do segmento intestinal e término quando constatada a polimerização da cola cirúrgica sobre o orifício de acesso da agulha. De cada segmento obtiveram-se dez fragmentos, e posteriormente submetidos à análise histológica. Atribuiu-se escore para cada um deles, sendo considerado 0 fragmentos com qualidade ruim; 1 para qualidade boa e 2 para qualidade ótima. Por sua vez, os considerados viáveis foram somente os que se enquadraram nos escores 1 e 2. Amostras avaliadas como adequadas 11 apresentaram no mínimo 50% dos fragmentos viáveis. A média do tempo total de procedimento foi de 66,50 minutos (± 7,87), enquanto a média do tempo parcial para biopsia de jejuno foi de 14,2 minutos (± 4,3) e a de cólon menor 12,7 minutos (± 5,0). Clinicamente, os animais apresentaram desconforto abdominal nas primeiras 48 horas. Os exames ultrassonográficos do abdômen não revelaram alterações condizentes com peritonite ao longo de todo experimento. Os parâmetros laboratoriais apresentaram apenas características inflamatórias, sendo que o líquido peritoneal permaneceu alterado até o 21º de pós-operatório, havendo normalização de todos os seus valores no 30º dia do estudo. Na inspeção laparoscópica de dois equinos (E2, E4) foi identificada aderência de porção de omento no diafragma. Nas avaliações histológicas de jejuno, uma amostra (E5) de seis foi considerada inadequada, com 5/12 fragmentos viáveis, e em cólon menor, duas (E1, E2) de seis, foram inadequadas, com 4/9 e 5/10 fragmentos viáveis respectivamente. A nova técnica de biopsia intestinal possibilitou a coleta de amostras adequadas de mucosa para análise histológica, de forma segura para os animais, uma vez que as alterações clínicas e laboratoriais foram aquelas relacionadas ao processo inflamatório, compatível com procedimentos laparoscópicos na espécieGastrointestinal diseases in horses result in high rates of morbidity and mortality, with different aetiologies. In some cases, an intestinal biopsy is needed to aid in the diagnosis of such diseases. However, the conventional techniques can pose risks to patients for being invasive or for not being elucidating due to having limitations in accessing certain segments. The objective of this study was to validate an intestinal biopsy technique, intracorporeal, assisted by laparoscopy, which has not yet been described in the literature, to collect mucosal fragments from the jejuno and small colon, which might be considered suitable for histological assessment. For such, six male horses were used, Arabian breed, with two years of age, without any records of abdominal diseases, weighing 267 kg in average. All horses were subjected to the same laparoscopic procedure, fasting for eight hours previously to the procedure. All horses were monitored through physical examination and abdominal ultrasonography, from the day previous to laparoscopy, until the 15th postoperative day, as well as hemogram, tests of liver and kidney functions, and analysis of the peritoneal fluid in days 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, 21 and 30. The total laparoscopic procedure time was registered, starting at the moment of the first incision and ending at the moment of the skin closure. The partial times for the jejunal biopsy and small colon biopsy were recorded as well, starting at the grasping of the intestinal segment and ending at the moment of polymerization of the surgical adhesive on the needle access site. From each segment, ten fragments were collected and later subjected to histological analysis. A score was assigned for each one of them, being scored \"0\" fragments of poor quality; \"1\" fragments of good quality and \"2\" fragments of optimal quality. The samples considered viable were only the ones which scored 1 and 2. The samples deemed as adequate showed at least 50% of it fragments to be viable. The average of the surgery total time was of 66,50 minutes (± 7.87), whereas the average of the jejunal biopsy was of 14.2 minutes (± 4.3) and the small colon biopsy time was of 12.7 minutes ( ± 5.0). Clinically, the animals showed mild abdominal 13 discomfort in the first 48 hours. Ultrasonographic examination of the abdomen did not reveal any alterations consistent with peritonitis throughout the entire experiment period. Laboratory parameters presented inflammatory characteristics, and the peritoneal fluid remained altered until the 21th postoperative day, with normalization of all its values on the 30th day of the study. During the laparoscopic inspection of two horses (E2, E4) was identified partial omental adhesion with the diaphragm. In the jejunal histological evaluations, one sample (E5) of six was considered inadequate, with 5/12 viable fragments, and as for the small colon, two (E1, E2) of six were inadequate, with 4/9 and 5/10 viable fragments respectively. The new technique proposed allowed a safe collection of adequate mucosal samples for histological analysis, since clinical and laboratory abnormalities identified were related to the inflammatory process associated to the laparoscopic techniques in horses
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Busse, Harald, Tim Riedel, Nikita Garnov, Gregor Thörmer, Thomas Kahn, and Michael Moche. "Targeting accuracy, procedure times and user experience of 240 experimental MRI biopsies guided by a clinical add-on navigation system." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-176108.
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Objectives: MRI is of great clinical utility for the guidance of special diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. The majority of such procedures are performed iteratively (\"in-and-out\") in standard,
closed-bore MRI systems with control imaging inside the bore and needle adjustments outside the bore. The fundamental limitations of such an approach have led to the development of various assistance techniques, from simple guidance tools to advanced navigation systems. The purpose of this work was to thoroughly assess the targeting accuracy, workflow and usability of a clinical add-on navigation solution on 240 simulated biopsies by different
medical operators.
Methods: Navigation relied on a virtual 3D MRI scene with real-time overlay of the optically tracked biopsy needle. Smart reference markers on a freely adjustable arm ensured proper registration.
Twenty-four operators – attending (AR) and resident radiologists (RR) as well as medical students (MS) – performed well-controlled biopsies of 10 embedded model targets (mean diameter: 8.5 mm, insertion depths: 17-76 mm). Targeting accuracy, procedure times and 13 Likert scores on system performance were determined (strong agreement: 5.0).
Results: Differences in diagnostic success rates (AR: 93%, RR: 88%, MS: 81%) were not significant. In contrast, between-group differences in biopsy times (AR: 4:15, RR: 4:40, MS: 5:06 min: sec) differed significantly (p<0.01). Mean overall rating was 4.2. The average operator would use the system again (4.8) and stated that the outcome justifies the extra effort (4.4). Lowest agreement was reported for the robustness against external perturbations (2.8).
Conclusions: The described combination of optical tracking technology with an automatic MRI registration appears to be sufficiently accurate for instrument guidance in a standard (closed-bore) MRI environment. High targeting accuracy and usability was demonstrated on a relatively large number of procedures and operators. Between groups with different expertise there were significant differences in experimental procedure times but not in the number of successful
biopsies.
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RICCI, SARA. "Study of biotic and abiotic stresses in Solanaceae by metabolic and proteomic approaches." Doctoral thesis, Università di Foggia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11369/363315.
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Marynenko, L. V. "The bionic sense organs." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/33760.
Full textAbstract:
The Bionic Ear is properly called a cochlear implant.
It is an artificial hearing tool which stimulates nerves, using electricity, in the inner ear.
The Bionic Ear helps a deaf person to hear another person speak.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/33760
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Mendonça, Victor Hugo [UNESP]. "Quantificação de proteínas de fase aguda em éguas doadoras de embrião da raça quarto de milha." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88172.
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mendonca_vh_me_araca.pdf: 468913 bytes, checksum: 8c8b58b207927414e570fc0da4f9dd42 (MD5)A eficiência reprodutiva em éguas é geralmente baixa, sendo que 43% de éguas puro-sangue falham em conceber um potro vivo. Infecção bacteriana no lúmen uterino é uma das principais causas de infertilidade em éguas. O exame citológico do endométrio é o mais importante método auxiliar no controle da saúde genital da égua devido ao seu baixo custo, fácil emprego e a possibilidade de rápido diagnóstico de processos inflamatórios, mesmo que subclínicos. A indução experimental de endometrite por inóculos de E. coli em éguas promoveu um aumento significativo nas proteínas de fase aguda (APPs) sistemicamente demonstrado pelo aumento nas concentrações da proteína amiloide sérica A (SAA) e fibrinogênio, leucopenia transitória e aumento da expressão de mRNA de citocinas e SAA no endométrio (METTE et al., 2010). Os objetivos do presente estudo foram correlacionar os achados de exames ultrassonográficos e hematológicos com culturas microbiológicas, citologia e histopatologia endometrial de éguas que apresentam endometrite ou histórico reprodutivo insatisfatório, avaliar a influência das lavagens uterinas no ambiente uterino e determinar qual(is) proteína(s) de fase aguda poderia(m) ser utilizada(s) como marcador(es) da resposta inflamatória sistêmica. Doze éguas da raça Quarto de Milha, divididas em dois grupos: controle e com endometrite (n=6), foram avaliadas quanto aos parâmetros hematológicos, swab uterino para cultivo microbiológico, citologia endometrial, biópsia uterina, e eletroforese do soro para determinação das concentrações de proteínas de fase aguda, antes e após o processo de lavagem uterina. Os resultados do presente estudo mostraram que a cultura microbiológica associada ao exame citológico do endométrio possibilitaram a fácil identificação e classificação da endometrite já instalada...
The reproductive efficiency of mares is generally low, and 43% of Thoroughbred mares fail to conceive a live foal. Bacterial infection of the uterine lumen is a major cause of infertility in mares. The cytological examination of the endometrium is the most important method to assist in controlling the genital health of the mare due to its low cost, is easy to use and provides a rapid diagnosis of inflammatory processes. Experimental induction of endometritis by an inoculum of E. coli in mares caused a significant increase in acute phase proteins (APPs) systemically demonstrated by increased concentrations of serum amyloid A protein (SAA) and fibrinogen, transient leucopenia and increased mRNA expression of cytokines and SAA in the endometrium.The aim of this study was to correlate the ultrasonographic and hematological findings with results of the microbiological cultures, endometrial cytology and histopathology in mares with endometritis or poor reproductive history, assess the influence of uterine flushings in the uterine environment and determine which acute phase protein(s) might be used as a marker of systemic inflammatory response and evaluate the influence of uterine lavages on the uterine environment. Twelve Quarter Horse mares were divided into 2 groups: control and with endometritis (n=6) and were evaluated for hematological variables, uterine swab for microbiological culture, endometrial cytology, uterine biopsy and serum electrophoresis for determination of acute phase proteins concentrations before and after uterine lavage. The results of this study showed that the microbial culture associated with endometrial cytology allowed easy identification and classification of endometritis, and the histopathology was necessary to identify subclinical and/or chronic... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Raminhos, Raquel Sofia Fortuna. "Estudo retrospectivo de nódulos cutâneos em animais de companhia : uma crescente preocupação." Master's thesis, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/3627.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina VeterináriaDizem-se nódulos cutâneos as elevações circunscritas da pele, cujo diâmetro é normalmente superior a 1cm e que podem ter causas inflamatórias, neoplásicas ou outras. Para alguns proprietários, os nódulos cutâneos (e subcutâneos) tornaram-se numa real preocupação; noutros casos, cabe ao Médico Veterinário alertar para estas lesões, informando os proprietários sobre a importância de um diagnóstico e tratamento célere. Assim, a citologia surge como um método de diagnóstico complementar útil, permitindo, geralmente, avançar no plano de acção adequado à obtenção do melhor prognóstico. Foi objectivo desta dissertação determinar as frequências de 109 nódulos cutâneos, avaliados por citologia entre 1 de Janeiro de 2009 e 31 de Dezembro de 2010, bem como estudar as lesões mais frequentes em aspectos relacionados com a idade, espécie, raça e sexo dos animais envolvidos, reunindo conhecimentos sobre os diferentes nódulos e sobre a citologia como método auxiliar de diagnóstico. Assim, das 109 citologias, 69,7% foram diagnosticadas como neoplasias, 15,6% como lesões inflamatórias e 13,8% como lesões não inflamatórias e não neoplásicas, havendo 0,9% de citologias inconclusivas. O lipoma assumiu-se como a lesão mais prevalente no grupo de estudo, sendo responsável por cerca de 22,9% das lesões.
ABSTRACT - Retrospective study about cutaneous nodules in companion animals - a growing concern - Cutaneous nodules are defined as skin circunscript elevations, with diameter commonly bigger than 1cm, that can result of inflammatory, neoplasic or other causes. For some owners, cutaneous (and subcutaneous) nodules became a real concern; in other cases, it is the Veterinary’s responsibility to alert the owner to this problem, informing about the importance of a quick diagnosis and treatment. Thus, cytology appears as a useful complementary diagnostic method, usually allowing to progress in the appropriate course of actions, achieving the best prognosis. This study sought to assess the frequences of 109 cutaneous nodules, evaluated by cytology, between January 1st, 2009 and December 31st, 2010, as well as studying the most frequent lesions in terms of the animal’s age, species, breed and sex, while gathering information about the different nodules and cytology as a diagnostic method. As a result, of the 109 cytologies, 69,7% were diagnosed as neoplastic lesions, 15,6% as inflammatory lesions and 13,8% as non-inflammatory and non-neoplastic lesions, having 0,9% of inconclusive cytologies. The lipoma was the most prevalent lesion in the study group, accounting for about 22,9% of the lesions.
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ARLANCH, FRANCESCO. "La struttura drammaturgica del film biografico nel cinema di Hollywood e nella televisione italiana." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/126.
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La tesi indaga le caratteristiche strutturali dei film di genere biografico prodotti nel contesto del cinema statunitense e della televisione italiana. Riconosciuto nel fatto che il personaggio protagonista è costruito ad imitazione della persona realmente esistita di cui porta il nome l'aspetto identificativo superficiale del film biografico, viene proposta la seguente, nuova interpretazione: quello biografico è un film la cui struttura drammaturgica esprime sulla forma di vita del proprio personaggio protagonista un giudizio di redenzione o di dannazione.The dissertation explores the distinctive structural features of the biographical pictures produced by the U.S. film industry and by the Italian TV. Assuming that a biographical picture is a film that dramatizes the life of an actual person, we propose here a new interpretation: in a biographical picture the dramatic structure expresses a judgement of redemption or damnation on the protagonist and his life story.
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ARLANCH, FRANCESCO. "La struttura drammaturgica del film biografico nel cinema di Hollywood e nella televisione italiana." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/126.
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La tesi indaga le caratteristiche strutturali dei film di genere biografico prodotti nel contesto del cinema statunitense e della televisione italiana. Riconosciuto nel fatto che il personaggio protagonista è costruito ad imitazione della persona realmente esistita di cui porta il nome l'aspetto identificativo superficiale del film biografico, viene proposta la seguente, nuova interpretazione: quello biografico è un film la cui struttura drammaturgica esprime sulla forma di vita del proprio personaggio protagonista un giudizio di redenzione o di dannazione.The dissertation explores the distinctive structural features of the biographical pictures produced by the U.S. film industry and by the Italian TV. Assuming that a biographical picture is a film that dramatizes the life of an actual person, we propose here a new interpretation: in a biographical picture the dramatic structure expresses a judgement of redemption or damnation on the protagonist and his life story.
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Ferolla, Ana Carolina Junqueira. "Estudo da pele fotoenvelhecida antes e após esfoliação química com o ácido pirúvico a 80%: análise clínica, histopatológica e imunohistoquímica da proliferação celular." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5133/tde-05092014-113030/.
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Neste estudo foi avaliado o fotoenvelhecimento cutâneo dos membros superiores clinica, anatomo e imunohistoquimicamente, em 22 pacientes do sexo feminino, com idade acima de 50 anos, antes e após quatro sessões de esfoliação química com ácido pirúvico 80% com intervalo quinzenal. Clinicamente foram avaliados o envelhecimento cutâneo por meio da elastose clínica, rugas profundas e superficiais; lesões de queratose actinica e melanose solar. As biópsias foram avaliadas pela coloração hematoxilina-eosina e posteriormente coradas pelo marcador imunohistoquímico Ki-67, marcador de proliferação celular. A avaliação anatomopatológica foi embasada no estudo das alterações epidérmicas (hiperqueratose, presença de acantose ou atrofia, atipia celular e retificação da epiderme), enquanto a alteração dérmica foi avaliada pela degeneração basofílica do colágeno. As células coradas pelo marcador imunohistoquímico de proliferação celular, o Ki-67, foram contadas e comparadas antes e após as quatro esfoliações. Concluímos que o ácido pirúvico 80% se mostrou eficaz no tratamento clínico do fotoenvelhecimento (77,3%) e na queratose actinica (72,7%); resultados estatisticamente significantes, porém tanto a avaliação das lesões de melanose solar quanto a avaliação histopatológica epidérmica e dérmica não foram estatisticamente significantes. O Ki-67, marcador da proliferação celular se mostrou aumentado na maioria dos pacientes (52,63%), resultado este também estatisticamente não significanteThis study assessed skin photoaging of the upper limbs by clinical, anatomical and immunohistochemical analyses in 22 female patients, aged over 50 years, before and after 4 sessions of chemical exfoliation with pyruvic acid at 80% within quartely intervals. From a clinically perspective, we assessed skin aging by clinical elastosis, deep or superficial wrinkles, actinic keratosis and solar melanosis damage before and after 4 exfoliations. Biopsies were assessed by hematoxylin-eosin staining and later stained with the immunohistochemical marker Ki-67, a marker of cellular proliferation. Clinical pathology analysis was based on the study of epidermal abnormalities (hyperkeratosis, acanthosis and atrophy, cellular atypia and epidermal rectification), whereas dermal abnormalities were assessed by collagen basophilic degeneration. The cells stained by the immunohistochemical marker of cellular proliferation Ki-67 were counted and compared before and after the 4 exfoliations. The purpose of the study was to investigate the use of pyruvic acid in the treatment of photoaging, assessing its clinical abnormalities, action in actinic keratosis and solar melanosis damage, as well as epidermal and dermal abnormalities in the clinical pathology and the repercussions in cell proliferation. Clinical pathology analysis was based on the study of epidermal abnormalities (hyperkeratosis, acanthosis and atrophy, cellular atypia and epidermal rectification), whereas dermal abnormalities were assessed by collagen basophilic degeneration. The cells stained by the immunohistochemical marker of cellular proliferation Ki67 were counted and compared before and after the 4 exfoliations. We concluded that pyruvic acid at 80% was effective for clinically managing photoaging (77,3%) and actinic keratosis (72,7%). These results were statistically significant whereas the results for dermal and epidermel histopathology assessment of solar melanosis damage were not. Ki-67, a marker of cell proliferation, was increased in most of the patients (52,63%), but did not result in statistically significant differences
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Vieira, Christophe. "Lobophora : biotic interactions and diversification." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066195.
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L'algue brune Lobophora représente une composante benthique importante au sein des récifs coralliens tropicaux, et a à attirer dès le début des années 80 l'attention des écologistes marins en proliférant de façon remarquable au détriment des coraux. Les écologistes marins ne s’accordent toujours pas pour conclure si le changement de communauté au profit des macroalgues représente une conséquence ou une cause de la dégradation des coraux. Alors que Lobophora a fait l'objet d'observations contradictoires en termes de susceptibilité à l’herbivorie et des effets sur les coraux, les preuves suggèrent que sa prolifération dans les récifs coralliens est opportuniste et symptomatique de la dégradation des récifs. Taxonomiquement, Lobophora ne représentait que 11 espèces décrites au début de cette étude, et pratiquement toutes les espèces de Lobophora rapportées dans le monde avaient été assignées à L. variegata, décrite dans les Caraïbes. Cette étude vise à apporter un nouvel éclairage taxonomique et écologique sur ce taxon algal sujet de controverses écologiques. En utilisant une approche taxonomique basée sur l'ADN nous avons réévalué la diversité des espèces de ce genre en Nouvelle-Calédonie et au niveau mondial. Les résultats dévoilent une remarquable diversité, multipliant par 10 le nombre d’espèces jusque là reconnues. Nous avons testé si les différentes espèces de Lobophora étaient chimiquement différentes et si elles variaient (1) en toxicité envers différents coraux, et (2) en susceptibilité aux herbivores. Nous avons montré que le genre Lobophora était intrinsèquement capable de blanchir certains coraux, et nous avons isolé trois nouveaux alcools polyinsaturés C21 nommés lobophorenols A-C avec des propriétés de blanchissement. Néanmoins, les observations in situ en Nouvelle-Calédonie indiquent que, bien qu’elles soient potentiellement armées au plan chimique, les espèces de Lobophora n’induisent pas ou rarement le blanchissement de leurs hôtes coralliens, soulevant ainsi la question de l'emplacement de ces composants bioactifs dans l’algue et des facteurs environnementaux permettant leur libération supposée. Nous avons également montré que les herbivores consomment indistinctement les espèces de Lobophora. D’après ces résultats nous pouvons conclure que : (1) au sein de récifs en bonne santé, les coraux et les Lobophora maintiennent un statu quo résultant probablement d’une médiation chimique ; (2) la défense chimique ne dissuade apparemment pas le broutage des Lobophora par les principaux herbivores ; (3) il est probable que Lobophora échappe au broutage en se développant par exemple entre les branches des coraux. Le genre Lobophora représente un excellent modèle pour étudier le rôle de la spéciation écologique des algues au sein des récifs coralliens. Aussi, les études futures devront étudier le rôle des métabolites secondaires des Lobophora et enquêter sur les facteurs écologiques responsables de la diversification impressionnante de cette algueThe brown alga Lobophora represents a notable benthic component in tropical coral reefs, and began drawing the attention of marine ecologists by achieving impressive blooms at the expense of corals since the early 80s. Marine ecologists are still debating whether or not macroalgal dominance represents a consequence or cause of coral degradation. While Lobophora has been the object of contradictory observations in terms of susceptibility to herbivory and effects on corals, evidence tends to suggest that episodes of reef take-over are opportunistic and symptomatic of reef degradation. From a taxonomic point of view, only 11 species of Lobophora were recognized at the beginning of this study, and virtually all species of Lobophora reported around the world had been assigned to L. variegata, originally described from the Caribbean. This study intends to shed new taxonomical and ecological insights on this algal taxon. Using a DNA-based taxonomical approach we reassessed the species diversity of this genus at a local scale in New Caledonia and subsequently on a global level. Results disclosed a remarkable global diversity, increasing our taxonomic knowledge of this genus by no less than 10 folds. From an ecological perspective, we tested if different species of Lobophora were differentially (1) capable of chemically damaging scleractinian corals, and (2) susceptible to herbivory. We showed that the genus Lobophora was inherently capable of bleaching certain coral species, and we isolated three new C21 polyunsaturated alcohols named lobophorenols A-C with bleaching properties. Nevertheless, in situ observations in New Caledonia indicated that although potentially chemically armed, Lobophora species did not or rarely bleached their coral hosts, thereby raising the issue of the location of these bioactive components and the environmental factors enabling their putative release by the alga. We also showed that herbivores indiscriminately consumed Lobophora species. From the results of allelopathic bioassays and grazing experiments we conclude that: (1) corals and Lobophora maintain a chemical-mediated status quo on healthy reefs; (2) chemical defense apparently does not deter grazing of Lobophora by prominent herbivores; (3) it is more likely that Lobophora avoids being grazed by escape strategies such as growing under the coral canopy. The genus Lobophora represents an excellent model to study the role of ecological speciation in macroalgae within coral reefs. Therefore, future studies should be targeted at investigating the role of Lobophora secondary metabolites and exploring the ecological factors responsible for the impressive diversification of this alga
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Parkhomenko, Y. Y. "Bionic hand that can feel." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/33787.
Full textAbstract:
Those who have lost a limb such as a hand have long had the option of using a prosthetic to restore some lost functionality. Studies have shown that as many as 50 percent of prosthetic wearers rarely use them due to appearance and poor controllability.
A new breakthrough in prosthesis has delivered a bionic hand that is capable of feeling just like the organic limb it replaces.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/33787
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Kim, Jeena. "Tea Parties, Fairy Dust, and Cultural Memory: The Maintenance and Development of Alice in Wonderland and Peter Pan Over Time." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1404780148.
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Cipullo, Reginaldo. "Vasculites e lesões isquêmicas imunomediadas como fatores preditores de mau prognóstico no transplante cardíaco." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5156/tde-04112010-150625/.
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INTRODUÇÃO: O significado clínico das vasculites, lesões isquêmicas, efeito Quilty e da presença de eosinófilos em biópsias endomiocardicas de receptores de transplante cardíaco com rejeições leves não foi ainda estabelecido. OBJETIVOS: Verificar se estes achados histológicos encontrados nas biópsias endomiocardicas (eosinófilos, vasculites, efeito Quilty e lesões isquêmicas) são capazes de predizer rejeição aguda do enxerto acompanhada ou não de grave comprometimento hemodinâmico e morte por rejeição aguda. MÉTODOS: Foram reavaliadas 939 biópsias endomiocardicas consecutivas classificadas como OR ou 1R pela de 2005 da Nomenclatura da Sociedade Internacional de Transplante de Coração e Pulmão e dividimos estas em dois grupos (1) Biópsias preditoras: aquelas que precederam rejeição aguda, rejeição aguda associada à grave comprometimento hemodinâmico ou morte e (2) Biópsias não preditoras aquelas que não precederam eventos clínicos. Comparamos a ocorrência dos seguintes achados histológicos: vasculites, lesões isquêmicas, efeito Quilty e eosinófilos por análise uni e multivariada entre os grupos. RESULTADOS: Após análise estatística verificou-se que a presença de vasculite intensa e de eosinófilos como maiores preditores tanto para rejeição aguda futura, apresentando respectivamente as seguintes razões de chance: 10,60 (IC95%: 3,62 31,06. p<0,001) e 6,26 (IC95%:3,16 12,43. p< 0,001) , quanto para rejeição aguda associada á grave comprometimento hemodinâmico, que para este desfecho clínico apresentaram respectivamente as seguintes razões de chance 7,52 (IC95%: 1,45-38,93. p=0,016) e 6,61 (IC95%: 2,38 18,31. p< 0,001), e também para morte em decorrência a rejeição aguda com as respectivas razões de chance: 11,20 (IC95%: 3,53 36,17. p < 0, 001) e 14,50 (IC95%: 2,19 36,17. p = 0,006). CONCLUSÕES: Vasculites intensas e eosinófilos em biópsias do miocárdio são os principais fatores preditores de rejeição aguda, rejeição aguda associada à grave comprometimento hemodinâmico e morte pós - transplante cardíacoINTRODUCTION: The clinical meaning of vasculitis, ischemic lesions, Quilty effect and the presence of eosinophils in endomyocardial biopsies of transplant recipients with mild rejections have not been established yet. OBJECTIVES: Verify if these histological findings (eosinophils, vasculitis, Quilty effect and ischemic lesions), whose clinical meaning remains unknown so far, are able to predict acute rejection of the transplanted organ, accompanied or not by severe hemodynamic compromise and death due to acute rejection. METHODS: We reevaluated 939 consecutive endomyocardial biopsies classified as 0R or 1R, according to the nomenclature that the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation established in 2005. We divided these biopsies in 2 groups, as they follow: (1) Predictor biopsies, which are preceded by acute rejection, acute rejection associated to severe hemodynamic compromise or death and (2) Non-predictor biopsies that did not precede any clinical events. We compared the occurrence of the histological findings studied (eosinophils, vasculitis, Quilty effect and ischemic lesions) through univariate and multivariate analysis among the groups. RESULTS: After an appropriate statistical analysis, the result obtained was the presence of intense vasculitis and eosinophils as the greatest predictors of future acute rejection, presenting the respective odds ratio: 10,60 (IC95%: 3,62 31,06. p<0,001) and 6,26 (IC95%:3,16 12,43. p< 0,001), as well as acute rejection associated to severe hemodynamic compromise, which presented the respective odds ratio for this clinical outcome: 7,52 (IC95%: 1,45-38,93. p=0,016) and 6,61 (IC95%: 2,38 18,31. p< 0,001) and death due to acute rejection, presenting the respective odds ratio: 11,20 (IC95%: 3,53 36,17. p < 0, 001) and 14,50 (IC95%: 2,19 36,17. p = 0,006). CONCLUSIONS: Intense vasculitis and eosinophils in myocardial biopsies post-cardiac transplantation are the chief factors that can predict acute rejection, acute rejection associated to severe hemodynamic compromise or death
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Henriksson, Anna. "Biotic resistance in freshwater fish communities." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-110251.
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Invasions of non-native species cause problems in ecosystems worldwide, and despite the extensive effort that has been put into research about invasions, we still lack a good understanding for why some, but not other, communities resist these invasions. In this doctoral thesis I test hypotheses on biotic resistance using a large dataset of more than 1000 both failed and successful introductions of freshwater fish into Swedish lakes. We have found that the classic species richness hypothesis is a poor descriptor of introduction success because it fails to acknowledge that resident species contribute to the resistance in different ways. We developed a new measure of biotic resistance, the weighted species richness, which takes into account that the resident species contributes to the resistance with different strength and sign. Further, we correlated performance traits of species in their role as an invader and as a resident species to predict how the biotic resistance of these communities would develop over time. We found a positive correlation between performance traits: Some species have high introduction success, they make a large contribution to the resistance, and they cause extinctions when introduced but do not go extinct themselves when other species establishes, whereas other species are weak performers in these respects. Thus, the biotic resistance of these communities should grow stronger as non-native species accumulates. These results give us clues about what type of communities that should be most sensitive to further invasions, i.e., communities harboring species weak performers. My results show that the biotic resistance of communities is an important factor in determining invasibility of a community. They also show that methods for quantifying resistance must take into account how interactions are structured in nature. What determine the biotic resistance of a community is the type of interactions that the resident species have with the invader and not the species richness of the community.
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Sanders, Jeanette Louise. "Linking biotic activity to ecosystem functioning." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2441.
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The central theme of this thesis was the search for ecologically meaningful ways to quantify the relationships between the biota and ecosystem processes. This thesis investigated whether a "functional group" approach, that characterised the fauna according to similarities in their activities, could be successfully employed to quantifiably link species' performance to important ecosystem processes. Initially the abilities of traditional "trophic" and "bioturbatory" categories to characterise the estuarine macrobenthic fauna and discriminate between estuarine sites were examined. This thesis determined that the perceived inter-site similarity within an estuary varied according to the function being investigated and that the apparent associations between abiotic factors and biotic assemblages were also heavily influenced by the choice of functional classification. This study provided strong evidence that links between the macrobenthos and abiotic factors were most easily detected if the species were grouped according to their bioturbatory abilities. Thus, attempts to model the contribution of the estuarine macrofauna to sediment mixing throughout an estuary were pursued in preference to modelling trophic group distribution. This thesis identified limitations of existing "bioturbation" categories and hence, developed a novel classification system that incorporated species' activity rates, magnitude and location within the sediment. Strong evidence was found that estuarine macrobenthic communities should be treated as two separate assemblages: one shallow assemblage occupying surface and near surface layers, and one deep assemblage with the ability to exploit the sediment at greater depths. The two separate assemblages displayed different associations with the environmental factors examined in this study. By developing new functional groupings of species' behaviour, and treating shallow and deep assemblages as separate entities, this thesis was able to estimate the contribution of the biota to sediment mixing and successfully develop and validate generic predictive models of functional group distribution within the Tamar/Plym estuarine system. Since the functional groups themselves convey information about the magnitude of their effect and the sediment horizons impacted, this thesis represents an important advance in our ability to predict biological contribution to sediment mixing processes in estuarine ecosystems.
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Zimovets, A. "The next generation of bionic limbs." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2015. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/40595.
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At present due to the rapid technological progress and the
enormous scientific advances a wide range of different adaptive,
auxiliary equipment for people with disabilities are offered.
Nowadays there is a rapid development of new achievements and
developments in this area. The main purpose is the desire to bring the
function of real hands and feet to an artificial limb.
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Ricks, Kevin Daniel. "Biotic Filtering in Endophytic Fungal Communities." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2018. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6871.
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Plants can be colonized by complex communities of endophytic fungi. This thesis presents two studies, both of which investigate biotic filtering in endophytic fungal communities. Chapter 1. Endophytic fungi can be acquired horizontally via propagules produced in the environment such as in plant litters of various species. Given that litters from different plant species harbor distinct endophytic fungal communities and that endophytic fungi may be dispersal-limited, the structure of the endophytic fungal community of a given plant may be determined by proximity to particular inoculum sources. Community assembly may also be affected by biotic filtering by the plant. Therefore, a plant may be able to select particular fungal taxa from among the available pool. In that case, the structure of the endophytic fungal community in the plant could be somewhat independent of the structure of the inoculum community. We tested the hypothesis that biotic filtering of endophytic fungal communities occurs in Bromus tectorum by exposing it to a variety of inoculum sources including litters from several co-occurring plant species. The inoculum sources differed significantly from each other in the structures of the communities of endophytic fungi they harbored. We characterized the structures of the resulting leaf and root endophytic fungal communities in Bromus tectorum using high-throughput sequencing. All tested inoculum sources successfully produced complex communities of endophytic fungi in Bromus tectorum. There was significantly more variation in the structures of the communities of endophytic fungi among the inoculum sources than in the resultant endophytic fungal communities in the leaves and roots of Bromus tectorum. These results suggest that biotic filtering by Bromus tectorum played a significant role in the assembly of the endophytic fungal communities in tissues of Bromus tectorum. Because endophytic fungi influence plant fitness, it is reasonable to expect there to be selective pressure to develop a uniform, desirable endophytic fungal community even from disparate inoculum sources via a process known as biotic filtering. Chapter 2. Frequently one finds that different plant species harbor communities that are distinct. However, the nature of this interspecific variation is not clear. We characterized the endophytic fungal communities in six plant species from the eastern Great Basin in central Utah. Four of the species are arbuscular mycorrhizal (two in the Poaceae and two in the Asteraceae), while the other two species are nonmycorrhizal (one in the Brassicaceae and one in the Amaranthaceae). Our evidence suggests that both host mycorrhizal status and phylogenic relatedness independently influence endophytic fungal community structure.
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Escalante, Pérez María. "Poplar responses to biotic and abiotic stress." kostenfrei, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn=nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-46893.
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Roads, Susan Kay Kelley. "The communication element of biotic church growth." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2008. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p028-0293.
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Frigerio, A. "A BIONIC EYEBLINK: MANAGEMENT OF FACIAL PALSY." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/215238.
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This thesis highlights the current gold-standard surgical procedures for the rehabilitation of mimicry in individuals with facial paralysis and explores the potential application of functional electrical stimulation (FES) as a novel treatment restoring the face mimicry. Closed-loop facial pacing represents an innovative solution for prosthetically assisted movements. In particular, blinking is typically symmetrical, enabling healthy eye blink on one side of the face to serve as a trigger to pace assisted blinks on the contralateral side, in case of unilateral peripheral facial palsy. The goals of this research are developing an eyeblink detection system and advancing the understanding of performing surface FES of the facial nerve in order to elicit artificial eyeblinks. The application of a biomimetic device to individuals with acute reversible facial palsy would provide immediate restoration of the periocular function and could be used until either the patient recovers sufficient function to no longer require assistance for eye closure, or the decision is made to proceed with further surgery.
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Borkowetz, Angelika, Theresa Renner, Ivan Platzek, Marieta Toma, Roman Herout, Martin Baunacke, Christer Groeben, et al. "Evaluation of Transperineal Magnetic Resonance Imaging/Ultrasound-Fusion Biopsy Compared to Transrectal Systematic Biopsy in the Prediction of Tumour Aggressiveness in Patients with Previously Negative Biopsy." Karger, 2018. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A71674.
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Objectives: We compared the transperineal MRI/ultrasoundfusion biopsy (fusPbx) to transrectal systematic biopsy (sys-Pbx) in patients with previously negative biopsy and investigated the prediction of tumour aggressiveness with regard to radical prostatectomy (RP) specimen. Material and Methods: A total of 710 patients underwent multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI), which was evaluated in accordance with Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS). The maximum PI-RADS (maxPI-RADS) was defined as the highest PI-RADS of all lesions detected in mpMRI. In case of proven prostate cancer (PCa) and performed RP, tumour grading of the biopsy specimen was compared to that of the RP. Significant PCa (csPCa) was defined according to Epstein criteria. Results: Overall, scPCa was detected in 40% of patients. The detection rate of scPCa was 33% for fusPbx and 25% for sysPbx alone (p < 0.005). Patients with a maxPI-RADS ≥3 and a prostate specific antigen (PSA)-density ≥0.2 ng/mL2 harboured more csPCa than those with a PSA-density < 0.2 ng/mL2 (41% [33/81] vs. 20% [48/248]; p < 0.001). Compared to the RP specimen (n = 140), the concordance of tumour grading was 48% (γ = 0.57), 36% (γ = 0.31) and 54% (γ = 0.6) in fusPbx, sysPbx and comPbx, respectively. Conclusions: The combination of fusPbx and sysPbx outperforms both biopsy modalities in patients with re-biopsy. Additionally, the PSA-density may represent a predictor for csPCa in patients with maxPI-RADS ≥3.
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Vallvé, Juanico Júlia. "Molecular alterations in eutopic endometrium of women with endometriosis and implications in its diagnostic." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/666861.
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La endometriosi és una malaltia benigna que afecta a un 10-15% de les dones en edat reproductiva I els seus símptomes principals són dolor i infertilitat. El seu diagnòstic pot ser retardat fins a 6,7 anys de mitjana, i el diagnòstic principal és per laparoscòpia. L’objectiu principal d’aquesta tesi era trobar una nova eina diagnòstica menys invasiva que la cirurgia. Per aconseguir-ho, es van dur a terme dos objectius; trobar nous biomarcadors per la malaltia a l’endometri eutòpic i estudiar el marcador Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 5 (LGR5) com a possible biomarcador per a l’endometriosi.
Per al primer objectiu, es va fer un estudi de Discovery de biomarcadors a partir de RNA-High-Sequencing i es va desenvolupar un classificador utilitzant el leave one out cross validation model de Partial Least Squares (PLS) a partir de mostres fixades i incloses en parafina de tots els tipus d’endometriosi i controls. No vam ser capaços de discernir entre tipus d’endometriosi però es va trobar una elevada sensitivitat i especificitat per a diagnosticar la malaltia en global. No obstant, al validar el model amb un increment del nombre de mostres, només el 60% de les pacients amb endometriosi van poder ser diagnosticades com a endometriosi. En conclusió, el model validat no es pot traslladar a la pràctica clínica.
En el segon objectiu, vam estudiar LGR5 a l’endometri eutòpic amb RNA-High-Sequencing i vam descobrir que aquestes cèl·lules tenen un fenotip de macròfags. No vam observar diferències significants entre dones sanes i malaltes, per tant, LGR5 no és un bon biomarcador per a la malaltia. No obstant, vam trobar que l’endometriosi profunda, el tipus més agressiu de la malaltia, sobre-expressava gens únics relacionats amb infertilitat. Així doncs, concloem que LGR5 podria estar relacionat amb l’agressivitat de la malaltia així com en els resultats reproductius. Sabent que les cèl·lules LGR5 positives tenien un fenotip de macròfag, vam estudiar els macròfags a l’endometri eutòpic de dones amb la malaltia i vam trobar que presenten un fenotip més pro-inflamatori que les de l’endometri sa, el que podria influir en la fisiopatologia de la malaltia i en els resultats reproductius en aquestes dones.Endometriosis is a benign disease that affects 10-15% of reproductive age women and the main symptoms are pain and infertility. Its diagnostic can be delayed for 6.7 years in average, and the final diagnostic is by laparoscopy. The main objective of this thesis was to find a new and less invasive diagnostic approach for the disease than surgery. For this purpose, two objectives were performed; to find new biomarkers for the disease in eutopic endometrium and to study Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 5 (LGR5) as a putative biomarker for endometriosis. For the first objective, a discover study of biomarkers was done by RNA-High-Sequencing and a classifier was developed by using Partial Least Squares (PLS) leave one out cross validation model using formalin-fixed paraffin embedded samples from all types of endometriosis and controls. We were not able to distinguish between types of disease but there was a high sensitivity and specificity to diagnose the disease in global. However, when we validated the model by increasing the sample size, only the 60% of patients could be diagnosed as endometriosis. In conclusion, the validated model cannot be translated to the clinics. In the second objective, we studied LGR5 in eutopic endometrium by RNA-High-Sequencing and we discovered that these cells have a macrophage-like phenotype. We did not observe significant differences between healthy and diseased women and thus, LGR5 is not a good biomarker for the disease. However, we found that deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE), the most aggressive type of the disease, overexpressed unique genes related to infertility. Hence, we concluded that LGR5 could be related to the aggressiveness of the disease as well as in reproductive outcomes. Knowing that LGR5 positive cells phenotype was macrophage-like, we studied macrophages in eutopic endometrium of diseased women and we found that they present a more pro-inflammatory phenotype than healthy endometrium which could also influence to the pathophysiology of the disease and to the reproductive outcomes in this women.
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Guimarães, Marbele Santos. "Cancer da prostata : estudo da graduação de Gleason em biopsias de agulhas e especimes de prostatectomia radical." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/308453.
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Orientador: Athanase BillisDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: Há evidências mostrando que a graduação de Gleason para carcinoma da próstata é um dos mais importantes fatores prognósticos de comportamento biológico e um dos mais influentes fatores para determinar o tratamento do câncer da próstata. Este trabalho tem por finalidade comparar: a graduação de Gleason nas biópsias de agulha com a graduação nas prostatectomias radicais correspondentes; correlacionar a graduação de Gleason nas biópsias de agulha com a extensão tumoral nas prostatectomias radicais correspondentes; correlacionar a graduação de Gleason na prostatetomia radical com extensão tumoral, margens cirúrgicas comprometidas e estádio patológico; e, comparar a progressão bioquímica (PSA) da moléstia (recorrência e/ou metástase) pós-prostatectomia radical entre pacientes com: Gleason grau baixo/intermediário (contagem final < 7) vs grau alto (contagem final=7); contagem final 3+4 vs 4+3; e, grau predominante 4 ou 5 vs grau predominante menor que 4. Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo baseado em 200 espécimes de prostatectomias radicais e de biópsias correspondentes provenientes de pacientes operados no Hospital das Clínicas da FCM-Unicamp no período de 1997 a 2004. A extensão tumoral foi estimada por um método semiquantitativo de contagem de pontos. A progressão bioquímica (recorrência e/ou metástase) da moléstia pós-prostatectomia radical estabelecida pelo Serviço de Urologia do Hospital das Clínicas da Unicamp é o valor de PSA igual ou maior que 0,5 ng/mL. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente utilizando Statistica 5.5 (StatSoft,Inc., Tulsa, OK, USA). Foi considerado significante o valor de p =0,05. Houve exata correspondência em 47,1% dos casos quando comparada contagem final de Gleason na biópsia de agulha com a contagem final na prostatectomia correspondente. A contagem de Gleason foi subestimada em 40,6% dos casos e superestimada em 12,3% nas biópsias de agulha. A correlação entre contagem final de Gleason nas biópsias de agulha com a extensão tumoral nas prostatectomias radicais correspondentes mostrou-se altamente significante (p<0.001). A correlação da graduação histológica de Gleason na prostatectomia radical foi altamente significante com extensão tumoral (p<0,001), margens cirúrgicas positivas (p<0,001) e estádio patológico (p<0,001). O tempo de recorrência bioquímica (PSA) livre de doença comparando pacientes com Gleason contagem final < 7 vs contagem final >7 (log-rank, p=0,2674); contagem final 3+4 vs 4+3 (log-rank, p=0. 3207); e, grau predominante 4 ou 5 vs grau predominante menor que 4 (log-rank, p=0,1759) não foi estatisticamente significante. Contagens finais maiores na graduação de Gleason na prostatetomia radical se correlacionam com maior extensão tumoral, margens cirúrgicas comprometidas e estádio patológico mais avançado. A maioria dos pacientes mostraram igual ou maior contagem final comparando a contagem final de Gleason na prostatectomia com a biópsia de agulha correspondente. Em nosso estudo, não houve diferença estatisticamente significante em relação à progressão bioquímica quando comparados contagem final <7 vs =7, contagem final 3+4=7 vs 4+3=7 e grau predominante <4 vs =4. predominante 4 ou 5 vs grau predominante menor que 4 (log-rank, p=0,1759) não foi estatisticamente significante
Abstract: There are evidences showing that Gleason grading of prostatic adenocarcinoma is one of the most powerful predictors of biological behavior and one of the most influential factors used to determine treatment for prostate cancer. The aim of the current report was to compare Gleason score on needle biopsy to Gleason score in the correspondent surgical specimen, correlate Gleason score on needle biopsy to tumor extent in surgical specimen, correlate Gleason score in the specimens to several clinicopathologic variables, and compare biochemical (PSA) progression following surgery between patients with Gleason low-grade vs high-grade, Gleason score 3+4 vs 4+3 and Gleason predominant grade <4 or >4. The study population consisted of 200 consecutive patients submitted to radical prostatectomy. Tumor extent was evaluated by a point-count method. Biochemical progression was defined as PSA = 0.5ng/mL. Time to PSA progression was studied using the Kaplan-Meier product-limit analysis. There was exact correspondence in 47.1% of cases, when Gleason score on the biopsy was compared to the correspondent surgical specimen. Gleason score was higher in the specimen in 40.6% of cases and lower in 12.3%. High-grade Gleason score on the biopsy significantly correlated to higher tumor extent (p<0.001). High-grade Gleason score in the surgical specimen significantly correlated to more extensive tumors (p<0.001), positive margins (p<0.001) and extraprostatic extension (pT3a/pT3b) (p<0.001). Time of biochemical (PSA) progression-free survival comparing patients with Gleason score <7 vs =7 (log-rank, p=0.2674), Gleason score 3+4=7 vs 4+3=7 (log-rank, p=0.3207) and Gleason predominant grade <4 vs >4 (log-rank, p=0.1759) was not statistically significant. High-grade Gleason score significantly correlates with more extensive tumors in the surgical specimen, positive margins, and more advanced pathologic staging. Most of the patients show either an exact Gleason score or a higher score in the surgical specimen comparing to the needle biopsy. In our study, time of biochemical (PSA) progression-free survival between patients with Gleason score <7 vs =7, Gleason score 3+4=7 vs 4+3=7 and Gleason predominant grade <4 or >4 was not statistically significant
Mestrado
Anatomia Patologica
Mestre em Ciências Médicas
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Hwang, Yun Mi. "South Korean historical drama : gender, nation and the heritage industry." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/1924.
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From the dynamic landscape of contemporary South Korean cinema, one trend that stands out is the palpable revival of the historical drama (known as the ‘sageuk’ in Korean). Since the early 2000s, expensive, visually striking, and successful costumed pieces have been showcased to the audience. Now rivalling the other mainstream genres such as gangster action, romantic comedy, and the Korean blockbuster, the sageuk has made an indelible impact on the national film industry. Even so, the cycle has yet to receive much critical attention. This thesis addresses the gap, driven by the question, what is the impetus behind the surge of the ‘historical’ witnessed in recent sageuk films? For this, I first take a diachronic view of the historical context of the genre, which later serves as the reference point for the genre memory. Adopting a synchronic approach, I then examine the industrial, political, and social contexts in Korea at the turn of the new century that facilitated the history boom. While national memory and transnational politics fuelled Koreans’ interest in their past, the popular media – cinema, television, publishing industry, and performance theatre – all capitalised on this drive. The government also took part by supporting the ‘culture content industry’ as a way to fashion an attractive national image and accelerate the cultural export system. Collectively, these efforts translated to the emergence of history as a commodity, carving a unique space for historical narratives in the national heritage industry. As such, different agents – the consumers, the industry, and the state – had their stakes in the national mobilisation of history and memory with competing ideological and commercial interests. Ultimately, the sageuk is the primary site in which these diverging aspirations and desires are played out. In chapters that follow, I engage with four main sub-types of the recent historical drama, offering textual and contextual readings. The main discussion includes the ‘fusion’ sageuk (Untold Scandal), the biopic (King and the Clown and Portrait of a Beauty), the heritage horror (Blood Rain and Shadows in the Palace), and the colonial period drama (Rikidozan, Blue Swallow and Modern Boy). While analysing the generic tropes and narrative themes of each film, I also pay attention to contemporary discourses of gender, and the cultural treatment of masculinity and femininity within the period setting. Such investigation, in turn, locates the place of the historical genre in New Korean Cinema, and thus, offers a much-needed intervention into one of the neglected topics in the study of cinematic trends in South Korea.
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Fahr, Florian. "Zeitliche und räumliche Analyse histomorphologischer Befunde aus Eigennierenbiopsien im Raum Leipzig über einen Zeitraum von 20 Jahren." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-216027.
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Hintergrund und Zielsetzung: Jährlich erkranken in Westeuropa 4% der Gesamtbevölkerung an Akutem Nierenversagen (ANV). Zudem leiden 8,5% der Bevölkerung an einer Chronischen Niereninsuffizienz (CNI). Valide epidemiologische Daten über Erkrankungen der Niere existierten für Deutschland jedoch nicht, da zu diesem Zeitpunkt Erkrankungsfälle noch nicht flächendeckend systematisch erfasst wurden und das Deutsche Nierenregister noch im Aufbau war. Die vorliegende retrospektive Analyse untersucht und dokumentiert räumliche und zeitliche Veränderungen des histomorphologischen Befundspektrums aus Eigennierenbiopsien im Großraum Leipzig über den Zeitraum 1993-2012. Methoden: Als Grundlage der Arbeit dient ein zeitlich und geographisch strukturiertes Nierenbiopsieregister, welches für die vorliegende Arbeit aus den gesammelten histologischen Eigennierenbiopsiebefunden erstellt wurde. Zu jedem Fall wurde zur räumlichen Zuordnung, wenn ermittelbar, die Postleitzahl (PLZ) des Wohnortes des jeweiligen Patienten eingetragen. Bei einer annähernd vollständigen Erfassung der PLZ wurde für den jeweiligen Zeitraum für das Stadtgebiet Leipzig eine Inzidenzberechnung durchgeführt. Für das Leipziger Umland war dies nicht vorgesehen, da von einer unvollständigen Erfassung auszugehen war. Die statistische Auswertung erfolgte über Kontingenztafeln per Chi-Quadrat-Test oder per Varianzanalyse. Ergebnisse: In die Analyse des erstellten Biopsieregisters wurden n=943 Erstbiopsien eingeschlossen, unter vorherigem Ausschluss pädiatrischer Fälle und Folgebiopsien. Die IgA-Nephropathie (IgANP) war mit 19,5% die häufigste gestellte Diagnose, gefolgt von der Hypertensiven Nephropathie (HZNP) bzw. der Fokal-Segmentalen Glomerulosklerose (FSGS) und der Granulomatose mit Polyangiitis (GPA). Die räumliche Verteilung innerhalb der Untersuchungsregion unterlag teilweise großen Schwankungen. Die IgANP wurde im Leipziger Umland 36% häufiger beobachtet als im Leipziger Stadtgebiet. Auch im Zeitverlauf waren Schwankungen zu beobachten. Im Zeitraum 2009-2012 war die HTNP/FSGS mit 18.9% die häufigste Diagnose, gefolgt von der GPA mit 17,8% und der IgANP mit 15,6%. Zudem nahm die Häufigkeit der Glomerulopathie der dünnen Basalmembran (TBMD) bzw. des Alport-Syndroms stark ab. Auch die regionale Verteilung schwankte im Zeitverlauf stark. Auf Basis der ermittelten Postleitzahlen wurden für den Leipziger Stadtraum für den Zeitraum 2001-2009 jährliche Inzidenzen berechnet. Am Häufigsten trat dabei die GPA mit 0,9 (0,0-2,2) Fällen pro 100.000 Einwohner auf, gefolgt von der HTNP/FSGS mit 0,8 (0,2-2,2) und der IgANP mit 0,8 (0,2-1,4). Schlussfolgerung: Das Nephropathiespektrum im Großraum Leipzigs deckt sich, soweit konsolidierte Vergleichszahlen existieren, mit der bestehenden Literatur. In den Vergleichsstudien zeigte sich eine große Heterogenität. Einige Schwankungen, wie bei der HTNP/Alport-Syndrom oder bei der diabetischen Nephropathie (DNP) beobachtet, sind klar auf Variabilitäten in der Indikationsstellung zurückzuführen. Andere mögliche Einflussfaktoren wurden diskutiertBackground and Objectives: Annually, 4% of Western Europe\'s population fall ill with acute kidney injury (AKI). Furthermore, 8.5% of the same population are affected by chronic kidney disease (CKD). In Germany, valid nationwide epidemiological data on renal pathology didn\'t exist at the time of this study, although progress has been made with creating the German kidney biopsy register. This study analyzes temporal and spatial variances in the histomorphological spectrum of renal diseases of native kidney biopsies in the metropolitan area of Leipzig, Germany, from 1993 through 2012. Methods: For this study, a temporally and spatially structured kidney biopsy register was created from nephro-pathologic biopsy results. Spatial analysis was implemented by giving every entry its corresponding postal code. Unidentifiable entries were omitted. If the postal code was determined for every case within a timeframe, incidences for the city of Leipzig were calculated for the timeframe. Incidence for the surrounding areas were not calculated, because coverage was expected to be incomplete. Statistical analysis was done via Chi-Squared-Test or analysis of variances. Results: For this study n=943 cases were analyzed, omitting pediatric and follow-up biopsies. The leading diagnosis was IgA nephropathy (IgANP) with 19.5% (male: 22.1%, female: 15.4%), followed by hypertensive nephropathy (HTNP) resp. focal-segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA). Spatial variance between the analyzed regions was high. Compared to the city of Leipzig, IgANP was observed one third more frequently in the surrounding regions. High temporal variance was also observed. From 2009 through 2012, HTNP/FSGS became leading diagnosis with 18.9%, followed by GPA with 17.8% and IgANP with 15.6%. Furthermore, frequency of thin base membrane disease (TBMD) resp. Alport\'s syndrome decreased sharply. Variance in spatial distribution was also observed over time. On the basis of determined postal codes, incidences for the city of Leipzig were calculated for the years 2001 through 2009. Highest annual incidence was observed in GPA with 0.9 (0.0-2.2) cases per 100 000 people, followed by HTNP/FSGS with 0.8 (0.2-2.2), IgANP with 0.8 (0.2-1.4). Conclusions: The spectrum of kidney pathology for the metropolitan area of Leipzig is in accordance with the data in literature, as far as consolidated figures were available. Results in compared studies were highly heterogenous. Some differences, e.g. decrease in TBMD resp. Alport\'s Syndrome or fluctuation of DNP, can be attributed to variance in indication for biopsy. External factors were discussed
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Niemelä, M. (Marika). "Biotic interactions and vegetation management on coastal meadows." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2009. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514291234.
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Abstract
Conservation of rare habitats and species are central elements in the management of semi-natural grasslands of high biodiversity. Understanding the impacts of various abiotic and biotic interactions and management methods on threatened species is fundamental to their conservation. In the present study, effects of competition, plant parasitism, grazing and mowing were studied at the community level in Bothnian Bay coastal meadows and in greenhouse. This was the first time when the impacts of various biotic interactions on the critically endangered creeping alkali grass (Puccinellia phryganodes) have been explored in detail in one of its rare occurrences in the boreal vegetation zone in Europe. In addition, questions related to ecological and economical sustainability of cattle grazing on coastal meadows were examined.
Puccinellia phryganodes was found to suffer severely from competition with taller graminoids. Simulated and actual grazing by greylag goose, Anser anser, as well as infection by a hemiparasitic plant, Odontites litoralis, were found to indirectly benefit P. phryganodes by decreasing the competitive advantage of its competitors. In spite of the relatively intensive grazing by greylag goose in the field, P. phryganodes experienced a drastic decrease during four years in the grazed experimental quadrats and simultaneously the proportion of the taller graminoids increased substantially. Primary succession of coastal meadow vegetation was found to progress rapidly and continuous formation of suitable open habitats is therefore crucial for the subordinate species. Mowing was found to be an effective management method for some threatened plant species in coastal meadows, but not for P. phryganodes, which would probably benefit more, for example, from livestock grazing. Both lightly and rather intensively managed large open meadows could provide optimal habitats for the critically endangered lesser white fronted goose (Anser erythropus) as well as for the greylag goose.
The relatively low and variable yield of the coastal meadow vegetation compared to that of cultivated grasslands sets limits how management by cattle grazing can be implemented. Key factors for both the biodiversity management and livestock production in coastal meadows are timing of the grazing season, intensity of grazing and selection of suitable types of animals.
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Karim, Sazzad. "Exploring plant tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses /." Uppsala : Dept. of Plant Biology and Forest Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2007. http://epsilon.slu.se/200758.pdf.
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Opedal, Oystein Hjorthol. "Topographic complexity and biotic resilience to climate change." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for biologi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-21406.
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Topographically complex alpine terrains create a mosaic of diverse microclimates over short distances. This study investigated the extent of small-scale variation in temperature and soil moisture using dense arrays of temperature loggers and moisture measurements, and how this microclimatic variation influenced vascular-plant species richness and intra-specific trait variation across five pairs of 40x40 m landscape plots of contrasting complexity in alpine tundra at Finse, Norway. Spatial variation in mean temperature within landscape plots was in the range of 2-4 °C, similar to what is expected across large altitudinal or latitudinal distances, suggesting an important “buffering capacity” of such landscapes in the event of climate warming. Rough landscapes contained more species than flatter ones, while patterns of within-species phenotypic variation were less clear and differed between species. These results suggest that local reshuffling and short-distance migration will be important biotic responses to climate change in this system, with assumed associated changes in biotic interactions and ecosystem function. The study also highlights the importance of mountains as target areas for biodiversity conservation.
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Montemarano, Justin Joseph. "Biotic controls of decomposition dynamics in aquatic systems." Thesis, Kent State University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3618862.
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While environmental controllers of decomposition have been extensively studied, organic matter quality and biotic controllers of decomposition, such as detritivore preference and manipulation of detritus, are largely understudied. In the studies described in this dissertation, a range of biotic controllers of detrital dynamics in aquatic ecosystems are presented. Crayfish, as model shredders, produce a diverse pool of fine particulate organic matter (FPOM) through fragmentation of coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM) and fecal production in the laboratory. Crayfish process maple leaves at a greater rate than oak leaves, and produced a greater amount of FPOM from maple compared to oak. Crayfish-generated FPOM had lower C:N ratios and increased bacterial abundances compared to original CPOM. Further, hydropsychid caddisfly and simuliid blackfly larvae confer greater growth efficiency when reared on crayfish-generated FPOM compared to mechanically ground FPOM in the laboratory, indicating that crayfish increase bioavailability of FPOM. No differences in growth or metamorphosis of simuliid larvae were observed when larvae were lab-reared on crayfish-generated FPOM from CPOM of different tree species (i.e., sugar maple, sycamore, or white oak) or different stream conditioning times (i.e. , 30 or 150 d). This suggests that crayfish processing reduces organic matter origin effects on bioavailability. Changes in macrophyte abundance in a tropical wetland due to competition and ecosystem management can affect litter availability and litter quality. In two field-based, replacement series experiments with floating-mat macrophytes (Eichhornia crassipes and Neptunia oleracea), no interspecific competition was detected. However, E. crassipes dominated experimental enclosure biomass through attrition. Decomposition rates were faster for E. crassipes litter compared to N. oleracea litter within enclosures, but no differences in decomposition rates were detected by floating-mat species composition. Both synergistic and antagonistic diversity effects were observed on decomposition dynamics in an experiment varying litter richness from one to five species. Additionally, cattail (Typha domingensis ) eradication efforts lead to changes in the decomposition landscape within the wetland, as E. crassipes colonizes managed areas, and decomposition rates were slower for litter of T. domingensis compared to E. crassipes. The compounding effects of litter species, detritivore interactions, and anthropogenic impacts on organic matter dynamics illustrate that it is critical to consider ecosystem function in ecosystem management.