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Journal articles on the topic 'Biopiracy'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2024

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1

Kim, Jinyup. "Tackling biopiracy in Southeast Asia: the need for a legally binding regional instrument." Asia Pacific Journal of Environmental Law 23, no. 1 (May 15, 2020): 74–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/apjel.2020.01.03.

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Biopiracy, largely defined as misappropriation of biological resources and associated traditional knowledge, has occurred all around the world. Southeast Asia, one of the world's biodiversity hotspots, has been a victim of biopiracy in a number of cases across the region. Despite the high occurrence of the exploitation of resources, the region has not responded to the problem of biopiracy adequately. One of the most important reasons for this lack of response to biopiracy is the absence of a legally binding regional instrument(s). However, considering that (i) biopiracy does not respect national borders, (ii) most of the Southeast Asian states have ratified the Nagoya Protocol to the Convention on Biological Diversity, and (iii) soft law instruments adopted so far have failed to tackle biopiracy, this article argues that a legally binding regional regime should be established to tackle biopiracy in a consistent manner. Following an analysis of a number of biopiracy cases in the region, this article discusses why a legally binding instrument(s) is necessary. It suggests how to improve the current regional instruments pertaining to access and benefit sharing in relation to biological resources and associated traditional knowledge, based on the analysis of instruments adopted to tackle biopiracy in other regions.

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2

Elliott, Paul. "Confronting biopiracy." Journal of Biological Education 45, no. 3 (September 2011): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00219266.2011.589464.

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3

Isaac, Grant E., and William A. Kerr. "Bioprospecting or Biopiracy?" Journal of World Intellectual Property 7, no. 1 (November 1, 2005): 35–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1796.2004.tb00257.x.

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4

Fenwick, Simon. "Bioprospecting or biopiracy?" Drug Discovery Today 3, no. 9 (September 1998): 399–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-6446(98)01221-5.

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5

Bhattacharya, Sayan. "Bioprospecting, Biopiracy and Food Security in India: The Emerging Sides of Neoliberalism." International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 23 (March 2014): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.23.49.

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Biopirates benefited and prospered from the plundering of natural resources from the developing and less developed countries without paying any royalty to the source countries at all. In the recent past, there have been several cases of biopiracy of traditional knowledge from India. Biopiracy in India was observed in the common plant varieties like Haldi, Basmati, Neem etc. Some cases have been highlighted with a success story, but there are also numerous stories of deprivation in the context of biopiracy. The stealing of biological resources and indigenous knowledge would affect food security, livelihood of indigenous people, and consumers‟ choice. More than 70 % of our food supply is dependent on a small number of edible plant resources, mainly wheat, maize, rice, and potato, which are fundamental to food security. Patenting of these plants varieties will definitely pose threat to the consumers. In politics, biopiracy has triggered the problem of the intrusion of national sovereignty when a corporation or a government from other countries utilizes and benefits from the patent varieties of genetic resources which derived from genetic resources or traditional knowledge from another sovereign state. However, in the past few years, developing countries have become more vocal in the international arena. This would help developing countries in the political bargaining with developed countries and can help to solve the problem of biopiracy.

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6

Ready, Tinker. "'Biopiracy' issue stops research." Nature Medicine 8, no. 1 (January 2002): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm0102-9b.

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7

Shiva, Vandana. "Bioprospecting as Sophisticated Biopiracy." Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 32, no. 2 (January 2007): 307–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/508502.

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8

Nash, Robert J. "Who benefits from biopiracy?" Phytochemistry 56, no. 5 (March 2001): 403–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9422(00)00466-0.

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9

Gulati, Riya. "BIOPIRACY, A BIOLOGICAL THEFT?" International Journal of Legal Studies ( IJOLS ) 5, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 349–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.3244.

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‘Biopiracy’ is an illegal appropriation of genetic resources or traditional knowledge by way of patents which restrict its future use. It has been observed in a lot of cases that the devel-oped countries make use of the biological resources or traditional knowledge of the devel-oping countries while inventing a new product. And when they claim a patent over their invention, they are denied of that monopoly right. The term biopiracy itself suggests 'biological theft' however it is not always the case. A number of regulations have been made in favor of developing countries to protect their resources and traditional knowledge but at the same time, it is evident that the developed countries do not apply the traditional knowledge 'as it is', they go beyond it and carry out further research and experiment to develop a new product. The fact that the mere sub-stance in a new product is a part of traditional knowledge of a particular country is not a suitable ground to revoke the application of patent. In most of the cases, patents have been denied to the developed countries on the ground that there was no novelty in their product as the product has been developed by using developing country's traditional knowledge is not justified. The interest of the patentee should also be taken into consideration.

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10

Astuti, Yunni Widhi. "Urgensi Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Biodiversitas Indonesia dari Praktik Biopiracy." Ethics and Law Journal: Business and Notary 1, no. 3 (December 31, 2023): 281–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.61292/eljbn.74.

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Indonesia, as host to more than 17,000 islands with a biodiversity involving approximately 10% of global flowering plants, 12% of mammals, and 17% of reptiles, amphibians and birds, faces significant risks of biopiracy. This wealth is not only limited to land, but also involves the ocean which has no less important biological riches. Biopiracy or biocolonialism, the illegal practice of accessing and exploiting a country's biological wealth, causes immediate and long-term economic losses. This research uses the Nagoya Protocol as an international legal framework that regulates access and sharing of benefits from biodiversity. The results of the discussion highlight the importance of implementing the Nagoya Protocol in Indonesian national law, especially in the context of law number 11 of 2013. Even though it has been ratified, the continuation of the Nagoya Protocol norms in Indonesian national law requires more detailed and comprehensive legislation. The conclusions of this research emphasize the urgent need for national legislation that can transform the norms of the Nagoya Protocol into a stronger legal framework. In addition, this article provides suggestions for strengthening regulations to protect Indonesia's biological wealth from detrimental biopiracy practices. These conclusions form the basis for further expansion and improvement in the legal framework aimed at effectively protecting Indonesia's biodiversity.Indonesia, sebagai tuan rumah bagi lebih dari 17.000 pulau dengan keanekaragaman hayati yang melibatkan sekitar 10% tumbuhan berbunga global, 12% mamalia, dan 17% reptil, amfibi, dan burung, menghadapi risiko biopiracy yang signifikan. Kekayaan ini tidak hanya terbatas pada daratan, melainkan juga melibatkan lautan yang memiliki kekayaan biologis tak kalah penting. Biopiracy atau biocolonialism, praktik ilegal mengakses dan memanfaatkan kekayaan hayati suatu negara, menyebabkan kerugian ekonomi langsung dan jangka panjang. Penelitian ini menggunakan Nagoya Protocol sebagai kerangka hukum internasional yang mengatur akses dan pembagian keuntungan dari biodiversitas. Hasil pembahasan menyoroti pentingnya implementasi Nagoya Protocol dalam hukum nasional Indonesia, khususnya dalam konteks undang-undang nomor 11 tahun 2013. Meskipun telah meratifikasi, keberlanjutan norma-norma Nagoya Protocol dalam hukum nasional Indonesia memerlukan undang-undang yang lebih rinci dan komprehensif. Simpulan dari penelitian ini menegaskan kebutuhan mendesak akan undang-undang nasional yang dapat mentransformasikan norma-norma Nagoya Protocol ke dalam kerangka hukum yang lebih kuat. Selain itu, artikel ini memberikan saran untuk memperkuat regulasi guna melindungi kekayaan hayati Indonesia dari praktik biopiracy yang merugikan. Kesimpulan tersebut menjadi dasar untuk perluasan dan perbaikan lebih lanjut dalam kerangka hukum yang bertujuan melindungi biodiversitas Indonesia secara efektif. Kata kunci: Perlindungan Hukum, Biodiversitas, Indonesia, Praktik Biopiracy

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11

Morgan, Unyime. "Settlement Of Biopiracy Disputes: Is The WTO An Eligible Forum." Journal of Alternate Dispute Resolution 02, no. 02 (2023): 01–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.55662/jadr.2023.2201.

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In 2001, the World Intellectual Property Organization Intergovernmental Committee (WIPO IGC) set out to create an international legislature for the regulation of traditional knowledge and genetic resources (TKaGR). More than two decades later, the legislative process is still inconclusive. One of the most significant indigenous problem this law would have addressed, is the scourge of biopiracy. Biopiracy encompasses a wide range of practices including unauthorized access, uncompensated use and unjust enrichment from TKaGR. Currently, TKaGR custodians have the option of seeking redress at national courts under diverse IP headings and unfair competition as the facts of each biopiracy case dictates. This article will examine the basis for initiating a settlement at the World Trade Organization Dispute Settlement Body (WTO DSB), appropriate case categorization, possible remedies and likelihood of success.

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12

Gollin, Michael. "Biopiracy started with a bounce." Nature 451, no. 7182 (February 2008): 1055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/4511055a.

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13

Rull, Valentí, and Teresa Vegas-Vilarrúbia. "Biopiracy rules hinder conservation efforts." Nature 453, no. 7191 (April 30, 2008): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/453026a.

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14

Lawrence, Sue, and Jolene Skordis. "Practical strategies to combat biopiracy." Lancet 363, no. 9403 (January 2004): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(03)15274-9.

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15

Nicholls, Henry. "Respecting communities allays biopiracy alarm." Drug Discovery Today 9, no. 3 (February 2004): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-6446(03)02976-3.

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16

dos Santos, Klaus Morales, and Tulio Vinicius de Oliveira Campos. "Amazon rainforest: biodiversity and biopiracy." BMJ 331, Suppl S4 (October 1, 2005): 0510386. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sbmj.0510386.

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17

Dove, Alan. "Roslin falsely accused of biopiracy." Nature Biotechnology 16, no. 10 (October 1998): 904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt1098-904.

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18

Imran, Yoonus, Nalaka Wijekoon, Lakmal Gonawala, Yu-Chung Chiang, and K. Ranil D. De Silva. "Biopiracy: Abolish Corporate Hijacking of Indigenous Medicinal Entities." Scientific World Journal 2021 (February 18, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8898842.

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Biopiracy as “a silent disease” is hardly detectable because it does not leave traces frequently. The corporate hijacking of food is the most important health hazard in this era; giant commercial enterprises are using intellectual property rights to patent indigenous medicinal plants, seeds, genetic resources, and traditional medicines. The new era of biotechnology relies on the genes of living organisms as raw materials. The “Gene Rush” has thus become similar to that of the old “Gold Rush.” Sri Lanka has been spotted in the top 34 biodiversity hotspots globally. Moreover, localized in the tropics, human generations in Sri Lanka have utilized the array of plant species for herbal treatments and treatment of diseases. Sri Lanka after its 30-year civil war is moving towards a solid growth and conservation of the environment which is a major component in a sustainable development where the conservation of biodiversity plays a significant role. In this paper, we present an overview of typical cases of global biopiracy, bioprospecting via introduction of cost-effective deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fingerprinting and international protocol with Private-Public-People Partnership concept as excellent forms of utilization of natural resources. We propose certain perspectives as scientists towards abolishing biopiracy and also to foster the fair utilization of natural resources; since the economy of most developing countries is agriculture based, the gross domestic product of the developing countries could be increased by enhanced bioprospecting via introduction of cost-effective DNA fingerprinting technologies and thus not being a pray of corporate hijacking.“Biopiracy is biological theft; illegal collection of indigenous plants by corporations who patent them for their own use” (Vandana Shiva).

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19

Cressey, Daniel. "Biopiracy ban stirs red-tape fears." Nature 514, no. 7520 (September 30, 2014): 14–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/514014a.

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20

Soria-López, Manuel, and Israel Fuentes-Páramo. "The identification of biopiracy in patents." World Patent Information 47 (December 2016): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wpi.2016.10.003.

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21

Shand, Hope J. "Agricultural Biodiversity, Biopiracy and Food Security." Canadian Journal of Development Studies/Revue canadienne d'études du développement 19, no. 4 (January 1998): 161–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02255189.1998.9669783.

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22

Bsumek, Pete. "Biopiracy: The Plunder of Nature and Knowledge." Social Epistemology 13, no. 2 (April 1999): 239–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/026917299298745.

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23

Kloppenburg, Jack. "Biopiracy, Witchery, and the Fables of Ecoliberalism." Peace Review 12, no. 4 (December 2000): 509–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10402650020014582.

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24

Laursen, Lucas. "Monsanto to face biopiracy charges in India." Nature Biotechnology 30, no. 1 (January 2012): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt0112-11.

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25

Vale, Mariana M., Maria Alice Alves, and Stuart L. Pimm. "Biopiracy: conservationists have to rebuild lost trust." Nature 453, no. 7191 (April 30, 2008): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/453026b.

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26

Robinson, Daniel F. "Locating Biopiracy: Geographically and Culturally Situated Knowledges." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 42, no. 1 (January 2010): 38–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a41346.

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27

Dennis, Dion. "Global Biopiracy: Patents, Plants, and Indigenous Knowledge." Culture & Agriculture 29, no. 1 (June 2007): 55–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/cag.2007.29.1.55.

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28

Cock, Matthew. "Biopiracy rules should not block biological control." Nature 467, no. 7314 (September 2010): 369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/467369a.

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29

Harry, Debra. "Biopiracy: A growing threat to Indigenous Peoples." Biodiversity 3, no. 3 (August 2002): 42–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14888386.2002.9712607.

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30

Epps, T. "Global Biopiracy: Patents, Plants, and Indigenous Knowledge." European Review of Agricultural Economics 34, no. 4 (December 1, 2007): 539–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/erae/jbm037.

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31

Sheridan, Cormac. "EPO neem patent revocation revives biopiracy debate." Nature Biotechnology 23, no. 5 (May 2005): 511–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt0505-511.

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32

Silva, M. "Bioresources and "Biopiracy" in Brazil." Science 280, no. 5364 (May 1, 1998): 655d—655. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.280.5364.655d.

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33

Verma, Inder M. "Biopiracy: Distrust Widens the Rich–Poor Divide." Molecular Therapy 5, no. 2 (February 2002): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/mthe.2002.0534.

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34

Jack, David. "Medicines from nature - bioprospecting, biopiracy and benefit sharing." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 1145 (July 1998): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-199811450-00003.

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35

Isla, Ana. "An Ecofeminist Perspective on Biopiracy in Latin America." Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 32, no. 2 (January 2007): 323–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/508378.

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36

Kupferschmidt, Kai. "Biologists raise alarm over changes to biopiracy rules." Science 361, no. 6397 (July 5, 2018): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.361.6397.14.

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37

Stone, R. "Chinese Province Crafts Pioneering Law to Thwart Biopiracy." Science 320, no. 5877 (May 9, 2008): 732–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.320.5877.732.

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38

Efferth, Thomas, Mita Banerjee, Norbert W. Paul, Sara Abdelfatah, Joachim Arend, Gihan Elhassan, Sami Hamdoun, et al. "Biopiracy of natural products and good bioprospecting practice." Phytomedicine 23, no. 2 (February 2016): 166–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2015.12.006.

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39

Scheper-Hughes, Nancy. "Biopiracy and the Global Quest for Human Organs." NACLA Report on the Americas 39, no. 5 (March 2006): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10714839.2006.11722337.

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40

Alter, Joan Martinez. "International biopiracy versus the value of local knowlege." Capitalism Nature Socialism 11, no. 2 (June 2000): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10455750009358913.

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41

Tauli‐Corpuz, Victoria. "Is Biopiracy an Issue for Feminists in the Philippines?" Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 32, no. 2 (January 2007): 332–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/508222.

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42

Cressey, Daniel. "Treaty to stop biopiracy threatens to delay flu vaccines." Nature 542, no. 7640 (February 2017): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/542148a.

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43

Brower, Vicki. "From human rights to the human genome — stopping biopiracy." Nature Medicine 3, no. 10 (October 1997): 1056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm1097-1056b.

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44

Srinivas, Krishna Ravi. "Ikechi Mgbeoji: Global biopiracy: patents, plants and indigenous knowledge." Agriculture and Human Values 26, no. 4 (July 21, 2009): 401–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10460-009-9227-4.

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45

Mendieta, Eduardo. "Biopiracy and Bioterrorism: Banana Republics, NAFTA, and Taco Bell." Peace Change 31, no. 1 (January 2006): 80–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0130.2006.00344.x.

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46

Hamilton, Chris. "‘Biopiracy’ as a Challenge to Intellectual Property Rights Systems." Development 49, no. 4 (November 26, 2006): 94–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.development.1100300.

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47

Prieto-Acosta, Margarita. "Book Review: Global Biopiracy. Patents, Plants, and Indigenous Knowledge." Journal of Ethnobiology 28, no. 1 (March 2008): 140–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2993/0278-0771_2008_28_140_gbppai_2.0.co_2.

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48

Prasada, Erisa Ardika. "Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Pengetahuan Tradisional Di Indonesia." Jurnal Kepastian Hukum dan Keadilan 4, no. 1 (July 3, 2022): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.32502/khk.v4i1.4488.

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Traditional knowledge is part of society that is passed down from generation to generation and needs to be protected by law. There is potential for economic benefits resulting from the use of traditional knowledge by developed countries through biopiracy or misappropriation. This article aims to examine the legal protection for people who possess traditional knowledge from acts of biopiracy or misappropriation under the Patent Law (UU Patent). The research method in writing is normative research with a statutory approach. The results of the study reveal that the legal protection of traditional knowledge is regulated in Article 26 of Law no. 13 of 2016 concerning Patents, namely if the invention relates to and/or originates from genetic resources and/or traditional knowledge, it must clearly and correctly state the origin of the genetic resources and/or traditional knowledge in the description. This is done so that genetic resources and/or traditional knowledge are not recognized by other countries and in order to support Access Benefit Sharing (ABS). The distribution of results and/or access to the use of genetic resources and/or traditional knowledge is carried out in accordance with the laws and regulations and international agreements in the field of genetic resources and traditional knowledge.Keywords: Benefit Sharing; Patent; Traditional Knowledge

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49

Ojha, Hemant R. "Biopiracy challenges. Daniel F Robinson (2011) Confronting Biopiracy: Challenges, Cases and International Debates. Milton Park: Earthscan, 190 + xvi pp., $40.20, pbk, ISBN: 9781844077229." Asia Pacific Viewpoint 55, no. 1 (April 2014): 124–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/apv.12023.

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50

Kapepiso, Fabian Simasiku, and Richard Higgs. "Tracing the curation of Indigenous knowledge in a biopiracy case." AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples 16, no. 1 (February 10, 2020): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1177180120903502.

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This study presents a constructivist grounded theory study of curation and biopiracy of the San people’s knowledge about Hoodia. The “discoveries” and records of the Hoodia species by Carl P. Thunberg, Francis Masson, as well as the recorded experience of Rudolf Marloth, led to scientific experiments and commercial trials in an attempt to develop slimming drugs. This study has identified key layers and knowledge domains that have added new layers of information and knowledge to traditional knowledge concerning the use of Hoodia for medicinal purposes. The study traces the movement of Indigenous knowledge from the San to the CSIR, from CSIR to Phytopharm, Pfizer and Unilever, through the licencing of a patent on Hoodia. An emergent theory based on the concept of palimpsest suggests that erasures of the existing traditional knowledge occurred as new layers of knowledge were added or applied.

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