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1
Kudláč, Adam. "Zpracování bioplynu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-228858.
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The diploma thesis includes proposals suitable for usage of the technologies for clearing the biogas into a quality of substitute natural gas (SNG). The most suitable technology is chosen for the clearing the biogas out of the septic tanks of the laboratory for biologically decomposable waste treatment at Institute of process and environmental engineering. There is a calculation , a proposal and a realisation of the experimental unit for clearing the biogas performed.
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Holt, Jim. "Biopolar Disorder." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2007. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6500.
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Vařeka, Miloš. "Zpracování bioplynu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-229114.
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The aim of this work is to introduce technology sufficient of usage for treatment of biogas to the quality of natural gas and to propose and to realize an experiment in finding effectivity of one of these methods.
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Krhut, Štěpán. "Zušlechťování bioplynu metodou PSA." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-318663.
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This work deals with bio gas cleaning by a PSA method and modernizing of a laboratory unit. Raw bio gas contains many unwanted elements like carbon dioxide mostly which lowers its energy potential then. To extend the possibilities of usage of bio gas it is necessary to remove such elements. One of the well-known method for eliminating CO2 out of the bio gas is the method called Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA). This work describes PSA method and compares it with other methods for cleaning the bio gas. In the following part of my work I am introducing the original laboratory PSA unit which is placed in the laboratory of UPI institution for research purposes. The modernization of the method was made by changing the manual valves for electromagnetic ones and there was also designed a new control system unit for two control modes. For manual and for automatic. The essential function is based on remote controlling the valves either by switches or by a program. The electric control panel was created for such required modes. The automated process was controlled by Arduino programming platform which was integrated into the panel. In the case of the next measurement and reading there was created a detailed description for user on how to operate the control panel and also the comments for control program of automatization.
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Hřebíček, Martin. "Nízkoteplotní úprava bioplynu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-229985.
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The aim of this thesis is the issue of low-temperature cleaning of biogas. He briefly acquaint the reader with the technology of production of biogas and its possible use. Provide requirements for low-temperature treatment and purification of biogas to the needs of downstream equipment. Provide an overview of the possibilities of suitable production systems applicable cold. Develop your own design facilities for low-temperature treatment of biogas
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Dedinský, Tomáš. "Membranova separace bioplynu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-319255.
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The thesis handles the problem of biogas purification by membrane separation method, and its application on existing biogas plants. Assessing of impacts of this implementation is carried out from technical and economical point of view.
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Luzhnica, Donjeta. "Bioplast : Ett hållbart förpackningsmaterial." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för industriell ekonomi, industridesign och maskinteknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-30044.
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Kovář, Martin. "Odstraňování CO2 z bioplynu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-230304.
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Research the Selexol, Rectisol, Fluor and Purisol technologies for the treatment of biogas to natural gas quality is the main job. The purified biogas must meet quality requirements, which sets out legislation Czech Republic. An important point is to build models of technology in the ChemCad software. Methods are analyzed with these models for the same output requirements. The result is to determine whether the technologies are suitable for biogas purification and implement, through research, simplified technical and economic evaluation.
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Fjer, Mouhsine. "Strained Si heterojunction bioploar transistors." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1290.
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This dissertation addresses the world’s first demonstration of strained Si Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors (sSi HBTs). The conventional SiGe Heterojunction Bipolar Transistor (SiGe HBT), which was introduced as a commercial product in 1999 (after its first demonstration in 1988), has become an established device for high-speed applications. This is due to its excellent RF performance and compatibility with CMOS processing. It has enabled silicon-based technology to penetrate the rapidly growing market for wide bandwidth and wireless telecommunications once reserved for more expensive III–V technologies. SiGe HBTs is realised by the pseudomorphic growth of SiGe on a Si substrate, which allows engineering of the base region to improve performance. In this way the base has a smaller energy band gap than the emitter, which increases the gain. The energy band gap of SiGe reduces with increasing Ge composition, but the maximum Ge composition is limited by the amount of strain that can be accommodated within a given base layer thickness. Therefore, a new innovation is necessary to overcome this limitation and meet the continuous demand for high speed devices. Growing the SiGe base layer over a relaxed SiGe layer (Strain Relaxed Buffer) can increase the amount of Ge that can be incorporated in the base, hence, increasing the device performance. In this thesis, experimental data is presented to demonstrate the realisation of sSi HBTs. The performance of this novel device has been also investigated and explained using TCAD tool.
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Frühbauer, Zdeněk. "Využití bioplynu v plynárenské síti." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-230009.
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The thesis deals with the technologies upgrading the biogas to the quality of the natural gas for the following use in the gas distribution system. The main concern of the thesis is the pressure swing adsorption (PSA), which is nowadays one of the most exploited technologies. For a certain flow and composition of the biogas, completely new PSA technology was designed. Technological schema was created and the main technological devices (adsorbers) were drawn up together with the design documentation for this new technology. The important part of the thesis is also the model of the whole PSA technology in the ChemCAD programme and the evaluation of the operating and investment costs.
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Němec, Jan. "Čištění bioplynu na kvalitu zemního plynu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-230316.
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This work deals with methods of biogas cleaning to natural gas quality for further use. The introduction is focused on technologies for biogas treatment and biogas management for current situation in the Czech Republic. In the main chapter there is a water scrubber technology design and calculation of the absorption column for the conditions given. A simulation model and preliminary economic balance were then developed on the obtained data.
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Alatiq, Yousra. "Psychological Processes Underlying Vulnerability to Biopolar Disorder." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.504282.
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Adamčík, Jiří. "Tvorba výnosu čiroku pěstovaného pro produkci bioplynu." Doctoral thesis, Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-259633.
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Low temperature during germination is a major limiting factor affecting growth of sugar sorghum in the Czech Republic. The aim of the study was to determine the ability of stimulated seeds germinate in slightly adverse conditions (less optimal temperatures) and evaluate the impact of biologically active compounds to faster germination of sorghum seeds and next plant growth. Two sorghum seed lots were treated by auxinous preparations Lexin and M Sunagreen. Germination was tested in germination chamber at temperatures 12, 15, 18 and 21 °C in the dark for 14 days. The results confirm stimulation of sugar sorghum seeds and increase of the germination speed at lower temperatures. Top acting biologically active agent (for faster germination) was Lexin. This product has a significant impact on increasing of the seed vigour. In less favorable conditions (12 ° C) application of Lexin increase germination speed of sorghum seeds by a full five days. Shortening of mean germination time was detected after M-Sunagreen application too. 25 cm row spacing on sorghum sugar and 50 cm on the grain sorghum were the best in our experiments. We have found that fertilizer Urea Stabil before sowing at a dose of 80 kg N.ha1 and then the same dose fertilization in stage BBCH 35 is preferred.
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Novák, David. "Kombinovaná výroba tepla a bioplynu pomocí bioreaktoru." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-376932.
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This diploma thesis deals with the bioreactor system and its use for the production of heat and biogas. The bioreactor uses the composting and metanogation process of fermentation that humanity has known for hundreds of years, but the combination of these processes is a relatively unexplored area. The theoretical part of the thesis analyzes the existing possibilities of utilization of the heat generated in the compost, and also describes the used technology of small biogas stations and other small systems for biogas production. It follows the practical part of the work, when it was the task to design a bioreactor working at low temperatures during the winter. Part of the solution is the initial design and testing of the basic test structure of the bioreactor, followed by the implementation of a more advanced and more complex system, including a control and measuring center realized by a microcontroller.
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Karlsson, Sandra. "Förseglingsegenskaper hos pappersförpackningar med konventionell plast och bioplast." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för fysik, kemi och biologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-80707.
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Pappersbaserade förpackningar är ett område som växer snabbt. För att hålla ihop en förpackning och skydda dess innehåll är det nödvändigt mednågon form av förslutningsystem. I projektet har förslutningar i form av varmförseglingar studerats för olika sorters förpackningsmaterial. Vidvarmförsegling pressar två varma metallbackar ihop materialen vilket gör att en försegling bildas mellan dem. Hur stark en försegling blir beror påmaterialegenskaper och på de parameterinställningar som används vid försegling. Vilken analysmetod och vilka inställningar proverna analyseratsmed påverkar de resultat som erhålls. Studien inkluderade flexibla material för applikationer inom medicin och livsmedel samt styva material vilkavar svåra att analysera med de analysmetoder som fanns tillgängliga. Förseglingar gjordes i laboratoriemiljö och i kommersiellatillverkningsmaskiner för att undersöka om dessa kan jämföras. Experimenten visar bland annat att förseglingsegenskaperna varierar beroende påtyp av plast och papper, materialets tjocklek och ytvikt. Förseglingsstyrkan är också olika beroende på om den testas längs eller tvärs materialetstillverkningsriktning. Genom en stor mängd analyser har en strategi för hur olika material bör utvärderas arbetats fram.Paperboard and paper based solutions are of rapidly increasing interest to the packaging industry. Packaging needs a sealing system to keep theproduct inside safe. One common type of sealing is heat sealing, i.e. the materials are placed between two hot sealing bars which are closedtogether to form a seal. The strength of such seals depend on the properties of the material and the settings during sealing. The test method and thesettings used when analysing samples do also influence the results. This study of sealing properties includes flexible material for medicalapplications and materials used in food applications, as well as stiff and thick materials used in food applications which are harder to analyse usingcurrent methods. Sealing properties are for some materials compared between seals made in commercial packaging machines and seals made in thelaboratory. The results from this study show that sealability is dependent on 1) what kind of paper and what kind of plastic are used; 2) thicknessand weight of the material; and 3) whether the test is performed in or cross machine direction. Finally, a method is proposed on how to evaluatedifferent kinds of materials based on data generated by this study.
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Sundin, Anton. "Produktion av bioplast i Värmland? : Fermentering av olika avfallströmmar." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-36624.
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Ett av världens största miljöproblem är plastnedskräpning. På många platser kan spår av mänsklig närvaro ses i form av skräp av plast. År 2011 tillverkades det 280 miljoner ton plast, det motsvarar ungefär 28 000 Eiffeltorn. I Sverige förbrukades år 2010 ungefär 880 000 ton plast. I Asien produceras ungefär 50 % av all världens plast och Kina står för cirka hälften av detta. Nordamerika och Europa står för cirka 40 % av världens plastproduktion. Resterande produktion av plast är fördelat på Afrika och Sydamerika. Kommersiell plast är uppbyggd av små enheter kallade polymerer. Polymerer är i sin tur uppbyggda av ännu mindre enheter som kallas monomerer. Dessa monomerer är i dagsläget framställda av petroleum (råolja/mineralolja). Ungefär 4 % av världens oljekonsumtion går åt som råvara till att producera plast och lika mycket olja används som bränsle i tillverkningsprocessen. Begreppet bioplast är en hel familj av material som är biologiskt nedbrytbar, biobaserade eller bådadera. Det är dock inte en självklarhet att bioplaster besitter båda egenskaperna. PHA-plast är biobaserad och biologisk nedbrytbar, vilket är anledningen till att den står i fokus under detta examensarbete. För produktion av PHA-plast används en trestegsprocess, vilket innefattar ett fermenteringssteg, ett selektionssteg och ett ackumuleringssteg. Sist sker en extraktion för att frigöra PHA- plasten från det övriga organiska materialet. Syftet med det här examensarbetet är att med hjälp av framställning av bioplast främja miljön, vilket en anläggning som producerar bioplast skulle göra eftersom en del av den fossiloljebaserade plasten skulle kunna bytas ut mot bioplasten PHA. Större framställningsmöjligheter av bioplast i Värmland skulle medföra ett ökat intresse av en produktionsanläggning. Målet är att inventera olika industrier runt om i Värmland, i första hand matindustrier och skogsindustrier, och utreda deras processavloppsvattens potential att producera VFA. I detta examensarbete har fermenteringsförsök genomförts satsvis på processavloppsvatten från OLW, Barilla (Wasa), Skoghall, Gruvön och Rottneros. Försöken visar deras potential att producera VFA. Experimenten utfördes med ett konstant pH på 6 och varierande uppehållstid. Resultaten visade att OLW och Barilla har bäst potential till VFA-produktion med 4500 mg/l respektive 1610 mg/l. Spädning av OLWs och Barillas processavloppsvatten visade sig vara en gynnsam åtgärd, då VFA-produktionen ökade snabbare i jämförelse med de tester som utfördes vid icke-spädning. Dock erhölls inte lika stor totalmängd av VFA. Det är dock bättre att producera en större mängd VFA och på så vis låta processen ta längre tid. Vid fortsatta experiment rekommenderas att göra ytterligare försök på OLW och Barillas processavloppsvatten då de visade bäst potential till VFA-produktion.One of the biggest environmental problems is the plastic littering. In many places traces of human presence is seen in the form of plastic littering. In the year 2011, 280 million tons of plastic was produced, which represents about 28 000 Eiffel Towers. In Sweden, about 880 000 tons of plastic a year is consumed, according to figures from 2010. Approximately 50 % of all the world's plastics are produced In Asia and China accounts for about half of it. North America and Europe account for about 40% of the world's plastic production. The remaining production is distributed between Africa and South America. Commercial plastic is made from small units called polymers. A polymer consists of smaller units called monomers. In present, these monomers are produced out of petroleum (crude oil/ mineral oil). Approximately 4% of the world’s oil consumption is spent as raw material to produce plastic and the same amount of oil is used as fuel in the plastic production process. The term bio-plastic is used for a family of materials which are biodegradable, bio- based or both. However, it is not given that bioplastics do possess both properties. PHA plastics are both bio based and biodegradable, which is why it is the focus for this thesis. Production of PHA plastic is a three-step process comprising a fermentation step, a selection step, and an accumulation stage. Finally, there is an extraction to release the PHA plastic from the organic material. The aim of this thesis is to aid the production of bioplastics in order to lessen the environmental load of plastics. The more bioplastic that can be produced, the greater the interest of a bioplastic-producing plant in Värmland. The goal is to make an inventory of industries around Värmland, primarily food industries and forest industries, and to quantify the potential of their process wastewaters to produce VFA. In this thesis, fermentation experiments conducted batch-wise was performed with process wastewater from OLW, Barilla (Wasa), Skoghall, Gruvön and Rottneros. The experiments showed the wastewaters potential to produce VFA. The experiments were performed with a constant pH of 6 and with varying residence time. The results showed that OLW and Barilla has the highest potential for VFA production with 4500 mg/l and 1610 mg/l, respectively. Dilution of OLWs and Barillas process water turned out to be favorable, as the VFA production increased rapidly in comparison with those tests that were conducted under non-dilution. The total production of VFA, however, was not as high. In further experiments, it is recommended to make another attempt at the OLWs and Barillas process wastewater since they showed the best potential for VFA production.
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Stibůrek, Jakub. "Vliv hnojení trvalého travního porostu na substrátovou produkci bioplynu." Master's thesis, Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-256795.
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The aim of this study was to extend knowledge about the influence of permanent grassland fertilization on the yield and the quality of biogas.
During the years 2013 and 2014 three levels of fertilization (non fertilized control, N50PK, N200PK) were tested. Samples were taken from the experiment site Černíkovice, Benešov region. For anaerobic digestion, a 40 day mesophilic conditions batch test was chosen.
A statistically significant decrease of substrate biogas yield (SBY) and area biogas yield (ABY) with higher doses of fertilizers occurred between non fertilized control (575.4 ml/g; 3332.4 m3/ha) and N200PK variant (460.5 ml/g; 2605.7 m3/ha) in 2013. The only statistically significant differences in the quality of biogas were found during the first day of anaerobic digestion, when the highest doses of fertilizers caused higher concentration of methane (33.2 %) compared to control variant (22.6 %).
Application of fertilizers had no significant effect on SBY in 2014. Still, the highest SBY was obtained from the non fertilized control (762.7 ml/g) compared to N50PK (707.6 ml/g) and N200PK variant (732.8 ml/g). Furthermore, significant most of the ABY was obtained from the N50PK (2911.5 m3/ha) compared to the non fertilized control (2296.3 m3/ha). The only significant differences in biogas quality were found during the initial 7 days of the test. Most of the methane was contained in biogas from the non fertilized control (59.1 %), and least amount of the methane was found in the N50PK variant (57.9 %).
ABY is highly influenced by the yields of phytomass, which were negatively affected by the late first cut caused by unfavorable site conditions in 2013.
Cumulative biogas production showed that the most important part of anaerobic digestion was during the initial 14 days, which produced upwards of 80 % of total biogas yields in both years.
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Svoboda, Jan. "Vliv mebránové separace bioplynu na stávající provoz bioplynové stanice." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-254343.
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The thesis deals with the issue of removing carbon dioxide from biogas using membrane separation. Addresses the impact of the implementation of a small research facility at the existing operation of the biogas plant. Assessment of the impact on traffic is solved in terms of technical and economic.
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Löfvall, Frida. "Bioplast från träpressvatten? : Fermentering av pressvatten från olika träslag." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-43448.
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Vrabcová, Zuzana. "Vliv organizace porostu na produkční a kvalitativní charakteristiky kukuřice pro krmné a alternativní využití biomasy." Doctoral thesis, Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-259723.
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In years 2014 and 2015 on the experimental plots of the Czech University of Life Sciences and in Prague and Cerveny Ujezd was observed the influence of row spacing and plant density on morphological and production parameters of silage maize. Two years results show that greater influence had plant density than row spacing. At both sites were significantly affected by row spacing dry matter yield and leaf assimilation area.
Plant density affected on both sites weight of plant and leaf assimilation area. For biogas production the biggest impact had plants part, resp. cobs. Finally, year and habitats had very important influence on the monitored parameters.
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Hales, Susie. "An investigation of mental imagery in unipolar and biopolar depression." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.510422.
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Navrátil, Petr. "Čištění bioplynu pomocí metody PSA (adsorpce za měnícího se tlaku)." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231509.
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The topic of this master thesis is upgrading of biogas. As a mixture of gases produced during anaerobic digestion, contains methane which is highly energy valuable gas. But also other substances that we want to remove. We will present the motivation for upgrading biogas and the possibility of separation, generally the pressure swing adsorption method. The key parameter of this technique is the choice of a suitable adsorbent. This is possible based on the knowledge of adsorption processes, therefore, is also described below. The objective of this thesis is to determine the parameters of the pressure swing adsorption metod. To do this it is necessary to determine the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent, measure breakthrough curves of carbon dioxide and methane, and determine the pressure drop of solid bed, etc. As a result we can finally make a balance and evaluate the applicability in practice.
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Šrámek, Zbyněk. "Návrh technologie čištění bioplynu pro pohon vozidel pomocí membránové separace." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-254301.
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Thesis aims to design suitable technology for biogas treatment so that its output can be used as a fully equivalent fuel for vehicles. First part introduces reader into an area of biogas treatment. Second part describes in detail chosen method, technology of membrain separation. In third part, current conditions in Czech republic were discussed. Fourth part adresses the aplication of membrane technology into existing biogas station via side-standing reaserch container. The end of the thesis is focused on selection and proper desing of blower, which will be transporting raw biogas from biogas fermenters into research container.
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Shishido, Reid Tadashi. "Load-pull measurement and simulation on indium phosphide heterojunction biopolar transistors." Thesis, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/6987.
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Indium-phosphide (InP) based amplifiers have recently attracted a great deal of attention due to their superior power and efficiency characteristics for high-performance telecommunications. A state-of-the-art InP heterojunction bipolar transistor was characterized using an automated load-pull measurement system to determine the optimum load conditions for future applications at 10 GHz. These measurements yielded power-added efficiencies ranging from 54-63% for Class A to Class C/E bias conditions. Simulations using a SPICE model confirmed the accuracy of the model at 10 GHz with simulated efficiencies between 44-58%.x, 73 leaves
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Vershinin, Konstantin. "The Clustered Insulated Gate Biopolar Transistor (CIGBT)- from concept to manufacturing." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.506435.
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Keränen, S. (Sara). "Kolposkopiakäynnit OYS:ssa vuonna 2015:papa-näytteen sytologian korrelaatio kolposkopiassa otetun biopsian historiaan." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2018. http://jultika.oulu.fi/Record/nbnfioulu-201803131353.
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Tiivistelmä. Sytologisen papa-näytteen korrelaatio biopsia- tai loop-konisaationäytteessä todettuun histologiaan vaihtelee eri tutkimusten välillä. Lisäksi sytologisten ja histologisten muutosten luokittelussa ja tulkinnassa on todettu eroja eri patologien ja eri laboratorioiden välillä. Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoitus on selvittää minkälaisia histologisia muutoksia löytyy eri sytologisten papa-muutosten taustalta Oulun yliopistollisessa sairaalassa (OYS). Lisäksi tutkimustavoitteena oli katsoa, toteutuvatko Euroopan Kolposkopiayhdistyksen (EFC) asettamat laatukriteerit OYS:ssa. Lisäksi tutkimuksen avulla saataisiin mahdollisesti tietoa, onko endocervix- eli strich-näytteestä hyötyä diagnostiikassa.
Aineistona oli vuonna 2015 OYS:ssa naistentautien poliklinikalla tehdyt kolposkopiat eli kohdunkaulan tähystykset. Aineisto on kerätty retrospektiivisesti potilastietojärjestelmästä. Tutkimukseen otettiin mukaan 347 potilasta, joiden tulosyynä oli papa-muutos, ja jotka sen papa-muutoksen vuoksi tulivat ensimmäiselle käynnille aikaisintaan vuonna 2014. Potilaista kerättiin tiedot SPSS-ohjelmaan. Tulokset analysoitiin käyttämällä ristiintaulukointia.
Tässä tutkimuksessa HSIL-papan vuoksi otettiin kohdunkaulasta biopsiat 59 potilaalta: taustalta löytyi histologisesti 16 (27,1 %) potilaalta LSIL tai lievempi muutos, 40 (67,8 %) potilaalta HSIL-tasoinen muutos, 2 (3,4 %) potilaalta adenokarsinooma in situ -muutos, ja 1 (1,7 %) potilaalta levyepiteelikarsinooma. HSIL-papan vuoksi tehtiin loop-konisaatio joko suoraan tai biopsioiden jälkeen 102 potilaalle: taustalta löytyi 20 (19,6 %) potilaalta LSIL tai lievempi muutos, 74 (72,5 %) potilaalta HSIL-tasoinen muutos, 4 (3,9 %) potilaalta AIS, 3 (2,9 %) potilaalta levyepiteelikarsinooma, ja 1 (1,0 %) potilaalta adenokarsinooma.
Tässä tutkimuksessa poistetuissa loop-konisaateissa oli 79,3 % tapauksista CIN2+ tasoinen muutos, kun EFC:n laatukriteerin 1. mukaan vähintään 85 %:ssa poistetuista loop-konisaateissa tulisi olla vähintään CIN2-tasoinen muutos. EFC:n laatukriteeri 2. mukaan kolposkopia tulisi olla aina tehtynä ennen poikkeavan sytologian loop-konisaatiohoitoa, tämä kriteeri toteutuu OYS:ssa. EFC:n kriteerin 3. mukaan dysplasian tulisi olla poistettu 80 % tehdyissä loop-konisaateissa, tässä aineistossa marginaalit olivat puhtaat 56,8 %:ssa tapauksista. Strich-näytteen hyödyllisyyden arvioiminen osoittautui haastavaksi. Tämän tutkimuksen perusteella vaikuttaisi, että se on spesifinen mutta hyvin epäsensitiivinen tutkimus.
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Torssell, Sofia, and Anna Wong. "Optimal användning av biomassa : En studie av biomassans användning i kraftvärme, biogas och bioplast." Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-190191.
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Humanity has always used energy in different forms; muscle power and heating, for example. The sources of energy undergo constant development, and in the 18th century, fossil fuels were discovered. Today, the awareness of climatic effects and climate problems related to the fossil fuels has increased, and they are not accepted in the same way they were then. One of today’s common sources of energy is biomass. The usage of biomass is nothing new, for example, the burning of wood has been used for cooking and heating for a long time, but today there are additional possible uses, and even more areas of use are under development. Biomass is a renewable source of energy, containing inartificial organic material, living or dead. There are three types of biomass: raw material from the forest, from watercourses and from agriculture. These can, among other things, be used for biofuels, food and animal feed, textiles, plastics and nanocellulose – a very strong material, with attributes similar to Kevlar. The purpose of this bachelor’s degree project was to investigate the areas of use for biomass and to find out which one of them that is optional, with help from a breakdown of cost and energy, in consideration of chosen limitations and formulations of questions. The work was based on the increasing demand for alternatives to the fossil based energy sources. The aim was to find the optimal area of use for those alternatives, in regard to energy usage, climatic effects and economy. The work begun with an information search, where the areas of use for biomass and their pros and cons were investigated. Then, the three most interesting areas were chosen: combined power and heating, biogas and bioplastics. Subcategories were chosen and calculations were made for these with an economic, environmental and ethical perspective, in order to decide the optimal area of use for biomass. The final result was that, among other things discovered, combined heating and power fueled with wooden chips is the most optimal area of use for biomass considering climatic/environmental effects, and that bioplastics is the most optimal area of use for the future, considering chosen limitations. Combined power and heating fueled with waste is the area of use that generates the biggest income in comparison to raw material cost.Människan har alltid använt sig av energi i olika former, exempelvis muskelkraft och värme. Energikällorna är under ständig utveckling, och på 1700-talet upptäcktes fossila bränslen. På senare tid har dock medvetenheten om miljöpåverkan och olika klimatproblem relaterade till de fossila källorna ökat, vilket lett till att de inte längre är lika acceptabla. En av dagens vanliga energikällor är biomassa. Användning av biomassa i sig är ingen nymodighet, till exempel trä har länge eldats för att erhålla värme och tillaga mat. Idag finns däremot fler användningsområden, och ännu fler är under utveckling. Biomassa är en förnybar energikälla som innefattar naturligt, levande eller dött, organiskt material. Det finns tre typer av biomassa; skogsråvara, råvara från jordbruket samt vattendrag. Dessa biomassor kan användas till bland annat biobränslen och drivmedel, mat och djurfoder, textil, plast och nanocellulosa – ett mycket starkt material som egenskapsmässigt kan jämföras med kevlar. Syftet med detta kandidatexamensarbete var att undersöka användningsområden för biomassa och se vilket som är optimalt för användning med hänsyn till angivna avgränsningar och frågeställningar. Arbetet grundade sig i den ökade efterfrågan på alternativ till de fossilbaserade energikällorna och sammanställningar av energi- och kostnadsdata låg som grund. Målet var att ta reda på vad som är den mest optimala användningen av dessa med avseende på energianvändning, miljöpåverkan och ekonomi. Arbetet började med en litteraturstudie, där de olika användningsområdena för biomassa, samt dess fördelar och nackdelar undersöktes. Därefter valdes de tre mest intressanta områdena ut; kraftvärme, biogas och bioplast. Sedan valdes specifika områden för dessa, och beräkningar gjordes med ekonomiskt, miljömässigt och etiskt perspektiv, så att den optimala användningen för biomassa kunde tas fram. Till slut konstaterades det, bland annat, att fliseldad kraftvärme är den mest optimala användningen av biomassa sett till miljöpåverkan och bioplast är det användningsområde för biomassa som har bäst potential för framtiden sett till givna avgränsningar. Avfallseldad kraftvärme är det användningsområde för biomassa som genererar störst inkomst i förhållande till kostnad för råvaran.
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Stasinopoulos, Dimitrios I. "Cyriax physiotherapy : a supervised exercise programme and Biopton light for the treatment of lateral epicondylitis." Thesis, Leeds Beckett University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.423827.
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Lateral epicondylitis (LE) is one of the most common lesions of the arm. Physiotherapy is a conservative treatment that is usually recommended for LE patients and a wide array of physiotherapy treatments is used. Two of the most common physiotherapy treatments for LE are Cyriax physiotherapy and supervised exercise programmes. More recently physiotherapists are able to use a new modality called polarised polychromatic non-coherent light (Bioptron light) for the management of LE. The clinical value of these treatments for LE is not known. The aim of this project was to investigate the clinical use and clinical effectiveness of Cyriax physiotherapy, a supervised exercise programme and polarised polychromatic non-coherent light (Bioptron light) for the treatment of LE. Systematic review (Chapter 2) found that there was strong evidence for the short-term effectiveness of acupuncture for LE. It also found that there was strong evidence that four physiotherapy modalities, low power laser light, ultrasound, extracorporeal shock wave therapy, and pulsed electromagnetic field therapy were not effective treatments for the management of LE. There was insufficient evidence available for other treatments used for LE, such as iontophoresis and home exercise programmes, to judge their effectiveness. Chapter 2 recommended that more evidence is needed for Cyriax physiotherapy, supervised exercise programmes and polarised polychromatic non-coherent light (Bioptron light). It is necessary to establish optimal protocols for these treatments before a suitable clinical trial can be designed. A critical literature review (Chapter 3) found that treatment protocols for Cyriax physiotherapy, supervised exercise programmes and polarised polychromatic non-coherent light (Bioptron light) were mainly derived from the views of advocates of these treatments, based on their personal experience. Two preliminary clinical studies were conducted to pilot the use of treatment protocols derived from the critical review in Chapter 3 on overuses injuries that were similar to LE and were regularly presented to the clinic (Chapter 4). In the first study (section 4.3) Cyriax physiotherapy did not reduce the pain in patellar tendinopathy, while the supervised exercise programme did. In the second study (section 4.4) polarised polychromatic non-coherent light (Bioptron light) reduced nocturnal pain and paraesthesia in carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). The findings of these two pilot studies should be interpreted cautiously because the number of patients included in the patellar tendinopathy was small and in the CTS study it was not possible to attribute changes to the light per se because the study lacked a control group. Before the effectiveness of these protocols could be tested, a questionnaire survey was conducted to establish the current clinical practices of these physiotherapy treatments for LE. This survey was based on the self-reporting of chartered physiotherapists in Athens using these treatments in their clinical practice (Chapter 5). It may be confidently assumed that the results of the questionnaire present a representative view of current clinical practice of Cyriax physiotherapy, a supervised exercise programme and polarised polychromatic non-coherent light (Bioptron light) on LE at least as these treatments are applied in Athens. How much this reflects usage in the rest of the Greece, Europe, or even the world, is yet to be seen by extending the research. When the effectiveness of Cyriax physiotherapy, a supervised exercise programme and polarised polychromatic non-coherent light (Bioptron light) for LE was compared, the three treatments reduced pain and improved function at the end of the treatment and at any of the follow-up time points (Chapter 6). Whether this is due to placebo effects is not known. The supervised exercise programme produced the largest effect in the short, intermediate and long term (Chapter 6). This finding suggests that, of the three treatments, the supervised exercise programme should be used as a first treatment option when physiotherapists manage LE patients (Chapter 6; Chapter 7). If this is not possible, Cyriax physiotherapy and polarised polychromatic non-coherent light (Bioptron light) may be suitable (Chapter 6; Chapter 7). Although the three treatments are promising interventions for the management of patients with LE, further research is warranted to investigate and confirm the effectiveness of Cyriax physiotherapy, supervised exercise programmes and polarised polychromatic non-coherent light (Bioptron light) in the treatment of impairment and disability resulting from LE.
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Herman, Pavel. "Vliv dezintegrace vstupního materiálu na produkci methanu při anaerobní fermentaci." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-230368.
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This master‘s thesis deals with the influence of disintegration of brewer's grains for the production of biogas by anaerobic fermentation. The first part introduces us with the issue of biodegradable wastes. There are given their characteristics, ways of handling with them and legislative restrictions associated with them. In other sections there is a detailed description of anaerobic fermentation itself, including characteristics of biogas. Then there is issue of disintegration during fermentation including a list and characteristic of some disintegration methods. The main part of the thesis consists of description of the experiments on which it is observed increment of biogas based on the disintegration of brewer's grains and the evaluation of the individual experiments including the calculation of economic of the disintegration in laboratory conditions.
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Mošnerová, Jitka. "Detekce únavy z elektromyogramu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-220834.
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The aim of the diploma thesis is the design and implementation of methods for detecting fatigue in electromyogram (EMG). At first is done a literature review on the topic of fatigue detection in electromyography (EMG). Measurement of fatigue-induced changes in the EMG signal is performed on ten subjects using the Biopac ©. Next is in the thesis solved the selection of the optimal methods of evaluating the fatigue-induced changes in EMG recording using statistical testing. In the final part of the thesis is discussion on the results of statistical testing, creation a user interface in Matlab © and comprehensive instructions for laboratory focused on the topic of fatigue in the EMG signal.
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Costa, André de Castro Rodrigo da. "Utilização de probióticos em perus (Meleagris Gallopavo) como promotores do crescimento." Bachelor's thesis, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/1712.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina VeterináriaNos últimos anos a actividade pecuária tem sofrido um forte desenvolvimento, salientando-se a avicultura como um dos seus sectores mais florescentes. Contudo, a intensificação dos sistemas de produção, levou a um agravamento dos problemas sanitários, que foram até recentemente controlados com a utilização dos antibióticos promotores do crescimento (APCs). Porém, a estes, estão associados vários problemas tais como a criação de resistências em humanos e por este motivo vários países, incluindo os da União Europeia, têm limitado ou proibido a sua utilização, forçando uma busca de novas alternativas. Entre as que têm sido adiantadas, destacam-se os probióticos, que são produtos compostos por microflora bacteriana viva, capaz de exercer um efeito benéfico sobre o seu hospedeiro. Neste trabalho avaliou-se o efeito de dois probióticos comerciais sobre os índices produtivos de perus numa situação normal de engorda (ensaio de campo) e também a sua capacidade de diminuir as rejeições no matadouro. Foram definidos três grupos de estudo: o grupo Controlo não suplementado, o grupo Aviguard, ao qual foi administrado o probiótico Aviguard® na água de bebida e o grupo Bioplus, ao qual se incorporou continuamente no alimento o probiótico Bioplus2B®. A utilização destes probióticos não melhorou os índices produtivos nem diminuiu as rejeições no matadouro, contudo, houve uma melhoria aparente, da uniformidade do bando Bioplus. No entanto, vários factores relacionados com o maneio, a biossegurança, as instalações, o tipo de estudo, o tipo de produto utilizado ou simplesmente imponderáveis (ex.doenças), poderão provavelmente, ter contribuído para a inconclusividade dos resultados.
ABSTRACT - UTILIZATION OF PROBIOTICS AS GROWTH PROMOTERS IN TURKEY POULTS - Animal husbandry had a remarkable development in recent years and, within its sectors, poultry production stands out as one of the most flourishing ones. However, the intensification of production systems has resulted in a degradation of animal health, which has, until now, been controlled by the use of antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs). Unfortunately AGPs have been associated to problems like antibiotic resistance in humans. For that reason, several countries, including European Union, have already restricted or banned its use, and so, forced the seeking of new alternatives. Among the alternatives presented we can the probiotics, which are composed by live microflora that is able to produce a beneficial effect on the host. A study in field conditions (field trial), was developed to evaluate the effect of two commercial probiotics on turkey´s (commercial flocks) performance and condemnation rates at slaughter. Three groups have been defined: the group Control, not supplemented, the group Aviguard, supplemented with Aviguard® in the drinking water, and the group Bioplus, to which the probiotic Bioplus2B®, was added continuously in feed None of the probiotics increased performance nor reduced the condemnation rate, though Bioplus flock appeared to be more uniform. .Several factors related with: the management, the biossecurity, the type of study developed, the facilities, the type of product that has been used, or related with imponderable factors such as diseases, have probably contributed for the inconclusiveness of the results.
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Prilepskiy, Kirill. "Ekonomická efektivnost bioplynové stanice." Master's thesis, Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-258983.
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The thesis is focused on evaluation of economic efficiency of two biogas plant stations of agricultural cooperative Mořina. Theoretical basis are divided into two parts. The first is about basic terms of biogas plant station like biomass, biogas and technology of production processes. The second part includes main thoughts of investment like what becomes before its implementation, cash flow planning and evaluation of economic efficiency based on static and dynamic methods. The practical part is focused on basic characteristics of the agricultural cooperative and its company activities where belongs operating of biogas plant stations and that is the main part of own work. This part includes information about financing methods, technology of production processes, statistic data about electrical and thermal energy, service and its financial requirements. The last part of own work includes cash flow preparing and planning of observed biogas plant stations and evaluation of its economic efficiency. The cash flow planning is based on estimated trends. There are suggestions and recommendations to improve operations based on the results and discussion in the end of the practical part. The conclusion includes the result of the thesis and general discussion about biogas plant stations.
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Veverka, Jakub. "Desintegrace flotačně zahuštěného kalu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231355.
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The main topic of this thesis is a research of influence of disintegration of sewage sludge on the production of biogas during the process of anaerobic fermentation. The theoretical part deals with issues and specific methods used during the process of waste water cleaning, furthermore it contains simplified description of waste water treatment plants and particular devices. The number of ways of processing sewage sludge and its potential utilization id also discussed. Following parts of the thesis analyze in detail my own process of anaerobic fermentation including important factors influencing this process. Comparison of aerobic and anaerobic fermentation and ecological perspective on the issue are included in this part. Another important part of the thesis deals with disintegration and description of the disintegration methods and devices. The fundamental part implies the analysis of the executed experiments. Experiments analyze the growth of biogas during anaerobic fermentation depending on the disintegration of sewage sludge. After that the evaluation of the experiments is stated together with economical calculations of the disintegration process executed in laboratory conditions.
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Bradáč, Antonín. "Návrh optimálního promíchávání velkokapacitních vyhnívacích nádrží." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-318823.
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The aim of this diploma thesis is an optimal method of mixing of the digester with consideration to the uniform mixing of the whole volume, ensuring the quality process conditions for the anaerobic fermentation and the maximum yield and quality of the produced biogas. First chapters describe the basic design parameters, general calculations and the principles for design of individual types of mixers, supplemented by practical examples of mixing large capacity tanks. The work introduces the problem of sludge formation at the sewage treatment plant with an emphasis on sludge treatment and the processes which take place inside the fermenter. Various types of design of anaerobic sludge stabilization digester were introduced. Also ways of their operation, which are necessary for the quality of the fermentation, were presented. In the next chapters, various ways of mixing high-capacity digester tanks and experience from the operation of selected treatment plants were described. According to the theoretical research part of this thesis, several types of mixing equipment was designed for the experimental digestion tank built at the Institute of Process Engineering which is used for research work with mixers. Measurement of the selected pneumatic mixing method was performed on the experimental tank and the findings were evaluated.
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Houlihan, Lorna M. "Genetic studies of bipolar disorder and recurrent major depression in a large Scottish family." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/4301.
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Bipolar disorder and recurrent major depression are complex psychiatric illnesses with a substantial, yet unknown genetic component. Genetic studies have identified linkage of bipolar disorder and recurrent major depression with markers on chromosome 4p15-p16 in a large Scottish family and three smaller families. To focus the search for genetic factors for susceptibility to illness two approaches were adopted: a chromosome 4p15-p16 candidate gene study and a whole-genome linkage scan. In the first instance, phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase type-II beta (PI4K2B) was selected as a candidate gene. Analysis of haplotypes in the four linked families identified two regions, both of which were shared by three families. PI4K2B lies within one of these regions. PI4K2B is also a worthy functional candidate as it is a member of the phosphatidylinositol pathway, which is targeted by lithium for therapeutic effect in bipolar disorder. Expression studies at the allele-specific mRNA and protein level were performed in lymphoblastoid cell lines from the large Scottish family. There was no evidence for expression differences between affected and non-affected family members. However, a case-control association study showed preliminary evidence for association of schizophrenia but not bipolar disorder, with tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms from the PI4K2B genomic region. Second, the linkage evidence for bipolar disorder and recurrent major depression in the large Scottish family was re-examined. This was important because additional family members had been recruited and advances in technology made it feasible to cover all chromosome regions more densely than had been possible ten years ago. Stringent genotyping and pedigree error checks were performed to ensure an optimised dataset for analysis. Furthermore, the large family was divided in an informative manner for ease of analysis using both parametric and non-parametric methods, supplemented by haplotype analysis. Genome-wide significant evidence for linkage was observed on chromosome 4p15- p16 and genome-wide suggestive evidence was observed on chromosomes 8p21 and 1p36. The analysis clearly supports the evidence for a susceptibility locus of bipolar disorder and recurrent major depression on chromosome 4p15-p16, while identifying other genetic loci that may confer risk to psychiatric illness.
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Eriksson, Joakim. "Miljöpåverkan av bioplast från skogsindustriellt avloppsvatten : En jämförande livscykelanalys av polypropen (PP) och polyhydroxyalkanoater (PHA) från Gruvöns massa- och pappersbruk." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-79924.
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I den här studien har en beräkningsmodell byggts för hur PHA skulle kunna produceras av substrat i avloppsvatten från Gruvöns bruk. Därefter har en jämförande livscykelanalys utförts där PP-sugrör inom Europa ersätts med PHA-sugrör från bruket. Målet med studien är att utvärdera och jämföra miljöpåverkan för en engångsprodukt av PHA med en engångsprodukt av PP. Syftet är att undersöka ett alternativt material till PP på grund av att fossila resurser är ändliga samt att alternativa material kommer krävas i och med europeiska kommissionens förbud mot engångsplast som träder i kraft 2022. Arbetet utförs också för att bidra med mer forskningsunderlag gällande PHA från restströmmar. Livscykelanalysen utfördes med ISO-standard: 14040 och 14044 som riktlinje för utförande. 1 ton sugrör valdes som funktionell enhet och hela produktens livscykel undersöktes med undantag för användningsfasen. PHA-produktion på bruket beräknades teoretiskt där mass- och energiflöden från modellen sedan användes för miljöbedömning. SimaPro valdes som programvara för LCA-beräkning, miljödata hämtades från databasen Ecoinvent 3 och ELCD där 10 av 18 miljöfaktorer inom metoden ReCiPe midpoint (h) undersöktes kompletterat med kumulativt energibehov (CED). Resultaten i studien visar en minskning av miljöpåverkan med 99 % om sugrör av PP skulle ersättas med sugrör av PHA från Gruvöns bruk. Samtidigt beräknades CED öka med cirka 50 %. Analyser av resultatet visar att giftighet för ekosystem i sjöar och hav vid materialframställning för PP är de största faktorerna för PP-sugrörets påverkan, motsvarande cirka 85 % av den totala miljöpåverkan. Inkludering av fler produktionsvariationer indikerar också att det finns potential att ytterligare sänka miljöpåverkan från PHA-sugrör samt att få en lägre energianvändning än för PP-sugrör genom att ändra metod för extraktion samt temperatur i fermenteringsprocessen. Resultaten är osäkra på grund av LCA-verktygets osäkerheter, brist på miljödata samt brist på studier. Resultaten kan dock användas för att se trender och potential. Ett exempel är att ingen större skillnad ses mellan engångsprodukter av PP och PHA när enbart klimatpåverkan och energi för produktion undersöks men när hela livscykeln undersöks med fler miljöfaktorer så verkar PP ha klart högre miljöpåverkan än PHA. Slutsatsen som dras är att engångsprodukter av PHA från varma restströmmar har potential att ersätta engångsprodukter av PP på ett för miljön hållbart sätt. Det kan vara en möjlig lösning till att fortsätta producera engångsprodukter som berörs av plastförbudet samt att lätta på en del av problematiken kring utarmning av fossila resurser. Mer studier gällande möjliga användningsområden samt en småskalig pilotanläggning på Gruvöns bruk rekommenderas som vidare steg för att utforska potentialen av PHA från restströmmar.In this study, a calculation model has been built on how PHA could be produced from forest industrial wastewater at Gruvöns pulp- and paper mill. Subsequently, a comparative life-cycle analysis has been carried out where production of PP-drinking straws in Europe is replaced with PHA-straws from the mill. The objective of the study is to assess and compare the environmental impact of a disposable PHA product with a disposable PP product. The purpose of the study is to examine an alternative material for PP due to the finite nature of fossil resources and the fact that alternative materials will be required when the plastic ban from the European Commission on disposable products comes into force 2022. An additional purpose is to provide more research data on PHA from residual streams. The lifecycle analysis was performed with ISO standard: 14040 and 14044 as a guideline and 1 ton of straw was selected as the functional unit. The entire life cycle was examined with an exception of the usage phase. PHA production at the mill was theoretically calculated and mass and energy flows from the model was then used in the environmental assessment. SimaPro was selected as the software for LCA calculation, environmental data was retrieved from the Ecoinvent 3 database and ELCD database. 10 out of 18 environmental factors within the ReCiPe midpoint (h) method were investigated complemented with cumulative energy demand (CED). The results of the study show a 99 % reduction in environmental impact if drinking straws of PP would be replaced with straws from PHA from Gruvön's mill. At the same time, CED was estimated to increase by about 50 %. Analyses of the results show that the toxicity of material production to marine and freshwater ecosystems is the most influential factor in the impact of PP straws, representing around 85 % of the total environmental impact. Expansion of the calculation model showed that there is potential to further reduce the environmental impact of PHA straws as well as the energy requirements to a level that is lower than that of PP straws by changing method of extraction and fermentation. The results are uncertain due to the uncertainties of the LCA tool, lack of environmental data and lack of studies. However, the results can be used to see trends and potential. One example is that no major difference is seen between disposable PP and PHA products when only climate impact and energy for production are examined, but when the entire life cycle is examined with more environmental factors, PP appears to have a significantly higher environmental impact than PHA. The conclusion drawn in the study is that disposable PHA products from hot residual streams have potential to replace disposable PP products in an environmentally sustainable manner. This may be a possible solution to continue producing disposable products that are affected by the plastic ban and to alleviate some of the problems surrounding depletion of fossil resources. Further studies on possible uses and a small-scale pilot plant at Gruvön's mill are recommended as further steps to explore the potential of PHA from residual streams.
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Vilga, Filip. "Parní kotel na odpadní teplo z kogenerační jednotky." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-319267.
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The main goal of this Master's thesis was to design heat recovery steam boiler for cogenera-tion unit of a biogas plant while flue gas was flowing from an engine exhaust. Its temperature and required pressure of a steam were assigned. The thesis contains thermal, aerodynamic, hyd-raulic calculations and verification of wall thicknesses for pressure parts of the boiler. Follow-up results of these calculations served for making of projection drawings as well as equipment needed for reliable boiler operation.
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Maceno, Marcelo Adriano Corrêa. "Resíduo de palma como substrato para a produção do complexo enzimático celulolítico - Subprojeto C1 projeto BIOPAL - Vale S. A." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/37847.
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Orientadora : Profa. Dra. Michele Rigon SpierCo-orientador : Prof. Dr. Carlos Ricardo Soccol
Co-orientadora : Profª. Dra. Luciana Porto de Souza Vandenberghe
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Tecnologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Bioprocessos e Biotecnologia. Defesa: Curitiba, 14/05/2014
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Área de concentração: Agroindústria e biocombustíveis
Resumo: Complexos celulolíticos são compostos por três tipos de celulases: endoglucanases, exoglucanases e ?-glicosidases. Industrialmente os fungos mais utilizados para a produção de celulases são o Trichoderma reesei e o Aspergillus niger, utilizando processo de fermentação submersa com sólido em suspensão (FSS), sendo que há poucas indústrias que utilizam resíduos para a produção desse complexo enzimático. As celulases possuem aplicação na indústria de alimentos, têxtil, de papel e celulose, na produção de biocombustíveis, entre outras aplicações. Este trabalho, um subprojeto da Projeto BioPal (Vale S.A), teve como objetivo a seleção de microrganismos, otimização da produção, concentração do produto e aumento de escala, para produção de celulases a partir de resíduo de palma. Neste trabalho foram testadas linhagens de Trichoderma sp., Aspergillus niger, Phanerochaete sp., Ganoderma sp. e Lentinus sp. para a produção de enzimas celulolíticas, usando resíduo de cacho de fruto vazio de palma como substrato em Fermentação submersa com sólidos suspensos. Com o fungo Phanerochaete sp obteve-se maior produção de celulases, porém, este fungo é conhecido por ser um bom produtor de enzimas ligninolíticas. A máxima produção de celulases foi alcançada no 4? dia de fermentação a 28 ?C, pH 5.7, com o fungo Phanerochaete sp., atingindo valores de atividade de FPase de 364 IU/L (aumento de 296 % em relação à atividade após a escolha da fonte de nitrogênio) e CMCase de 2864 IU/L (aumento de 180 % em relação à atividade após a escolha da fonte de nitrogênio), utilizando o resíduo sólido de palma (cacho de fruto vazio) como fonte de carbono. A granulometria do resíduo sólido de palma utilizado foi entre 0,35 mm e 0,85 mm e concentração de 15 g/L, ureia como fonte de nitrogênio (2 g/L), KH2PO4 (4 g/L), celulose microcristalina avicel como indutor (2 g/L) e utilizando a fermentação submersa com sólidos suspensos. Com esse trabalho pode-se verificar a produção do complexo celulolítico Phanerochaete sp. (PH-HD), abrindo espaço para novos estudos utilizando este fungo, para o qual não há muitos relatos na literatura, na produção do complexo celulolítico. Palavras-chave: palma, celulase, Phanerochaete, fermentação submersa
Abstract: Cellulolytic complex are enzymes that are composed of three cellulases: endoglucanases, exoglucanases and ?-glucosidades. Industrially, the most used fungi for the production of cellulases, are Trichoderma reesei and Aspergillus niger, using submerged fermentation, and there are just a few industries that use residues to the enzyme production. Cellulases are applicable in the food, textile, pulp and paper industries, biofuel, among other applications. This work, a subproject of the Project Biopal (Vale S.A) had, like objective, the screening of microorganisms, optimization of the production, product concentration and scaleup of the process, to production of cellulases using palm residue as substrate. In this work the strains Trichoderma sp., Aspergillus niger, Phanerochaete sp., Ganoderma sp. and Lentinus sp. were tested for cellulases complexes production under SFFs. Phanerochaete sp. (PH-HD) presented higher capacity of cellulases production, although this fungi is known to be a producer of lignolytic enzymes. The higher production of cellulases was achieved in the 4th day of fermentation, at 28 ?C, pH 5.7, with the fungi Phanerochaete sp., reaching values of FPase activity of 364 IU L-1 (an increase of 296 % related to the activity after the choice of the nitrogen source) and CMCase of 2864 IU L-1 (an increase of 180 % related to the activity after the choice of the nitrogen source), using palm residue (empty fruit bunch) as carbon source. The granulometry of the palm residue used was betweenm0,35 mm e 0,85 mm and 15 g/L of concentration,under SFFs using palm residue as carbon source, urea as nitrogen source (2 g/L), KH2PO4 (4 g/L), microcrystalline cellulose avicel as inducer (2 g/L) . With this work the cellulolytic complex production was verified with Phanerochaete sp., opening new studies using this fungi, which is not a lot related in the literature. Key words: palma, cellulase, Phanerochaete, Submerged fermentation.
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Nyathi, Thulani. "Calculations of Radiobiological Treatment Outcome in Rhabdomyosarcoma." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/2271.
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Thulani Nyathi, Student no: 0413256X, MSc thesis, Physics, Faculty of science. 2006. Supervisor: Prof D van der Merwe.This study aims to calculate tumour control probabilities (TCP) and normal tissue complication probabilities (NTCP) using radiobiological models and correlate these probabilities with clinically observed treatment outcome from follow-up records. These radiobiological calculations were applied retrospectively to thirty-nine paediatric patients who were treated with radiation at Johannesburg Hospital during the period January 1990 to December 2000 and had histologically proven rhabdomyosarcoma. Computer software, BIOPLAN, was used to calculate the TCP and NTCP arising from the dose distribution calculated by the treatment planning system and characterized by dosevolume histograms (DVHs). There was a weak correlation between the calculated TCP and the observed 5-year overall survival status. Furthermore, potential prognostic factors for survival were examined. Statistical analysis was performed using the Cox proportional hazards regression model. The 5-year overall survival rate was 55 %. The findings of this study are a yardstick against which more aggressive radiotherapy fractionation regimes can be compared.
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Kamarád, Luděk. "Možnosti využití zbytkového skládkového bioplynu uzavřené skládky." Master's thesis, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-92797.
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Krejčová, Lucie. "Analýza bioplynových transformací." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-178529.
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This thesis entitled "The biogass transformations analysis" is looking into the problematics of unconventional substrates usage in biogas plants, specifically of sugar beet pulps usage. We made two tests of anaerobic substrate conversion into methane in the two types of digesters, at the temperature of 41°C. The test No. 1 (a) lasted 26 days at organic loading rate of 6 kg ODM/m3 and the test No. 2 (b) lasted for 14 days at organic loading rate of 4,25 kg ODM/m3. Specific biogas productions were 0,8152 (a) and 0,626 (b) m3/kg OS, specific methane productions were 0,4422 (a) and 0,326 (b) m3/kg OS. The average methane content was 58,1 (a) and 56,3 (b) %. The final organic matter to methane conversion efficiency reached 92,8 (a) and 63,8 (b) %. ________________________ (a) Digesters volume of 120 dm3 (b) Digesters volume of 3 dm3
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Karlíková, Sabina. "Bioplyn a jeho postavení v rozvoji regionů." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-250820.
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Karlíková Sabina. Biogas and its status in regional development. Diploma thesis. Brno: Mendel university, 2014 The thesis focuses on analyzing the biogas status in regional development. It primarily provides information about sustainable development, renewable energy, biomass, but attention is mainly devoted to biogas. The practical part presents the situation in Germany, Sweden and Denmark in terms of production and biogas usage, as well as the legislative framework. The result is a comparison of these three states, which, together with the analysis of the concrete situation in the Czech Republic, is the basis for the creation of a model of good practice for Czech Republic.
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Švidrnoch, Richard. "Analýza výroby bioplynu." Master's thesis, 2006. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-88881.
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Paroulková, Petra. "Úprava kvality bioplynu." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-427738.
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This diploma thesis follows to the bachelor thesis Utilization of Algae in Biogas Trans-formations, which was rather a research type and dealt with the removal of carbon diox-ide by photosynthesis of algae from biogas. The aim of this thesis is to examine the issue of undesirable substances in biogas, mainly hydrogen sulfide, and to verify the possibil-ity of using Chlorella pyrenoidosa Chick (IPPAS C2) for the biogas treatment. This ver-ification is based on scientific studies and hypotheses. This culture was grown in the proposed laboratory system in BG11 medium and in BG11 medium with reduced SO4-2 sulfate salts for eight days and nine days. Based on the results of the culture parameters, sulphate formation in the nutrient medium has been proven to be dependent on pH and oxygen. During the measurement, the decrease of hydrogen sulfide concentration was recorded after application of the given culture apparatus. The loss of hydrogen sulfide occurred due to absorption into the nutrient medium. The hypothesis of the ability of algae to consume the resulting sulfate from the medium for their own use has not been confirmed.
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Karásková, Jana. "Analýza a využití skládkového bioplynu." Master's thesis, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-95965.
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RYCHTEROVÁ, Jana. "Využitelnost travinných porostů pro výrobu bioplynu." Master's thesis, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-51369.
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The MSc. Thesis is part of project No. 2B06131 of the National Research Programme of the Czech Republic. The aim of the work was to assess selected herbaceous stands in repsct to their use for biogas production. A working hypothesis was set as follows: The biogas production per unit organic matter does not differ between biomass coming from different types of grasslands/biotopes. The results support the hypothesis. The sites studied were located in altitudes from 400 to 800 m a.s.l., water availavility ranged from mesexerophytic to hydrophytic conditions and nutrient availability ranged from mesooligotrophic to eutrophic conditions. According to plant species composition, the stands corresponded to stand types Alopecuretum pratense, Phalaridetum, Poetum pratense, Arrhenatheretum elatioris, Festucetum pratense and the ruderal stand type. In spite of these differences, biogass production estimated according to ZIFO was very similar for all stands, i.e. in a range of 518 {--} 546 NL biogas per kg organic substances in dry matter and had almost identical methan content. The results indicate that, in assessment of suitability of herbaceous stands for biogass production, biomass production is of greater importance than plant species composition.
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Dundálková, Petra. "Výroba bioplynu a jeho využití v dopravě." Master's thesis, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-92799.
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Hemala, Josef. "Možnosti využití pivovarského mláta k výrobě bioplynu." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-150680.
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Vogeltanz, Jakub. "Možnosti využití vybraných materiálů pro výrobu bioplynu." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-250396.
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This work deals with the anaerobic treatment of grape marcs. In this work we tested two varieties of wine. Veltlínské zelené and Zweigletrebe. Tests were carried out in the Republic reference laboratory at Mendel University in Brno under mesophilic anaerobic conditions for 24 days in 0.003 m3 reactors and for 26 day in 0.120 m3 reactors. Biogas production and methane content were monitored daily during the test. The measurement results of testing variety Veltlínské zelené were: Substance loads ratio 0.496 kg.kg-1 - specific production of biogas 0.415 m3.kg-1, specific production of methane 0.246 m3.kg-1 and average concentration of methane in biogas was 59.3%. Substance loads ratio 0.099 kg.kg-1 - specific production of biogas 0.656 m3.kg-1, specific production of methane 0.262 m3.kg-1 and average concentration of methane in biogas was 39.8 %. The measurement results of testing variety Zweigeltrebe were: Substance loads ratio 0.496 kg.kg-1 - specific production of biogas 0.378 m3.kg-1, specific production of methane 0.234 m3.kg-1 and average concentration of methane in biogas was 61.9 %. Substance loads ratio 0.095 kg.kg-1 - specific production of biogas 0.544 m3.kg-1, specific production of methane 0.262 m3.kg-1 and average concentration of methane in biogas was 48.9 %.
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Havelka, Kamil. "Testování zbytkové produkce bioplynu z fermentačních zbytků." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-362681.
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This diploma thesis is focused on testing residual biogas production from fermentation residues. This thesis is divided into two parts - theoretical and practical. Theoretical part is divided into few chapters. At first I will explain basic consepts such as principle of the generation of biogas, the formation of biogas fermentation residue by dividing the output of biogas plants, waste fermination residue etc. The practical part is based on theoretical knowledge. Practical part contains actual testing of residual biogas production from fermentation residues and results of this testing.