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1
Idris, Maizlinda Izwana, Mohammed Firdaus Adzhari, Siti Natrah Abdul Bakil, Tee Chuan Lee, Mohamad Ali Selimin, and Hasan Zuhudi Abdullah. "Surface Properties of Alginate/Chitosan Biofilm for Wound Healing Application." Materials Science Forum 1010 (September 2020): 602–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1010.602.
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This work focuses on the fabrication of film based on natural biopolymers for wound healing application. Alginate and chitosan were choosen because of their oustanding properties such as biocompatible, hydrophilic and non-toxic. Earlier, the biopolymer film was fabricated by using alginate 1% wt and chitosan 1% wt. solutions at volume ratios of 99:1 and 97:3. Next, the biopolymer film solution was cross-linked with 1M CaCl2.2H2O for two hours and later dried for 24 hours at room temperature. Then, the surface properties of the prepared biopolymer films were characterised via Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and contact angle measurement. It was observed that the surface of the biopolymer film became rougher as the volume of the chitosan increases. This condition was confirmed with average surface roughness, RA for biopolymer film with ratio of 97:3 resulted in higher values. Also it was found that the surface of biopolymer films were hydrophilic after the contact angle was less than 90°. This can be concluded that the biopolymer based on alginate/chitosan is a promising candidate for wound healing materials particularly with good surface properties for faster healing process at the wound areas.
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Oyekanmi, Adeleke A., N. I. Saharudin, Che Mohamad Hazwan, Abdul Khalil H. P. S., Niyi G. Olaiya, Che K. Abdullah, Tata Alfatah, Deepu A. Gopakumar, and Daniel Pasquini. "Improved Hydrophobicity of Macroalgae Biopolymer Film Incorporated with Kenaf Derived CNF Using Silane Coupling Agent." Molecules 26, no. 8 (April 13, 2021): 2254. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26082254.
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Hydrophilic behaviour of carrageenan macroalgae biopolymer, due to hydroxyl groups, has limited its applications, especially for packaging. In this study, macroalgae were reinforced with cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) isolated from kenaf bast fibres. The macroalgae CNF film was after that treated with silane for hydrophobicity enhancement. The wettability and functional properties of unmodified macroalgae CNF films were compared with silane-modified macroalgae CNF films. Characterisation of the unmodified and modified biopolymers films was investigated. The atomic force microscope (AFM), SEM morphology, tensile properties, water contact angle, and thermal behaviour of the biofilms showed that the incorporation of Kenaf bast CNF remarkably increased the strength, moisture resistance, and thermal stability of the macroalgae biopolymer films. Moreover, the films’ modification using a silane coupling agent further enhanced the strength and thermal stability of the films apart from improved water-resistance of the biopolymer films compared to unmodified films. The morphology and AFM showed good interfacial interaction of the components of the biopolymer films. The modified biopolymer films exhibited significantly improved hydrophobic properties compared to the unmodified films due to the enhanced dispersion resulting from the silane treatment. The improved biopolymer films can potentially be utilised as packaging materials.
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Mistretta, Maria Chiara, Luigi Botta, Rossella Arrigo, Francesco Leto, Giulio Malucelli, and Francesco Paolo La Mantia. "Bionanocomposite Blown Films: Insights on the Rheological and Mechanical Behavior." Polymers 13, no. 7 (April 5, 2021): 1167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13071167.
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In this work, bionanocomposites based on two different types of biopolymers belonging to the MaterBi® family and containing two kinds of modified nanoclays were compounded in a twin-screw extruder and then subjected to a film blowing process, aiming at obtaining sustainable films potentially suitable for packaging applications. The preliminary characterization of the extruded bionanocomposites allowed establishing some correlations between the obtained morphology and the material rheological and mechanical behavior. More specifically, the morphological analysis showed that, regardless of the type of biopolymeric matrix, a homogeneous nanofiller dispersion was achieved; furthermore, the established biopolymer/nanofiller interactions caused a restrain of the dynamics of the biopolymer chains, thus inducing a significant modification of the material rheological response, which involves the appearance of an apparent yield stress and the amplification of the elastic feature of the viscoelastic behavior. Besides, the rheological characterization under non-isothermal elongational flow revealed a marginal effect of the embedded nanofillers on the biopolymers behavior, thus indicating their suitability for film blowing processing. Additionally, the processing behavior of the bionanocomposites was evaluated and compared to that of similar systems based on a low-density polyethylene matrix: this way, it was possible to identify the most suitable materials for film blowing operations. Finally, the assessment of the mechanical properties of the produced blown films documented the potential exploitation of the selected materials for packaging applications, also at an industrial level.
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Hamzah, Amir. "The Characteristics and The Making of Biopolymer Film from Oil Palm Trunk Starch (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Using Sorbitol Plasticizer." Journal of Chemical Natural Resources 1, no. 2 (August 28, 2019): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/jcnar.v1i2.1249.
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The research about of the biopolymers film from oil palm trunk starch had been done. Biopolymers film made by mixing of oil palm trunk starch (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) and plasticizer sorbitol with the variation was 2:0,8 ; 2:1,0 ;2:1,2 (g/mL), then the film was molded on acrylic plate and dried in an oven at 40°C for 24 hours. The results of the film characterization show that the best variation of biopolymers on comparison 2:0,8 (g/mL) with the value of tensile strength was 4,26 MPa, percentage of elongation was 1,87 %, and film thickness was 0,16 mm, then it can be used as reference for addition 2 gram chitosan on the establishment of biopolymer film. It was characterized by tensile strength test with value was 14,00 MPa, pencentage of elongation with value was 3,20 %, and film thickness with value was 0,10 mm. The results of Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) showed increasing of the endothermic temperature was 115,75 oC and exothermic temperature was 394,56 oC. The results of Thermal Gravimetry Analysis (TGA) showed that at a temperature of 340,1 0C the film to start decomposed. The value of % Swelling was 63,176%. The Fourier Transform Infra Red (FT-IR) result showed that in biopolymers film occurs physical interaction only. As well as, the antibacterial activity analysis showed that addition of chitosan on biopolymer film made Staphylococcus Aureus and Escherichia Coli bacterial was great inhibited with index antibacterial value of 0,625 respectively. From SEM analysis showed that film had been added by chitosan more homogenous than film without chitosan addition. The presence of chitosan addition tend to increase the physical and mechanical properties of biopolymer film.
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Morales-Jiménez, Mónica, Luisa Gouveia, Jorge Yáñez-Fernández, Roberto Castro-Muñoz, and Blanca Estela Barragán-Huerta. "Production, Preparation and Characterization of Microalgae-Based Biopolymer as a Potential Bioactive Film." Coatings 10, no. 2 (January 31, 2020): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10020120.
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Six microalgae strains were screened according to their biomass productivity and polymer synthesis, showing biomass productivity between 0.14 and 0.68 g/(L·d) for a 21-day growth period. Extracellular biopolymers from the spent culture media of Nostoc sp. (No), Synechocystis sp. (Sy), and Porphyridium purpureum (Pp) was obtained, and the yields of the clean biopolymer were 323, 204, and 83 mg/L, respectively. The crude biopolymer was cleaned up using a solid-phase extraction technique. The emulsification index E24 values for the clean biopolymer were 77.5%, 68.8%, and 73.3% at 0.323, 0.083, and 0.204 mg/mL, respectively. The clean biopolymer of the No strain showed the highest fungal growth inhibition against Fusarium verticillioides (70.2%) and Fusarium sp. (61.4%) at 2.24 mg/mL. In general, transparent and flexible biofilms were prepared using biopolymers of No and Pp. The microstructural analysis revealed the presence of pores and cracks in the biofilms, and the average roughness Ra values are 68.6 and 86.4 nm for No and Pp, respectively, and the root mean square roughness Rq values are 86.2 and 107.2 nm for No and Pp, respectively.
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Lisitsyn, Andrey, Anastasia Semenova, Viktoria Nasonova, Ekaterina Polishchuk, Natalia Revutskaya, Ivan Kozyrev, and Elena Kotenkova. "Approaches in Animal Proteins and Natural Polysaccharides Application for Food Packaging: Edible Film Production and Quality Estimation." Polymers 13, no. 10 (May 15, 2021): 1592. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13101592.
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Natural biopolymers are an interesting resource for edible films production, as they are environmentally friendly packaging materials. The possibilities of the application of main animal proteins and natural polysaccharides are considered in the review, including the sources, structure, and limitations of usage. The main ways for overcoming the limitations caused by the physico-chemical properties of biopolymers are also discussed, including composites approaches, plasticizers, and the addition of crosslinking agents. Approaches for the production of biopolymer-based films and coatings are classified according to wet and dried processes and considered depending on biopolymer types. The methods for mechanical, physico-chemical, hydration, and uniformity estimation of edible films are reviewed.
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Shi, Jiayuan, and Bin Shi. "Environment-Friendly Design of Lithium Batteries Starting from Biopolymer-Based Electrolyte." Nano 16, no. 05 (April 7, 2021): 2130006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292021300061.
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The nondegradable nature and toxicity of organic liquid electrolytes reveal the design deficiency of lithium batteries in environmental protection. Biopolymers can be extracted from biomass under mild conditions, thus they are usually low cost and renewable. The unique characteristics of biopolymers such as water solubility, film-forming capability and adhesive property are of importance for lithium battery. The studies on the biopolymer materials for lithium batteries have been reviewed in this work. Although a lot of work on the biopolymer-based battery materials has been reported, it is still a challenge in the design of lithium battery with zero pollution and zero waste.
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Fen, Yap Wing, Wan Mahmood Mat Yunus, Zainal Abdib Talib, and Nor Azah Yusof. "Biopolymer-Based Thin Film for Sensor Application." Advanced Materials Research 1107 (June 2015): 631–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1107.631.
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Chitosan is one of the most available biopolymers in nature, which is non-toxic, biocompatible and biodegradable. The crosslinked chitosan solution was synthesized by homogeneous reaction of medium molecular weight chitosan in aqueous acetic acid with glutaraldehyde as crosslinking agent. Then the solution was deposited on glass cover slip by spin coater to form a thin film. The functional group and chemical binding of crosslinked chitosan thin film has been confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The chemical interaction between copper ion and the crosslinked chitosan thin film has also been analyzed by XPS. XPS revealed that copper ion adsorbed to the crosslinked chitosan thin film and the functional groups involved in the adsorption mechanisms of copper ion on the thin film were determined. This biopolymer thin film can be incorporated with surface plasmon resonance technique to produce a high potential optical sensor for detection of Cu (II) ion in solution.
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Mohan, TP, Kay Devchand, and K. Kanny. "Barrier and biodegradable properties of corn starch-derived biopolymer film filled with nanoclay fillers." Journal of Plastic Film & Sheeting 33, no. 3 (December 18, 2016): 309–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/8756087916682553.
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The objective of this work is to study the effect of nanoclay fillers on the biodegradation and barrier properties of corn starch polymer-based biofilm. Starch derived from corn plant source was used to prepare a biofilm by plasticization method. The barrier properties, namely, water absorption, moisture permeation, oxygen permeation and swelling of unfilled and nanoclay-filled corn starch biofilms were examined. The results indicate: ∼22% reduced water absorption, 40% reduced moisture uptake, 30% reduced oxygen permeation and 31% reduced swelling for 2–3 wt.% nanoclay-filled biofilm, when compared with unfilled biopolymer. The biodegradation result of unfilled and nanoclay-filled film series indicates that the nanoclay addition delays the biodegradation and is a function of nanoclay content in the film. The tensile, dynamic mechanical analysis and biodegradable studies were conducted on the biopolymers before and after water absorption, and the result shows that the nanoclay-filled biopolymer increased these properties when compared with unfilled biopolymer even after water absorption and is dependent on the nanocomposite structure and morphology as examined by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy analysis.
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Rizal, Samsul, Tze Kiat Lai, Umar Muksin, N. G. Olaiya, C. K. Abdullah, Ikramullah, Esam Bashir Yahya, E. W. N. Chong, and H. P. S. Abdul Khalil. "Properties of Macroalgae Biopolymer Films Reinforcement with Polysaccharide Microfibre." Polymers 12, no. 11 (October 30, 2020): 2554. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12112554.
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Developing robust and biodegradable biopolymer films based on macroalgae is a challenging task because of its inadequate mechanical strength and poor moisture barrier attribute to its hydrophilic nature. A promising and sustainable approach to overcome this challenge is to reinforce the biopolymer film with polysaccharide microfibre (microcrystalline cellulose) derived from Gigantochloa levis bamboo (GL-MCC). Eucheuma cottonii macroalgae were used for the development of biopolymer films without further extraction and purification, which was considered economical and easy. The mechanical, water contact angle (WCA), water absorption capacity (WSC), and thermal behaviour of macroalgae-based biopolymer films revealed that the inclusions of GL-MCC significantly enhanced the durability, moisture barrier, and thermal stability of the biopolymer films. The enhancement is ascribed to the interaction between macroalgae and GL-MCC due to high compatibility. Moreover, the incorporation of GL-MCC successfully increased the rigidity of the macroalgae-based biopolymer films against microorganism and moisture attack, but remain biodegradable and environmental-friendly. The developed biodegradable macroalgae/GL-MCC biopolymer films can potentially be used as packaging materials.
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Sultan, Noor Fatimah Kader, and Wan Lutfi Wan Johari. "The development of banana peel/corn starch bioplastic film: a preliminary study." Bioremediation Science and Technology Research 5, no. 1 (July 31, 2017): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.54987/bstr.v5i1.352.
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The aim of this study is to develop bioplastic film from a combination of two biopolymers of same source, namely banana peel and corn starch. Five banana peel films (BP film) were prepared with different concentrations of corn starch (1% up to 5%) as co-biopolymer and film without corn starch acted as a control. The films were carried out with several durability tests and characterization analyses. Based on the results obtained, the BP film with 4% corn starch gave the highest tensile strength 34.72 N/m2 compared to other samples. The water absorption test showed that BP films with 3% corn starch were resistant to water uptake by absorbing water up to 60.65%. In terms of characterization, spectra of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) obtained for BP control film and BP film with 4% corn starch were comparable with most of the peaks were present. The thermal analysis by differential screening calorimetric (DSC) detected the melting temperature for both BP control film and BP film with 4% corn respectively at Tonset of 54.41°C and 67.83°C. Overall, combination of starches from two different sources can be used as an alternative in producing bioplastics.
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Erna, Kana Husna, Wen Xia Ling Felicia, Joseph Merillyn Vonnie, Kobun Rovina, Koh Wee Yin, and Md Nasir Nur’Aqilah. "Synthesis and Physicochemical Characterization of Polymer Film-Based Anthocyanin and Starch." Biosensors 12, no. 4 (April 1, 2022): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12040211.
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Colorimetric indicators, used in food intelligent packaging, have enormous promise for monitoring and detecting food quality by analyzing and interpreting the quality data of packaged food. Hence, our study developed and characterized a biopolymer film based on starch and anthocyanin for prospective meat freshness monitoring applications. The developed film was morphologically characterized using different morphology instruments to identify the interaction between anthocyanin and starch. The color differences of the proposed film in response to different pH buffers have also been investigated. The combination of anthocyanin and starch produces a smooth and homogenous surface with an intermolecular hydrogen bond that increases the biopolymer’s wavelength. The film indicated bright red at pH 2.0–6.0, bluish-grey at pH 7.0–11.0, and yellowish-green above 11.0 that the naked eye can see. The indicator film shows high sensitivity toward pH changes. The inclusion of anthocyanin increases the biopolymer film’s thickness and crystalline condition with low humidity, water solubility, and swelling values. As a result, the polymer film can be employed in the food industry as an affordable and environmentally friendly indication of meat freshness.
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Rosenblatt, Joel, Ruth A. Reitzel, George M. Viola, Nylev Vargas-Cruz, Jesse Selber, and Issam Raad. "Sodium Mercaptoethane Sulfonate Reduces Collagenolytic Degradation and Synergistically Enhances Antimicrobial Durability in an Antibiotic-Loaded Biopolymer Film for Prevention of Surgical-Site Infections." BioMed Research International 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3149536.
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Implant-associated surgical-site infections can have significant clinical consequences. Previously we reported a method for prophylactically disinfecting implant surfaces in surgical pockets, where an antibiotic solution containing minocycline (M) and rifampin (R) was applied as a solid film in a crosslinked biopolymer matrix that partially liquefied in situ to provide extended prophylaxis. Here we studied the effect of adding sodium 2-mercaptoethane sulfonate (MeSNA) on durability of prophylaxis in anin vitromodel of implant-associated surgical-site infection. Adding MeSNA to the M/R biopolymer, antimicrobial film extended the duration for which biofilm formation by multidrug-resistantPseudomonas aeruginosa(MDR-PA) was prevented on silicone surfaces in the model. M/R films with and without MeSNA were effective in preventing colonization by methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus. Independent experiments revealed that MeSNA directly inhibited proteolytic digestion of the biopolymer film and synergistically enhanced antimicrobial potency of M/R against MDR-PA. Incubation of the MeSNA containing films with L929 fibroblasts revealed no impairment of cellular metabolic activity or viability.
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Mesgari, Mohammad, Amir Hossein Aalami, Thozhukat Sathyapalan, and Amirhossein Sahebkar. "A Comprehensive Review of the Development of Carbohydrate Macromolecules and Copper Oxide Nanocomposite Films in Food Nanopackaging." Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications 2022 (March 5, 2022): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7557825.
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Background. Food nanopackaging helps maintain food quality against physical, chemical, and storage instability factors. Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) can improve biopolymers’ mechanical features and barrier properties. This will lead to antimicrobial and antioxidant activities in food packaging to extend the shelf life. Scope and Approach. Edible coatings based on carbohydrate biopolymers have improved the quality of packaging. Several studies have addressed the role of carbohydrate biopolymers and incorporated nanoparticles to enhance food packets’ quality as active nanopackaging. Combined with nanoparticles, these biopolymers create film coatings with an excellent barrier property against transmissions of gases such as O2 and CO2. Key Findings and Conclusions. This review describes the CuO-biopolymer composites, including chitosan, agar, cellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, cellulose nanowhiskers, carrageenan, alginate, starch, and polylactic acid, as food packaging films. Here, we reviewed different fabrication techniques of CuO biocomposites and the impact of CuONPs on the physical, mechanical, barrier, thermal stability, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties of carbohydrate-based films.
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Korotkiy, Igor, Elena Korotkaya, Aleksandr Rasshchepkin, and Gulnar Sahabutdinova. "Frozen Meat-Containing Semi-Finished Minced Products: Biopolymer Packaging Materials." Food Processing: Techniques and Technology 51, no. 1 (March 25, 2021): 6–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2074-9414-2021-1-6-16.
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Introduction. Meat-containing semi-finished minced products demonstrate a wide variety of properties, as they contain both plant and meat components. This heterogeneity makes it difficult to plan the freezing process. In view of the current environmental situation, packaging films used for cold storage should be biodegradable. The effect of low-temperature freezing and storage on biodegradable polymers remains understudied. The research objective was to find the optimal modes for minced-meat semi-finished products frozen in a biopolymer package.
Study objects and methods. The study featured zrazy, or meat balls, with vegetable filling and a biopolymer film based on corn starch. It involved a laboratory combination freezing and storage cabinet and an XLW(M) tension tester to establish the physical properties of the film.
Results and discussion. The meat-containing semi-finished minced products were vacuum-packaged in biopolymer material and subjected to convection, contact, and combined freezing. The experiments resulted in a new combined method of freezing for biopolymer-packaged semi-finished meat-containing products. The research also tested the strength properties of the CornBag biopolymer film during freezing and cold storage. The paper introduces a graphoanalytic method of calculation of freezing time.
Conclusion. The new combined freezing method involved vacuum packaging, air-blast subfreezing, and further freezing on a refrigerated plate. The biopolymer film proved suitable for freezing and cold storage of food products. It keeps the product from drying, reduces vitamin losses, and preserves sensory properties. The optimal storage mode was –18°C, the maximum storage time – 6 months. The improved freezing technology combined freezing method with convective air-blasting and contact freezing on a refrigerated plate for products pre-packaging in a biopolymer vacuum bag. The optimal freezing parameters: temperature = –40°С, time = 85 min, rate = 1.33 cm/h.
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Rani, Mohd Saiful Asmal, N. S. Mohamed, and Mohd Ikmar Nizam Isa. "Characterization of Proton Conducting Carboxymethyl Cellulose/Chitosan Dual-Blend Based Biopolymer Electrolytes." Materials Science Forum 846 (March 2016): 539–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.846.539.
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This article presents the discovery on biopolymer electrolytes comprising of ammonium nitrate, NH4NO3 with dual-blend biopolymer materials, carboxymethyl cellulose/chitosan which were prepared via solution-casting technique. The biopolymer blend based electrolyte films were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy to investigate the formation of the dual-blend biopolymer based complexes. X-Ray Diffraction result showed that all dual-blend samples were predominantly amorphous. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was conducted to obtain their ionic conductivities. The highest conductivity at ambient temperature of 1.03 × 10–5 S cm–1 was obtained for the electrolyte film containing 40 wt% of NH4NO3. These results indicated that the dual-blend biopolymer based electrolyte has potential for application of electrochemical devices.
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Rodrigues, Leonardo Sobreira, Adenilson Oliveira dos Santos, Fernando Mendes, and Ana Angélica Mathias Macêdo. "Growth of complex crystal on biopolymer surface: Synthesis and characterization." Polymers and Polymer Composites 30 (January 2022): 096739112210898. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09673911221089817.
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Although the physical properties of polymers already have been modified by changing different synthetic parameters, the effect of the crystallization by the doping is still rarely explored. In this work, a facile synthesis of composite chitosan film with copper L-valinate crystal (CHLVCu) was investigate. Composite films were prepared by the addition of copper II L‐valine crystals (LVCu) in concentrations of 0.05, and 0.1 in 0.2% chitosan solution. The composite film of LVCu crystal dispersed in CH solution has been successfully obtained by the technique of solvent slow evaporation at low temperature. CHLVCu composite films are crystalline stabilizing the trans-LVCu phase. Homogeneity and low thermal stability have been proven by thermal measurements. The crystal growth takes place in the polymer surface. In addition, it is noteworthy that to the best of our knowledge, crystals complex of the LVCu has not been used as incorporate chitosan film and study has reported changes in physical properties composite film. The future this film can be application in area biomedical and technological.
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Rodrigues, Leonardo Sobreira, Adenilson Oliveira dos Santos, Fernando Mendes, and Ana Angélica Mathias Macêdo. "Growth of complex crystal on biopolymer surface: Synthesis and characterization." Polymers and Polymer Composites 30 (January 2022): 096739112210898. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09673911221089817.
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Although the physical properties of polymers already have been modified by changing different synthetic parameters, the effect of the crystallization by the doping is still rarely explored. In this work, a facile synthesis of composite chitosan film with copper L-valinate crystal (CHLVCu) was investigate. Composite films were prepared by the addition of copper II L‐valine crystals (LVCu) in concentrations of 0.05, and 0.1 in 0.2% chitosan solution. The composite film of LVCu crystal dispersed in CH solution has been successfully obtained by the technique of solvent slow evaporation at low temperature. CHLVCu composite films are crystalline stabilizing the trans-LVCu phase. Homogeneity and low thermal stability have been proven by thermal measurements. The crystal growth takes place in the polymer surface. In addition, it is noteworthy that to the best of our knowledge, crystals complex of the LVCu has not been used as incorporate chitosan film and study has reported changes in physical properties composite film. The future this film can be application in area biomedical and technological.
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Phuangto, Samanya, Onyupha Chandee, Tipaporn Subsomboon, and Wanida Wattanakaroon. "Post-Harvest Shelf Life Extension of Mango Using Chitosan and Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Based Coatings." Key Engineering Materials 824 (October 2019): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.824.81.
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Biopolymer-based coatings or films can be used as an alternative to the replacement of conventional packaging, to preserve fresh fruit quality and extend their shelf life. This study aimed to prepare and characterize biopolymeric coating films based on chitosan and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). Film coating of biopolymers was further applied on mango fruits, and the efficacy of coating materials in post-harvest shelf life and maintaining quality parameters of mango were then determined. The coating method of the films over mango was prepared using a dipping technique. Fruit weight loss, colors and content of total soluble solids were evaluated to assess fruit quality during 14 days at 25 °C of storage. Results indicated that films formulated with CMC showed significantly higher water solubility and water vapor transmission rate. Notably, coating improved the quality of mango during storage. Between the coating types, CMC was found to be significantly more effective in maintaining fruit fresh weight during the storage period. The fruit treated with CMC lowered the change in color and had higher soluble solids content than that of chitosan coating on the fourteenth day of storage. These results demonstrate that CMC-based coating could be utilized for the extension of the fruit commercialization period.
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Chia, Min-Rui, Ishak Ahmad, and Sook-Wai Phang. "Starch/Polyaniline Biopolymer Film as Potential Intelligent Food Packaging with Colourimetric Ammonia Sensor." Polymers 14, no. 6 (March 11, 2022): 1122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14061122.
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The use of petroleum-based plastics in food packaging leads to various environmental impacts, while spoilage of food and misinterpretation of food-date labelling account for food insecurity; therefore, a biopolymer capable of indicating food edibility is prepared to resolve these issues. In this research, starch/polyaniline (starch/PANI) biopolymer film was synthesised and investigated as an ammonia sensor for potential application as intelligent food packaging. FT-IR and XRD were used to confirm the composition of the biopolymer films, while UV-Vis spectrometry was applied to identify the oxidation state of PANI in emeraldine form. PANI was successfully incorporated into the starch matrix, leading to better thermal stability (TGA) but decreasing the crystallinity of the matrix (DSC). The performance of the polymer-film sensor was determined through ammonia-vapour sensitivity analysis. An obvious colour change from green to blue of starch/PANI films was observed upon exposure to the ammonia vapour. Starch/PANI 0.4% is the optimum composition, having the best sensor performance with good linearity (R2 = 0.9459) and precision (RSD = 8.72%), and exhibiting excellent LOD (245 ppm). Furthermore, the starch/PANI films are only selective to ammonia. Therefore, the starch/PANI films can be potentially applied as colourimetric ammonia sensors for intelligent food packaging.
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Giyatmi, Giyatmi, Tika Annisa Eka Poetri, Hari Eko Irianto, Dina Fransiska, and Agusman Agusman. "Effect of Alginate and Polyethylene Glycol Addition on Physical and Mechanical Characteristics of k-Carrageenan-based Edible Film." Squalen Bulletin of Marine and Fisheries Postharvest and Biotechnology 15, no. 1 (May 31, 2020): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/squalen.v15i1.418.
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Waste disposal problems have attracted scientists around the world to explore the use of renewable resources to produce biodegradable films and coatings. Indonesia has diverse renewable resources of biopolymers that originated from seaweeds such as carrageenan, agar, and alginate. Carrageenan is considered as a potential biopolymer for edible film manufacture due to its characteristic range. This study aimed to develop carrageenan-based edible film using alginate and polyethylene glycol as plasticizers. Edible film made from k-carrageenan with the addition of alginate and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as plasticizers was tested for its mechanical properties, water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) and water solubility. Blending k-carrageenan with alginate (0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1.0% w/v) increased tensile strength, thickness, and water solubility, but reduced elongation at break, WVTR, and moisture content. The addition of PEG (1%, 2%, and 3% w/v) reduced tensile strength and water solubility, but increased elongation at break, thickness, and moisture content. This study recommended that the best carrageenan-based edible film was obtained from a formula using 1% alginate (w/v) and 1% PEG (w/v).
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Goyal, Sahil, Marius Dotter, Elise Diestelhorst, Jan Lukas Storck, Andrea Ehrmann, and Boris Mahltig. "Extraction of keratin from wool and its use as biopolymer in film formation and in electrospinning for composite material processing." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 17 (January 2022): 155892502210904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15589250221090499.
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Keratin is one of the most important protein materials and can act as a sustainable biopolymer for manifold applications. This paper reports on a sustainable extraction method for keratin from wool fiber materials. The use of this extracted keratin for polymer film preparation and preparation of nano-composite materials by electrospinning is investigated. The preparation of keratin films is done in combination with the both biopolymers alginate and pectin. Keratin nanofibers are prepared in combination with the polymer polyacrylonitrile PAN. A view on antibacterial properties of the prepared films is given. As further analytic methods, Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are used. Finally, the preparation of new keratin containing materials is described, which may be used in future for biomedical applications.
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Roy, Swarup, and Jong-Whan Rhim. "Fabrication of Copper Sulfide Nanoparticles and Limonene Incorporated Pullulan/Carrageenan-Based Film with Improved Mechanical and Antibacterial Properties." Polymers 12, no. 11 (November 12, 2020): 2665. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12112665.
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Edible biopolymer (pullulan/carrageenan) based functional composite films were fabricated by the addition of copper sulfide nanoparticles (CuSNP) and D-limonene (DL). The DL and CuSNP were compatible with the pullulan/carrageenan biopolymer matrix. The addition of CuSNP significantly increased the UV-blocking properties without substantially reducing the transparency of the film. The addition of CuSNP improved the film’s tensile strength by 10%; however, the DL addition did not significantly influence the strength, while the combined addition of CuSNP and DL increased the strength by 15%. The addition of the fillers did not significantly affect the thermal stability of the film, but the water vapor barrier property was slightly improved. There was no significant change in the moisture content and hydrophobicity of the composite film. Besides, the composite film showed some antimicrobial activity against food-borne pathogenic bacteria. The fabricated pullulan/carrageenan-based film with antimicrobial and UV-barrier properties is likely to be used in active food packaging applications.
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Prudnikova, Svetlana V. "Microbiological Degradation of Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate) Films in Different Edaphoclimatic Zones of Siberia." Journal of Siberian Federal University. Biology 14, no. 4 (December 2021): 533–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17516/1997-1389-0370.
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The urgency of handling plastic waste is escalating every year and the problem can be only solved using an integrated approach. Replacing non-degradable materials synthesised from fossil fuels with carbon-neutral biopolymers can reduce non-biodegradable waste, CO2 emissions and energy use. However, even completely biodegradable biopolymer materials will stay in the environment for a long time since the rate of their biodegradation depends on many factors. The paper evaluates the influence of edaphoclimatic and microbiological factors on the biodegradation rate of biopolymer films from the poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB)] when exposed to soddy-carbonate, cryogenic, and agrogenically transformed Siberian soils. A principal component analysis showed that in different soils, characterised by specific temperature, moisture content, pH values, biogenicity and abundance of microorganisms, the kinetics of mass loss of P(3HB)-films were primarily determined by the temperature- precipitation ratio and it increased as the content of humus in soil increased. The maximum rates of film mass loss of 0.63 ± 0.09 and 0.93 ± 0.01 mg ∙ day-1 were detected in agrogenic soils. No correlation between mass loss of the films and the total number of microorganisms was found. A phylogenetic analysis revealed differences in the composition of primary P(3HB)-degrading microorganisms in different soil types
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Kuchaiyaphum, Pusita, Takeshi Yamauchi, Ruangsri Watanesk, and Surasak Watanesk. "Hydrophobicity Enhancement of the Polyvinyl Alcohol/Rice Starch/Silk Fibroin Films by Glycerol." Applied Mechanics and Materials 446-447 (November 2013): 360–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.446-447.360.
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Eco-friendly films have been prepared using various biopolymers and their properties have been improved in order to meet the requirements for appropriate applications. However, the frequently encountered weakness of the properties of most biopolymer film is its water solubility. In this study, the polyvinyl alcohol/rice starch/silk fibroin (PVA/RS/SF) films were modified by the addition of glycerol aiming to increase the hydrophobicity of the films. Some properties of the modified films including water contact angle, degree of swelling and water solubility were compared with the unmodified PVA/RS/SF film. Results from the contact angle measurement showed that the films with glycerol could be transformed to be hydrophobic after soaking in ethanol medium. The increase in soaking time tends to increase the hydrophobicity of the films. However, at about 60 min soaking, the water contact angles on the films were quite constant with the values of about 107.9±5.2º comparing with 65.3±2.4º of the ethanol-untreated PVA/RS/SF films. In addition, the ethanol-treated glycerol-modified films also show higher degree of swelling with constant solubility and better mechanical properties.
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Hoque, Monjurul, Ciara McDonagh, Brijesh K. Tiwari, Joseph P. Kerry, and Shivani Pathania. "Effect of Cold Plasma Treatment on the Packaging Properties of Biopolymer-Based Films: A Review." Applied Sciences 12, no. 3 (January 27, 2022): 1346. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12031346.
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Biopolymers, like polysaccharides and proteins, are sustainable and green materials with excellent film-forming potential. Bio-based films have gained a lot of attention and are believed to be an alternative to plastics in next-generation food packaging. Compared to conventional plastics, biopolymers inherently have certain limitations like hydrophilicity, poor thermo-mechanical, and barrier properties. Therefore, the modification of biopolymers or their films provide an opportunity to develop packaging materials with desired characteristics. Among different modification approaches, the application of cold plasma has been a very efficient technology to enhance the functionality and interfacial characteristics of biopolymers. Cold plasma is biocompatible, shows uniformity in treatment, and is suitable for heat-sensitive components. This review provides information on different plasma generating equipment used for the modification of films and critically analyses the impact of cold plasma on packaging properties of films prepared from protein, polysaccharides, and their combinations. Most studies to date have shown that plasma treatment effectively enhances surface characteristics, mechanical, and thermal properties, while its impact on the improvement of barrier properties is limited. Plasma treatment increases surface roughness that enables surface adhesion, ink printability, and reduces the contact angle. Plasma-treated films loaded with antimicrobial compounds demonstrate strong antimicrobial efficacy, mainly due to the increase in their diffusion rate and the non-thermal nature of cold plasma that protects the functionality of bioactive compounds. This review also elaborates on the existing challenges and future needs. Overall, it can be concluded that the application of cold plasma is an effective strategy to modify the inherent limitations of biopolymer-based packaging materials for food packaging applications.
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Lavrič, Gregor, Ana Oberlintner, Inese Filipova, Uroš Novak, Blaž Likozar, and Urška Vrabič-Brodnjak. "Functional Nanocellulose, Alginate and Chitosan Nanocomposites Designed as Active Film Packaging Materials." Polymers 13, no. 15 (July 30, 2021): 2523. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13152523.
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The aim of the study was to characterize and compare films made of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), nano-fibrils (CNF), and bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) in combination with chitosan and alginate in terms of applicability for potential food packaging applications. In total, 25 different formulations were made and evaluated, and seven biopolymer films with the best mechanical performance (tensile strength, strain)—alginate, alginate with 5% CNC, chitosan, chitosan with 3% CNC, BNC with and without glycerol, and CNF with glycerol—were selected and investigated regarding morphology (SEM), density, contact angle, surface energy, water absorption, and oxygen and water barrier properties. Studies revealed that polysaccharide-based films with added CNC are the most suitable for packaging purposes, and better dispersing of nanocellulose in chitosan than in alginate was observed. Results showed an increase in hydrophobicity (increase of contact angle and reduced moisture absorption) of chitosan and alginate films with the addition of CNC, and chitosan with 3% CNC had the highest contact angle, 108 ± 2, and 15% lower moisture absorption compared to pure chitosan. Overall, the ability of nanocellulose additives to preserve the structure and function of chitosan and alginate materials in a humid environment was convincingly demonstrated. Barrier properties were improved by combining the biopolymers, and water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) was reduced by 15–45% and oxygen permeability (OTR) up to 45% by adding nanocellulose compared to single biopolymer formulations. It was concluded that with a good oxygen barrier, a water barrier that is comparable to PLA, and good mechanical properties, biopolymer films would be a good alternative to conventional plastic packaging used for ready-to-eat foods with short storage time.
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Pande, Shilpa A. "Green Synthesis of Biopolymer-Silver Nanocomposites for Gas Sensing." Advances in Science and Technology 99 (October 2016): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.99.54.
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In this research work, a very simple, low cost eco-friendly method is presented for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles to be used in colorimetric optical sensors based on localized SPR (LSPR) measurement for gas ammonia. Silver nitrate salts are reduced using gaur gum which acts as a capping and reducing agent. Commonly used reducing agents such as trisodium citrate or sodium borohydride are replaced by a more environmental friendly natural polysaccharide. Nanocomposite films of ~ 1.5 μm thicknesses were fabricated using Gaur Gum and silver nanoparticles. The uniformity of nanoparticles size was measured by SEM and TEM, while face centred cubic structure of crystalline silver nanoparticles was characterized using the X-ray diffraction technique. The optical properties of the composite film were tested by UV-VIS Spectroscopy. The formation of Gaur Gum/silver nanocomposite films was confirmed using SEM images. Also the resistivity of nanocomposite thin film was measured which could be then used for gas sensing application.
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Son, Won-Ho, M. Siva Pratap Reddy, and Sie-Young Choi. "Hydrogenated amorphous silicon thin film solar cell with buffer layer of DNA-CTMA biopolymer." Modern Physics Letters B 28, no. 13 (May 30, 2014): 1450107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984914501073.
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The characteristics of nip-type a- Si : H thin film solar cells based on DNA-CTMA biopolymer was investigated. The DNA-CTMA was used as the buffer layer in nip-type a- Si : H solar cell. The E opt of the DNA-CTMA biopolymer was measured with UV-VIS spectrometer. The E opt of DNA-CTMA was determined as 3.96 eV by the plot of (Ahν)2 versus hν. All films of amorphous materials were deposited by PECVD method. The solar cell with a simple structure of glass/ITO/n-a- Si : H /i-a- Si : H /p-a- Si : H /DNA-CTMA/ Al was fabricated. The various values of V oc , J sc , FF , and conversion efficiency η were measured under 100 mW/cm2 (AM 1.5) solar simulator irradiation. Consequently, the resulting in solar cell showed an enhancement in conversion efficiency η compared to conventional nip-type a- Si : H solar cell without buffer layer of DNA-CTMA biopolymer.
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Trisithivanij, V., and P. Tasaso. "Preparation and Characterization of Biopolymer Film from Pomelo Pectin and Flour." Advanced Materials Research 506 (April 2012): 130–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.506.130.
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Properties of biopolymer films which were blended from pectin and flour were investigated. Pectin was extracted from pomelo peel by using hydrochloric acid. The extracted pectin was high methoxyl that was characterized by FTIR. Biopolymer film was prepared by blending pectin (3% and 5%) and flour (1% of corn flour, rice flour, and glutinous rice flour) solution at different ratio (4:1 and 3:2). SEM analysis, tensile strength (TS), elongation, and thickness were studied. Tensile test was affected by the amount of pectin and type of flour. At the same concentration of pectin and the ratio of pectin and flour, tensile strength of the film form glutinous rice flour blending was higher than rice and corn flour. The stress of film from glutinous rice flour, rice flour, and corn flour at 3% pectin at ratio of pectin and flour 3:2 was 68.65, 58.25, 46.31 MPa, respectively. In addition, the tensile stress was increased when the amount of glutinous rice flour was increased. The film thickness was 0.1±0.02 mm. Considered the properties of these polymer compared with synthetic polymer, these are interesting alternative for packaging material production.
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Sionkowska, Alina, Katarzyna Lewandowska, A. Planecka, P. Szarszewska, K. Krasinska, B. Kaczmarek, and J. Kozlowska. "Biopolymer Blends as Potential Biomaterials and Cosmetic Materials." Key Engineering Materials 583 (September 2013): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.583.95.
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Blends of two polymer, namely chitosan with silk fibroin or partially hydrolysed polyacrylamide (HPAM) were prepared. The surface properties of chitosan/silk fibroin and chitosan/HPAM blended films were investigated using the technique of Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and by means of contact angle measurements allowing the calculation of surface free energy. Measurements of the contact angle for diiodomethane (D), and glycerol (G) on the surface of chitosan films and chitosan/silk fibroin films were made and surface free energy was calculated. It was found that chitosan/silk fibroin blend surface is enriched in high surface energy component i.e. silk fibroin. The surface roughness of chitosan, silk fibroin, HPAM, chitosan/silk fibroin and chitosan/HPAM blended films differs with the composition of the blend. Film-forming polymeric blends can be potentially used as biomaterials and cosmetic materials.
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Bulut, Sandra, Senka Popovic, Nevena Hromis, Danijela Suput, Dusan Adamovic, and Vera Lazic. "Incorporation of essential oils into pumpkin oil cake-based materials in order to improve their properties and reduce water sensitivity." Chemical Industry, no. 00 (2020): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind2000026b.
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Biopolymer-based materials present good alternatives for synthetic materials. However, their high water sensitivity may limit their usage for food products packaging. Addition of hydrophobic components into the material formulation could improve this property. In this work 3, 4 and 5 % (v/v) of Satureja montana or Ocimum basilicum essential oil was incorporated into biopolymer films based on pumpkin oil cake. The obtained materials were analyzed regarding mechanical, physicochemical, barrier and structural properties. Incorporation of the essential oils increased the thickness of the pumpkin oil cake film. Significant reductions in moisture sensitivity, related to physicochemical properties and water vapor transmission rate (almost for 30 %), were observed (p < 0.05). Improvement of light barrier properties was also observed so that the visible light transmission was decreased for around 50 % while the UV light transmission was lower than 1 %. The obtained FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of added essential oils in pumpkin oil cake films, as well as their influence on the reduction in the film surface hydrophilicity. However, mechanical properties, tensile strength and elongation at break, decreased significantly (p < 0.05). These results suggest that incorporation of Satureja montana or Ocimum basilicum essential oil improved barrier properties of pumpkin oil cake-based films and reduced the film affinity toward water.
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Bulut, Sandra, Senka Popovic, Nevena Hromis, Danijela Suput, Dusan Adamovic, and Vera Lazic. "Incorporation of essential oils into pumpkin oil cake-based materials in order to improve their properties and reduce water sensitivity." Chemical Industry 74, no. 5 (2020): 313–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind200622026b.
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Biopolymer-based materials present good alternatives for synthetic materials. However, their high water sensitivity may limit their usage for food products packaging. Addition of hydrophobic components into the material formulation could improve this property. In this work 3, 4 and 5 % (v/v) of Satureja montana or Ocimum basilicum essential oil was incorporated into biopolymer films based on pumpkin oil cake. The obtained materials were analyzed regarding mechanical, physicochemical, barrier and structural properties. Incorporation of the essential oils increased the thickness of the pumpkin oil cake film. Significant reductions in moisture sensitivity, related to physicochemical properties and water vapor transmission rate (almost for 30 %), were observed (p < 0.05). Improvement of light barrier properties was also observed so that the visible light transmission was decreased for around 50 % while the UV light transmission was lower than 1 %. The obtained FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of added essential oils in pumpkin oil cake films, as well as their influence on the reduction in the film surface hydrophilicity. However, mechanical properties, tensile strength and elongation at break, decreased significantly (p < 0.05). These results suggest that incorporation of Satureja montana or Ocimum basilicum essential oil improved barrier properties of pumpkin oil cake-based films and reduced the film affinity toward water.
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Khan, Muhammad Rehan, Stefania Volpe, Marika Valentino, Nicoletta Antonella Miele, Silvana Cavella, and Elena Torrieri. "Active Casein Coatings and Films for Perishable Foods: Structural Properties and Shelf-Life Extension." Coatings 11, no. 8 (July 28, 2021): 899. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11080899.
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There is an urgent need to increase the food supplies to fulfil the demands of future generations as the population of the world is expected to grow beyond 10 billion by 2050. An essential component for ensuring global food security is to reduce food losses during the post-harvest stage. Active edible coatings and films are a promising sustainable preservation technology for shelf-life extension of food products by hindering decay kinetics of minimally processed fruits and vegetables (F&V), by restricting the mass transfer of moisture, aroma, or gases and carrying an active compound, such as an antioxidant or antimicrobial. Active protein-based coatings and films have the potential to extend the shelf-life of food products by decreasing their respiration rates, as they exhibit an excellent gas barrier and good mechanical properties as compared to other biopolymeric packaging. Among protein-based biopolymers, casein and its derivatives as packaging films have been extensively studied due to their low cost, complete biodegradability, and availability. Currently, there is no review study focusing on caseinate-based active coating and film, thus, this review aims to give insights on the composition, rheology, structure, and properties of caseinate-based formulations by critically discussing the results presented in the literature. A methodological approach was followed to obtain relevant literature to discuss the influence of additives on the shelf-life of F&V. Furthermore, changes in secondary structure of casein were observed after incorporation of bioactive compounds (i.e., phenolic acids). Likewise, there is a need to explore chemical interactions among bioactive compounds and biopolymer material by using in silico and laboratory trials as food additives have shown to influence the physicochemical properties of film and shelf-life of food products.
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Nesic, Aleksandra, Sladjana Meseldzija, Gustavo Cabrera-Barjas, and Antonije Onjia. "Novel Biocomposite Films Based on High Methoxyl Pectin Reinforced with Zeolite Y for Food Packaging Applications." Foods 11, no. 3 (January 26, 2022): 360. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11030360.
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Pectin is a natural biopolymer with broad applications in the food industry and it is suitable to prepare edible films to prolong food shelf-life. However, the main limitation of pectin-based films is their poor mechanical and barrier properties. Zeolite Y is a hydrophobic clay that can be used as film reinforcement material to improve its physicochemical and mechanical properties. In this work, the influence of high methoxyl citrus and apple pectin on physicochemical properties of biopolymer films modified with zeolite Y (0.05–0.2 wt%) was investigated. The films were characterized by FTIR, TGA, WAXD, mechanical analysis, and water vapor permeability analysis, and a potential film application is presented. The WAXD and FTIR analysis demonstrated that the strongest interaction between pectin chains and zeolite Y occurred when citrus high methylated pectin was used. Adding 0.2 wt% of zeolite Y into citrus high methylated pectin matrix enhanced the tensile strength by 66%, thermal stability by 13%, and water vapor barrier by 54%. In addition, fruit shelf-life test was performed, where strawberries were sealed in film. It was shown that sealed strawberries maintained a better color and healthy appearance than the control treatment after 7 days at 10 °C. This study enabled the development of biocomposite films with improved properties for potential application in food packaging.
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Gupta, Himanshu, Harish Kumar, Mohit Kumar, Avneesh Kumar Gehlaut, Ankur Gaur, Sadhana Sachan, and Jin-Won Park. "Synthesis of biodegradable films obtained from rice husk and sugarcane bagasse to be used as food packaging material." Environmental Engineering Research 25, no. 4 (July 23, 2019): 506–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/eer.2019.191.
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The current study stresses on the reuse of waste lignocellulose biomass (rice husk and sugarcane bagasse) for the synthesis of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and further conversion of this CMC into a biodegradable film. Addition of commercial starch was done to form biodegradable film due to its capacity to form a continuous matrix. Plasticizers such as Glycerol and citric acid were used to provide flexibility and strength to the film. Biopolymer film obtained from sugarcane bagasse CMC showed maximum tensile strength and elongation in comparison to the film synthesized from commercial CMC and CMC obtained from rice husk. It has been observed that an increase in sodium glycolate/NaCl content in CMC imposed an adverse effect on tensile strength. Opacity, moisture content, and solubility of the film increased with a rise in the degree of substitution of CMC. Therefore, CMC obtained from sugarcane bagasse was better candidate in preparing biopolymer/biocomposite film.
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Park, Young Shin, and Chang Whan Joo. "Impact of Nanoparticles on Structure and Functional Properties of PBTG Biofilms." Advanced Materials Research 1119 (July 2015): 80–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1119.80.
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Biopolymer composites are required to enhance their mechanical properties and heat resistance for the industrial applications. Especially, the addition of nanoparticles in biopolymers can give various functionalities such as electrical, thermal and mechanical properties. In this study, the nanoparticles having functional characteristics were used to enhance heat resistance, tensile properties, and electrical conductivity of PBTG biofilms. Changes in tensile, crystalline and thermal properties of PBTG films with different additives (carbon black, sepiolite, zinc oxide, MWCNT) were investigated by the tensile tester and the instrument of XRD, DSC and TGA. As the results, Electrical conductivity of the biofilms was improved up to 10-5S/cm by adding MWCNT. And tensile modulus of PBTG biofilms with MWCNT was 1.37 times higher than the pure PBTG film. But their heat-resistance characteristics were not significantly affected by adding nanoparticles.
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Sáenz-Santos, Christian Mariel, Omotayo Opemipo Oyedara, Yunia Verónica García-Tejeda, Claudia A. Romero-Bastida, Esperanza Milagros García-Oropesa, Eduardo Villalobo, and Mario A. Rodríguez-Pérez. "Active Biopolymeric Films Inoculated with Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus, a Predatory Bacterium." Coatings 11, no. 5 (May 20, 2021): 605. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11050605.
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The objective of the present work was to evaluate novel active films made with biopolymeric matrices as carriers of a living Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus HD100 strain, a predatory bacterium with antimicrobial potentials against pathogens. Biopolymer films were prepared by a casting method using the following mixtures: collagen/sodium alginate/sorbitol (CA-S), collagen/sodium alginate/glycerol (CA-G), and tapioca starch/sodium alginate/glycerol (StA-G). The effects of the film formulations on the viability of the B. bacteriovorus was investigated by using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). SEM showed that Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus morphology was not altered in the polymeric films. FTIR spectroscopy provided information about the structural composition of the films. CA-S showed less reduction in the viability of B. bacteriovorus after its entrapment; thus, CA-S proved to be a better agent for the immobilization and preservation of B. bacteriovorus to enhance its predatory activities during application against Escherichia coli.
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Tharasawatpipat, Chaisri, Jittiporn Kruenate, Kowit Suwannahong, and Torpong Kreetachat. "Modification of Titanium Dioxide Embedded in the Bio-Composite Film for Photocatalytic Oxidation of Chlorinated Volatile Organic Compound." Advanced Materials Research 894 (February 2014): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.894.37.
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This research aimed to apply the Blown Film Extrusion technique to synthesize the titanium dioxide (TiO2) bio-composite films incorporated on a thin film as a photocatalyst. The biopolymer materials have great recognition via their renewable and biodegradable characteristic and the green composite has been a new challenge path to replace traditional polymer composite. In this work, TiO2/Polybutylene succinate (PBS) bio-composite film was developed to be used as a supporter for determining the photocatalytic oxidation activity of the TiO2 on the chlorinated volatile organic compounds degradation. PBS is a synthetic biopolymer which has a reasonable mechanical strength. The modified-TiO2/PBS bio-composite films were studied to evaluate the degradation of dichloromethane. In order to improve the distribution of the developed photocatalyst, the TiO2 powders were modified by 0.05% mole of ethyl triethoxysilane (ETES) and stearic acid (SA), respectively. The 10% wt. TiO2/PBS bio-composite films with thickness of 30 μm were prepared by blown film technique. To evaluate the dispersion efficacy, the modified-TiO2/PBS bio-composite films were characterized by Scanning Electron microscopy (SEM). Photocatalytic degradation of dichloromethane in gas phase was determined using an annular closed system photoreactor. The obtained result which was corresponding to the absorption of TiO2/PBS bio composites film was investigated in a range of 300-400 nm via UV/VIS spectrophotometry. The energy band gap of TiO2, ethyl triethoxysilane-TiO2 and stearic acid-TiO2 bio-composite film was found to be 3.18, 3.21, and 3.26 eV, respectively. The SEM shows that the modified-TiO2 with both ETES and SA exhibit uniform dispersion, while the only TiO2 shows an evidence of agglomeration in the PBS matrix. For photocatalyst efficiency, the photocatalytic activity of modified-TiO2/PBS bio-composite film increased comparing to the TiO2/PBS bio-composite film. Moreover, the photocatalytic degradation of dichloromethane by ETES-TiO2/PBS bio-composite film yielded degradation efficiency of 47.0%, whereas SA-TiO2/PBS bio-composite film yielded the removal efficiency of 41.0% for detention time at 350 min.
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Infurna, Giulia, Giuseppe Cavallaro, Giuseppe Lazzara, Stefana Milioto, and Nadka Tzankova Dintcheva. "Understanding the Effects of Crosslinking and Reinforcement Agents on the Performance and Durability of Biopolymer Films for Cultural Heritage Protection." Molecules 26, no. 11 (June 7, 2021): 3468. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26113468.
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In the last two decades, the naturally occurring polysaccharides, such as chitosan and pectin, have gained great attention having potential applications in different sectors, from biomedical to new generation packaging. Currently, the chitosan and pectic have been proposed as suitable materials also for the formulation of films and coatings for cultural heritage protection, as well as packaging films. Therefore, the formulation of biopolymer films, considering only naturally occurring polymers and additives, is a current challenging trend. This work reports on the formulation of chitosan (CS), pectin (PC), and chitosan:pectin (CS:PC) films, also containing natural crosslinking and reinforcement agents, such as citric acid (CA) and halloysite nanotubes (HNT), through the solvent casting technique. The produced films are characterized through water contact angle measurements, infrared and UV–visible spectroscopy and tensile test, while the durability of the CS:PC films is evaluated subjecting the film to accelerated UVB exposure and monitoring the photo-oxidation degradation in time though infrared spectroscopy. All obtained results suggest that both crosslinking and reinforcement agents have beneficial effects on the wettability, rigidity, and photo-oxidation resistance of biopolymer films. Therefore, these biopolymer films, also containing naturally occurring additives, have good properties and performance and they are suitable as coverage films for cultural heritage protection.
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Yusof, Noor L., Noor-Azira Abdul Mutalib, U. K. Nazatul, A. H. Nadrah, Nurain Aziman, Hassan Fouad, Mohammad Jawaid, Asgar Ali, Lau Kia Kian, and Mohini Sain. "Efficacy of Biopolymer/Starch Based Antimicrobial Packaging for Chicken Breast Fillets." Foods 10, no. 10 (October 8, 2021): 2379. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10102379.
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Food contamination leading to the spoilage and growth of undesirable bacteria, which can occur at any stage along the food chain, is a significant problem in the food industry. In the present work, biopolymer polybutylene succinate (PBS) and polybutylene succinate/tapioca starch (PBS/TPS) films incorporating Biomaster-silver (BM) and SANAFOR® (SAN) were prepared and tested as food packaging to improve the lifespan of fresh chicken breast fillets when kept in a chiller for seven days. The incorporation of BM and SAN into both films demonstrated antimicrobial activity and could prolong the storability of chicken breast fillets until day 7. However, PBS + SAN 2%, PBS/TPS + SAN 1%, and PBS/TPS + SAN 2% films showed the lowest microbial log growth. In quality assessment, incorporation of BM and SAN into both film types enhanced the quality of the chicken breast fillets. However, PBS + SAN 1% film showed the most notable enhancement of chicken breast fillet quality, as it minimized color variation, slowed pH increment, decreased weight loss, and decelerated the hardening process of the chicken breast fillets. Therefore, we suggest that the PBS + SAN and PBS/TPS + SAN films produced in this work have potential use as antimicrobial packaging in the future.
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Kreetachat, Torpong, Jittiporn Kruenate, and Kowit Suwannahong. "Preparation of TiO2/Bio-Composite Film by Sol-Gel Method in VOCs Photocatalytic Degradation Process." Applied Mechanics and Materials 390 (August 2013): 552–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.390.552.
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Biodegradable of polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate (PBAT) and polybutylene succinate (PBS), which were biodegradable aliphatic polyesters, composite films were contained with titanium dioxide (TiO2) as a photocatalyst to evaluate the photocatalytic activity of bidegradable composite films for toluene removal. The synthesized TiO2 was prepared by sol-gel method between titanium isopropoxide with acetic acid. To form the anatase structure, it was calcined at 500°C. TiO2 were added to PLA/PBAT/PBS as a biopolymer blend at 0, 5 and 10 wt% .The TiO2/Bio-composite films were fabricated via blown film technique to produce 40 μm films. Photocatalytic activity efficiency of TiO2/Bio-composite films was performed in an annular closed system under UV light. Since the amount of TiO2 affected the efficiency of the photocatalytic activity, this work was mainly concentrated on the effort to embed the high amount of TiO2 in the biopolymer matrix. The developed photocatalyst was characterized by XRD, UV-Vis spectrophotometer and SEM. The SEM images revealed the high homogeneity of the deposition of TiO2 on the biopolymer matrix. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) ensures the deposition of TiO2 as crystalline anatase phase. In addition, the photocatalytic results shown that the toluene removal efficiencies increased with an increasing TiO2 dosages at 0 wt%, 5 wt%, and 10 wt% , respectively. As aspects, the photocatalytic degradation results showed the highest tolune photocatalytic degradation efficiency of 52.0% at 10 wt% TiO2 .
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Hazrol, M. D., S. M. Sapuan, E. S. Zainudin, M. Y. M. Zuhri, and N. I. Abdul Wahab. "Corn Starch (Zea mays) Biopolymer Plastic Reaction in Combination with Sorbitol and Glycerol." Polymers 13, no. 2 (January 12, 2021): 242. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13020242.
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The research included corn starch (CS) films using sorbitol (S), glycerol (G), and their combination (SG) as plasticizers at 30, 45, and 60 wt %, with a traditional solution casting technique. The introduction of plasticizer to CS film-forming solutions led to solving the fragility and brittleness of CS films. The increased concentration of plasticizers contributed to an improvement in film thickness, weight, and humidity. Conversely, plasticized films reduced their density and water absorption, with increasing plasticizer concentrations. The increase in the amount of the plasticizer from 30 to 60% showed a lower impact on the moisture content and water absorption of S-plasticized films. The S30-plasticized films also showed outstanding mechanical properties with 13.62 MPa and 495.97 MPa, for tensile stress and tensile modulus, respectively. Glycerol and-sorbitol/glycerol plasticizer (G and SG) films showed higher moisture content and water absorption relative to S-plasticized films. This study has shown that the amount and type of plasticizers significantly affect the appearances, physical, morphological, and mechanical properties of the corn starch biopolymer plastic.
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Johni, Rexliene, and Sridharh Jayavel. "Extraction and characterization of essential oil from Portieria hornemannii with applications in antibacterial edible films." Research Journal of Biotechnology 16, no. 8 (July 25, 2021): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/168rjbt8121.
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Seaweeds play crucial roles in maintaining marine ecosystems and can be utilized as a raw material for cosmetic and therapeutic applications. A red seaweed Portieria hornemannii exhibits pleasant smell and habituating along with the coral reefs was collected from the Gulf of Mannar, Tamil Nadu. Association between the above red seaweed and coral reefs is not studied in detail. We have extracted essential oil from P. hornemannii and characterized it using GC-MS and SEM techniques. The extracted essential oil was studied for antimicrobial and anti-dandruff properties. Subsequently, an antibacterial film was created with carrageenan biopolymer blended with the extracted seaweed essential oil. Bio-physical, mechanical and anti-microbial properties of the essential oil-coated Carrageenan biopolymer were explored. Scanning Electron Microscopic investigation of after-effects has confirmed the consolidation of essential oil with carrageenan biopolymer. Further, increases in the concentration of essential oil have also improved the elasticity of the film. All these examinations confirmed the elasticity and antimicrobial nature of the biodegradable composite film which can be used in food packaging and therapeutic industries.
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Kwaśniewska, Anita, Dariusz Chocyk, Grzegorz Gładyszewski, Jarosław Borc, Michał Świetlicki, and Bożena Gładyszewska. "The Influence of Kaolin Clay on the Mechanical Properties and Structure of Thermoplastic Starch Films." Polymers 12, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12010073.
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The aim of study was to investigate the influence of kaolin on the physical properties and utility of film produced from native starch. The work involved measurements of strength, structure, and thermal properties. The films were prepared by the casting method. Composite films with 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% kaolin additives were examined. Measurements of mechanical properties were carried out using the uniaxial tensile test, the nanoindentation test, and nanoscratching. Surface properties were examined by atomic force microscopy and contact angle measurements. Structure was determined by the X-ray diffraction method, and thermal properties were determined by differential scanning calorimetry. A significant influence of kaolin on the strength parameters and thermal and barrier properties of composite films was found. An increase in kaolin content reduced the tensile strength, Young’s modulus, and Poisson’s ratio. Structural analysis showed a partial intercalation and the layered arrangement of kaolin particles. Kaolin additives increased the barrier properties of water vapor in composite films of about 9%. Biopolymer modification by nanoclay reduced the thermal stability of composite films by 7% and could accelerate the biodegradation process. Increasing the concentration of kaolin in the biopolymer matrix led to heightened surface roughness (approximately 64%) and wettability of the surfaces of the film composites of 58%.
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Vieira, Tiago M., Margarida Moldão-Martins, and Vítor D. Alves. "Design of Chitosan and Alginate Emulsion-Based Formulations for the Production of Monolayer Crosslinked Edible Films and Coatings." Foods 10, no. 7 (July 17, 2021): 1654. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10071654.
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This study aimed to develop edible monolayer emulsion-based barriers with polysaccharides as film-forming components (chitosan and sodium alginate), soy lecithin as a surfactant and olive oil as a hydrophobic barrier. Monolayer barriers in the form of films were prepared by casting filmogenic emulsions composed of 2% w/v chitosan (dissolved in lactic acid 1% v/v) or 1% w/v sodium alginate, with different lipid contents (25, 50 and 100% w/w biopolymer basis) and different surfactant concentrations (5, 10 and 25% w/w, lipid basis). Glycerol was used as a plasticizer (25 % w/w, biopolymer basis). After the emulsion drying process, the obtained stand-alone films were sprayed with a crosslinking solution, achieving an optimized crosslinker content of 3.2 mgCa2+/cm2 alginate film and 4 mg tripolyphosphate/cm2 chitosan film. The effect of oil and lecithin contents, as well the presence of crosslinking agents, on the film’s water vapour permeability (WVP), water vapour sorption capacity, mechanical properties and colour parameters, was evaluated. The results have shown that the lowest WVP values were obtained with formulations containing 25% lipid and 25% surfactant for chitosan films, and 100% lipid and 25% surfactant for alginate films. The application of the crosslinking agents decreased even further the WVP, especially for chitosan films (by 30%). Crosslinking also increased films’ resistance to deformation under tensile tests. Overall, the films developed present a good potential as polysaccharide-based barriers with increased resistance to water, which envisages the use of the designed formulations to produce either edible/biodegradable films or edible coatings.
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Uthaya Kumar, U. Seeta, S. N. Abdulmadjid, N. G. Olaiya, A. A. Amirul, S. Rizal, A. A. Rahman, Tata Alfatah, E. M. Mistar, and H. P. S. Abdul Khalil. "Extracted Compounds from Neem Leaves as Antimicrobial Agent on the Physico-Chemical Properties of Seaweed-Based Biopolymer Films." Polymers 12, no. 5 (May 14, 2020): 1119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12051119.
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Neem leaves extract was incorporated into the matrix of seaweed biopolymer, and the seaweed-neem biocomposite films were irradiated with various doses of gamma irradiation (0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, and 4.5 kGy). The physical, barrier, antimicrobial, and mechanical properties of the films were studied. The incorporation of 5% w/w neem leaves extract into a seaweed-based film, and gamma irradiation dose of 2.5 kGy was most effective for improved properties of the film. The results showed that the interfacial interaction of the seaweed-neem improved with physical changes in colour and opacity. The water solubility, moisture content, and water vapour permeability and biodegradability rate of the film reduced. The contact angle values increased, which was interpreted as improved hydrophobicity. The tensile strength and modulus of the films increased, while the elongation of the composite films decreased compared to the control film. The film’s antimicrobial activities against bacteria were improved. Thus, neem leaves extract in combination with the application of gamma irradiation enhanced the performance properties of the film that has potential as packaging material.
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Chandrasakaran, Devi Shantini, Irwana Nainggolan, Tulus Ikhsan, and Mohd Nazree Derman. "Ammonia Gas Sensor Based on Chitosan Biopolymer." Materials Science Forum 819 (June 2015): 429–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.819.429.
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Ammonia classified as one of the hazardous chemical to environment and human. Therefore, monitoring the ammonia in air is vital. Chitosan film was selected as a sensing material for ammonia detection in this study. Chitosan powder was dissolved in 2% of acetic acid to form chitosan solution gel. It was subsequently deposited on patterned electrode by using electrochemical deposition technique. The response of the chitosan sensor towards ammonia was tested via electrical testing by exposing different ammonia concentration ranging from 20 ppm, 100 ppm, 200 ppm, and 300 ppm using air exposure technique. The response of the chitosan sensor towards ammonia was recorded as output voltage. Sensor properties which include sensitivity, stability, recovery, and repeatability were studied. The electrical result showed that the response of chitosan sensor increases as the ammonia concentration increases. All the sensing properties were achieved. Finally, the structure characterization of the chitosan was studied using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The appearance of N-H and O-H groups in FTIR spectrum of chitosan film provides evidence that the domain functional group exist in chitosan after it was processed into film.
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de Carvalho Eufrásio Pinto, Marina, Demetrius David da Silva, Ana Luiza Amorim Gomes, Victor dos Santos Azevedo Leite, Allan Robledo Fialho e Moraes, Roberto Ferreira de Novais, Jairo Tronto, and Frederico Garcia Pinto. "Film based on magnesium impregnated biochar/cellulose acetate for phosphorus adsorption from aqueous solution." RSC Advances 9, no. 10 (2019): 5620–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra06655h.
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Farazin, Ashkan, Mehdi Mohammadimehr, Amir Hossein Ghasemi, and Hossein Naeimi. "Design, preparation, and characterization of CS/PVA/SA hydrogels modified with mesoporous Ag2O/SiO2 and curcumin nanoparticles for green, biocompatible, and antibacterial biopolymer film." RSC Advances 11, no. 52 (2021): 32775–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ra05153a.
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