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Academic literature on the topic 'Biopolymères fonctionnalisés'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Biopolymères fonctionnalisés"
Tardieu, Michèle. "Étude de biopolymères fonctionnalisés dans la modulation de l'activité biologique des facteurs de croissance FGFs." Paris 12, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA120046.
Full textSaulnier, Benjamin. "Propriétés et potentiel thérapeutique de copolymères dégradables fonctionnalisés à base d'Acides L-lactique, glycolique et D-gluconique." Montpellier 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON13522.
Full textSalvador, Jérémy. "Microparticules de biopolymères fonctionnalisées comme support injectable de cellules souches mésenchymateuses pour la régénération du cartilage." Thesis, Université de Montpellier (2022-….), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UMONT018.
Full textArticular cartilage pathologies are a major public health problem today. To date, there is no treatment that can repair the cartilage. However, among the therapeutic approaches currently being evaluated, tissue engineering, the objective of which is the formation of neo-tissues, seems to be a promising therapeutic solution.The final objective of this thesis project concerns the development of an injectable genetically activated matrix (MGA), making it possible to control the hypertrophic chondrocyte differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). To carry out this project, the first objective was to find a nucleic acid vector suitable for the development of an MGA and capable of efficiently transfecting MSCs. We therefore designed a new siRNA nanovector, called solvent exchange lipoplexe formulation (SELF), which has a tunable size, is stable over time in cell culture conditions and possess a high efficiency to transfect primary human mesenchymal stromal cells. We associated SELF with porous collagen 3D microspheres and demonstrated that loading efficiency and release kinetics are correlated with SELF size. This original and unique type of gene activated matrix, with adaptable release kinetics, could be of interest for long-term and/or sequential transfection profiles of stem cells in 3D culture. Thus, we formed different MGAs capable of inducing different inhibition profiles of a specific gene over at least 21 days. Finally, we studied the efficiency of MGA on an in vitro model of chondrocyte differentiation of human MSCs. We have shown that MGA induces a prolonged inhibition of Runx2 gene expression for at least 21 days. Under chondrocyte differentiation conditions, this decrease in Runx2 expression seems to decrease the expression of certain markers of hypertrophy. Despite these promising results, an inhibitory effect of MGA on MSC differentiation remains to be verified. In summary, our work has shown the interest of our approach to control the expression of hypertrophic markers of a neocartilage. More precise control of vector release should improve the efficiency of MGA for cartilage tissue engineering applications
Honoré, Jean-Claude. "Conception et synthèse de nouveaux acétals de cétènes cycliques pour l’obtention de polyesters aliphatiques fonctionnalisés." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0045.
Full textAliphatic polyesters represent one of the most widely used families of polymers in many fields. Their (bio)-degradation properties make them very interesting materials for environmental or biomedical applications. Obtained traditionally by polycondensation, biosynthesis or by Ring-Opening Polymerization (ROP), these processes do not easily allow the realization of materials combining degradability and properties of polymers derived from vinyl monomers. The use of specific monomers, Cyclic Ketene Acetals (CKA), allows by Radical Ring-Opening Polymerization (r-ROP) to obtain aliphatic polyesters with interesting degradation properties.This PhD work consist in the design of biodegradable and functional aliphatic polyesters. For this, we first showed that it is possible to easily obtain these functional aliphatic polyesters by copolymerization of CKA with vinyl ethers (VE) having functions of interest and synthesized beforehand. Then, the use of commercial divinyl ethers has made it possible to obtain crosslinked (bio)-degradable materials having mechanical and biological properties compatible with an application in tissue engineering, and in particular in cardiac therapy
Thongkham, Somprasong. "Synthèse de lactones fonctionnalisées par réaction de thiol-ène et leur application à la préparation de polymères biodégradables de propriétés modulables." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30295.
Full textThe development of new sustainable polymers endowed with improved performances but minimal environmental impact has become a major concern. In this context, aliphatic polyesters are attracting increasing attention in the medical field and packaging applications, due to their biodegradable character and suitable physical properties. Ring-opening polymerization (ROP) is a method that has been used in these areas to access a broad range of polyesters with different and well-controlled structures. One of the well-known lactone monomers for ROP is epsilon-caprolactone (epsilon-CL), a compound derived from petrochemical source. An alternative lactone monomer derived from biomass is epsilon-decalactone (epsilon-DL). Being a 7-membered ring as epsilon-CL, epsilon-DL is thus a renewable monomer that is attracting increasing attention. However, the pendant butyl group at epsilon-position has a large impact on mechanical and thermal properties as well as degradation rates. To modulate these properties, we have been working with the functionalized monomers of close structure to ensure similar behavior in ROP. First, the epsilon-functionalized-epsilon-CL monomers were prepared from 6-heptynoic acid by a sequential transition metal catalyzed cycloisomerization and subsequent thiol-ene reaction. Afterwards, their copolymerization with epsilon-DL has been explored including the identification of controlled/living polymerization using InCl3-based bicomponent catalyst and the confirmation of their random architecture. In addition, the preparation of copolymers featuring pendant carboxyl groups by post-modification steps have also been completely achieved. Finally, the hydrolytic and enzymatic degradation of these functionalized copolymers has been thoroughly investigated, proving the influence of our new functionalized monomer (in deprotected form) on degradation rates of PDL
Potorac, Simona. "Réseaux interpénétrés à base de collagène fonctionnalisé et polymères synthétiques avec des applications biomédicales : résumé de la thèse de doctorat." Rouen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ROUES050.
Full textAden, Moumin. "Adsorption des ions Pb(II) et Ni(II) sur des particules de silices fonctionnalisées déposées sur des biopolymères naturelles pour le traitement des eaux usées." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UBFCD053.
Full textThe main purpose of this PhD work is the preparation of submicronic bio-based materials stemming from the marine biomass (alginates and chitosan (CS)) for the uptake of metallic micropollutants in effluents. In this context, a variety of hybrid adsorbents consisting of an inorganic colloidal silica core and a biopolymer coating has been elaborated and tested. To improve the adhesion of the biopolymer layer, the surface of the SiO2 particles was modified by condensation of functional alkoxysilanes. These surface-modified particles were then encapsulated by CM-CS (SiO2+CM-CS, SiO2CO2H+CM-CS or SiO2NH2+CM-CS). Alternatively, the particles were deposited on alginates extracted from the Djiboutian brown algae (Alg.S/T+SiO2 Alg.S/T+SiO2CO2H or Alg.S/T+ SiO2NH2). Those two types of marine biopolymers have been chosen as adsorbent for heavy metal ions retention since they are inexpensive and environmentally friendly. The characteristics of these composites were determined by the morphology of their surface, by the study of their functional groups, by determination of their specific surfaces, and in aqueous solution, by determination of their hydrodynamic diameters and their zeta potential. We were able to show by means of different techniques (IR, 1H-NMR, 13C, specific surfaces, scanning electron microscopy, elemental analysis and thermogravimetric analysis, zeta potential) that under the chosen operating conditions, it is possible to surface-functionalize on the one hand Aerosil 200 silica with alkoxysilanes bearing carboxylic or amino groups, with grafting rates of 3.3 μmol/m² and 4.45 μmol/m² , respectively. It is also demonstrated that these surface-modified silicas particles can be easily deposited on abiological supports, namely carboxymethyl-chitosan (CM-CS) and alginates). The morphology of the CM-CS-based particles is modified, their hydrodynamic diameters are increased, and their zeta-potentials are positive until basic pH and those from alginate-based particles are positive until pH 4. Then, the retention capacity of these composites vis-a-vis Ni(II) and Pb(II) ions at different pH values is investigated. The adsorption capacities and adsorption kinetics are determined for each of the metal cations. Concerning the adsorption of Ni(II) at pH 7, the material obtained by encapsulation of a surface carboxyl-enriched silica with CM-CS has shown to be more efficient forthe removal of nickel from aqueous solution than the other composites. Its adsorption capacity is estimated at 256 mg.g-1. A detailed study has also highlighted the effect of counter ions on the adsorption capacity for this composite, a characteristic neglected in most other studies on the design of biomass-derived adsorbents used for the fixation of heavy metals. We observed a decrease in the following order: Br- = Cl- > NO3- > AcO- > SO42-. In the case of Pb(II), at pH 5, the best adsorption capacities are obtained for silicas supported by alginates derived from the species Sargassum Sp. The retention capacity of Pb(II) ions is 585 mg/g at pH 5. As far as kinetics are concerned, the pseudo-secondary order surface reaction model applies well to the experimental results. Critical comparisons reveal that these novel biocomposites show superior adsorption capacities towards Ni(II) and Pb(II) ions, exceeding those of most other competing adsorbents known in the literature, including our previous studies on CS-grafted silica particles. Therefore, the design and use of silica composites and biopolymers as low-cost and environmentally friendly bioadsorbents seems very promising for the removal of micropollutants from wastewater and can be extended to other metal ions such as Cd(II), Hg(II), Co(II). An important point for a potential application has also been probed, namely the recycling and recovery of these biocomposites after loading with metal ions