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1
Tepper, Sherri. "A biopsychosocial model of Alzheimer's disease /." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59861.
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Research on the etiological characteristics of Alzheimer's disease has yielded inconsistent results. It is suggested that this may be due to the unidirectional focus on biomedical attributes, and the failure to consider psychosocial factors in combination with the biomedical characteristics. A biopsychosocial model of Alzheimer's disease, which integrates the biomedical dimension with psychosocial stressors and social support is proposed and tested in a sample of 172 geriatric patients using polychotomous logistic regression. Results find support for the implication of stress in the disease process, but fail to find a relationship between social support and Alzheimer's disease. It is concluded that the ultimate value of a biopsychosocial model of Alzheimer's disease rests in its identification of psychosocial factors, that could result in the prevention of the development of the disease.
2
Dienes, Kimberly Ann. "The biopsychosocial model of risk for depression." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1627039411&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Mitchell, Ellen Sullivan. "Women's experience of food cravings : a biopsychosocial model /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7219.
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Backström, Linus. "Establishing a biopsychosocial model for conspiracy theory ideation." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-15841.
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This paper aims to provide the grounds for a biopsychosocial understanding of the underpinnings of conspiracy theorist ideation by studying research articles from different scientific disciplines. Cross-disciplinary concurring results are presented and discussed, as well as some examples of how conspiracy theories have been used during the 20th century. Also discussed is how this is used in political discourse in the populist climate of today, with the rise of radical right-wing movements, the justification of “alternative facts” from higher governmental ranks, and religious fundamentalism, making it a societal issue of possible big magnitude. Neurological similarities was found between religiousness and proneness to conspiracy theory ideation, and the articles concerning neural correlates therefore stem from research on religious individuals due to the lack of neuro-biopsychological research on actual conspiracy theorists. Since conspiracy theory ideation has shown the ability to cause negative consequences it is also advised that governmental agencies and society as a whole revise its stance on populism and the spread of flawed information, in order to maintain an open society. Also presented are a few ideas on how to begin countering the rise of populism.
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Zale, Kathryn E. "Ultrasonography Assessment of Ankle/Foot Pain: A Biopsychosocial Model." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1405621649.
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McAuley, James Henry. "Cultural influences on low back pain : extending the biopsychosocial model." Thesis, Brunel University, 2001. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/5432.
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The present investigation examined the influence of cultural factors on Low Back Pain (LBP). Multiple regression techniques were used to determine the relative importance of clinical, social and psychological factors to LBP disability and cultural influences on these factors were then explored. The findings indicated that compared to clinical and social factors, LBP disability was most strongly associated with psychological factors (adjusted R2 change = 0.38, p<0.00), the most important of which was psychological distress. Clinical (adjusted R2 change = 0.11, p<0.00) or social (adjusted R2 change = 0.02, p=0.09) factors were only moderately or weakly associated with LBP disability. A series of hierarchical regression models examined the mediating role of cognitive Coping Strategies (Catastrophising & Praying and Hoping (Rosenstiel and Keefe (1983)) and Pain Control Beliefs (Control of Pain & Responsibility for management of Pain (Main and Waddell (1991)) on the relationship between LBP disability and distress. In support of the Cognitive Behavioural Mediational Model of chronic pain (Rudy and Turk, 1987), evidence was found to suggest that the relationship between LBP disability and distress was largely dependent upon Coping Strategies and Pain Control Beliefs. The findings also suggested that Pain Control Beliefs were largely dependent upon Coping strategies, although these relationships varied between specific Pain Control Beliefs and Coping Strategies. The study found evidence to suggest that certain self report questionnaires which are commonly used to assess cognitive factors associated with LBP may not have robust cross cultural reliabilities as measured by Cronbach's Alpha (Cronbach 1951) (Praying and Hoping (P&H) subscale of the Coping Strategies Questionnaire (CSQ) Rosensteil and Keefe 1983; Pain Responsibility (PR) subscale of the Pain Locus of Control (PLC) Main and Waddell 1991). The findings indicated that when used in their present form, these self reported questionnaires may provide inconsistent results with South Asian, African-born or Muslim LBP patients. The study provided evidence for the role of Cultural factors (self defined Ethnicity, Country of Birth and reported Religious Affiliation) on the experience of LBP. Although the relationship between cultural factors and LBP was generally weak (R2 change < 0.15), it appeared that South Asian, African-born and Muslim patients experienced LBP significantly worse than other LBP patients. The cultural group differences were strongest for the "passive" coping strategy "Praying and Hoping" (Rosensteil and Keefe 1983) (R2 change = 0.15, p < 0.001). The most apparent cultural differences were for Muslim patients who compared with all other Religious groups consistently reported the worst experience of LBP. Muslim LBP patients were clinically more disabled than either Christian (mean Roland and Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ) difference (Roland and Morris, 1983) = 4.13) or other (mean RMDQ difference = 4.29) LBP patients. The statistical control of clinical variables in the regression models led to the conclusion that these groups of patients had a more "chronic" experience of LBP. Religious affiliation may help to identify LBP patients who present to secondary care with more chronic symptoms of LBP. Standardisation of self report questionnaire in these cultural groups may improve the precision of these findings. The present investigation was primarily descriptive in that reasons for cultural differences were not empirically examined. However the study findings suggest potentially fruitful areas for further investigation particularly that work on the meaning of "Praying" as a coping strategy and on its relationship with LBP disability for non-Christian groups would appear warranted.
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Mitchell, Sara H. "A Biopsychosocial Model of Dietary Restraint in Early Adolescent Boys." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc700049/.
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The current study replicated and extended previous research by examining empirically the direct and indirect influence of social pressure (to lose weight and diet), social body comparisons, internalization of the thin ideal, body dissatisfaction, self-esteem, and cardiorespiratory fitness on self-reported dietary restraint in a diverse sample of middle school boys (n = 663); Mage was 12.49 years (SD = .99). With IRB approval, parental consent, and child assent, during annual FITNESSGRAM testing, participants completed questionnaires that measured the study’s constructs. Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) was determined by the boys’ performance on the PACER running test. The proposed model was examined using structural equation modeling (SEM). Because measures demonstrated univariate and multivariate normality, the maximum likelihood procedure within EQS to examine the measurement and structural models was used. Fit was determined using a two-index procedure. Participants were randomly split into exploratory (Sample A - 331) and confirmatory (Sample B - 332) samples. For Sample A, the measurement and structural models fit the data well. The structural model was confirmed in Sample B, with the same paths being significant and nonsignficant. For both Sample A and Sample B, 35% of the Dietary Restraint variance was explained. These findings support a multifactorial approach to understanding boys’ self-reported dietary restraint, and illuminate the negative influence of sociocultural weight pressures and salutary effects of CRF on early adolescents’ psychosocial well-being and dietary behaviors.
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Premo, Julie Elizabeth. "A Novel Biopsychosocial Model of Maternal Anxiety and Maladaptive Parenting." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1498135045088679.
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Ater, Steven L. "The interactive systemic approach an expansion of the biopsychosocial model /." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2002. http://www.tren.com.
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Glaister, Karen. "A biopsychosocial model of diabetes self-management: mediators and moderators." Thesis, Glaister, Karen (2007) A biopsychosocial model of diabetes self-management: mediators and moderators. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2007. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/4354/.
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Diabetes mellitus (diabetes), an endocrine disorder, is in epidemic proportions globally, threatening the well being of people affected and challenging health care systems. In the main, diabetes warrants adjustments to lifestyle and therapeutic interventions simply to self-manage the condition. Research in self-management of diabetes has targeted socio-cognitive theory and espoused self-efficacy as the main driver of self-management. More recently, self-regulatory theory has focused on illness representations and argued they are the force underpinning goal directed behaviours. Research to-date has tended to adopt one or other of the prevailing theoretical models to the exclusion of key concepts in other explanatory health behaviour models. Studies are lacking in demonstrating a comprehensive exploration of the interrelationships between self-regulatory skills inherent in self-management, illness representations and self-efficacy with other potential health behaviour determinants. In this thesis, it was postulated that an integrated biopsychosocial model of self-management was warranted to account for the complexities of human understanding and interactions within a naturalistic setting.
The purpose of this dissertation was to develop and substantiate a conceptual model of diabetes self-management integrating key concepts from health behaviour theories within a structure of four broad determinants of health behaviour, which were: personal traits, diabetes traits, socio-environmental factors and health contextual factors. Specifically, determinants associated with diabetes self-management behaviours and the predictors for its success for those with type 1 and type 2 diabetes was sought. In order to substantiate the proposed integrated model a cross-sectional design, using quantitative survey methodology, was undertaken. Structural equation modelling allowed interrelationships in the integrated model to be explored simultaneously and advanced model testing thus far in the field. The study involved males (n = 504) and females (n = 519), aged over 18 years (M = 63.90, SD = 13.89) who had a diagnosis of either type 1 or type 2 diabetes and who resided in Western Australia.
Model testing substantiated the integrated biopsychosocial model proposed and was relatively parsimonious, making the application of the findings to a clinical setting possible. Key predictors for both types of diabetes were: self-efficacy, diabetes distress, diabetes traits, self-determination support by health care professionals and to some extent age of the person with diabetes. In addition, locus of control by doctors was important for type 2 diabetes and marital status and socio-economic status for type 1 diabetes. The presence of emotional distress had a negative effect on interrelated factors, emphasising the criticality of its assessment and management by health professionals if self-management is to be achieved. Illness representations had low or minimal predictive power, refuting claims that it is responsible for the initiation of goal directed behaviours.
The integrated model, a first of its kind in the Australian context, contributes to existing knowledge in diabetes self-management through its attention to contextualising the self-regulatory individual within their personal, social and health environment. In particular it makes explicit the distinguishing integrated predictors for type 1 and type 2 diabetes previously unknown in the adult population. Through the understanding of predictors, the health sector is better placed to target predictors in supporting self-management.
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McGill, Brittney C. "The Biopsychosocial Approach to Understanding, Subtyping, and Treating Depression: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey - Replication." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2011. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc68013/.
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The most effective and useful way to diagnose and subtype depression has been a long debated topic which even now does not have a definite answer. The biopsychosocial approach to diagnosis may be a solution to this problem by linking various etiologies to symptom presentation. The biopsychosocial model, in regard to depression, takes into account biological risk factors/contributors, psychological or cognitive risk factors/contributors, and social risk factors/contributors to depression when making diagnosis and subtyping determinations. However, the most effective way to use this model in the assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of depression is not yet clear. In this study, the utility of the biopsychosocial model as an effective approach to conceptualizing and treating depression was assessed by testing hypotheses that showed that etiological contributors are related to the presence and differential presentation of depression, and that these etiologically-based subtypes of depression respond differently to different forms of treatment. These hypotheses were tested using data from the National Comorbidity Survey - Replication (NCS-R). Results showed that the biopsychosocial model can effectively predict the presence, severity and chronicity of depression, and may inform specific biopsychosocially-based subtypes. No conclusions could be drawn regarding success in treatment based on the biopsychosocial model. Future directions for research based on the current study are discussed.
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Ross, Alison B. "Applying the Biopsychosocial Model: Factors Associated with Depression in Mexican-American Adults." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/465.
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Although professionals in psychiatry, psychology and medicine claim to endorse the biopsychosocial model as proposed by George L. Engel (1977), clinicians in all three fields still tend to underutilize it. Some academics have also criticized the model for its inadequate emphasis on cultural contextualization. To improve upon the model, I sought to empirically establish the relationship between culturally-specific social factors and psychological disorder, in this case depressive symptoms in Mexican-American adults. Eighty-six Mexican-American participants living on the US-Mexico border completed scales measuring depressive symptoms, bidirectional acculturation, living situation, diabetes, and health beliefs regarding the origins of diabetes. The results revealed that diabetes, acculturation, and gender were not associated with depressive symptoms in this population, even when controlling for mental health biases. This finding is in contrast to findings from other literature that associated diabetes, low acculturation and gender with depression in Hispanic adults. Extended family cohabitation was also not associated with lower numbers of depressive symptoms, despite the importance of familism and the extended family unit in Mexican-American culture. Unemployment was significantly related to number of depressive symptoms in both genders. There was no significant relationship between acculturation and health beliefs. These results indicate the importance of studying psychological disorders within the context of specific population groups that transcend vague censual terms. The discussion addresses methodological concerns and further directions for research concerning gender roles, chronic illness, depression and out-of-home employment in Mexican-American adults.
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Elliott, John Ottis. "The biopsychosocial model and quality of life in persons with active epilepsy." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1338911170.
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Koehn, Peter M. "Physical activity and depression in adolescents : an extention [sic] of the biopsychosocial model /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9988680.
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Revolta, Catherine. "The biopsychosocial model of dementia : its use in clinical practice : a pilot study." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2014. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1449260/.
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Background: Caring for people with dementia can be an emotionally challenging task and it is often linked with low job satisfaction and burnout amongst care staff. Training care home staff is a potentially valuable intervention in improving staff well-being and ensuring they are equipped to provide the best possible care for people with dementia. This review aimed to establish the impact of training on staff and to assess which interventions had the greatest influence. It also aimed to explore the influence of training intensity and potential barriers to its success. Method: A database search of studies evaluating staff training interventions in dementia care was conducted. The search revealed 207 papers, 188 of which were subsequently excluded based on pre-specified criteria. Nineteen studies were included in the review and synthesised using a quality rating tool designed for use with a range of study designs. Results: Overall the studies were found to be of variable quality. Sixteen studies found a significant change following training in at least one staff domain. Three studies did not find training to have a significant impact. Conclusion: The evidence suggests that training staff can be an effective method of improving staff well-being. Programmes helping staff to manage challenging behaviour appear to be the most beneficial, although further research is required. There is no clear relationship between training intensity and outcome. The majority of studies point to the importance of addressing organisational factors as a barrier to change.
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Ord, Jonathan S. "Biopsychosocial Factors in Chronic Spine-Related Pain: Contributions to Pain Intensity and Perceived Disability." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2010. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1112.
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Psychological and contextual factors play an important role in the development and maintenance of chronic spine-related pain, and effective treatment of pain-related conditions requires an understanding of how these factors contribute to pain and disability. The present study examined the relative contributions of spine pathology, psychological complications, and demographic factors to perceived pain intensity and disability in patients with chronic spine-related pain. Because most patients were assessed in the context of a compensable injury, exaggeration of symptoms and disability was systematically controlled for using multiple validity indicators. A high prevalence of psychological complications was observed in the present sample. Analysis indicated that psychological factors were not significantly related to pain intensity, but were significantly related to reported pain-related disability. Further, psychological factors were found to predict pain-related disability beyond demographics, medical findings, and pain intensity. Clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
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Parrott, Elisabeth Anne. "A Self-Psychological Exploration of Multiple Sclerosis in its Biopsychosocial Context." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1311007392.
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Miller, Bryant S. "Kansas rural adolescent health issues and needs: focus groups with 65 adolescents across four counties." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/32513.
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Master of ScienceFamily Studies and Human Services
Joyce Baptist
This qualitative study explored 65 rural adolescents' perceptions of health issues and needs. Focus groups were conducted with adolescents in six rural communities in Kansas. Analysis of transcripts suggested that the adolescents’ face numerous health issues that strongly influence their behaviors and expressed need for assistance. Adolescent health issues stemmed across biological, psychological, and social factors. Major themes evolved around challenges pertaining to healthy choices in food and nutrition, physical activity, stress management, sexual health, perceptions of invincibility, and poor role-modeling. To improve well-being adolescents need privacy, effective conversations, accessible health services, reliable education, and prioritization of healthy lifestyles. Implications for clinical and research are discussed.
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Kemp, Kristen A. "An Exploratory Study of Biopsychosocial Factors Related to Chronic Pain Treatment Selection." Xavier University Psychology / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=xupsy1597346234202876.
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Caplandies, Fawn C. "Using the Biopsychosocial Model of Threat and Challenge to Understand the Occurrence of Placebo Effects." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1449411406.
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Ahmed, Omer Abdelrahim Sidig. "Relationship of TMD diagnosis and self-reported biopsychosocial status of patients attending the TMD clinic." University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6638.
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Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent)Background: This study aimed to investigate a possible relationship between the diagnosis of TMD and biographical, psychological and social status of patients. Materials and Method: All records of patients who attended the TMD clinic in the Mitchells Plain Oral Health Centre in the period from January 2015 to July 2018, and who were examined according to the DC/TMD protocol, were collected. All diagnostic observations, as well as their biographical, psychological and social data were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed by means of comparisons and association analysis among data to evaluate if there were any statistically relevant associations or differences.
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Diedrichs, Phillippa. "Factors that eat away at body satisfaction and predict disordered eating in young women: a biopsychosocial model." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe10265.pdf.
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Caplandies, Fawn C. "One Man’s Threat is Another Man’s Challenge: Applying the Biopsychosocial Model of Threat and Challenge to a Placebo Paradigm." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1533213045261036.
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Eisemann, Martin. "Psychosocial aspects of depressive disorders." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Psykiatri, 1985. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-101299.
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The objective of this study was to elucidate the possible importance of factors from the social environment for the development of depression. As a theoretical framework, Engel's biopsychosocial model (Engel, 1980), based on systems theory, has been applied. Proceeding from the single individual (characterized by experience, personality, behaviour) as the highest level of the organismic hierarchy the following system levels have been taken into account: dyads, family, community, culture-subculture. The depressive patients (n=lll) showed to be living in a narrowed social network and to lack confiding relationships compared with a non-psychiatric control sample (n=98). The personality characteristics (e.g. anxiety, detachment, suspicion) of the patients were related to experienced loneliness, contact difficulties, social network features and leisure activities. By means of a discriminant analysis 83% of the subjects could be correctly classified. In a study of perceived parental rearing, depressives showed to have experienced lack of emotional warmth. As regards social class an overrepresentation of social class III in the subgroups of unipolar, bipolar and unspecified depression was observed. Finally, implications for treatment are discussed in favour of a combination of drug and cognitive psychotherapy. Future research strategies are also suggested.Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 1985, härtill 8 uppsatser.
digitalisering@umu
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Scott, Suzanne, and n/a. "Attachment Style and Chronic Pain Syndrome: The Importance of Psychological and Social Variables in the Biopsychosocial Model of Chronic Pain." Griffith University. School of Psychology, 2006. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20070326.114910.
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The current research examined the proposition that individuals who were securely attached had a fundamentally different reaction and experience of chronic pain to the experience of individuals with an insecure attachment style. A biopsychosocial model of chronic pain was created that included the variables of attachment style, pain, depression, anxiety, somatisation, quality of life, function, disability, neuroticism, age and gender. Three cross-sectional quantitative studies and one qualitative study were conducted. Participants were (a) patients from a multidisciplinary pain centre in a major public hospital, and (b) members of the general population with chronic pain who were recruited from both urban and rural settings, across various community support groups. The total sample was 470. Instruments for the quantitative studies included the Revised Adult Attachment Scale (Collins & Read, 1990), the McGill Pain Questionnaire (Melzack, 1975), the Pain Patient Profile (Tollinson & Langley, 1992), the Quality of Life Inventory (Frisch, 1994), the International Association for the Study of Pain Assessment Protocol (International Association for the Study of Pain, 1986), the Migraine Disability Scale (Stewart, Lipton, Kolodner, Liebermann, & Sawyer, 1999), and the short form of the Eysenck Neuroticism Scale (Eysenck, Eysenck, & Barret, 1985). The clinical and non-clinical participants with a diagnosis of chronic pain syndrome were partitioned as securely or insecurely attached. In the clinical sample, the proportion of securely attached individuals was less than one quarter of the group, while in the non-clinical sample the proportion of individuals in the securely attached group was 50%. For Study 1, (200 individuals from the clinical sample), the groups were partitioned using the classification criteria of Collins and Read (1990). Securely attached participants = 27%, insecurely attached 73%. An analysis of effect of attachment style on overall pain showed that the Securely Attached group reported less overall pain than the Insecurely Attached group. For Study 2, (using the total clinical sample), the sample comprised 27.3% securely attached and 72.7% insecurely attached participants. The Securely Attached group reported less overall Pain, less Negative Affect and Somatisation than the Insecurely Attached group, and higher levels of Quality of Life. Somatisation provided a significant unique contribution of variance to predicting overall Pain, providing some support for the biopsychosocial model, and Negative Affect (Depression and Anxiety combined) made a significant unique contribution to Quality of Life, explaining 26% of the variance. Gender was unrelated to any variable. For Study 3, the sample consisted of rural and urban participants, and the rural group was significantly older than the urban group. No other differences were found. The groups were combined to form the non-clinical group. The group was evenly divided (50%) between securely and insecurely attached groups. Gender was unrelated to any variable. For the non-clinical group, using the variables investigated in Study 2, there was no difference on overall pain scores, but negative affect and somatisation were higher and quality of life lower in the insecure group than in the secure group. No differences were found on Pain Intensity but Pain Pattern differed between the groups. Three new variables were added to the model - Neuroticism, Function and Disability. Disability and Function were significantly different between the attachment style groups. Age was significantly related to lower pain scores, less loss of function, less disability and higher quality of life. Pain scores were most related to somatisation, with age and quality of life contributing significant variance. Neuroticism added further to this explanation. Negative Affect made the most contribution to the variance explained in quality of life, and neuroticism and function made no significant contribution. Neuroticism and Attachment Style contributed significant amounts of variance to Function. To compare the Secure and Insecure Attachment groups in the Clinical and Non-clinical samples, a matched groups study, N = 190, was conducted. Clinical and non-clinical participants were matched for Age, Gender and Attachment Style. No differences were reported on overall pain between the attachment groups, but differences existed on negative affect, somatisation and quality of life. For sample type, the clinical group reported higher overall pain scores, less negative affect and less somatisation, but no differences were found on quality of life, compared to the non-clinical group. Study 4 was a qualitative study that used structured interviews of 24 clinical and non-clinical participants matched for age, gender, attachment style and etiology. The securely attached group reported having extensive, positive social support, high community involvement and appropriate reliance on medical and allied health care and medications. The insecurely attached group reported more problems with physical pain and psychological distress, less social support, less function and more perceived disability. The insecurely attached group reported more use of medical, allied and alternative health resources. Older securely attached individuals reported the lowest overall pain scores and the highest quality of life. These results support the hypotheses that a secure attachment style contributes to more positive outcomes for individuals with chronic pain syndrome and were consistent with a model of chronic pain that includes biological, psychological and social variables.
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Scott, Suzanne. "Attachment Style and Chronic Pain Syndrome: The Importance of Psychological and Social Variables in the Biopsychosocial Model of Chronic Pain." Thesis, Griffith University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365870.
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The current research examined the proposition that individuals who were securely attached had a fundamentally different reaction and experience of chronic pain to the experience of individuals with an insecure attachment style. A biopsychosocial model of chronic pain was created that included the variables of attachment style, pain, depression, anxiety, somatisation, quality of life, function, disability, neuroticism, age and gender. Three cross-sectional quantitative studies and one qualitative study were conducted. Participants were (a) patients from a multidisciplinary pain centre in a major public hospital, and (b) members of the general population with chronic pain who were recruited from both urban and rural settings, across various community support groups. The total sample was 470. Instruments for the quantitative studies included the Revised Adult Attachment Scale (Collins & Read, 1990), the McGill Pain Questionnaire (Melzack, 1975), the Pain Patient Profile (Tollinson & Langley, 1992), the Quality of Life Inventory (Frisch, 1994), the International Association for the Study of Pain Assessment Protocol (International Association for the Study of Pain, 1986), the Migraine Disability Scale (Stewart, Lipton, Kolodner, Liebermann, & Sawyer, 1999), and the short form of the Eysenck Neuroticism Scale (Eysenck, Eysenck, & Barret, 1985). The clinical and non-clinical participants with a diagnosis of chronic pain syndrome were partitioned as securely or insecurely attached. In the clinical sample, the proportion of securely attached individuals was less than one quarter of the group, while in the non-clinical sample the proportion of individuals in the securely attached group was 50%. For Study 1, (200 individuals from the clinical sample), the groups were partitioned using the classification criteria of Collins and Read (1990). Securely attached participants = 27%, insecurely attached 73%. An analysis of effect of attachment style on overall pain showed that the Securely Attached group reported less overall pain than the Insecurely Attached group. For Study 2, (using the total clinical sample), the sample comprised 27.3% securely attached and 72.7% insecurely attached participants. The Securely Attached group reported less overall Pain, less Negative Affect and Somatisation than the Insecurely Attached group, and higher levels of Quality of Life. Somatisation provided a significant unique contribution of variance to predicting overall Pain, providing some support for the biopsychosocial model, and Negative Affect (Depression and Anxiety combined) made a significant unique contribution to Quality of Life, explaining 26% of the variance. Gender was unrelated to any variable. For Study 3, the sample consisted of rural and urban participants, and the rural group was significantly older than the urban group. No other differences were found. The groups were combined to form the non-clinical group. The group was evenly divided (50%) between securely and insecurely attached groups. Gender was unrelated to any variable. For the non-clinical group, using the variables investigated in Study 2, there was no difference on overall pain scores, but negative affect and somatisation were higher and quality of life lower in the insecure group than in the secure group. No differences were found on Pain Intensity but Pain Pattern differed between the groups. Three new variables were added to the model - Neuroticism, Function and Disability. Disability and Function were significantly different between the attachment style groups. Age was significantly related to lower pain scores, less loss of function, less disability and higher quality of life. Pain scores were most related to somatisation, with age and quality of life contributing significant variance. Neuroticism added further to this explanation. Negative Affect made the most contribution to the variance explained in quality of life, and neuroticism and function made no significant contribution. Neuroticism and Attachment Style contributed significant amounts of variance to Function. To compare the Secure and Insecure Attachment groups in the Clinical and Non-clinical samples, a matched groups study, N = 190, was conducted. Clinical and non-clinical participants were matched for Age, Gender and Attachment Style. No differences were reported on overall pain between the attachment groups, but differences existed on negative affect, somatisation and quality of life. For sample type, the clinical group reported higher overall pain scores, less negative affect and less somatisation, but no differences were found on quality of life, compared to the non-clinical group. Study 4 was a qualitative study that used structured interviews of 24 clinical and non-clinical participants matched for age, gender, attachment style and etiology. The securely attached group reported having extensive, positive social support, high community involvement and appropriate reliance on medical and allied health care and medications. The insecurely attached group reported more problems with physical pain and psychological distress, less social support, less function and more perceived disability. The insecurely attached group reported more use of medical, allied and alternative health resources. Older securely attached individuals reported the lowest overall pain scores and the highest quality of life. These results support the hypotheses that a secure attachment style contributes to more positive outcomes for individuals with chronic pain syndrome and were consistent with a model of chronic pain that includes biological, psychological and social variables.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Psychology
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Kuehne, Jan (Jan Cavan). "The impact of materialistic monism and suffering on medical students :a critique of the biomedical and biopsychosocial model of medical schools." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/18209.
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Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2007.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: On entry to medical school, students are confronted with a worldview that can be typified as materialistic monism. The student progressively becomes a materialistic monist, not only because of the teaching, but also because medical schools fail to address the question of suffering. One would expect the biopsychosocial model to surmount the limitations of the biomedical model, but it in itself has to deal with both suffering and materialistic monism. Suffering cements the collapse into materialistic monism in the way the student practises medicine. What life strategies would transcend this materialistic monism? This thesis examines potential educational interventions that might help the student to analyse the philosophy of medical school and find ways of dealing with the question of suffering.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Met toelating tot mediese skool word studente gekonfronteer met ’n wêreldsiening wat as materialistiese monisme beskryf kan word. Die student verander progressief in ’n materialistiese monis, nie slegs as gevolg van die onderrig nie, maar ook omdat mediese skole nie daarin slaag om die kwessie van lyding aan te spreek nie. ’n Mens sou verwag dat die biopsigies-sosiale model die beperkinge van die biomediese model sou oorkom, maar instede moet dit self beide lyding en materialistiese monisme aanspreek. Lyding moedig die verval in materialistiese monisme in die wyse waarop die student geneeskunde beoefen aan. Watter soort lewensstrategieë is nodig om hierdie materialistiese monisme te transendeer? Hierdie tesis ondersoek die opvoedkundige intervensies wat die student kan help om die mediese skool se filosofie te analiseer en wyses te vind om die kwessie van lyding te hanteer.
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Ghaemian, Oskouei Aisan. "The influence of social comparison on the perception of quality of life amongst people living with epilepsy in Iran and the United Kingdom." Thesis, Brunel University, 2016. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/13337.
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Epileptic seizures are usually stressful episodes for individuals, not least as they are often experienced in public. Most research into epilepsy has been conducted in Western cultures, and we know little about the experiences of people with epilepsy and living in Middle Eastern countries. This study aims to examine the influence of social comparison on the perception of quality of life for people with epilepsy in Iran and in the United Kingdom. Three studies were completed. Two studies were qualitative; exploring individuals’ experiences of living with epilepsy and investigating coping strategies, respectively, (UK = 10, Iran = 10), for each study. Thematic analysis was used for data analysis. The third quantitative study was examined to determine whether social comparison dimensions, (upward negative, upward positive, downward negative, downward positive), predict quality of life in both countries, (N = 100 for each country), and a hierarchical multiple regression was used to analyse data. The first study indicated people compare themselves to others and the unpredictable nature of a seizure causes individuals to perceive negative feelings and experience anxiety, furthermore urinary incontinence attached to seizures appeared to leave people feeling ashamed and anxious. Study two revealed that whilst Iranian people used emotion-focused coping strategies, individuals from the United Kingdom applied problem-focused coping strategies. In Iran religious coping strategies were used to cope with incontinency; however positive social comparison (downward) was used as a coping strategy for incontinency in the United Kingdom. Study three found that self-esteem was the main predictor for quality of life in Iran and the United Kingdom. Whilst a seizure’s severity negatively predicts quality of life in the United Kingdom, positive social comparison (upward) accounted for quality of life in Iran. This study suggests that providing positive role models can help Iranians have a better perception for their quality of life, whereas British people potentially maximise their quality of life through seizure management.
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Hankins, A. Bentley. "Development and Validation of a Predictive Model of Return-to-Work Outcomes of Injured Employees in Minnesota." VCU Scholars Compass, 2013. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3261.
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In Minnesota’s workers’ compensation system, injured employees at risk for sustaining permanent disability may be eligible for receipt of vocational rehabilitation (VR) services if they are determined to be capable of benefitting from such services. VR services can be a valuable resource to injured employees who need assistance minimizing their work disability and maximizing their residual wage-earning capacity. However, for VR services to be effective at a system level, it is necessary to precisely and accurately identify an injured employee’s rehabilitation potential. Failure to do so is likely to result in the misallocation of a scarce and costly resource. Given recent trends in Minnesota’s workers’ compensation system (e.g., higher VR service costs and lower RTW rates among injured employees with indemnity claims), this study was conducted with the purpose of developing and validating an objective, evidence-based method of predicting the RTW status as of claim closure of injured Minnesota employees who sustained permanent impairment and received VR services. To accomplish this purpose, a closed-claim, retrospective design was implemented. Data for this cross-sectional study was obtained from the Minnesota administrative claims database. There were 15,372 claims that met all eligibility criteria. With guidance from the biopsychosocial disablement models developed by Nagi and the World Health Organization, 15 discrete predictor variables that represented medical, individual, and workplace factors were selected for study inclusion. Descriptive and predictive analyses were used to assess the relationship between this study’s RTW outcome and its set of RTW predictors. Using logistic regression, an optimal RTW model was first developed and then internally validated with a split-dataset approach. The optimal RTW model included four main effects (attorney involvement; severity of permanent impairment; age; job tenure) and three first-order interaction effects (pre-injury average weekly wage X pre-injury industry; attorney involvement X severity of permanent impairment; attorney involvement X job tenure). Though not retained in the optimal RTW model, part of body affected and education also had notable bivariate relationships with the outcome. The optimal RTW model’s performance regarding goodness-of-fit and clinical usefulness suggests it may be of value to those assessing rehabilitation potential within Minnesota’s workers’ compensation system.
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Payne, Ashley Renee. "Home Care Factors Associated with Hospital Readmission of Psychiatric Patients." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4471.
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There has been inadequate attention to the aftercare of psychiatric patients, resulting in an increase in readmission rates plus longer hospital stays. There is a gap in the aftercare for psychiatric patients; The purpose of this qualitative retrospective study is to explore what may have contributed to readmission for psychiatric patients. The biopsychosocial model was used as the theoretical framework to support the direction of the research. The health belief model and transtheoretical model of change were used to further support for biopsychosocial model. The research questions were created to determine the influences on readmission, psychological well-being, explore the adaptation to aftercare and narrative of aftercare from the caregiver. This study used a content analysis to identify patterns and themes with a total of 10 participants. The data used had been previously collected by the behavioral transition team at Houston Methodist Hospital which consists of case notes, mental health diagnoses, hospital history and reasons for readmission. The findings include reports of psychiatric patients not adhering to their prescribed medication due to its side effects or cost, caregivers feeling overwhelmed, and the importance of psychoeducation. Once adjustments were made to the dosage or a prescription for less expensive medication, adherence improved, regular attendance to therapy sessions occurred, and the increase in the level of frustration from the caregiver. Psychiatric patients can benefit in post-discharge care if there is more focus on the reasons for hospital readmission by developing a treatment plan for the prevention of a relapse. This study may improve patient vulnerability to mental health issues and to assist psychiatric patients in establishing balance in their lives.
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Chekuri, Lakshminaray. "Chronic Homelessness and the Aging Population: Findings in a Homeless Sample from Arkansas." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2012. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1404608/.
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Understanding underlying mechanisms and pathways that lead to chronic homelessness would help develop intervention strategies that could help prevent subsequent episodes of homelessness. Quantitative data for this cross-sectional study was gathered by interviewing individuals who were homeless in the State of Arkansas, using a structured survey between 2007 and 2011. Qualitative data was gathered using semi-structured interviews between 2016 and 2018. Chi-square statistics and a multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the quantitative data, while phenomenological methods were used to analyze the qualitative data. Nearly half of the study participants identified themselves as being chronically homeless. Chronically homeless adults in this region were significantly more likely to be older men with no family ties, more likely to be victims of domestic violence, have higher rates of physical health problems, and have alcohol and substance abuse problems. Results from the multivariate nominal regression revealed that individuals who reported themselves as chronically homeless were more likely to be in the 50 years or older age group. In addition, study findings highlighted a dynamic interplay between three biopsychosocial risk factors for homelessness. Fostering development of inclusive sustainable communities, intergenerational relationships, and shared housing practices could help ease such social inequities and prevent problems such as chronic homelessness in older homeless adults.
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De, Vos Jaqueline. "Teachers' experiences of workplace bullying and its effects on health :|bdeveloping a multi-level intervention programme / Jaqueline de Vos." Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/8674.
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Workplace bullying is recognised as a major psychosocial stressor in various professions and can have severe effects on health. Teachers are distinguished as an occupational group that is severely affected by this phenomenon. The general objectives of this research study were to firstly investigate teachers’ experiences of workplace bullying and its effects on health, and secondly, to develop a multi-level intervention programme that can be implemented to address workplace bullying and its effects on health in this context.
This research study was conducted in two phases. The biopsychosocial model was applied as a theoretical foundation in the first phase. Participants were sampled by means of informative and educational articles that were placed online and in printed media. Selection criteria were applied to sample a group that was representative of victims of workplace bullying. Ultimately, twenty-seven teachers were included in this study. A qualitative, phenomenological research design was used to explore teachers’ experiences of workplace bullying and its effects on health. Data was specifically gathered by means of semi-structured interviews and personal documents. Semi-structured interviews were audio-recorded and data was transcribed verbatim. Methods of Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis were applied to analyse and present the data. Findings were supported with verbatim quotes and a literature control.
Teachers’ reports indicated that workplace bullying is mostly perpetrated by principals and that colleagues are often also involved in the process. Bullying behaviours were aimed at attacking the character, as well as the work of teachers. Organisational channels were often exploited to bully teachers. Certain behaviours were an infringement of teachers’ human and labour rights.
Findings are also analogous to the theory and dynamics that is depicted by the biopsychosocial model. Escalating stress and trauma were reflected in teachers’ physical, psychological and social health. The experience of workplace bullying firstly impacted on their psychological health, which was also accompanied by various physical health problems. Major depressive episodes and/ or symptoms of depression were mostly reported. Some teachers also reported symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder, complex-posttraumatic stress disorder, and panic attacks. Teachers’ ill-health experiences further negatively impacted on their social and professional relationships. The school organisation is affected. The result is teachers with a lost passion for the profession, lowered work performance, increased absenteeism, and teachers’ intention to leave the profession. Findings finally indicated that certain personal and organisational characteristics facilitate and sustain workplace bullying.
Relevant literature, field notes during the research process and findings in the first phase of this study guided the development of a multi-level intervention programme for the South African teaching profession. Strategic intervention activities were suggested to address some of the causes, as well as the physical, psychological and social health effects of workplace bullying. A strategic and methodological approach to multi-level intervention was also developed and proposed. Strategic intervention activities were ultimately suggested for the professional, social/ community, individual/ familial, dyadic, organisational, managerial, and work group level.Thesis (PhD (Educational Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013
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Guêné, Vincent. "La place du travail dans l’activité des ergothérapeutes : des dilemmes de métier : le cas d’un « atelier geste professionnel » dans un programme multidisciplinaire de rééducation." Thesis, Angers, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ANGE0044/document.
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Ce travail de thèse trouve son origine dans une intervention menée auprès du collectif d’ergothérapeutes du centre de rééducation François Gallouedec. Il prend pour objet les dilemmes de métier de ces professionnels lorsqu’ils sont confrontés à la question du travail des patients. L’intervention s’est déployée en suivant une méthodologie développementale propre à la clinique de l’activité. Elle a permis aux ergothérapeutes de prendre pour objet d’analyse leur propre travail lors de programmes de restauration fonctionnelle. La littérature sur ces programmes confirme le choix de s’intéresser aux ergothérapeutes comme principaux destinataires des questions professionnelles des patients. Cependant, les recherches dans le domaine tendent à éluder la question du travail des professionnels de santé et à résumer celui des patients au simple retour à l’emploi.C’est justement pourquoi il nous a semblé intéressant de renverser la question en nous intéressant au travail de ceux qui s’intéressent au travail. Nous avons émis l’hypothèse que ce point difficile confrontait les ergothérapeutes du centre François Gallouedec à des dilemmes de métier notamment lors de la réalisation d’un « atelier geste professionnel ». Les résultats de cette recherche montrent toute l’importance de s’intéresser au travail des professionnels de santé, ce qui est fait mais aussi ce qui n’est pas fait ou ce qu’on aurait voulu faire, pour le développement des modèles de prise en charge des patients. Le réel du travail des rééducateurs peut ainsi devenir une ressource dans la mise en place de programmes de rééducation qui souhaitent s’intéresser à la question du travail du patientThis thesis work originated in an intervention conducted with the collective of occupational therapists of the rehabilitation center François Gallouedec. It focuses on the job dilemmas of these professionals when confronted with the issue of patient’s work.The intervention was deployed following a developmental methodology specific to the clinic of the activity. It allowed occupational therapists to take their own work as an object of analysis during functional restoration programs. The literature on these programs confirms the choice to focus on occupational therapists as the primary addressee for patients' professional issues. However, research in the field tends to evade the question of the work of health professionals and to summarize that of patients simply returning to employment. This is why we felt it necessary to focus on the work of those who are interested in work. We hypothesized that this difficult point confronted the occupational therapists of the François Gallouedec center with job dilemmas, particularly during the realization of a "professional gesture workshop". The results of this research show the importance of taking an interest in the work of health professionals, which is done but also what is not done or what we would have liked to do, for the development of models of patient care. The real work of there educators can thus become a resource in the implementation of rehabilitation programs that wish to be interested in the question of the work of the patient
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Cesareo, Jacqueline M. "Psychosocial stress and health-related outcomes in chronic childhood asthma : using a biopsychosocial approach to understand transactional relationships across childhood and adolescence." University of Western Australia. School of Psychology, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0077.
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[Truncated abstract] Despite significant scientific advances in tracking the complex physiological mechanisms that drive the asthma disease process, worldwide trends in childhood asthma continue to rise. This research sought to describe the relationships between psychosocial stress, psychosocial resources, asthma severity, and health-related outcomes from the standpoints of biopsychosocial and developmental theory. The research consisted of three studies based on a prospective study involving 2573 children from a community-based birth cohort. The cohort has been under active follow-up from birth and this thesis draws on data obtained at the 1, 2, 6, 10 and 13 year follow-ups . . . The final study undertook to describe the mediating influence of specific supportive behaviours provided by family members and peers to adolescents with asthma. Ninety-nine adolescents participating in the 13 year follow-up of the community cohort study completed a semi-structured interview adapted from the Diabetes Social Support Interview (La Greca et al., 1995) to assess supportive behaviours and the KINDL (Ravens-Sieberer & Bullinger, 1998) to assess QOL. It was predicted that illness-specific support would mediate the relationship between family dysfunction and quality of life. Qualitative analyses identified parents as important sources of tangible support, peers as important sources of companionship and emotional support, and siblings bridging the two, by providing tangible, companionship and emotional support to the adolescent. Mediator analyses found that specific parent behaviours perceived as unsupportive by the adolescent mediated the relationship between family dysfunction and self-oriented quality of life. Clinical implications support the integration of medical and psychological expertise in the treatment of asthma. Future research directions are also discussed.
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Douglas, Clint. "The impact of pain on the quality of life of people with multiple sclerosis." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2007. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16523/1/Clint_Douglas_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis was concerned with determining the scope, nature and impact of pain on quality of life (QOL) among a community-based sample of people with multiple sclerosis (MS). An analysis of the research literature on pain in MS reveals that pain is a significant problem which has historically been underinvestigated and is currently poorly understood. The vast majority of the published literature consists of prevalence studies, descriptive research and clinical reports. Where available, empirical data are often limited by methodological and analytical problems such that substantive conclusions about the scope and nature of MS-related pain remain unclear. Among the most fundamental issues is the extent to which pain is problematic in a population which is already impaired by other physical disabilities. Little is known about how pain contributes to MS-related disability, distress and QOL. Moreover, research examining the psychosocial aspects of MS-related pain is noticeably absent. It is clear that there are substantial gaps in the literature and that many basic questions about the scope, nature and impact of pain problems among individuals with MS remain unanswered. Thus the primary aim of this study was to begin to fill some of these gaps by systematically investigating the following research questions: (1) What is the prevalence and nature of pain experienced by people with MS? (2) What is the impact of pain on the QOL of people with MS, over and above the impact of disability itself? (3) To what extent do physical and psychosocial factors influence adjustment to chronic pain in people with MS? (4) What meaning is given to the pain experience by people with MS?
The present study utilised a multimethod research design involving cross-sectional postal survey, structured in-person pain interviews and focus groups. Survey respondents were a 219-person sample recruited from the Queensland MS Society membership database via systematic random sampling. All participants completed a piloted questionnaire containing questions about their demographic and clinical characteristics, validated measures of QOL and MS-related disability, and a question on whether or not they had experienced clinically significant pain in the previous two weeks. Respondents who reported pain then completed face-to-face structured pain interviews assessing pain characteristics (viz. intensity, quality, location, extent and duration), pain-related beliefs and coping strategies, and pain management techniques used. Four focus groups were also conducted that included 32 people with MS living in the community. Study participants were a purposive sample drawn from four MS support groups located in the South-East Queensland region.
Pain was found to be common with some 67.1% of the sample reporting pain during the two weeks preceding the study. Comprehensive pain assessment revealed that a substantial subset of these individuals experience chronic pain conditions characterised by moderate-to-severe pain intensity. Pain prevalence and intensity were found to be strongly correlated with QOL: physical health, psychological health, level of independence and global QOL were more likely to be impaired among people with MS when pain was present, and the extent of impairment was associated with the intensity of pain. Moreover, these relationships remained significant even after statistically controlling for multiple demographic and clinical covariates associated with self-reported QOL. Pain-related beliefs and coping strategies were also associated with and explained a significant proportion of the variance in adjustment to pain among people with MS, over and above that accomplished by demographic and MS-related variables and pain intensity. Finally, qualitative data analysis revealed four broad conceptualisations of the experience of chronic MS-related pain including: pain is pervasive, nobody understands, I'm fine, and always a factor in the equation.
These findings suggest that for people with MS, pain is an important source of distress and disability over and above that caused by neurological impairments. These data also lead to the hypothesis that recognition and effective treatment of pain would improve the QOL of people with MS, irrespective of their level of neurologic disability. Although correlational, the findings provide support for a biopsychosocial model of pain and adjustment to pain in people with MS.
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Douglas, Clint. "The impact of pain on the quality of life of people with multiple sclerosis." Queensland University of Technology, 2007. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16523/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis was concerned with determining the scope, nature and impact of pain on quality of life (QOL) among a community-based sample of people with multiple sclerosis (MS). An analysis of the research literature on pain in MS reveals that pain is a significant problem which has historically been underinvestigated and is currently poorly understood. The vast majority of the published literature consists of prevalence studies, descriptive research and clinical reports. Where available, empirical data are often limited by methodological and analytical problems such that substantive conclusions about the scope and nature of MS-related pain remain unclear. Among the most fundamental issues is the extent to which pain is problematic in a population which is already impaired by other physical disabilities. Little is known about how pain contributes to MS-related disability, distress and QOL. Moreover, research examining the psychosocial aspects of MS-related pain is noticeably absent. It is clear that there are substantial gaps in the literature and that many basic questions about the scope, nature and impact of pain problems among individuals with MS remain unanswered. Thus the primary aim of this study was to begin to fill some of these gaps by systematically investigating the following research questions: (1) What is the prevalence and nature of pain experienced by people with MS? (2) What is the impact of pain on the QOL of people with MS, over and above the impact of disability itself? (3) To what extent do physical and psychosocial factors influence adjustment to chronic pain in people with MS? (4) What meaning is given to the pain experience by people with MS? The present study utilised a multimethod research design involving cross-sectional postal survey, structured in-person pain interviews and focus groups. Survey respondents were a 219-person sample recruited from the Queensland MS Society membership database via systematic random sampling. All participants completed a piloted questionnaire containing questions about their demographic and clinical characteristics, validated measures of QOL and MS-related disability, and a question on whether or not they had experienced clinically significant pain in the previous two weeks. Respondents who reported pain then completed face-to-face structured pain interviews assessing pain characteristics (viz. intensity, quality, location, extent and duration), pain-related beliefs and coping strategies, and pain management techniques used. Four focus groups were also conducted that included 32 people with MS living in the community. Study participants were a purposive sample drawn from four MS support groups located in the South-East Queensland region. Pain was found to be common with some 67.1% of the sample reporting pain during the two weeks preceding the study. Comprehensive pain assessment revealed that a substantial subset of these individuals experience chronic pain conditions characterised by moderate-to-severe pain intensity. Pain prevalence and intensity were found to be strongly correlated with QOL: physical health, psychological health, level of independence and global QOL were more likely to be impaired among people with MS when pain was present, and the extent of impairment was associated with the intensity of pain. Moreover, these relationships remained significant even after statistically controlling for multiple demographic and clinical covariates associated with self-reported QOL. Pain-related beliefs and coping strategies were also associated with and explained a significant proportion of the variance in adjustment to pain among people with MS, over and above that accomplished by demographic and MS-related variables and pain intensity. Finally, qualitative data analysis revealed four broad conceptualisations of the experience of chronic MS-related pain including: pain is pervasive, nobody understands, I'm fine, and always a factor in the equation. These findings suggest that for people with MS, pain is an important source of distress and disability over and above that caused by neurological impairments. These data also lead to the hypothesis that recognition and effective treatment of pain would improve the QOL of people with MS, irrespective of their level of neurologic disability. Although correlational, the findings provide support for a biopsychosocial model of pain and adjustment to pain in people with MS.
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Hernandez, Artemiza. "Mindfulness Meditation Among Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence in a Community Program." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6438.
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This study aimed to assess the impact of an Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) intervention in a program serving women who survived Intimate partner violence (IPV). The biopsychosocial model, formulated by Engel, was the theoretical basis of this study. The impact of the MBSR intervention was assessed by qualitatively evaluating researcher notes and 5 participants' journals and reflections, and quantitatively evaluating 16 participants' self-reported stress, mindfulness, well-being, and optimism before and after the intervention. The themes that emerged from the qualitative data included participants' feelings of relaxation or balance, improved self-awareness, mindfulness exercises becoming easier over time, and improved intentionality. The Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills (KIMS) self-report inventory was used to assess participants' mindfulness. The KIMS instrument is composed of four subscales: observe, describe, act, and accept. There were significant improvements in the describe and accept dimensions of mindfulness from pretest to posttest, after Bonferroni adjustment. The subscale describe measures how well the participants report being able to describe, identify, or observe mental phenomena in a nonjudgmental manner. There were no significant differences from pre to posttest on stress, well-being, and optimism, a non-equivalent dependent variable not expected to change as a result of the intervention, as optimism is presumed to be a stable personality trait. This study may provide a valuable link to the development of coping and treatment strategies for IPV survivors that can be integrated into therapy programs and individual treatment.
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Rehman, Nida Ammar. "Peer Victimization of Children and Adolescents with Intellectual Disabilities : A Systematic Literature Review from 2000-2020." Thesis, Jönköping University, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-48338.
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Background: Children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities are at increased risk for peer victimization in schools. Due to the deficits in their social, cognitive, and adaptive skills, these children face greater challenges to stand up for themselves thus, facing continued victimization. Aim: This systematic literature review sought to critically identify the existing literature on predictors and outcomes which are associated with peer victimization in children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities in a school environment using the Biopsychosocial model. Method: To conduct this study, a systematic search procedure was formulated to retrieve relevant scholarly articles from the chosen databases. Peer reviewed journals were searched to retrieve articles from education, psychology, and social sciences, published in English language between years 2000-2020. Only studies with children and adolescents ages 6 - 21 years were considered. A total of eight articles with five cross-sectional, two cohort, and one case-control studies qualified to answer the research questions. Results: Findings varied across the social and psychological aspects. Social predictors and outcomes were found to be dominant for peer victimization. Internalizing Behaviour Disorders as a whole was identified as a psychological predictor with low self-esteem and depressive feelings as individual predictors and outcomes of peer victimization. Conclusion: Children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities are vulnerable to peer victimization due to deficits in disability characteristics. Exposure to peer victimization can pose serious consequences on their social and psychological well-being. Implications for future research and methodological limitations of this study are also discussed.
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Chekuri, Lakshminarayana. "Chronic Homelessness and the Aging Population: Findings in a Homeless Sample from Arkansas." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1404608/.
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Understanding underlying mechanisms and pathways that lead to chronic homelessness would help develop intervention strategies that could help prevent subsequent episodes of homelessness. Quantitative data for this cross-sectional study was gathered by interviewing individuals who were homeless in the State of Arkansas, using a structured survey between 2007 and 2011. Qualitative data was gathered using semi-structured interviews between 2016 and 2018. Chi-square statistics and a multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the quantitative data, while phenomenological methods were used to analyze the qualitative data. Nearly half of the study participants identified themselves as being chronically homeless. Chronically homeless adults in this region were significantly more likely to be older men with no family ties, more likely to be victims of domestic violence, have higher rates of physical health problems, and have alcohol and substance abuse problems. Results from the multivariate nominal regression revealed that individuals who reported themselves as chronically homeless were more likely to be in the 50 years or older age group. In addition, study findings highlighted a dynamic interplay between three biopsychosocial risk factors for homelessness. Fostering development of inclusive sustainable communities, intergenerational relationships, and shared housing practices could help ease such social inequities and prevent problems such as chronic homelessness in older homeless adults.
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Daniels, Katherine Jean. "Couples' construction of meaning of an Alzheimer's disease diagnosis : a systemic approach." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1057.
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Barra, Luana Yehia de La. "O FISIOTERAPEUTA, O PACIENTE E A DOENÇA." Universidade Metodista de São Paulo, 2006. http://tede.metodista.br/jspui/handle/tede/1328.
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Previous issue date: 2006-02-08The biopsychosocial approach is very important for physical therapists to enabling them to act with human beings, in a global way, not only focusing their attention only on the pathology, but also on the ill person as a whole. The comprehension of the profession and the concepts of health illness, and patient, are also needed for the physical therapists to consider their intervention on a more extended basis than only on the rehabilitation one. The purpose of this study is to investigate the comprehension of the last year´s Physical therapy students from a private University in São Paulo about health illness, patient, Physical therapy and the relationship between physical therapist and their patients, associating the understanding to the existent health models. In order to achieve these objectives it uses authors of the Health Psychology who defend the biopsychosocial approach, and also authors of Physical therapy and Medicine who write about the models for graduation curriculae of health professionals. Ten semi-structured interviews were led with students, asking about the subjects of the study. The results were analyzed qualitatively, using the construction of analysis categories to answer the objectives of the research. In conclusion, the students noticed some phsychological and social aspects of patients, but not in a clear way and in most of the students, this knowledge was adquired outside the University. Eventhough, the topics on humanities are included in their course, but at the time of the graduation, students don´t reach the objectives of a human comprehension of patient, and oscillate between the biomedical and biopsychosocial model
A visão biopsicossocial de homem é de fundamental importância para que os fisioterapeutas sejam capazes de atuar com seus pacientes, de forma global, sem focar a atenção apenas à doença, mas sim à pessoa doente. A compreensão acerca da profissão e dos conceitos de saúde-doença e paciente, também se faz necessária para que esses profissionais possam considerar sua intervenção num âmbito mais amplo do que a reabilitação. O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar a compreensão que os alunos do último ano de Fisioterapia de uma Universidade privada de São Paulo têm sobre saúde-doença, paciente, Fisioterapia e relacionamento fisioterapeuta-paciente e como associam estas compreensões aos modelos de saúde existentes. Para isso toma por base autores da Psicologia da Saúde que defendem uma visão biopsicossocial de homem, assim como autores da Fisioterapia e Medicina que escrevem sobre os modelos adotados nos currículos de formação dos profissionais da saúde. Foram realizadas 10 entrevistas semi-dirigidas com os alunos, apresentando questões a respeito dos temas em questão. Os resultados foram analisados de forma qualitativa através da construção de categorias de análise visando responder aos objetivos da pesquisa. Conclui-se que os alunos percebem alguns aspectos psicológicos e sociais do paciente, mas não de forma clara e, na maioria dos casos, este conhecimento se dá através de conhecimentos que não foram adquiridos na Universidade. Esta, apesar de fornecer os conteúdos para a formação mais humana do fisioterapeuta, não alcança os objetivos ao final do curso, já que os alunos oscilam entre os modelos biomédico e biopsicossocial
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Muller, Corne. "Die impak van trauma op die kind as sekondêre slagoffer in die ongevalle afdeling van ‘n hospitaal." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/31256.
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This study is aimed at exploring the impact of secondary trauma on the child. A shortcoming has been identified in practice because of the lack of trained social workers and therapists in the field of secondary trauma and children and applying effective therapeutic intervention. The goal of this study was to explore and determine the impact of trauma on the child as the secondary victim in the emergency room of the hospital. In order to reach the required goal, a number of objectives were set. By means of a literature study and consultation with experts in the field of trauma, a theoretical framework was set up with regard to the following: secondary trauma as phenomenon; the child in the middle childhood as part of life; trauma debriefing and the child. An empirical study where semi-structured interviews and participatory observation were used as the methods of data collection was undertaken, to assess the impact of trauma on the child, as the secondary victim in the emergency room of the hospital. The following aspects were handled specifically: 1. the experience of trauma by the child 2. fears and anxiety 3. re-experiencing the event through thoughts 4. sensation, communication and play 5. increase in sensitivity through sight, noises and smell 6. avoidance of memories, thoughts and feelings towards the trauma and then the search for closure Individual semi-structured interviews were used with ten respondents. Applied research was undertaken as the researcher aimed at establishing solutions for problems that occur in the emergency room of the hospital. The researcher used a qualitative research approach. Considering that in this study a relatively unknown field was researched, a phenomenological strategy within an exploratory study was used to explore, understand and interpret the research question, which is not well known. The research question formulated for this study was: “What is the effect of trauma on the child as the secondary victim?” Empirical data, which was obtained by using a semi-structured interview schedule and participatory observation, revealed the following: 1. The secondary traumatized child is the individual that’s been exposed to the trauma by either witnessing the event or through the relationship with the victim. 2. The following phases of trauma were identified through the study of the secondary traumatized child: i. PHASE 1 : Biological impact phase ii. PHASE 2 : Reaction phase iii. PHASE 3 : Avoidance phase iv. PHASE 4 : Reintegration and recovery of homeostasis 3. Role of social support systems for the adaptation of the psycho-social functioning of the victim. 4. External factors that might influence the traumatized child. The study revealed information on the child as the secondary traumatized victim in the emergency room of the hospital, which holds further research possibilities. The desired information was acquired and can be used in further studies and the development of a trauma-debriefing programme.Dissertation (MSW (Social Health Care))--University of Pretoria, 2006.
Social Work and Criminology
MSW (Social Health Care)
Unrestricted
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Marano, Kristin Marie. "Acculturation, Inflammation, and Depression Among Hispanic Adults in the United States." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2034.
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Disparities exist in the recognition and treatment of depression among Hispanics in the United States, creating a social, ethical, economic, and public health burden. This study was designed to generate an improved understanding of the causes of and/or contributors to depression within this population. It was specifically designed to 1) assess the prevalence and severity of depression among Hispanic adults in the United States relative to adults of other race/ethnicities in the United States; 2) clarify the inconsistent results in the literature concerning the relationship between acculturation and depression among Hispanic adults in the United States; and 3) fill a gap in the literature by evaluating the potential for inflammation to mediate the relationship between acculturation and depression among Hispanic adults in the United States. The biopsychosocial model was used as a theoretical foundation for this study. Data from the 2009-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed descriptively and via logistic regression. Findings confirmed higher prevalence of depression among Hispanic adults compared with non-Hispanic White adults, and that a lower degree of acculturation was consistently associated with a decreased likelihood of depression among Hispanics. No mediating effect of inflammation on the relationship between acculturation and depression was observed. The findings from this study are intended for use by health care providers, health educators, and public health practitioners to improve depression prevention, diagnosis, and treatment opportunities within this population and to accordingly to affect positive social change.
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Lane, Richard. "Is it possible to bridge the Biopsychosocial and Biomedical models?" BioMed Central, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/610076.
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Kerätär, R. (Raija). "Kun katsoo kauempaa, näkee enemmän:monialainen työkyvyn ja kuntoutustarpeen arviointi pitkäaikaistyöttömillä." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2016. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526210865.
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Abstract Unemployed are known to be in poorer health and to use less health care services compared to those employed. However, evidence on the work ability of the unemployed remains scarce. The methods of assessing work ability are very divergent, not least because a shared understanding on the concept of work ability is lacking. Furthermore, the aspect of marginalization gives rise to further challenges when assessing work ability among the unemployed. This study explored the work ability of long-term unemployed, their needs for medical care and rehabilitation as well as the methods of assessing work ability. The aims were to find out to which amount and how the work ability was restricted among the unemployed and to clarify the needs for medical care and rehabilitation among them. Additionally, differences between the methods for assessing the disease-oriented and multidimensional work ability, as well as the need for rehabilitation were analysed. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used in this multi-method research in three different studies. The multidimensional work ability assessments were conducted among long term unemployed individuals in three Labour Force Service Centres (Oulu, Raahe region and Kainuu) and in one municipality (Paltamo). Furthermore, an illustrated case study was conducted to compare the materials and background theories of disease-oriented and multidimensional work ability assessment methods. The work ability was significantly decreased for a great proportion of long term unemployed, mostly because of mental disorders. In one municipality, 27% of the long term unemployed were found disabled for open labour market, in addition 20% of them were considered to need medical care and rehabilitation to enable return to work. By using multidimensional work ability assessment method, restrictions in work ability as well as the needs for rehabilitation appeared to get identified more accurately than by using the disease-oriented method. The latter had missed potential rehabilitation avenues and had led to under-rehabilitation, misrehabilitation and over-rehabilitation. The results indicate that the practices of assessing work ability should be based on biopsychosocial and not only on biomedical approach of health and therefore existing information from the multidisciplinary network concerning the clients’ functioning should be routinely collected and used. The health care services as well as the work ability assessment procedures should be tailored to meet the special needs of the long term unemployed to support their work ability and potential of returning to workTiivistelmä Työttömien terveydentila on heikompi ja he käyttävät vähemmän terveyspalveluja kuin muu samanikäinen väestö. Sen sijaan työttömien työkyvystä ei ole olemassa kattavaa tutkimustietoa. Toisaalta työkyvyn arvioinnin menetelmät ovat epäyhtenäiset, koska työkyvyn käsitteestäkään ei ole yhtenäistä ymmärrystä. Syrjäytymiseen liittyvät ilmiöt aiheuttavat työttömien työkyvyn arviointiin omat erityishaasteensa. Tämän tutkimuksen kohteena olivat pitkäaikaistyöttömien työkyky, sairauksien hoitoon ja kuntoutukseen liittyvät tarpeet sekä työkyvyn arvioinnin menetelmät. Tavoitteena oli selvittää, kuinka suurella osalla ja millä tavoin pitkäaikaistyöttömien työkyky on heikentynyt sekä minkälaista hoidon ja kuntoutuksen tarvetta heillä on. Lisäksi selvitettiin sairauslähtöisen ja monialaisen työkyvyn ja kuntoutustarpeen arvioinnin eroja. Monimenetelmätutkimuksen kolmessa osatutkimuksessa käytettiin sekä laadullisia että määrällisiä menetelmiä. Aineistoina olivat kolmen työvoiman palvelukeskuksen (Oulu, Raahen seutukunta ja Kainuu) ja yhden kunnan (Paltamo) alueella asuville vaikeasti työllistyville henkilöille monialaisesti toteutetut työkyvyn arvioinnit. Lisäksi aineistona analysoitiin sairauslähtöisessä ja monialaisessa työkyvyn arvioinnissa käytettävät tietoaineistot ja tulokset yhdellä esimerkkiasiakkaalla havainnollistaen. Suurella osalla pitkäaikaistyöttömistä työkyky oli merkittävästi heikentynyt, sairausluokista eniten mielenterveyden häiriöiden takia. Yhden kunnan kaikista pitkäaikaistyöttömistä todettiin avoimille työmarkkinoille työkyvyttömiksi 27 % ja näiden lisäksi 20 %:lla todettiin työkykyä kohentavan hoidon ja kuntoutuksen tarvetta. Monialaisen arviointimallin avulla tunnistettiin työkyvyn heikkeneminen ja kuntoutustarve osuvammin kuin perinteisellä sairauslähtöisellä toimintatavalla, joka hukkaa kuntoutuksen potentiaalia ja johtaa alikuntoutukseen, väärinkuntoutukseen tai ylikuntoutukseen. Tulosten perusteella työkyvyn arvioinnin käytännöt tulisi perustaa biopsykososiaaliseen eikä vain biomedikaaliseen terveyskäsitykseen ja niissä tulisi nykyistä enemmän hyödyntää monialaisessa verkostossa olevaa informaatiota tutkittavan toimintakyvystä. Työkyvyn tukemiseksi työttömien terveyspalvelut sekä työkyvyn ja kuntoutustarpeen arvioinnit tulisi aiempaa enemmän suunnitella ja kohdentaa pitkäaikaistyöttömien erityistarpeet huomioiden
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Peronace, Laura A. "Two-part investigation of the biopsychosocial model in male reproductive health : A cross-sectional investigation of the association between infertility diagnosis and emotional distress in men (Part I) ; and, A prospective controlled investigation of the effect of psychosocial stress on corticosterone, testosterone and sperm parameters in male rats (Part II)." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2007. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54630/.
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This thesis explored the interactions between psychological well-being and male fertility using the biopsychosocial model. The biopsychosocial model proposes that biological, psychological, and social processes interact and impact on health. These interrelationships were investigated in a sample of men undergoing fertility treatment and in a set of experiments using an animal model of stress. It is commonly thought that men with male factor infertility suffer more compared to men in couples with other infertility diagnoses, mainly due to the social stigma attached to being a man unable to father. The inter-relationships among diagnosis, psychological stress, and social environment were examined in men during a twelve month period of fertility treatment. It was found that men, regardless of diagnosis, showed signs of suffering over time and perceived some deterioration in their social environment that was at least partly caused by their psychological well-being at the start of treatment. To better understand how stress and reproductive processes interact, an animal stressor paradigm was developed. Male rats were exposed to a psychosocial cage change stressor (PCCS) where housing alternated every day between being alone, or in a new combination of two or three rats per cage for either 12 or 24 days. The four experiments showed that exposure to PCCS induced a mild physical stress response and consistent effects on reproductive parameters. It was concluded that the psychological and social aspects of the PCCS each have an impact on reproduction. This thesis has provided evidence of biopsychosocial links in the reproductive context supporting a biopsychosocial model of male fertility.
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Marek, Lydia I. "A multi-modal evaluation of an integrated treatment program for college women with eating problems." Diss., This resource online, 1995. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08272007-163615/.
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Heckman, Niedre. "Immunoglobulin Therapy and Primary Immunodeficient Patients' Health-Related Quality of Life and Well-Being." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4789.
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Individuals born with primary immune deficiency diseases (PIDD) have a dysfunctional immune system, and many are treated by lifelong injections of immunoglobulin therapy. Studies have shown that these patients have low health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and well-being (WB) and that these outcomes might be improved by the availability of therapy innovated according to preferences for fewer needle sticks or a shorter infusion time. Regulators at the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have approved therapies innovated per these preferences. However, there is limited data demonstrating how these innovations impact HRQOL and WB. Using the biopsychosocial model, the purpose of this cross sectional quantitative study was to evaluate whether patients with PIDD using therapies innovated for fewer needle sticks or a shorter infusion time had a higher mean HRQOL and WB compared to those who were not. The study included 153 patients who completed the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS)-29 survey. The dependent variables were HRQOL and WB measured by PROMIS-29, and the independent variables were the medical product innovations. Independent samples t tests results showed mean PROMIS-29 scores were not statistically different (p > .05). This suggests patients were optimized according to their treatment preference. A subgroup of patients who had taken the PROMIS-29 survey more than once concurrent with switching to a therapy aligned with patient preferences showed improved HRQOL and WB. These findings have implications for positive social change in that seeking the patient's voice to inform medical product innovation and FDA regulatory decision-making has potential to improve biopsychosocial outcomes.
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Bender, Rachel. "Kindling of Life Stress in Bipolar Disorder: Comparison of Sensitization and Autonomy Models and Integration with Emerging Biopsychosocial Theories." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2012. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/191985.
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PsychologyPh.D.
Most life stress literature in bipolar disorder (BD) fails to account for the possibility of a changing relationship between psychosocial context and episode initiation across the course of the disorder. The kindling hypothesis states that over the longitudinal course of recurrent affective disorders, there is a weakening temporal relationship between major life stress and episode initiation (Post, 1992). This process could reflect either a progressive sensitization or a progressive autonomy (i.e., insensitivity) to life stress. The present study aimed to test the kindling model in BD by examining the effect of lifetime mood episodes on the relationship between proximal life events and prospectively assessed mood episodes. Polarity-specific tests of the model were conducted across the continuum of event severity, with respect to both impact and frequency of life events. Moreover, examination of the kindling hypothesis was embedded in the context of two emerging biopsychosocial theories of BD: the expanded Behavioral Approach System Dysregulation Model and the Circadian and Social Rhythm Theory. Data from 278 participants (146 bipolar spectrum participants and 132 normal control participants) were collected as part of the Temple-Wisconsin Longitudinal Investigation of Bipolar Spectrum Project. Hypotheses were polarity- and event-type specific and were in line with a stress sensitization model of bipolar spectrum disorders (BSD), rather than a stress autonomy model. Results partially supported a sensitization model: there was a decreased frequency and an increased impact of major events, and an increased frequency and impact of minor events. However, results for specific polarities and event types were not fully consistent with a stress sensitization model. Implications of these findings are addressed, followed by a discussion of study strengths, limitations, and promising directions for future research.
Temple University--Theses
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Maddison, Christopher Royce. "A CBT inpatient chronic pain management model: factors impacting treatment outcomes." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1059200.
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Masters Research - Master of Philosophy (MPhil)Biopsychosocial factors are increasingly recognised as important factors in the treatment of chronic pain. This pilot study seeks to identify those psychosocial factors that impact successful treatment outcomes of chronic pain in patients attending a 2 week intensive pain management program. Treatment targeted beliefs, psychological distress (trauma, anxiety and depression), and disability associated with chronic pain. The DASS-21 and Chronic Pain Acceptance questionnaires administered prior to, at completion of, and at 12 weeks post treatment revealed a significant decrease in depression and a significant increase in pain acceptance respectively and maintained over the 12 weeks. The Pain Beliefs Questionnaire results showed significant change in pain beliefs post treatment, however, this was not maintained at 12 weeks post treatment. Outcomes related to biopsychosocial factors, with age positively correlating with gains in acceptance, and number of interventions attempted correlating with poorer reductions in depression. Changes in pain beliefs and maintenance of those changes had a relationship with the distress from previous interventions and surgery. However, of interest in this study were client factors influencing treatment outcomes for example hope, prior beliefs, and acceptance. Both qualitative and quantitative future studies would broaden our understanding of common factors impacting the management of chronic pain.