Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Bioréacteur'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Bioréacteur.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Caulet, Philippe. "Caractérisation hydrodynamique d'un bioréacteur pulsé pneumatiquement." Toulouse, INSA, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ISAT0036.
Full textBon, Saint Come Yémina. "Développement d’électrodes poreuses pour un bioréacteur pilote." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14370/document.
Full textThe present work deals with the development of the working electrode of an electrochemicalbioreactor. This device enables the green synthesis of high added value chemical compounds. As theelectrochemical synthesis is located at the interface of the working electrode, structural optimizationof this reactor key component is required in order to maximize the available active surface area.Elaboration of highly organized macroporous gold electrodes with a size required by the pilot reactordimensions were obtained with the Langmuir-Blodgett method that was used to assemble a colloidalcrystal as a template. The elaboration of the organized colloidal deposit is first followed by theelectrodeposition of the electrode material, then by the dissolution of the template. The immobilization of the complete bio-electrochemical system inside the electrode pores was investigated in order to prevent pollution of the final product medium by one of the catalytic chaincomponent. This also improves the device life time. Subsequently electrogenerated ultra-thin silicalayers and electrodeposited polymer matrices were studied in order to preserve and optimize the catalytic activity of the redox proteins. In order to enhance the electrocatalytic synthesis, mediatormodified gold nanoparticules were incorporated in the different immobilization matrices. This allowed to increase the area of the electrochemical interface. The combination of the nano-objectincorporation and electrode nano-structuring intensified by a factor of 170 the catalytic process
Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Entwicklung einer Arbeitselektrode für einenelektrochemischen Bioreaktor, der die umweltfreundliche Synthese von wertvollen chemischenKomponenten ermöglicht. Da die elektrochemische Synthese an der Oberfläche der Arbeitselektrodestattfindet, ist es nötig, den strukturellen Aufbau der Schlüsselkomponente des Reaktors zuoptimieren und die aktive Oberfläche der Elektrode zu erhöhen. Mit Hilfe der Langmuir-BlodgettTechnik wurden kolloidale Kristalle erzeugt, die als Template dienten, um hochgeordnetemakroporöse Goldelektroden, deren Dimensionen von dem Pilotreaktor bestimmt wurden,herzustellen. Nach dem Erzeugen von geordneten kolloidalen Filmen wurde der Zwischenraumzwischen den Partikeln mittels elektrochemischer Abscheidung gefüllt und das Templateanschließend chemisch aufgelöst. In der Folge wurde die Immobilisierung des komplettenbioelektrochemischen Systems im Poreninnenraum untersucht, mit dem Ziel eine Verunreinigung desReaktionsmediums durch eine der katalytischen Komponenten zu verhindern. Die Lebensdauer derElektrode kann so zusätzlich erhöht werden. Es wurde untersucht, inwieweit durch elektrogenerierteultra-dünne Silikaschichten oder durch Elektroabscheidung erzeugte Polymerfilme die katalytischeAktivität der Redoxproteine erhalten und weiter optimiert werden kann. Goldnanopartikel, die miteinem Mediator modifiziert wurden, wurden in die jeweilige Immobilisationsschicht integriert, mitdem Ziel die Effizienz der elektrokatalytischen Synthese zu erhöhen. Auf diese Weise konnte dieaktive elektrochemische Oberfläche der Elektrode weiter erhöht werden. Die Kombination aus einernanostrukturierten Elektrode und Nanoobjekten die in die Immobilisationsschicht eingebettetwurden, führte zu einer Signalerhöhung des katalytischen Prozesses um mehr als eineGrössenordnung
Bouhelassa, Mohammed. "Optimisation du transfert d'oxygène dans un bioréacteur Emulsair." Compiègne, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985COMPI189.
Full textBarrios-Martinez, Adriàn. "Biodégradation du phénol dans un bioréacteur à membranes." Aix-Marseille 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX30064.
Full textOil industry is one of the economic activities that had the strongest development. But unfortunately it is responsible for the production of several toxic products as phenols which can be found in the industrial wastewater. This work proposes the application of a Membrane Bio-reactor (MBR) to treat this type of effluents. However, the principal constraint is the inhibiting character of the phenolic compounds. An obligatory step of acclimatisation of the biomass to phenol is carried out starting from a bacteria! consortium. The experimental results show the feasibility of the treatment of phenol by a biomass acclimatised in a membrane bio-reactor and this with a remarkable stability over 285 days. This stability could be maintained thanks to the optimisation of the operation of MBR. The synthetic effluent contained a phenol high volumic load, up to 8. 5 gphenol. L-1J-1 and on average, 97 % of phenol and 95 % of the DCO could be degraded by a biomass having a typical concentration of a membrane bio-reactor (about 10 g. L-1)
Gosselin, Jérôme. "Contrôle adaptatif d'un bioréacteur cardiaque par algorithme génétique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27003.
Full textA proper functioning of the human heart is essential for maintaining a good quality of life. However, when the heart fails, some surgical procedures are necessary to prolong life expectancy. As part of a multidisciplinary project linking mechanical engineering to biomedical science, our team is working on the manufacture of heart valves entirely designed by tissue engineering. To achieve this, obtaining optimum mechanical properties is an important aspect for the biological tissues. To obtain these mechanical properties, an important tool was designed in a previous study : the cardiac bioreactor. Cardiac bioreactors allow the reproduction of the physiological environment of the heart, including flow and pressure conditions. It is crucial to properly control these conditions, as they play an important role in valvular substitutes conditioning. However, it is complex to simultaneously control both conditions effectively. This is why our team has focused on developing a new control strategy so that the bioreactor can reproduce as faithfully as possible the physiological environment. Several control techniques have been experimented so far. However, accuracy was generally limited. So, a new approach has been considered and is presented here. This new approach is based on a well-known optimisation technique that is still quite unusual for control: genetic algorithms. This promising approach has allowed us to produce unprecedented results for one of the two conditions, the physiological flow.
Ghouali, Amel. "Analyse et contrôle optimal d'un bioréacteur de digestion anaérobie." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS106/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the optimal control of an anaerobic digestor for maximizing its biogas production. In particular, using a simple model of the anaerobic digestion process, we derive a control law to maximize the biogas production over a period of time using the dilution rate D(.) as the control variable. Depending on initial conditions and constraints on the actuator, the search for a solution to the optimal control problem reveals very different levels of difficulty. In the first part, we consider that there are no severe constraints on the actuator. In particular, the interval in which the input flow rate lives includes the value which allows the biogas to be maximized at equilibrium. For this case, named WDAC (Well Dimensioned Actuator Case) we solve the optimal control problem using classical tools of differential equations analysis.Numerical simulations illustrate the robustness of the control law with respect to several parameters, notably with respect to initial conditions. We use these results to show that an heuristic control law proposed in the literature is optimal in a certain sense. The optimal trajectories are then compared with those given by a purely numerical optimal control solver (i.e. the "BOCOP" toolkit) which is an open-source toolbox for solving optimal control problems. When the exact analytical solution to the optimal control problem cannot be found, we suggest that such numerical tool can be used to intuiter optimal solutions.In the second part, the problem of maximizing the biogas production is treated when the actuator is under (-over) dimensioned. These are the cases UDAC (Under Dimensioned Actuator Cases) and ODAC (Over Dimensioned Actuator Cases). Then we solve these optimal problems using the Maximum Principle of Pontryagin
Dimitrov, Dimitar Stoyanov. "Bioréacteur à lit fluidisé inverse pour le traitement d'effluents." Lorient, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LORIS085.
Full textEmbedded systems have encountered a great development for the last number of years. But, while execution units keep getting faster and more efficient, memory technology doesn't really follow such improvements. The consequence of this performance gap between processor and memory is that memory has become the main bottleneck in terms of power consumption and access time. In this document we present a method to define an optimized memory hierarchy for Digital Signal Processing applications (DSP). It relies on a coarse grain analysis of the structured data manipulated by the application and it is part of the LESTER laboratory global strategy to design low power systems. Due to the high level of abstraction used, results can either be applied to hardware synthesis or software compilation. Our approach is based on two independent and complementary steps. First, a graphical representation is generated from the application; it brings out structured data dependencies. Analyzing this graph allows determining a set of possible data transfers amongst the future hierarchy. Then, the characteristics of these transfers, associated with a memory library, time and consumption metrics, and a solver tool are used to define the whole memory hierarchy as well as data movements to handle
Gauthier, Anne-Sophie. "Contribution à l'amélioration de la conservation cornéenne en bioréacteur." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCE011.
Full textSince the abandonment for logistical and health security reasons in the 70s-80 of fresh grafts whose longevity exceeded two decades, the technical storage was organized around two techniques of eye banking: hypothermia (short term storage) in the USA and organ culture (long term storage) in Europe. Besançon was a pioneer in France for this technique. Induced stromal edema associated with these passive techniques leads to a significant endothelial cell loss and reduces grafts survival, limits quality control and obstructs further developments such as pre-cut endothelial graft or endothelial bioengineering.The laboratory "Biology, Imaging and Engineering of the Corneal Graft (BiiGC, EA 2521, Jean Monnet University of St-Etienne) has developed an active storage system, the bioreactor, that limits corneal edema by restoring a pressure corneal gradient and circulation of the storage medium. Bioreactor makes possible to overcome these two major disadvantages and to implement the developments of the future.The aim of this thesis is to 1 / trace the evolution of storage and control techniques of corneal graft; 2 / review the evolution of corneal graft techniques / indications in France; 3 / document early endothelial cell loss related to passive conservation in organ culture; 4 / Compare organ culture versus bioreactor storage.Key words: corneal storage, eye bank, endothelial viability, organ culture, bioreactor, graft survival
Ladet, Sébastien. "Élaboration et étude des propriétés d'un bioréacteur multi-membranaire." Lyon 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LYO10005.
Full textThis work aims at the elaboration and the study of the physical properties of multi-membrane materials based on chitosan physical hydrogels. These materials were designed to be used as bioreactors for tissue engineering applications. These onion-like materials were elaborated from alcohol gels without any external cross-linking agent. This new architecture was obtained after optimization of the neutralization step. The study of the physico-chemical parameters occuring during the membrane formation allowed us to propose a mechanism of neutralization. The influence of the neutralization conditions on the multi scale morphology was observed by X-ray scattering / diffraction and électronic microscopy. This study allowed us to identify 3 characteristic morphologies. The mechanical properties of the membrane hydrogel were studied thanks to tensile tests. Finally the study of the behaviour of various cellular types embedded within the multi-membrane hydrogels allowed us to validate the bioactivity and the strong potential of this architecture as bioreactor
Jolicoeur, Mario. "Optimisation d'un procédé de production de champignons endomycorhiziens en bioréacteur." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0021/NQ46634.pdf.
Full textLebegue, Julie. "Aération et dynamique de colmatage en bioréacteur à membranes immergées : identification de grandeurs et phénomènes déterminants." Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20097.
Full textMembrane bioréactor, coupling bioreactions and porous membrane separation in a same unit, allows working with high biomass concentrations what improves bioreaction rates but penalizes the separation step. Integrated in a European Program (EUROMBRA), this work had as objective to study the influence of hydrodynamics induced by aeration on the membrane fouling dynamic. According to precedent works of the laboratory and the analyses of references, the objective was axed on the phenomenon analysis at three observation scales: irreversible biomass accumulation throughout the membrane bundle, analysis of the biofilm present on the membrane surface, importance of adsorbed molecules into membrane pores. Specific methodologies were carried out, lab scale pilots and analytical methods, notably for biofilm observations and identification of irreversible compounds fixed onto/into membrane (this part was developed in collaboration with the University of Technology of Sydney). Results show the importance of determining criteria (i) on the biological step such as solid retention time and organic load rate which determine concentrations of biomass and soluble microbial product in biological suspension and influence directly reaction rates but also membrane fouling dynamics and (ii) on the separation step, the role of aeration to control sludging and biofilm importance, wheras adsorption into the pores was not depending on aeration. Future researches can then be focused on identification of SMP in relation with biological conditions and their influence on biofilm structure and properties
Chagnon, Nicolas. "Développement d'un bioréacteur à écoulement radial pour la production d'acide propionique." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq25526.pdf.
Full textCôté, Martin. "Modélisation d'un bioréacteur à plateaux pour le traitement des eaux usées." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0005/MQ33604.pdf.
Full textBoudreau, Marie-Josée. "Développement d'un bioréacteur à garnissages pour la culture de racines transformées." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0020/MQ53562.pdf.
Full textCouet, Frédéric. "Contrôle d'un bioréacteur à perfusion pour la régénération du tissu vasculaire." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28452/28452.pdf.
Full textThe limited availability of autologous blood vessels for bypass surgeries (coronary or peripheral) and the poor patency rate of vascular prosthesis for the replacement of small diameter vessels (Ø < 6 mm) motivate researches in the domain of vascular tissue engineering. One of the possible strategies named functional tissue engineering aims to regenerate a blood vessel in vitro in a controlled environment. The objective of this thesis is to design a perfusion bioreactor and develop a control system able to dynamically interact with a growing blood vessel in order to guide and stimulate the maturation of the vascular construct. The principal question addressed in this work is: How to choose culture conditions in a bioreactor in the most efficient way? Two main challenges have been identified: first, the need to develop a better comprehension of the physical and biological phenomenon occurring in bioreactors; second, the need to influence and optimize vascular tissue maturation. A controller based on the concept of genetic programming was developed for real-time modeling of vascular tissue regeneration. Using the produced models, the controller searches an optimal culture strategy (circumferential strain, longitudinal shear stress and frequency of the pulsed pressure signal) by the mean of a Markov decision process solved by dynamic programming. Numerical simulations showed that the method has the potential to improve growth, safety of the process, and information gathering. The controller is able to work with common nonlinearities in tissue growth. Experimental results show that the controller is able to identify important culture parameters for the growth and remodelling of tissue engineered blood vessels. Furthermore, this bioreactor represents an interesting tool to study the evolution of the mechanical properties of a vascular construct during maturation.
Huppé, Nicolas. "Conception d'un bioréacteur pour l'étude mécanobiologique à long terme des tendons." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2007. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1384.
Full textElluard, Marie-Paule. "Etude d'un bioréacteur à membranes pour la culture de cellules animales." Toulouse, INPT, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPT014G.
Full textDelafosse, Angélique. "Analyse et étude numérique des effets de mélange dans un bioréacteur." Toulouse, INSA, 2008. http://eprint.insa-toulouse.fr/archive/00000238/.
Full textThis study is based on a observation : when the size of a bioreactor increases, the biological production performances tend to decrease for some industrial cultures. This decrease is due in part to the reduction of the mixing efficiency with the scale-up of the bioprocess. Thus, the aim of this thesis was to study the mixing process in a bioreactor and to analyse the interactions between mixing and biological reactions. The mixing study was performed using Computational Fluid Dynamics. Two kinds of simulation were used : a Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes simulation and a Large Eddy Simulation. The first step was to assess the numerical hydrodynamics of the two simulations from results obtained by Particule Image Velocimetry experiments in the impeller discharge of the stirred tank used. These first results have shown that the Large Eddy Simulation solve with an excellent accuracy the hydrodynamics, so the LES was used to caracterize mixing in the tank. The mixing of an inert scalar was followed to study the influence of the injection location on the mixing process. At the same time, a Lagrangian particle tracking was performed to study the variation of their microenvironment that can be observed by microorganisms
Couët, Frédéric. "Contrôle d'un bioréacteur à perfusion pour la régénération du tissu vasculaire." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/22956.
Full textThe limited availability of autologous blood vessels for bypass surgeries (coronary or peripheral) and the poor patency rate of vascular prosthesis for the replacement of small diameter vessels (Ø < 6 mm) motivate researches in the domain of vascular tissue engineering. One of the possible strategies named functional tissue engineering aims to regenerate a blood vessel in vitro in a controlled environment. The objective of this thesis is to design a perfusion bioreactor and develop a control system able to dynamically interact with a growing blood vessel in order to guide and stimulate the maturation of the vascular construct. The principal question addressed in this work is: How to choose culture conditions in a bioreactor in the most efficient way? Two main challenges have been identified: first, the need to develop a better comprehension of the physical and biological phenomenon occurring in bioreactors; second, the need to influence and optimize vascular tissue maturation. A controller based on the concept of genetic programming was developed for real-time modeling of vascular tissue regeneration. Using the produced models, the controller searches an optimal culture strategy (circumferential strain, longitudinal shear stress and frequency of the pulsed pressure signal) by the mean of a Markov decision process solved by dynamic programming. Numerical simulations showed that the method has the potential to improve growth, safety of the process, and information gathering. The controller is able to work with common nonlinearities in tissue growth. Experimental results show that the controller is able to identify important culture parameters for the growth and remodelling of tissue engineered blood vessels. Furthermore, this bioreactor represents an interesting tool to study the evolution of the mechanical properties of a vascular construct during maturation.
Ognier, Stéphanie. "Contribution pour le contrôle dynamique du colmatage en bioréacteur à membranes." Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20143.
Full textChoucha-Snouber, Leïla. "Développement d'un bioréacteur microfluidique hépato-rénal pour le criblage des xénobiotiques." Compiègne, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012COMP2005.
Full textThe aim of my thesis was to develop a liver-Kidney microfluidic bioreactor to test the toxicity of xenobiootics on the kidney. For that MDCKcells (kidney dog cells) were selected as the model. The study of the mechanisms of cell adaptability to the microenvironment and continuous flow showed that the cells proliferatein 3-D and have an inflammatory statute. The transcriptome analysis has allowed us to identify genes of the specific kidney functions and the phase I and II of metabolism. These results are supported by a proteomic profile. Thus the microconfinment and the flow are involved in maintaining functions of the renal cells, and adaptive response to the inflammatory condition. By the same experimental approach we have identified the main signaling pathways modulated by ifosfamide, an anticancer nephrotoxic drug metabolized by the liver. Thereby, our results allowed using the MDCK cells within a compound co-culture model with the liver model predetermined by the team. The co-culture of the two cell types allowed us to detect the metabolism of ifosfamide by the HepaRG (live cells) and the toxic effect of its metabolites on MDCK cells. Analysis of culture medium compounds by chromatography mass spectrometry show that the effect observed is due to chloroacetaldehyde, the nephrotoxic metabolite. Works of this thesis confirms the usefulness of our device as a means to evaluate the toxicity and/or the effectiveness of a drug, discover new therapeutic targets and identifying new biomarkers
Massot, Arnaud. "Epuration d'effluents de produits phytosanitaires par Bioréacteur à Membranes de Nanofiltration." Bordeaux 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR13551.
Full textCadi, Zouheïr. "Méthanisation en bioréacteur à membrane : application à un effluent de papeterie." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO19005.
Full textFigaro, Sarah. "Intégration d'un bioréacteur à lit fluidisé dans un circuit extracorporel monitoré." Thesis, Compiègne, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015COMP2202/document.
Full textThe need for new liver support devices is clearly felt to allow keeping alive patients waiting for a transplant. Treatments, based on the use of cells cultured in an adequate environment, may even allow the recovery of some patients suffering from acute liver failure and avoid graft and associated immunosuppressive therapies. A hepatic substitution could also be used to reestablish patients recently transplanted or who had underwent an hepatectomy.. The objective of the thesis was to design, create and validate of a new bioartificial liver with consideration for the regulatory requirements of the Advanced Therapies Medical Product (ATMP). This device has to include fluidized bed bioreactors perfused with plasma and hosting alginate-encapsulated hepatocytes spheroids. Microparticles of glass have been added to weight down alginate beads in order to have an optimal fluidization in pathological plasma without negative effects neither on cells metabolism nor on mechanical properties of the beads. A cellular culture method using non adhesive coating in Petri dish led to the production of a large amount of viable spheroids in vitro. These encapsulated spheroids can be kept alive and metabolically active in a fluidized bed bioreactor during a minimum of four days. To ensure the efficacy of the BAL and the safety of patients, a complex extracorporeal circulation was designed to be compatible with a commercial medical device, the Prismaflex® monitor of the company Gambro, already used in intensive care units. A preclinical study on sheeps has shown that the treatment was well tolerated in terms of hemodynamics considerations. The next step is the establishment of a study in a porcine model of liver failure, before we can proceed to the first clinical trial
Chtioui, Omar. "Production sélective de lipopeptides par Bacillus subtilis en bioréacteur à disques tournants." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10162/document.
Full textBacillus subtilis ATCC 21332 produces two families of lipopeptides (surfactins and fengycins/plipastatins) with different biological properties of interest. The productivity of fermentation process in batch or continuous conditions and bioreactors scale-up are limited by the problems of oxygen transfer limitation and foaming. This work presents a novel process of non-foaming production of lipopeptides in a rotating discs bioreactor and pertraction studies on the recovery of lipopeptides from fermentation broth. The improving production of lipopeptides by B. subtilis immobilized on solid supports enabled the implementation of an original bubbleless bioreactor for a selective production of lipopeptides. More than 1 g L-1 of lipopeptides was produced in this new rotating discs bioreactor. The oxygen transfer, a key factor for the metabolism of B. subtilis, was studied, also. In every studied configuration of bioreactor, the transfer of oxygen was strongly affected by the agitation conditions. At KLa in the range of 0.001-0.003 s-1, mainly fengycin was produced (up to 80% of total lipopeptides). The obtained high fengycin selectivity and the simplicity of the implementation of the rotating discs bioreactor suggest its potential scale-up. The extraction of lipopeptides by pertraction in a rotating discs contactor was studied, also. The obtained results on surfactin recovery by pertraction allow to consider this technique as suitable for lipopeptides extraction from fermentation broth
Kahn, Cyril. "Ingénierie tissulaire des ligaments : conception d'un bioréacteur et étude des propriétés mécaniques." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPL010N/document.
Full textTissue Engineering aims to fabricate bio-prostheses by regenerating or culture, in vivo or in vitro, tissues or organs. In the in vitro strategy, developing new tools such as bioréactors which allow the culture of cells or tissues under their specific mechanical solicitations is a huge point. Moreover, the last advances of this discipline in regeneration of tissues require new mechanical model allowing their evaluation and comparison to native tissue under physiological loading. Indeed, in order to obtain a good evaluation of their mechanical quality, it is important to be able to applied mechanical solicitations linked to physiological ones. As a first step, a bioreactor of ligament allowing the culture of cells under mechanical solicitations of cyclic traction-torsion was designed and developed. This bioreactor was sized to potentially obtain a bio-prosthesis comparable to native tissue in term of size (4 to 5 cm long). In a second time, a mechanical model was elaborated based on a thermodynamic formalism developed in our laboratory and the observation made on rabbit Achilles tendons. The goals of this model are to improve our knowledge on the mayor structures involved into the mechanical quality of theses tissues and to evaluate and optimise the scaffolds and neo-tissues of substitution
Ranava, David. "Etude d'un consortium microbien producteur d'hydrogène : de l'interaction inter-bactérienne au bioréacteur." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4700.
Full textIn nature microorganisms live in communities, in which the complementarity of their metabolism allows them to colonize less favourable ecological niches. Biodegradation of organic matter requires tight metabolic coupling between the different microorganisms involved, and constitutes an ideal model for studying the interactions between them, which are still not well established and require further characterization. Furthermore, deciphering the metabolic couplings established between the partners would allow optimization of this process for production of compounds of biotechnological interest, such as hydrogen. During the course of this work we have studied an artificial consortium constituted by Desulfovibris vulgaris Hildenborough sulphate-reducing bacterium, and Clostridium acetobutylicum a fermentative bacterium; both of them are found in natural consortia involved in biomass degradation. Microbiological, metabolic and microscopic approaches allowed us to show the existence of a physical interaction, with exchange of cytoplasmic molecules, between the two bacteria. This is associated with reorientation of the carbon flux in Clostridium acetobutylicum, resulting in increased hydrogen production. This behaviour is linked with the nutritional stress of D. vulgaris. Moreover, AI-2 type signal molecules produced in these conditions are crucial for the physical interaction between the two bacterial partners. An inhibitor produced by D. vulgaris in certain conditions has been discovered. This work has allowed us to acquire new knowledge about metabolic relations and physical interactions between bacteria involved in biomass degradation in a consortium
Chamam, Baha. "Traitement d'effluents textiles réel et synthétique (cassulfon CMR) par bioréacteur à membrane." Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20154.
Full textPen, Nakry. "Hydroxylation microbienne du méthane au sein d'une nouvelle configuration de bioréacteur à membranes." Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENCM0014.
Full textThis work aimed to develop and optimize a new configuration of membrane bioreactor (MBR) for an efficient and safe methane hydroxylation by the Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b bacterium. This BRM couples a bioreactor with two gas/liquid macroporous membrane contactors supplying continuously each gaseous substrate (methane and air) without generating any bubble in the bacterial suspension, avoiding thus the formation of an explosive methane/air gas mixture. In the first step, the feasibility and the reproducibility of this new bioprocess for the conversion of methane into methanol was demonstrated. In the one hand, the average productivity achieved in the MBR (75 ± 25 mg methanol.(g dry cell)-1.h-1) is twice higher than that obtained in a batch reactor operated with the same conditions, highlighting an increased mass transfer in the MBR. In the other hand, productivity obtained in this MBR is similar to the best productivities reported in the literature for reactors (either fed-batch or continuous) using gas bubble spargers and about 35-times better than the one reported for the only other MBR (with dense membranes) present in the literature. Secondly, a kinetic monitoring of the intrinsic hydroxylating activity of the biocatalyst confirmed that the methanol production stop observed after 14 hours of reaction matched a quasi-total loss of the biocatalyst activity. Several trials were conducted to understand the factors which may influence the bacterial hydroxylating activity, in order to find a way to increase the production time. These trials put in evidence that the production stop is caused by the end of life of the biocatalyst. In parallel to these studies, aiming to regenerate the NAD cofactor required for the reaction by a cheap and in situ way, several tests were conducted with an innovative bio-electrochemical device (biocathode) to replace the electrons from an electron donor (formate) by those from a weakly polarized metal. These trials showed the inability of this bacterium strain to use electrons from an electrode in the conditions of the reaction
Chevrier, Turbide Guillaume. "Optimisation des paramètres de fonctionnement d’un bioréacteur dans un procédé de tri-compostage." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2011. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/1052/1/CHEVRIER_TURBIDE_Guillaume.pdf.
Full textRodriguez, Susa Manuel. "Étude d'un bioréacteur anaérobie à membranes immergées pour le traitement des eaux résiduaires." Toulouse, INSA, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ISAT0050.
Full textAn anaerobic membrane bioreactor with membranes separation was studied as technological alternative for wastewater treatment. For the first time, anaerobic granular biomass was coupled with an immersed membrane system. The process was studied during 300 days at psychrophilic conditions (20°C). Hydraulic and particle characterization and were realized. At the end of operation the size and the methanogenic activity of anaerobic granules were maintained, showing the interest of immersed membrane system. Organic matter removal rate between 86% and 90% were obtained. The membrane filtration had a significant contribution on the organic matter removal, especially during the periods of biological instability. A very important effect of biological process on membrane fouling was observed. Soluble microbial products were showed as substances involved in the membrane fouling by adsorption. Finally, the transient accumulation of volatile fatty acids, indicating microbial products and suspended solids release, was suggested as a potential fouling index for the anaerobic process coupled at membranes
Abdelhay, Arwa. "Développement d'un bioréacteur biphasique pour la dégradation du phénanthrène par Mycobacterium 6PY1 sp." Grenoble INPG, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPG0121.
Full textThe overall objective outlined in the work of this thesis is to evaluate the potential of a two-phase partitioning bioreactor TPPB supplemented with an aeration system equipped with static mixers, for the biodegradation of phenanthrene (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon model). Preliminary steps were devoted to the physiological adaptation of the Mycobacterium sp. 6PY1 in sole subtrate system and to the optimisation of the operating conditions. The fundamental results gained in these preliminary steps were applied to phenanthrene degradation in the TPPB combined with the aeration system involving static mixers. It was found that this system is efficient for complete phenanthrene degradation. Furthermore, integrating static mixers in the indicated system enhances both the biodegradation rate by 15% and the biomass production by 21%
Bouhabila, El Hani. "Epuration d'eaux usées par bioréacteur aéré à membranes immergées : intéraction suspension floculée / membrane." Toulouse, INSA, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ISAT0023.
Full textClouzot, Ludiwine. "Etude du bioréacteur à membrane pour l'élimination de l'hormone synthétique 17[alpha]-éthinylestradiol." Aix-Marseille 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX30028.
Full textThe synthetic hormone 17[alpha]-ethinylestradiol (EE2) is an endocrine disrupter of great concern with fish feminization induced for concentrations as low as 0. 1 ngEE2. L-1. The hormone elimination by activated sludge (AS) from a wastewater treatment plant was shown to be only sorption. In order to improve EE2 purification, membrane bioreactor (MBR) was studied. Biodegradation abilities were create with nitrifying AS developed in MBR and thus EE2 purification was enhanced. Subsequently, MBR was applied to a wastewater synthetic substrate. Both configurations were tested (immersed and external ones) with sludge retention time fixed at fifty days. Hormone sorption was improved and biodegradation abilities were created. Therefore. MBR appeared as a hopeful solution to improve EE2 purification during biological wastewater treatment
Günther, Jan. "Caractérisation et optimisation des phénomènes de transfert dans un double bioréacteur à membranes." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPT047G/document.
Full textThis work presents a specific bioreactor previously designed to study microbial interactions. In this process, the microbial species in two tanks are physically separated by a microfiltration membrane. In order to give to the microorganisms a molecular environment in each compartment similar to the one that would be obtained if the microbial cells were cultivated in the same reactor, two criteria have to be considered: (i) the flow rates between compartments have to be sufficient with respect to the microbial kinetics and (ii) all the molecular compounds of the medium that have an effect on the microorganism behaviour must pass through the membrane. The main constrain is due to transfer of component limited by the fluid flow in and around the fiber of the filtration module. This thesis has therefore committed to deepening the understanding of the mechanisms limiting the transfer involved during the filtration of biological fluid complex according to operating conditions and geometric characteristics of the hollow fiber module of filtration. For this purpose, based on the choice of membrane module configuration proposed in this study, and to strive for a rational optimization of the use of this device, the study relied on the use of CFD tools, supplemented by an experimental approach conducted under models conditions. The numerical simulations of fluid flow have shown a modification of the axial filtration velocity profile with packing density. Similarly, a numerical model of cake deposit was developed and show difference of cake growth along the fiber with packing density. Two experimental hollow fiber modules with two packing densities were tested with clean water and biological fluid, and showed good agreement with the numerical data. These results underline the variations of filtration velocity along the fiber that will allow some predictions on fouling deposit to be done
Lemoine, Denis. "Conception et expérimentation de bioréacteurs à microorganismes immobilisés adaptés à la dénitrification biologique de l'eau." Rouen, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ROUE5028.
Full textLesage, Nicolas. "Etude d’un procédé hybride Adsorption / Bioréacteur à membranes pour le traitement des effluents industriels." Toulouse, INSA, 2005. http://eprint.insa-toulouse.fr/archive/00000294/.
Full textRengel, Ana. "Conception et analyses énergétique et environnementale d'un bioréacteur à microalgues pour la production d'énergie." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00631067.
Full textBon, Saint Côme Yémima [Verfasser], and Rolf [Akademischer Betreuer] Hempelmann. "Développement d’électrodes poreuses pour un bioréacteur pilote / Yémima Bon Saint Côme. Betreuer: Rolf Hempelmann." Saarbrücken : Saarländische Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1053724780/34.
Full textLamboursain, Laurence. "Contrôle de la germination lors de la production d'embryons somatiques de carotte en bioréacteur." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0003/MQ42912.pdf.
Full textFiset, Steve. "Étude de l'effet des gaz dissous sur la croissance de cellules végétales en bioréacteur." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0008/MQ60894.pdf.
Full textShi, Lin-Kui. "Bioréacteur airlift à boucle externe : hydrodynamique, transfert de matière et fermentation de Xanthomonas campestris." Toulouse, INPT, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPT045G.
Full textWisniewski, Christelle. "Etude du comportement de cultures mixtes en bioréacteur à membrane. Cinétiques réactionnelles et filtrabilité." Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20005.
Full textParvaresh, Firooze. "Étude et utilisation d'enzymes en phase gazeuse : mise au point d'un bioréacteur gaz-solide." Compiègne, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990COMPD311.
Full textElqotbi, Mohammed. "Application de la dynamique des fluides (CFD) à la modélisation d'un bioréacteur gaz-liquide." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10023.
Full textThis work, in its methodological progression, aims at validating and implementing the fluid dynamics contribution, both theoretical and numerical, to the fermentation processes in agitated vessels. Indeed, its contribution in other engineering fields, where material flows and transformations coexist, could arouse additional deep interest. The detailed description of the evolution of the reactor contents in the final analysis proposes the pattern that is realized during the industrial exploitation of the studied operation. The thesis thus presents an approach to a reactor performance during fermentation. Combining multiphase flow with its, inter-phase mass transfer kinetics and particularly with the reactive aspect of the latter is the subject of progressive integration leading to a model of "numerical fermentation". A statistical analysis over the bulk data collected in the course of such an operation allow to evaluate more than one characteristic, and to draw much useful information not only for the study in the stage of development of the process but also for the support of its productive exploitation. The flexibility of the data-processing tool thus developed initiates competition between this evaluation method for process simulation and the reality itself as far as such processes practised so far through laboratory models or pilot models are largely more expensive at more than one plane. The numerical methods adapted to such type of problems developed well in the last decade and the material that supports the calculation itself do not exclude employment of some modest means of acquisition. Not unlike chemical reaction engineering, biological reaction engineering would thus have the possibility to benefit of this nonintrusive technique of study excluding any economic or even ecological damage. -----------------------
Elqotbi, Mohammed. "Application de la dynamique des fluides (CFD) à la modélisation d'un bioréacteur gaz-liquide." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10023/document.
Full textThis work, in its methodological progression, aims at validating and implementing the fluid dynamics contribution, both theoretical and numerical, to the fermentation processes in agitated vessels. Indeed, its contribution in other engineering fields, where material flows and transformations coexist, could arouse additional deep interest. The detailed description of the evolution of the reactor contents in the final analysis proposes the pattern that is realized during the industrial exploitation of the studied operation. The thesis thus presents an approach to a reactor performance during fermentation. Combining multiphase flow with its, inter-phase mass transfer kinetics and particularly with the reactive aspect of the latter is the subject of progressive integration leading to a model of "numerical fermentation". A statistical analysis over the bulk data collected in the course of such an operation allow to evaluate more than one characteristic, and to draw much useful information not only for the study in the stage of development of the process but also for the support of its productive exploitation. The flexibility of the data-processing tool thus developed initiates competition between this evaluation method for process simulation and the reality itself as far as such processes practised so far through laboratory models or pilot models are largely more expensive at more than one plane. The numerical methods adapted to such type of problems developed well in the last decade and the material that supports the calculation itself do not exclude employment of some modest means of acquisition. Not unlike chemical reaction engineering, biological reaction engineering would thus have the possibility to benefit of this nonintrusive technique of study excluding any economic or even ecological damage. -----------------------
Gelbgras, Valérie. "Developpement d'un modèle à compartiments d'un bioréacteur lit-fixe utilisé en culture de cellules animales, en vue d'en étudier le design et la montée en échelle." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209813.
Full textLe lit-fixe du bioréacteur iCELLis est composé d’un empilement de porteurs maintenu entre deux grilles perforées. Ces porteurs sont utilisés comme support par les cellules au cours de la culture. Le bioréacteur est équipé d’un système de transfert gaz-liquide par film tombant afin d’oxygéner le milieu de culture en continu. Une pompe centrifuge plongée dans un bac d’immersion assure la circulation du milieu de culture à travers l’ensemble du bioréacteur. Les cultures se déroulent en trois phases :une phase d’adhérence des cellules aux porteurs du lit-fixe, une phase de croissance cellulaire et une phase de production.
Les avantages d’un bioréacteur lit-fixe sont nombreux :une concentration cellulaire élevée impliquant une productivité élevée, un petit volume de bioréacteur, une faible exposition des cellules aux contraintes de cisaillement, Les bioréacteurs lits-fixes présentent cependant certains inconvénients qui freinent leur développement à l’échelle industrielle. Le lit-fixe se présente comme un réacteur piston ce qui implique l’apparition de gradients de concentrations de cellule et d’espèces extracellulaires (nutriments et produits) le long du lit-fixe. L’intérieur du lit-fixe est également difficilement accessible au cours de la culture. Le suivi des concentrations de cellules et d’espèces dans cette zone est donc problématique.
Une modélisation globale du bioréacteur lit-fixe nous permet de mieux comprendre les différents phénomènes qui prennent place dans le bioréacteur. Grâce à cette modélisation, nous sommes donc capables d’identifier les phénomènes clés contrôlant le procédé et ainsi fournir des pistes de travail pour l’optimisation et la montée en échelle du bioréacteur, ceci sur base de critères rationnels.
Nous choisissons de développer un modèle à compartiments du bioréacteur lit-fixe. Dans ce type de modèle, le bioréacteur est représenté par un réseau de compartiments interconnectés. Nous définissons trois compartiments :un premier pour la pompe, un deuxième pour les cellules et le lit-fixe, et un troisième pour le système de transfert gaz-liquide.
Pour le premier compartiment, nous souhaitons caractériser divers paramètres identifiés comme pertinents pour une sélection adéquate de la pompe. Dans cette thèse, nous présentons une méthode pour caractériser ces paramètres pour une pompe de référence (celle du bioréacteur iCELLis) et pour une pompe en similitude géométrique à la pompe de référence (dans le but d’étudier la montée en échelle).
La pompe de référence est étudiée numériquement (grâce aux logiciels Gambit 2.4 et Fluent 6.3) et expérimentalement. Nous mettons en évidence les liens entre les paramètres de la pompe déterminés numériquement et ceux déterminés expérimentalement. Ces liens définissent notre modèle. En intégrant au modèle les résultats de la simulation numérique de l’écoulement du milieu de culture dans le bac d’immersion contenant la pompe en similitude géométrique à la pompe de référence, nous déterminons entièrement les paramètres recherchés de la seconde pompe sans avoir recours à un prototype. Ceci permet donc de tester différentes échelles avant de choisir la version finale de la seconde pompe.
Le deuxième compartiment du modèle caractérise les cellules et le lit-fixe. La sélection de certains paramètres opératoires dépend du métabolisme cellulaire. Nous souhaitons développer un outil de surveillance en ligne de l’évolution des concentrations de certaines espèces extracellulaires sur base de la connaissance de la concentration cellulaire dans le bioréacteur. Cet outil est développé sur base d’un modèle structuré du métabolisme des cellules animales. Dans un tel modèle, nous établissons des bilans de matière sur les espèces extra- et intracellulaires en considérant les voies métaboliques intracellulaires. Un paramètre requis pour l’emploi de cet outil est la connaissance de la concentration cellulaire au cours de la culture. Or, la surveillance de cette concentration est l’un d’un problème évoqué dans les bioréacteurs lits-fixes. Nous développons donc un modèle ségrégé de culture cellulaire en bioréacteur lit-fixe. Dans ce modèle, nous considérons l’entièreté du lit-fixe. Le modèle comprend différentes populations de cellules :les cellules en suspension dans le milieu au début de la culture et les cellules adhérentes au lit-fixe. Le modèle inclut une distribution spatiale de la concentration d’espèces extracellulaires dans le lit-fixe. Par conséquent, le modèle rapporte les gradients potentiels de concentration de cellules et d’espèces extracellulaires dans le lit-fixe.
Le troisième compartiment du modèle du bioréacteur caractérise le système de transfert gaz-liquide. L’oxygénation est très souvent un paramètre clé dans la conception d’un bioréacteur. Dans le bioréacteur iCELLis, le système de transfert gaz-liquide est un film liquide tombant turbulent. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons une méthode pour caractériser le transfert d’oxygène à travers ce type de film tombant. Notre méthode, basée sur une approche numérique (grâce à Gambit 2.4 et Fluent 6.3), est scindée en deux parties. Premièrement, nous calculons la forme de l’interface gaz-liquide. Une simulation de l'écoulement est réalisée avec le modèle Volume of Fluid (VOF). A partir de cette simulation, la forme de l'interface est traquée. Deuxièmement, la forme de l'interface est générée dans un nouveau domaine de calcul afin de simuler le transfert d’oxygène. Grâce à cette seconde simulation, le coefficient de transfert d’oxygène de la phase gazeuse vers le milieu de culture est déterminé. Grâce à notre méthode, nous caractérisons ce coefficient pour différentes conditions opératoires. Nous étudions notamment l’influence du débit et de la température du milieu de culture sur le coefficient de transfert d’oxygène.
Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Christophe, Gwendoline. "Etude de Fibrobacter succinogenes en bioréacteur anaérobie en vue de la dégradation de déchets végétaux." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00718166.
Full textImbeault, Nathalie. "Production d'acides gras par biodégradation anaérobie du perméat de lactosérum dans un bioréacteur en continu." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq25791.pdf.
Full textBoivin, Michel. "Modélisation de l'enlèvement des nutriments (N et P) dans un bioréacteur tertiaire à biomasse algale." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0013/MQ41857.pdf.
Full text