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Journal articles on the topic 'Bioreactor landfills'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 July 2024

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1

Oktiawan, Wiharyanto, Irawan Wisnu Wardhana, Endro Sutrisno, Domuanri Gorat, and Alfian Rizky Rizaldianto. "Municipal Solid Waste Management Using Bioreactor Landfill in the Treatment of Organic Waste from Jatibarang Landfill, Semarang-Indonesia." E3S Web of Conferences 125 (2019): 07002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912507002.

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Landfilling is one of the easiest methods to be applied in the management of municipal solid waste (MSW). In its development, bioreactor landfill methods that have various advantages over conventional landfill emerge. This experiment aims to study the use of bioreactor landfills for the management of organic waste in Jatibarang Landfill, Semarang-Indonesia. There are 4 bioreactor landfills operated: 2 anaerobic bioreactors with leachate recirculation and addition of water, and 2 aerobic bioreactors. Different results are shown from these two types of bioreactor, where aerobic bioreactors reach peak temperatures (55oC each) faster even though anaerobic bioreactors reach higher temperatures (60oC and 61oC respectively). Anaerobic bioreactors reach a higher final pH value than aerobes while the accumulation of nitrogen content from an aerobic bioreactor is 2 times higher than anaerobes.

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2

Wiharyanto, Oktiawan, Sutrisno Endro, and Hadiwidodo Mochtar. "Performance of Semi-Aerobic Solid Waste Bioreactor in relation to Decomposition Process and Biogas Production." E3S Web of Conferences 73 (2018): 07021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187307021.

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Solid waste which is sent to Jatibarang landfill in Semarang City can reach up to 4000 m3/day. The composition of solid waste consists of 61.95% of organic waste and 38.05% of inorganic waste. The environmental impacts of solid waste can be reduced using bioreactor methods which being able to accelerate the solid waste decomposition. Large amount of solid waste which is sent to Jatibarang landfill certainly has great potential to environment pollution. Therefore, a technology such as landfill bioreactor is needed to speed up the decomposition process of organic solid waste. Landfill bioreactors are characterized using a range of technologies in order to create an suitable environment for degradation processes. In this study four bioreactors simulated landfills that consist of hybrid bioreactors and anaerobic control bioreactors. The result shows that hybrid bioreactor has increases the decomposition process of organic solid waste. The hybrid bioreactor also produce more methane in subsequent anaerobes.

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3

Kim, J., and F. G. Pohland. "Process enhancement in anaerobic bioreactor landfills." Water Science and Technology 48, no. 4 (August 1, 2003): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0214.

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The development of bioreactor landfills originated with the recognition that the sequential acid and methane fermentation phases of anaerobic waste stabilization could be accelerated by leachate recirculation. Original studies suggested the potential for such a change in design and management of landfills receiving both municipal and industrial solid wastes, followed by both pilot- and full-scale bioreactor landfill demonstrations. The enhancement of waste transformation within controlled bioreactor landfills is addressed in terms of the sequential phases of waste stabilization, temporal and spatial distribution of leachate and gas generation patterns, mechanisms of conversion, and proposed process and operational modifications. Selected results from investigations on bioreactor landfills include co-treatment of organic and inorganic constituents and the use of dedicated treatment zones.

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4

Yaman, Cevat, Suriya Rehman, Tanveer Ahmad, Yusuf Kucukaga, Burcu Pala, Noor AlRushaid, Syed Riyaz Ul Hassan, and Ayse Burcu Yaman. "Community Structure of Bacteria and Archaea Associated with Geotextile Filters in Anaerobic Bioreactor Landfills." Processes 9, no. 8 (August 6, 2021): 1377. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9081377.

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Landfills are an example of an environment that contains highly complex communities of microorganisms. To evaluate the microbial community structure, four stainless steel pilot-scale bioreactor landfills with single- and double-layered geotextile fabric were used. Two reactors (R-1 and R-2) contained municipal solid waste (MSW) and sewage sludge, while the other two reactors (R-3 and R-4) contained only MSW. A single layer of geotextile fabric (R2GT3 and R3GT3) was inserted in the drainage layers of the two reactors (R-2 and R-3), while a double layer of geotextile fabric (R4GT2 and R4GT1) was inserted in one of the reactors (R-4). Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that biomass developed on the geotextile fabrics after 540 days of bioreactor operation. The metagenomics analyses of the geotextile samples by 16S rRNA gene sequencing indicated that the geotextile bacterial communities were dominated by the phyla Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Thermotogeae, while Proteobacteria were detected as the rarest bacterial phylum in all the geotextile samples. Treponema, Caldicoprobacter, and Clostridium were the most dominant anaerobic and fermentative bacterial genera associated with the geotextile fabric in the bioreactors. Euryarchaeota was the predominant archaean phylum detected in all the geotextile samples. In the archaeal communities, Methanosarcina, and Vadin CA11 were identified as the predominant genera. The diversity of microorganisms in landfill bioreactors is addressed to reveal opportunities for landfill process modifications and associated operational optimization. Thus, this study provides insights into the population dynamics of microorganisms in geotextile fabrics used in bioreactor landfills.

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5

Meegoda, Jay N., Ameenah Soliman, Patrick A. Hettiaratchi, and Michael Agbakpe. "Resource Mining for a Bioreactor Landfill." Current Environmental Engineering 6, no. 1 (March 27, 2019): 17–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2212717805666181031122517.

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Background: A new generation of the sustainable landfill is designed to achieve sustainable Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) management. It is hybrid anaerobic/aerobic biodegradation landfill followed by landfill mining. However, there is limited information on landfill mining, especially the criteria and process for the practitioner to determine the end of the landfill biodegradation to commence landfill mining. Objective: Hence the overall objective of this research was to develop a comprehensive resource mining plan for bioreactor landfills. </P><P> Method: When waste decomposition becomes slower or stopped, the landfill can be mined to recover resources and utilize the recovered space. The amount of the gas generated, landfill temperature and landfill settlement are indirect measures of landfill activity. Also, the concentration of cellulose (C), hemicelluloses (H), and lignin (L) can describe the biodegradable fractions of waste. Hence the biodegradation in landfills can be monitored by recording the change in methane production, temperature, settlement and the (C+H)/L ratio of waste. Once methane recovery is minimal, landfill reaches a maximum settlement and, ambient temperature plus the (C+H)/L value reaches a stable value of 0.25 indicating end of biodegradation. At this point landfill resources including compost material, non-recoverable waste, and recyclables such as plastics, metal and glass can be mined and recovered. Compost and recyclables can be sold at market value and the non-recovered waste with high energy content can be used as refuse-derived fuel. Once the landfill has been mined space can be reused thus eliminating the need to allocate valuable land for new landfills. </P><P> Result: The landfill mining detailed in this manuscript utilizes principles from single stream type recycling facilities to ensure feasibility. The first landfill will be excavated and screened to separate the biodegraded soil and compost fraction from the recyclables. Then the screened recyclable materials are transported for further processing in a single stream type separation facility where they will be separated, bundled and sold. Conclusion: A cost calculation was performed for the resource mining of Calgary Biocell and if the mined resources are sold at market values, then the mining of Calgary Biocell would generate approximately $4M.

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Lakshmikanthan, P., and GL Sivakumar Babu. "Performance evaluation of the bioreactor landfill in treatment and stabilisation of mechanically biologically treated municipal solid waste." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 35, no. 3 (December 15, 2016): 285–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x16681461.

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The potential of bioreactor landfills to treat mechanically biologically treated municipal solid waste is analysed in this study. Developing countries like India and China have begun to investigate bioreactor landfills for municipal solid waste management. This article describes the impacts of leachate recirculation on waste stabilisation, landfill gas generation, leachate characteristics and long-term waste settlement. A small-scale and large-scale anaerobic cell were filled with mechanically biologically treated municipal solid waste collected from a landfill site at the outskirts of Bangalore, India. Leachate collected from the same landfill site was recirculated at the rate of 2–5 times a month on a regular basis for 370 days. The total quantity of gas generated was around 416 L in the large-scale reactor and 21 L in the small-scale reactor, respectively. Differential settlements ranging from 20%–26% were observed at two different locations in the large reactor, whereas 30% of settlement was observed in the small reactor. The biological oxygen demand/chemical oxygen demand (COD) ratio indicated that the waste in the large reactor was stabilised at the end of 1 year. The performance of the bioreactor with respect to the reactor size, temperature, landfill gas and leachate quality was analysed and it was found that the bioreactor landfill is efficient in the treatment and stabilising of mechanically biologically treated municipal solid waste.

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Patil, Bhagwan Shamrao, Agnes Anto C, and Devendra Narain Singh. "Simulation of municipal solid waste degradation in aerobic and anaerobic bioreactor landfills." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 35, no. 3 (December 8, 2016): 301–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x16679258.

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Municipal solid waste generation is huge in growing cities of developing nations such as India, owing to the rapid industrial and population growth. In addition to various methods for treatment and disposal of municipal solid waste (landfills, composting, bio-methanation, incineration and pyrolysis), aerobic/anaerobic bioreactor landfills are gaining popularity for economical and effective disposal of municipal solid waste. However, efficiency of municipal solid waste bioreactor landfills primarily depends on the municipal solid waste decomposition rate, which can be accelerated through monitoring moisture content and temperature by using the frequency domain reflectometry probe and thermocouples, respectively. The present study demonstrates that these landfill physical properties of the heterogeneous municipal solid waste mass can be monitored using these instruments, which facilitates proper scheduling of the leachate recirculation for accelerating the decomposition rate of municipal solid waste.

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8

Warith, Mostafa A., and Graham J. Takata. "Effect of Aeration on Fresh and Aged Municipal Solid Waste in a Simulated Landfill Bioreactor." Water Quality Research Journal 39, no. 3 (August 1, 2004): 223–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2004.031.

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Abstract Municipal solid waste (MSW) is slow to stabilize under conventional anaerobic landfill conditions, demanding long-term monitoring and pollution control. Provision of aerobic conditions offers several advantages including accelerated leachate stabilization, increased landfill airspace recovery and a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. Air injection was applied over 130 days to bench-scale bioreactors containing fresh and aged MSW representative of newly constructed and pre-existing landfill conditions. In the fresh MSW simulation bioreactors, aeration reduced the average time to stabilization of leachate pH by 46 days, TSS by 42 days, TDS by 84 days, BOD5 by 46 days and COD by 32 days. In addition, final leachate concentrations were consistently lower in aerated test cells. There was no indication of a gradual decrease in the concentration of ammonia, and it is likely this high ammonia concentration would continue to be problematic in bioreactor landfill applications. This study focussed only on biodegradability of organics in the solid waste. The concentrations of the nonreactive or conservative substances such as chloride and/or heavy metals remain in the bioreactor landfills due to the continuous recirculation of leachate. The results of this study demonstrate the potential for air injection to accelerate stabilization of municipal solid waste, with greatest influence on fresh waste with a high biodegradable organic fraction.

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Jiang, Guobin, Dan Liu, Weiming Chen, Zhicheng Ye, Hong Liu, and Qibin Li. "Impact of vent pipe diameter on characteristics of waste degradation in semi-aerobic bioreactor landfill." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 35, no. 10 (August 19, 2017): 1064–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x17723979.

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The evolution mechanism of a vent pipe diameter on a waste-stabilization process in semi-aerobic bioreactor landfills was analyzed from the organic-matter concentration, biodegradability, spectral characteristics of dissolved organic matter, correlations and principal-component analysis. Waste samples were collected at different distances from the vent pipe and from different landfill layers in semi-aerobic bioreactor landfills with different vent pipe diameters. An increase in vent pipe diameter favored waste degradation. Waste degradation in landfills can be promoted slightly when the vent pipe diameter increases from 25 to 50 mm. It could be promoted significantly when the vent pipe diameter was increased to 75 mm. The vent pipe diameter is important in waste degradation in the middle layer of landfills. The dissolved organic matter in the waste is composed mainly of long-wave humus (humin), short-wave humus (fulvic acid) and tryptophan. The humification levels of the waste that was located at the center of vent pipes with 25-, 50- and 75-mm diameters were 2.2682, 4.0520 and 7.6419 Raman units, respectively. The appropriate vent pipe diameter for semi-aerobic bioreactor landfills with an 800-mm diameter was 75 mm. The effect of different vent pipe diameters on the degree of waste stabilization is reflected by two main components. Component 1 is related mainly to the content of fulvic acid, biologically degradable material and organic matter. Component 2 is related mainly to the content of tryptophan and humin from the higher vascular plants.

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10

Pohland, F. G., and B. Al-Yousfi. "Design and operation of landfills for optimum stabilization and biogas production." Water Science and Technology 30, no. 12 (December 1, 1994): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0594.

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Most municipal landfills are constructed and operated with exposure to intermittent rainfall. Infiltration of rainfall, together with the inherent moisture content of landfilled wastes, promotes leachate production and accelerates rates of conversion of waste constituents. As these conversion processes proceed, waste stabilization occurs, leachate quality changes, and biogas is released in correspondence with the prevailing phase of stabilization. The intensities and temporal and spatial dimensions of these phases are waste-specific, a function of landfill design and operational strategy employed, and characterized by changes in physical, chemical and biological indicator parameters. Recognizing that most landfills exist as microbially mediated anaerobic waste conversion processes, with the sequential phases of acid formation and methane fermentation accounting for the majority of waste stabilization being accomplished, a fundamental understanding of these two principal phases of landfill stabilization is provided and used as a basis for developing guidance for controlled landfill design and operation. This guidance emphasizes optimization of stabilization efficiency, establishes cost-effective procedures for leachate management, and promotes regulated biogas production and utilization. To accommodate these objectives, the benefits of converting landfills into controlled bioreactor systems through regulated leachate generation, containment, collection, and in situ recirculation for accelerated waste stabilization and integrated biogas management are described, and opportunities for ultimate leachate disposal, biogas utilization and landfill reclamation are illustrated and compared to relative costs of other management options.

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11

Barlaz, Morton A., and Debra Reinhart. "Bioreactor landfills: progress continues." Waste Management 24, no. 9 (January 2004): 859–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2004.09.001.

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12

Zhang, Peng, Hailong Liu, Xingyao Jiang, Hao Lv, Chunyi Cui, and Zhen Huyan. "Numerical Model of Leachate Recirculation in Bioreactor Landfills with High Kitchen Waste Content." Water 13, no. 13 (June 24, 2021): 1750. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13131750.

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Surface spraying, horizontal trenches, and vertical wells are the most common leachate recirculation system used at landfills in engineering practice. In order to quantify the efficiency of the three aforementioned recirculation systems, a hydro–biochem–mechanical-coupled model was developed in the present work, which can describe hydrodynamic and biochemical behaviors in food-waste-rich landfills. A typical landfill cell was modeled in COMSOL. The results indicate that leachate recirculation can accelerate the decomposition of municipal solid waste (MSW) with food-rich waste content, relieving acidification, improving gas generation efficiency, and consequently, increasing the early settlement in landfills.

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13

Sohoo, Ihsanullah, Marco Ritzkowski, Muhammad Sultan, Muhammad Farooq, and Kerstin Kuchta. "Conceptualization of Bioreactor Landfill Approach for Sustainable Waste Management in Karachi, Pakistan." Sustainability 14, no. 6 (March 13, 2022): 3364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14063364.

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Finding a sustainable approach for municipal solid waste (MSW) management is becoming paramount. However, as with many urban areas in developing countries, the approach applied to MSW management in Karachi is neither environmentally sustainable nor suitable for public health. Due to adoption of an inefficient waste management system, society is paying intangible costs such as damage to public health and environment quality. In order to minimize the environmental impacts and health issues associated with waste management practices, a sustainable waste management and disposal strategy is required. The aim of this paper is to present a concept for the development of new bioreactor landfills for sustainable waste management in Karachi. Furthermore, this paper contributes to estimation of methane (CH4) emissions from waste disposal sites by employing the First Order Decay (FOD) Tier 2 model of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and determining of the biodegradation rate constant (k) value. The design and operational concept of bioreactor landfills is formulated for the study area, including estimation of land requirement, methane production, power generation, and liquid required for recirculation, along with a preliminary sketch of the proposed bioreactor landfill. This study will be helpful for stockholders, policy makers, and researchers in planning, development, and further research for establishment of bioreactor landfill facilities, particularly in the study area as well as more generally in regions with a similar climate and MSW composition.

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Chinenyenwa, Anijiofor Sandra, Nik Daud Nik Norsyhariati, Idrus Syazwani, and Che Man Hasfalina. "Analyzing the Reuse Potentials of Landfilled Solid Wastes for Farm Water Treatment and Reuse." Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management 47, no. 3 (August 1, 2021): 417–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2021.417.

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The increasing solid waste management problems in developing countries necessitated landfill mining to determine the reuse potentials of landfilled solid waste materials. In this study, characterization of landfilled solid waste obtained from a closed landfill site in Malaysia was conducted to ascertain its reuse potentials for biodegradation in wastewater treatment. The results revealed adequate neutral pH, Moisture Content of 34 %, Organic Content of 10.4 % and Bacterial Population in terms of Total Coliform of 8.3 × 105 CFU/100 mL, which are ideal conditions for biodegradation while porosity n of 51%, allow free flow of water during treatment. The SEM showed irregular shapes and pore spaces and a BET surface area of 3.376 m 2 g-1 which enables adsorption of pollutants on its surface, air diffusion and re-aeration. Furthermore, the waste material was used as media for biodegradation in a lab-scale bioreactor at a hydraulic loading of 4 L m-3 d-1 and inflow rate of 0.1 L min-1. The results showed maximum removal rates of 95, 97, 86, 70, 70, and 98% for COD, BOD, TSS, TDS, NH3-N, and TP respectively. Utilization of this technology as bioreactor landfills will solve landfill congestion and also provide cheap wastewater treatment option.

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Prilindatami, Rimadhani, and Okik Hendriyanto Cahyonugroho. "Estimasi Emisi Gas Rumah Kaca (GRK) di TPA Benowo Menggunakan Model LandGem." JURNAL SAINS TEKNOLOGI & LINGKUNGAN 9, no. 4 (December 28, 2023): 710–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jstl.v9i4.518.

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Greenhouse gases (GHG) are one of the dangerous gases that cause global warming. Greenhouse gases include methane gas and carbon dioxide. In large quantities, this gas can cause damage to the atmosphere. Greenhouse gas emissions are dominated by waste management activities at landfills. Benowo Landfill is one of the Landfills that manages the waste of the residents of Surabaya City. The more waste that is piled up in the landfill, the more gas is produced. So it is necessary to estimate the occurrence of methane gas and carbon dioxide gas in landfills. LandGem is a model that is able to estimate greenhouse gases that will appear in landfills. In this research, greenhouse gas estimates were carried out at the Benowo landfill using 3 scenarios. This scenario is applied to determine the influence of weather (k value) on the landfill. The results showed that scenario 3 which uses a k value of 0.7 (wet area) has the highest estimate of methane and carbon dioxide compared to the other scenarios, namely 6.801 x 107 m3/year. This happens because the k value means that the landfill area has high rainfall and there is a bioreactor or leachate circulation system. This value is considered a good value for bacterial growth in landfills.

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Khire, Milind V., and Krishna R. Reddy. "Special Issue on Bioreactor Landfills." Journal of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste 17, no. 4 (October 2013): 252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)hz.2153-5515.0000200.

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Price, G. Alexander, Morton A. Barlaz, and Gary R. Hater. "Nitrogen management in bioreactor landfills." Waste Management 23, no. 7 (January 2003): 675–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0956-053x(03)00104-1.

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Pohland, F. G., and J. C. Kim. "In Situ Anaerobic Treatment of Leachate in Landfill Bioreactors." Water Science and Technology 40, no. 8 (October 1, 1999): 203–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0422.

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Landfills often serve as ultimate receptors for residential, commercial and industrial wastes. Both hazardous and nonhazardous wastes may be codisposed, but with potential threats to public health and the environment if not properly managed. Therefore, an understanding of the fundamental attenuating mechanisms determining mobilization and potential transport and fate of codisposed waste constituents is needed to direct the selection of appropriate landfill operational and management strategies. By focusing on changes in leachate and gas characteristics during codisposed loadings of organic and inorganic hazardous wastes, the potential treatment capacity of bioreactor landfills with leachate containment and in situ recirculation could be demonstrated.

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Sandoval-Cobo, John, Diana Caicedo-Concha, Luis Marmolejo-Rebellón, Patricia Torres-Lozada, and Johann Fellner. "Evaluation of Leachate Recirculation as a Stabilisation Strategy for Landfills in Developing Countries." Energies 15, no. 17 (September 5, 2022): 6494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15176494.

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This study evaluated leachate recirculation (LR) as a stabilisation strategy for landfills using bioreactor experiments with excavated waste from a tropical landfill in Colombia. The experimental evaluation was performed in two 115 L bioreactors, one simulating the operation of a landfill with LR, Br2, where the leachate produced was recirculated at a rate of 0.8 L d−1, and a control system without LR, Br1. Both systems reached stabilisation indicator values on a dry matter (DM) basis for volatile solids VS (<25% DM) and a biochemical methane potential BMP (≤10 mL CH4 g−1 DM). Likewise, towards the end of the experiment, the leachate generated in Br2 reached stabilisation indicator values for BOD5 (<100 mg L−1) and the BOD (biological oxygen demand)/COD (chemical oxygen demand) ratio (<0.1). Although the stabilisation criterion for COD was not met in any bioreactor (<200 mg L−1), LR helped to release 19% more oxidisable organic matter in Br2 than in Br1, indicating a reduction in the contaminating potential of the waste in the case of uncontrolled discharges of leachate to the environment. Regarding biogas production, the generation of CH4 in Br2 was more intense and its cumulative production was 34.5% higher than Br1; thus, Br2 achieved CH4 emission rates, indicating waste stabilisation (<1.0 L CH4 m−2 h−1) sooner than Br1, showing an accelerating effect of LR on waste degradation. A carbon mass balance indicated that waste degradation, in terms of the initial total organic carbon mineralisation and the C gas discharge via CH4, was greater in Br2. These results demonstrate the LR potential to accelerate the stabilisation of a landfill but also to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in final disposal sites where biogas is also captured and utilised for energy production; a key aspect when improving the sustainability of landfill operations in developing countries.

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Rodrigo-Ilarri, Javier, María-Elena Rodrigo-Clavero, and Eduardo Cassiraga. "BIOLEACH: A New Decision Support Model for the Real-Time Management of Municipal Solid Waste Bioreactor Landfills." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 5 (March 4, 2020): 1675. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051675.

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This paper introduces BIOLEACH, a new decision support model for the real-time management of municipal solid waste bioreactor landfills that allows estimating the leachate and biogas production. Leachate production is estimated using an adaptation of the water balance equation which considers every hydrological component and the water consumed by anaerobic organic matter degradation to create biogas and the leachate recirculation flows pumped from the landfill pond under a bioreactor management scheme. Landfill gas production is estimated considering the leachate formation process as a coupled effect through the production or consumption of water. BIOLEACH uses waste production and climate data at monthly scale and computes leachate production accounting for the actual conditions inside the waste mass. Biogas production is computed simultaneously, considering the available water to adjust the chemical organic matter biodegradation. BIOLEACH is a valuable bioreactor managing tool as it allows calculating the recirculation volume of leachate that ensures optimal moisture conditions inside the waste mass and therefore maximizing biogas production. As an illustrative example of a BIOLEACH application, the model has been applied to a real landfill located in Murcia Region (Spain) showing the economic and environmental benefits derived from leachate superficial recirculation.

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Sohoo, Ihsanullah, Marco Ritzkowski, Jinyang Guo, Kiran Sohoo, and Kerstin Kuchta. "Municipal Solid Waste Management through Sustainable Landfilling: In View of the Situation in Karachi, Pakistan." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 2 (January 11, 2022): 773. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19020773.

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Open disposal is the most common technique used for municipal solid waste (MSW) management due to the absence of sanitary landfills in Pakistan. The major cities and small towns in Pakistan have become a showcase of negligence and mismanagement of MSW, which results in deterioration of the environmental and social-life quality. Moreover, research has proved that inefficient handling (disposal) of MSW results in uncontrolled emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs), mainly methane, and adds a significant share in global climate change. This study aims to estimate methane emissions from MSW disposed of at dumpsites and compare the GHG mitigation potential of different landfill strategies in specific climate and waste compositions in Karachi. The GHG estimations are based on lab-scale investigations conducted by simulating landfill conditions through the landfill simulation reactor (LSR) experiment. The synthetic MSW sample representing the composition of MSW generated in Karachi was used in the LSR experiment. Environmental sustainability and GHG mitigation potential of different landfilling strategies was evaluated by analyzing gas formation potential (GP21) and respiration activity (RI4) at the end of the experiment. This study revealed that the quantity of solid waste annually disposed of at dumpsites in Karachi possesses the potential to release about 3.9 Mt CO2-eq. methane (with specific methane potential of 1.8 tCO2-eq./tonne DM disposed) due to the biological decomposition of the organic fraction. Results show that the fresh waste disposed of at landfill sites in Karachi possesses about 92% and 94% higher GP21 and RI4, respectively, than the German allocated criteria for mechanically and biologically treated (MBT) waste for landfills Furthermore, sanitary landfills with post-aeration conditions showed higher GHG mitigation potential and low biological activity in the waste. The second highest GHG mitigation potential and lowest biological activity of the waste was noticed from bioreactor landfills with post-aeration conditions. The third number in GHG mitigation and reduced waste activity was noticed in the waste sampled from bioreactors without aftercare approach. The least GHG mitigation potential was noticed from the uncontrolled waste dumping (existing) approach with high residual gas potential and respiration index level. This lab-scale landfill simulation study can provide baseline data for further research and planning the development of new sustainable landfills in Karachi, Pakistan and in the region.

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Varga, Gabriella. "Some geotechnical aspects of bioreactor landfills." Periodica Polytechnica Civil Engineering 55, no. 1 (2011): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/pp.ci.2011-1.05.

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Tolaymat, Thabet, Hwidong Kim, Pradeep Jain, Jon Powell, and Timothy Townsend. "Moisture Addition Requirements for Bioreactor Landfills." Journal of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste 17, no. 4 (October 2013): 360–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)hz.2153-5515.0000184.

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Xu, Qiyong, Jon Powell, Thabet Tolaymat, and Timothy G. Townsend. "Seepage Control Strategies at Bioreactor Landfills." Journal of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste 17, no. 4 (October 2013): 342–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)hz.2153-5515.0000185.

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Warith, Mostafa. "Bioreactor landfills: experimental and field results." Waste Management 22, no. 1 (January 2002): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0956-053x(01)00014-9.

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Zhang, Huijie, Jie Heng, Dongsheng Jeng, and Haixia Xu. "Effects of Bonded Tyres on Leachate Recirculation of Bioreactor Landfills." Open Civil Engineering Journal 11, no. 1 (July 19, 2017): 552–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874149501711010552.

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Introduction: In bioreactor landfills, leachate recirculation significantly influences the process of stabilization and the stability of slope. Method: To speed up the leachate recirculation and reduce its adverse impact on slope stability, this paper proposes a new method which constructs a spatial net consisted of bonded whole tyres in the municipal waste during landfilling. Results and Conclusion: In this study, a numerical two-permeability flow model was used to investigate the effects of tyres embedding on the outflow rate of leachate injection. Furthermore, it was coupled with momentum balance equations to determine the local factor of safety of slope stability. The established model was applied to a simplified bioreactor landfill. The simulation results demonstrated that the tyre net can accelerate the rate of leachate injection and contribute to distribute the liquid more uniformly. Meanwhile, the slope stability was improved due to the enforcement of waste in the presence of tyres.

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Byun, Byungkwon, Incheol Kim, Garam Kim, Jongwan Eun, and Junhwan Lee. "Stability of bioreactor landfills with leachate injection configuration and landfill material condition." Computers and Geotechnics 108 (April 2019): 234–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2019.01.006.

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28

Pohland, F. G., and J. C. Kim. "Microbially mediated attenuation potential of landfill bioreactor systems." Water Science and Technology 41, no. 3 (February 1, 2000): 247–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0078.

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The origin and fate of landfill leachate and gas constituents generated during the sequential phases of solid waste transformation and stabilization are emphasized within the perspective of the in situ processes of microbially mediated attenuation. The fundamental biochemical and physicochemical reaction mechanisms are presented in terms of their spatial and temporal dimensions and their significance for transformation of both nonhazardous and hazardous waste constituents. Supporting information from laboratory, pilot-scale and full-scale applications is used as a basis for interpretive analysis and for providing operational guidance and promoting future developments. The diversity, domains, and functional interdependence of the acidogenic, methanogenic, sulfate and nitrate reducing, nitrifying and denitrifying, and methanotrophic consortia are addressed in order to reveal opportunities for landfill process modifications and associated operational optimization. Controlled attenuation, linked with operational and regulatory realities, are used to suggest innovative landfill configurations involving prospective compartmentalization and integrated waste loading, dedicated treatment zones for in situ transformation of waste and leachate constituents with associated gas capture, control and utilization. Monitoring requirements are emphasized to provide guidance and feedback for operational control and environmental compliance. Finally, technology needs for establishing a more unified approach to the development and management of bioreactor landfills are presented.

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29

Wang, James Y., and Cindy D. Wu. "Biodegradation of Chlorinated Solvents in Bioreactor Landfills." Practice Periodical of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste Management 8, no. 2 (April 2004): 84–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1090-025x(2004)8:2(84).

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30

Berge, N. D., D. R. Reinhart, and T. G. Townsend. "The Fate of Nitrogen in Bioreactor Landfills." Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology 35, no. 4 (July 2005): 365–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10643380590945003.

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31

Benson, C. H., M. A. Barlaz, D. T. Lane, and J. M. Rawe. "Practice review of five bioreactor/recirculation landfills." Waste Management 27, no. 1 (January 2007): 13–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2006.04.005.

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32

Kulkarni, Hanumanth S., and Krishna R. Reddy. "Moisture Distribution in Bioreactor Landfills: A Review." Indian Geotechnical Journal 42, no. 3 (June 16, 2012): 125–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40098-012-0012-8.

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33

Solisio, C., A. P. Reverberi, A. Del Borghi, and V. G. Dovi'. "Inverse Estimation of Temperature Profiles in Landfills Using Heat Recovery Fluids Measurements." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2012 (2012): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/747410.

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In addition to leachate and gas emission analysis, temperature variations in municipal solid waste landfills are routinely monitored for safety and health reasons, such as the increased production of biogas or the danger of spontaneous combustion phenomena if the temperature exceeds 70–75°C. The increasing constraints on greenhouse gas emissions and the convenience of fuel and heat recovery have helped develop a global approach to landfills' operation and maintenance, generally referred to as bioreactor landfill management. The heat recovery piping we are presently designing can be a significant part of this approach. The heat gained by a fluid circulated in a closed network through the landfill is transferred to an external heat exchanger or used directly as warm water. Additionally, it can help reduce landfill temperature levels and control biogas generation. Since the pipes diameter is large enough to allow for a radial temperature gradient, this information can be used for an inverse estimation of the temperature profile in the landfill which constitutes the boundary conditions of the resulting heat transfer problem. In this paper, we describe an algorithm for regularising the resulting ill-posed free boundary estimation problem using sampled data of the heat recovery fluid on exiting the landfill.

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34

Dumont, Gaël, Tanguy Robert, and Frédéric Nguyen. "Electrical resistivity tomography and distributed temperature sensing monitoring to assess the efficiency of horizontal recirculation drains on retrofit bioreactor landfills." GEOPHYSICS 83, no. 2 (March 1, 2018): B13—B23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2016-0622.1.

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In bioreactor landfills, the recirculation of water can accelerate biodegradation and increase gas production. The dedicated infrastructure aims at increasing wastewater content over a wide area, with a long-lasting effect. To assess the efficiency of horizontal drains in bioreactor landfills, we use electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and distributed temperature sensing (DTS) to monitor two injection experiments. The first monitoring experiment focuses on image resolution and takes advantage of a pseudo 3D ERT data set. This technique successfully highlights the waste horizontal anisotropy and the crucial role of existing gas wells, acting as vertical preferential flow paths. The observations are supported by borehole temperature logging. The second monitoring experiment focuses on temporal resolution and requires repeated 2D ERT measurements. The hourly acquisition frequency offers better insight on the water-flow dynamics, such as the flow direction and velocity and the water retention trough time. Temperature logging along the horizontal drain indicates that the injected water is distributed over the entire drain length. Altogether, the two recirculation experiments inform us on the suitability of large horizontal drains for water recirculation on bioreactor landfills. In conclusion, the two geophysical tools provide essential information to determine the most appropriate water-injection protocol in terms of frequency, volume, and flow rate.

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Reddy, Krishna R., Rajiv K. Giri, and Hanumanth S. Kulkarni. "Validation of Two-Phase Flow Model for Leachate Recirculation in Bioreactor Landfills." Journal of Waste Management 2014 (August 20, 2014): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/308603.

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A numerical two-phase flow model is presented to determine the moisture distribution and pore water and gas pressures within unsaturated municipal solid waste (MSW) in bioreactor landfills during leachate recirculation. The numerical model used is the Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua (FLAC), which is based on finite difference approach. The model governing equations and mathematical formulations is briefly explained. Validation of the model is examined by simulating the published laboratory and field studies and published modeling studies. Overall, the two-phase flow model is found to produce results comparable with those of the published studies. This assures that the model can be used for the prediction of moisture distribution and for the rational design of leachate recirculation systems in bioreactor landfills.

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Hettiarachchi, Chamil H., Jay N. Meegoda, John Tavantzis, and Patrick Hettiaratchi. "Numerical model to predict settlements coupled with landfill gas pressure in bioreactor landfills." Journal of Hazardous Materials 139, no. 3 (January 2007): 514–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.02.067.

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37

Kim, Junchul, and Frederick G. Pohland. "DEVELOPMENT OF BIOREACTOR LANDFILLS WITH DEDICATED TREATMENT ZONES." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2001, no. 6 (January 1, 2001): 150–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864701784291785.

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38

Chembukavua, Agnes Anto, Arif Mohammada, and Devendra Narain Singhb. "Bioreactor Landfills in Developing Countries: A Critical Review." Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management 45, no. 1 (November 1, 2019): 21–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5276/jswtm.2019.21.

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39

Joseph, Kurian, S. Esakku, and R. Nagendran. "Mining of compost from dumpsites and bioreactor landfills." International Journal of Environmental Technology and Management 7, no. 3/4 (2007): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijetm.2007.015149.

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40

Onay, Turgut T., and Frederick G. Pohland. "In situ nitrogen management in controlled bioreactor landfills." Water Research 32, no. 5 (March 1998): 1383–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0043-1354(97)00392-8.

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41

Khire, Milind V., and Moumita Mukherjee. "Leachate injection using vertical wells in bioreactor landfills." Waste Management 27, no. 9 (January 2007): 1233–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2006.07.010.

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42

Cao, Ben-Yi, Shi-Jin Feng, and An-Zheng Li. "CFD Modeling of Anaerobic–Aerobic Hybrid Bioreactor Landfills." International Journal of Geomechanics 18, no. 7 (July 2018): 04018072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)gm.1943-5622.0001192.

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43

Haydar, Mazen M., and Milind V. Khire. "Leachate Recirculation Using Horizontal Trenches in Bioreactor Landfills." Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 131, no. 7 (July 2005): 837–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1090-0241(2005)131:7(837).

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44

Berge, Nicole D., Debra R. Reinhart, and Eyad S. Batarseh. "Strategy for Complete Nitrogen Removal in Bioreactor Landfills." Journal of Environmental Engineering 133, no. 12 (December 2007): 1117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9372(2007)133:12(1117).

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45

NAIR K., DEEPA, ZACHARIAH E.J, VINOD P., GIRIJA K., SALOM GNANA THANGA VINCENT, RESHMI R.R., JUNAID HASSAN SALAHUDEEN, and NADIYA NOORJAHAN. "ENHANCED IN-SITU REDUCTION OF LEACHATE PARAMETERS DUE TO AERATION AND LEACHATE RECIRCULATION IN PILOT SCALE MSW BIOREACTOR LANDFILL MODELS IN TROPICAL CLIMATE." Pollution Research 42, no. 04 (2023): 463–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/pr.2023.v42i04.009.

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The processes for optimizing toxicity removal of leachate from pilot scale Municipal Solid Waste bioreactor landfills were attempted. Landfill models were simulated in Fibre Reinforced Plastic tanks of size 1.5m x 1.0m x 1.0m by applying interventions like aeration and leachate recirculation. It was found that the Chemical Oxygen Demand and Biochemical Oxygen Demand values increased till 46th week after which the values started reducing. On 89th week after closure of landfill, the aerobic landfill model showed the minimum values for COD (10,200 mg/l) and both anaerobic and aerobic models with leachate recirculation had the lowest BOD (4934 mg/l). By 116th week the least concentrations of COD and BOD were in anaerobic landfill model with leachate recirculation (64 and 22 mg/l). Ammonia Nitrogen was the least in aerated model with leachate recirculation by 116th week from closure (281 mg/l). Conductivity was less in the landfill models with leachate recirculation (4.2 and 5 mS/cm for anaerobic and aerobic respectively).

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46

P, Latha, Dr Jaya V, and Mohammed Iqbal Thayyil. "Assessment of Sewage Sludge and Coir Pith as Alternative Cover Materials to Red Soil in Bioreactor Landfills." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 11, no. 5 (June 30, 2022): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.e3506.0611522.

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This study assessed the performance of sewage sludge and coir pith as a potential alternative to virgin red soil as cover material in bioreactor landfills. Three field scale models of anaerobic bioreactor landfills were set up so as to study the performance of the cover materials on leachate generation time, quality and quantity. In one reactor (R1), red soil was used as the cover and was kept as control. In the other two reactors (R2 and R3), modified sewage sludge and coir pith were used as the cover materials, respectively. The leachate produced from each were analyzed based on its quality (Total Solids, pH, BOD, COD, Nitrate and Iron), quantity and generation time. Red soil provided respectively 41.08% and 25.5% reduction in BOD than modified sewage sludge and coir pith. However, coir pith showed better performance in reduction of leachate quantity, total solids, nitrate and iron, thus making it suitable for use as an alternate cover material.

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47

Grossule, Valentina, Luca Morello, Raffaello Cossu, and Maria Cristina Lavagnolo. "BIOREACTOR LANDFILLS: COMPARISON AND KINETICS OF THE DIFFERENT SYSTEMS." Detritus In Press, no. 1 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.31025/2611-4135/2018.13703.

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48

Somathilake, M. K. P. T., and J. P. A. Hettiaratchi. "Struvite Formation in Leachate Recirculation Pipes of Bioreactor Landfills." Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management 38, no. 4 (November 1, 2012): 291–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5276/jswtm.2012.291.

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49

Hong-jun, Sun, Cao Bin, and Zhao Li-hong. "Experimental Study of Primary Compression Settlement of Bioreactor Landfills." Open Civil Engineering Journal 9, no. 1 (October 29, 2015): 1012–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874149501509011012.

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A set of primary compression settlement apparatus was designed in order to evaluate the compression characteristic of bioreactor landfill and forecasting primary compression settlement of garbage body under load. The primary compression settlement test of landfill was conducted by this apparatus in laboratory. Three groups of parallel tests were carried out. When daily average settlement is less than 0.1 cm, the test is over. At the end of the test, the primary compression settlement reached 68%, 63% and 60% of a total settlement respectively. Test showed that domestic garbage is a highly compressibility material. There exists the direct relation between primary compression settlement and initial dry density. Simultaneously, the compression settlement rate decreases with load increasing.

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Rendra, S., M. A. Warith, and L. Fernandes. "Degradation of Municipal Solid Waste in Aerobic Bioreactor Landfills." Environmental Technology 28, no. 6 (June 2007): 609–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09593332808618822.

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