Academic literature on the topic 'Bioremediation ex situ'
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Journal articles on the topic "Bioremediation ex situ"
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Steffan, Robert J., Joseph Quinnan, Matthew Walsh, Stewart H. Abrams, Simon Vainberg, Charles Condee, A. Paul Togna, and Paul B. Hatzinger. "IN SITU AND EX SITU APPROACHES FOR MTBE BIOREMEDIATION." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2000, no. 10 (January 1, 2000): 225–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864700784545432.
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Lin, Ta-Chen, Po-Tsen Pan, and Sheng-Shung Cheng. "Ex situ bioremediation of oil-contaminated soil." Journal of Hazardous Materials 176, no. 1-3 (April 15, 2010): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.10.080.
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Guerin, Turlough F. "Ex-situ bioremediation of chlorobenzenes in soil." Journal of Hazardous Materials 154, no. 1-3 (June 2008): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.09.094.
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Hatzinger, Paul B., M. Casey Whittier, Martha D. Arkins, Chris W. Bryan, and William J. Guarini. "In-Situ and Ex-Situ Bioremediation Options for Treating Perchlorate in Groundwater." Remediation Journal 12, no. 2 (March 2002): 69–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rem.10026.
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Wadgaonkar, Shrutika L., Alberto Ferraro, Yarlagadda V. Nancharaiah, Karaj S. Dhillon, Massimiliano Fabbricino, Giovanni Esposito, and Piet N. L. Lens. "In situ and ex situ bioremediation of seleniferous soils from northwestern India." Journal of Soils and Sediments 19, no. 2 (June 23, 2018): 762–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11368-018-2055-7.
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Rajamohan, N., R. Manivasagan, and F. Al Fazari. "Treatment of Diesel Oil Contaminated Soil by Ex-situ Bioremediation." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 9, no. 4 (August 10, 2019): 4334–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.2700.
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Treatment of oil-polluted soil is a challenging problem faced by all refineries and petrochemical industries. In this research study, bioremediation of diesel oil contaminated soil was conducted for diesel concentration ranging from 5% to 20%. The physicochemical characteristics of diesel oil contaminated soil were studied. The effects of soil amendments, namely coconut ash powder, biofilter activated sludge, and NPK fertilizer, on total petroleum hydrocarbon removal efficiency were studied. The maximum total petroleum hydrocarbon removal efficiency achieved was 94.5% when 4g NPK, 40g of activated sludge and 40g of coconut ash powder per 1000g of contaminated soil were used. The studies on the effect of temperature confirmed the optimal temperature as 35°C. The parametric studies confirmed that the degradation efficiency decreased with increase in diesel oil concentration.
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Prpich, George P., Rachel L. Adams, and Andrew J. Daugulis. "Ex situ bioremediation of phenol contaminated soil using polymer beads." Biotechnology Letters 28, no. 24 (September 29, 2006): 2027–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10529-006-9189-1.
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Larsen, Sille Bendix, Dimitar Karakashev, Irini Angelidaki, and Jens Ejbye Schmidt. "Ex-situ bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sewage sludge." Journal of Hazardous Materials 164, no. 2-3 (May 30, 2009): 1568–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.08.067.
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Beskoski, Vladimir, Milos Takic, Jelena Milic, Mila Ilic, Gordana Gojgic-Cvijovic, Branimir Jovancicevic, and Miroslav Vrvic. "Change of isoprenoids, steranes and terpanes during ex situ bioremediation of mazut on industrial level." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 75, no. 11 (2010): 1605–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc100505091b.
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The paper presents results of the ex situ bioremediation of soil contaminated by mazut (heavy residual fuel oil) in the field scale (600 m3). A treatment-bed (thickness 0.4 m) consisted of mechanically mixed mazut-contaminated soil, softwood sawdust as the additional carbon source and crude river sand, as bulking and porosity increasing material. The inoculation/reinoculation was conducted periodically using a biomass of a consortium of zymogenous microorganisms isolated from the bioremediation substrate. The biostimulation was performed through addition of nutritious substances (N, P and K). The aeration was improved by systematic mixing of the bioremediation system. After 50 days, the number of hydrocarbon degraders increased 100 times. Based on the changes in the group composition, the average biodegradation rate during bioremediation was 24 mg/kg/day for the aliphatic fraction, 6 mg/kg/day for the aromatic fraction, and 3 mg/kg/day for the nitrogen-sulphuroxygen compounds (NSO)-asphaltene fraction. In the saturated hydrocarbon fraction, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in the single ion-monitoring mode (SIM) was applied to analyse isoprenoids pristane and phytane and polycyclic molecules of sterane and triterpane type. Biodegradation occurred during the bioremediation process, as well as reduction of relative quantities of isoprenoids, steranes, tri- and tetracyclic terpanes and pentacyclic terpanes of hopane type.
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Horst, John F., Caitlin H. Bell, Andrew Lorenz, Monica Heintz, Yu Miao, Jackie Saling, David Favero, and Shaily Mahendra. "Bioremediation of 1,4‐Dioxane: Successful Demonstration of In Situ and Ex Situ Approaches." Groundwater Monitoring & Remediation 39, no. 4 (October 2019): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gwmr.12354.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Bioremediation ex situ"
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Berry, Christopher John. "Bioremediation of Petroleum and Radiological Contaminate Soil Using an Ex Situ Bioreactor." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/7135.
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The Savannah River Site (SRS), a Department of Energy facility, generated non-hazardous petroleum and radiological co-contaminated soils that did not have a disposal pathway. The purpose of this project was to generate treatment data and test the hypothesis that an engineered biological process could safely and efficiently remove petroleum co-contamination from radiological contaminated soil. Demonstration of the treatment would allow the soils to be disposed as low-level radiological materials.
Although radiation and radiological contamination may, depending on the type and level, impact microbial activity and growth, the impact of low levels of radiation were not expected to impact the biodegradation of petroleum contaminated soils. Important parameters identified for successful biological treatment included oxygen mass transfer, bioavailability, temperature, microbiological capabilities, nutrients, and moisture. System design was based on a bioventing approach to control the supply of oxygen (air) based on petroleum contamination levels and type of soil being treated.
Before bioremediation began, a bioreactor system was permitted, designed, constructed, and tested. An operating permit was obtained from SCDHEC, as were approvals required by the SRS. The design was based on bioventing principles and used a modified prefabricated skid-pan, which was constructed by SRNL.
System operation included formulating a test plan, developing and using system sampling and monitoring methods, loading the system, starting up operations, obtaining results, modifying operation, and final disposal of the soil after the bioremediation goal was achieved.
The PRCS bioreactor operated for 22 months in various configurations treating the contaminated soil to a final TPH concentration of 45 mg/kg. During operation, degradation of over 20,000 mg/kg of waste was accounted for through monitoring of carbon dioxide levels in the effluent. System operation worked best when soil temperatures were above 15 ?nd the pumps were operated continuously. The low level radiological contaminated soil was disposed in an engineered trench at SRS that accepts this type of waste. The project demonstrated that co-contaminated soils could be treated biologically to remove petroleum contamination to levels below 100 mg/kg while protecting workers and the environment from radiological contamination.
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Gomez, Francisco. "Assessment and Optimization of Ex-Situ Bioremediation of Petroleum Contaminated Soil under Cold Temperature Conditions." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/30565.
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Current prices and demand for petroleum hydrocabons have generated an increase of oil spills around the country and the world. Health and environmental impacts associated to these organic pollutants represent a huge concern for the general public, leading the public and private sector to develop new technologies and methods to minimize or eliminate those risks.
Ex-Situ bioremediation through biopiles, as a main remediation technique to treat a wide range of hydrocarbons, has been a topic of considerable research interest over the last years. It provides an economical and environmental solution to restore the environment to background levels. Nevertheless, successful bioremediation under cold climate conditions is of considerable concern in countries like Canada, as low temperatures can delay the rate of bioremediation of oil hydrocarbons, thus limiting the operation of soil treatment facilities to certain times of the year. Recent research has found out that bioremediation could be conducted even at low or cold temperatures with larger periods of times. And even more, the addition of petroleum degrading microorganisms (bioaugmentation) and nutrients or biosurfactants (biostimulation) could enhance the process in some cases.
In the present study, a comprehensive assessment of bioaugmentation and biostimulation strategies for ex-situ bioremediation of petroleum contaminated soil under cold climate conditions is proposed. Field scale biopiles were constructed and subjected to different concentrations of commercial microbial consortia and mature compost, as bioaugmentation and biostimulation strategies, in a soil treatment facility at Moose Creek, Ontario over a period of 94 days (November 2012 to February 2013). Assessment and comparison of the biodegradation rates of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) and their fractions were investigated. Furthermore, a response surface methodology (RSM) based on a factorial design to investigate and optimize the effects of the microbial consortia application rate and amount of compost on the TPH removal was also assessed.
Results showed that biopiles inoculated with microbial consortia and amended with 10:1 soil to compost ratio under aerobic conditions performed the best, degrading 82% of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) with a first-order kinetic degradation rate of 0.016 d_1, under cold temperature conditions. The average removal efficiencies for TPHs after 94 days for control biopiles, with no amendments or with microbial consortia or compost only treatments were 48%, 55%, and 52%, respectively. Statistical analyses indicated a significant difference (p < 0.05) within and between the final measurements for TPHs and a significant difference between the treatment with combined effect, and the control biopiles.
On the other hand, the modeling and optimization statistical analysis of the results showed
that the microbial consortia application rate, compost amendment and their interactions have a
significant effect on TPHs removal with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.88, indicating a high correlation between the observed and the predicted values for the model obtained. The optimum concentrations predicted via RSM were 4.1 ml m-3 for microbial consortia
application rate, and 7% for compost amendment to obtain a maximum TPH removal of
90.7%. This research contributes to provide valuable knowledge to practitioners about cost-effective and existing strategies for ex-situ bioremediation under cold weather conditions.
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Firmino, Paulo Igor Milen. "Tratamento AnaerÃbio e MicroaerÃbio de Ãguas SintÃticas Contaminadas com BTEX." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2013. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=10242.
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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de NÃvel SuperiorO presente estudo teve o objetivo de avaliar o uso de reatores biolÃgicos, sob condiÃÃes anaerÃbias e microaerÃbias, como opÃÃo de biorremediaÃÃo ex situ de Ãguas contaminadas com BTEX. Inicialmente, foi desenvolvido, otimizado e validado um mÃtodo analÃtico para a detecÃÃo e quantificaÃÃo de BTEX em Ãguas e efluentes, o qual consistia em extraÃÃo por headspace seguida de cromatografia gasosa com detecÃÃo por fotoionizaÃÃo. Posteriormente, foram conduzidos experimentos em fluxo contÃnuo em dois reatores anaerÃbios mesofÃlicos (27 ÂC) â um deles operado sob condiÃÃes metanogÃnicas e, em seguida, sob condiÃÃes microaerÃbias, e o outro, apenas sob condiÃÃes sulfetogÃnicas â a fim de verificar a melhor condiÃÃo operacional para a remoÃÃo de BTEX. Os reatores foram alimentados com Ãgua contaminada com BTEX (~3 mgÂL-1 de cada composto) e etanol (co-substrato), e, dependendo da condiÃÃo redox avaliada, investigou-se o efeito de diferentes parÃmetros operacionais, tais como tempo de detenÃÃo hidrÃulica (24, 36 e 48 h), recirculaÃÃo de efluente, concentraÃÃo de co-substrato, relaÃÃo DQO/SO4 2- e microaeraÃÃo, no desempenho de remoÃÃo de BTEX. AlÃm disso, o reator metanogÃnico sob condiÃÃes microaerÃbias foi submetido a simulaÃÃes de choques de carga e de ausÃncia desses compostos, e de falhas operacionais, como desligamento do sistema e desligamento da microaeraÃÃo, para verificaÃÃo de sua robustez. Sob condiÃÃes metanogÃnicas, dependendo do composto, as eficiÃncias de remoÃÃo variaram de 38 a 97%. PorÃm, o aumento da carga aplicada de BTEX, em consequÃncia da reduÃÃo do tempo de detenÃÃo hidrÃulica de 48 para 24 h, parece ter afetado negativamente o processo de remoÃÃo. Ainda sob condiÃÃes metanogÃnicas, tambÃm se verificou o efeito da recirculaÃÃo de efluente na remoÃÃo de BTEX para altas e baixas concentraÃÃes de co-substrato (etanol). Quando altas concentraÃÃes de etanol foram utilizadas, o impacto da recirculaÃÃo de efluente nÃo foi evidente, jà que, provavelmente, a elevada produÃÃo de biogÃs teria sido suficiente para garantir uma transferÃncia de massa efetiva. Sob condiÃÃes sulfetogÃnicas, a adiÃÃo de sulfato em diversas relaÃÃes DQO/SO4 2- nÃo alterou a remoÃÃo de BTEX, sugerindo que as bactÃrias redutoras de sulfato nÃo estariam diretamente relacionadas à ativaÃÃo inicial dos compostos aromÃticos. Sob condiÃÃes microaerÃbias, elevadas eficiÃncias de remoÃÃo de BTEX foram alcanÃadas (> 90%). à provÃvel que a adiÃÃo de baixas concentraÃÃes de oxigÃnio tenha facilitado a ativaÃÃo inicial dos compostos BTEX, a qual à considerada a etapa limitante do processo de degradaÃÃo anaerÃbia, principalmente para o benzeno. Ainda, constatou-se que a presenÃa de altas concentraÃÃes de etanol afetou negativamente a remoÃÃo de BTEX, notadamente para o benzeno, sob as diferentes condiÃÃes redox testadas, jà que à um substrato preferencialmente degradÃvel em relaÃÃo aos compostos aromÃticos. Finalmente, com relaÃÃo à robustez do reator metanogÃnico sob condiÃÃes microaerÃbias, o sistema conseguiu lidar com os choques de carga de BTEX embora choques consecutivos tenham aumentado seu tempo de recuperaÃÃo. O perÃodo de ausÃncia de BTEX parece ter prejudicado a microbiota do reator, pois a qualidade do efluente deteriorou-se consideravelmente apÃs reintroduÃÃo dos compostos. O desligamento da microaeraÃÃo impactou negativamente a remoÃÃo de BTEX, mas o sistema recuperou-se rapidamente apÃs restabelecimento das condiÃÃes microaerÃbias.
The present study aimed to evaluate the use of biological reactors under anaerobic and microaerobic conditions, as an option of ex situ bioremediation of BTEX-contaminated waters. Initially, an analytical method for BTEX detection and quantification in waters and wastewaters, which consisted of headspace extraction followed by gas chromatography with detection by photoionization, was developed, optimized and validated. Subsequently, continuous-flow experiments were conducted in two mesophilic (27 ÂC) anaerobic reactors â one of them operated under methanogenic conditions and, afterwards, under microaerobic conditions, and the other one only under sulfidogenic conditions â a in order to determine the best operational condition for BTEX removal. The reactors were fed with water contaminated with BTEX (~3 mgÂL-1 of each compound) and ethanol (co-substrate), and, depending on the redox condition evaluated, the effect of some operational parameters, such as hydraulic retention time (24, 36 and 48 h), effluent recirculation, co-substrate concentration, DQO/SO4 2- ratio and microaeration, was investigated in BTEX removal performance. Furthermore, the methanogenic reactor under microaerobic conditions was submitted to simulated situations of shock loading and absence of these compounds, and operational failures, such as system and microaeration shutdown to assess its robustness. Under methanogenic conditions, depending on the compound, removal efficiencies ranged from 38 to 97%. However, the increase of applied BTEX load, as a consequence of hydraulic detention time reduction from 48 to 24 h, seems to have adversely affected the removal process. Moreover, under methanogenic conditions, the effluent recirculation effect on BTEX removal was also assessed when high and low co-substrate (ethanol) concentrations were applied. For high ethanol concentrations, the impact of effluent recirculation was not evident since, probably, the high biogas production would have been sufficient to ensure effective mass transfer. Under sulfidogenic conditions, sulfate addition at different DQO/SO4 2- ratios did not change BTEX removal, which suggests sulfate-reducing bacteria would not be directly related to initial activation of aromatic compounds. Under microaerobic conditions, high BTEX removal efficiencies were achieved (> 90%). It is likely the addition of low oxygen concentrations has facilitated the initial activation of BTEX compounds, which is considered the limiting step of the anaerobic degradation process, mainly for benzene. Furthermore, the presence of high ethanol concentrations negatively affected BTEX removal, particularly for benzene, under the different redox conditions tested, since it is a preferentially degradable substrate when compared to the aromatic compounds. Finally, regarding the methanogenic reactor robustness under microaerobic conditions, the system could cope with BTEX load shocks although consecutive shocks have increased its recovery time. The period of BTEX absence seems to have negatively affected the reactor microbiota because the effluent quality deteriorated considerably after compounds reintroduction. The microaeration shutdown also negatively impacted the removal of BTEX, but the system recovered quickly after microaerobic conditions reestablishment.
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Berger, Thomas Michael. "Biorremediação de solos contaminados com hidrocarbonetos totais de petróleo - enfoque na aplicação do processo terraferm." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/10900.
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Bodenkontaminationen durch Mineralölkohlenwasserstoffe sind ein weltweites Umweltproblem. Die Kontaminatiosquellen stehen im Zusammenhang mit Förderung, Lagerung, Transport, Verteilung und Endlagerung von Erdöl und Erdölprodukten. Brasilien beginnt zurzeit einen Prozess der Altlastenerfassung und –erkundung und in Konsequenz dessen auch die Suche nach geeigneten Sanierungstechniken. Biologische Prozesse spielen eine immer stärkere Rolle insbesondere bei der Sanierung von Bodenkontaminationen mit organischen Substanzen. Diese Prozesse gelten als “ökologisch korrekter” und sind im Vergleich mit anderen Techniken mit geringeren Kosten und technischen Aufwand durchführbar. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, die Anwendungsmöglichkeiten der biologischen Bodensanierung mittels des Terraferm® Verfahrens unter den Umweltbedingungen des Bundesstaates São Paulo, Brasilien zu überprüfen. Zu diesem Zweck wurde der Boden einer MKW-kontaminierte Fläche (Mina de Argila) in der Raffinerie REPLAN der PETROBRÁS S/A in Paulínia -SP ausgekoffert. Es wurden zehn Bodenproben in Bezug auf ihre physikalisch-chemischen Eigenschaften MKW, PAK, BTEX, Metalle (Cr, Zn, Pb, Ni, Cu, Cd, As, Hg, Fe, Ta), Wassergehalt, pH, Korngröße analysiert. Drei Proben mit durchschnittlichen MKW-gehalten wurden zur Überprüfung der biologischen Sanierbarkeit und der Bestimmung der Kontrollparameter für den später Sanierungsdurchführung Säulenversuchen unterzogen. Insgesamt wurden 72.384t kontaminierten Bodens ausgekoffert, wovon 21.050t der Abfallklasse II (nach NBR 10004) zugeordnet wurden und direkt auf eine Mülldeponie verbracht wurden. Es wurden 51.334t der Abfallklasse 1 in die Bodenreinigungsanlage der Firmen SAPOTEC/ESTRE in Paulínia - SP mittels des Terraferm® Verfahrens behandelt. Dieses Verfahren ist darauf ausgelegt, alle für den biologischen Abbau nötigen Prozessparameter im Optimum zu halten. Die Behandlung erfolgt in Hallen auf versiegeltem Untergrund und die dabei freigesetzten Schad- und Geruchsstoffe werden gefasst und einer Abluftreinigung zugeführt. Nach der Vorbehandlung (Aussortierung von Störstoffen, Zugabe von Strukturmaterial, Durchmischung) mittels speziellem Aufbereitungsaggregat wurden insgesamt elf Behandlungsmieten aufgesetzt. Der Sauerstoffgehalt, Bodenfeuchte und Nährstoffgehalte wurden im Optimalbereich gehalten. Die Analysen und die Säulenversuche bestätigten die biologische Sanierbarkeit des Bodens. Die Abbauraten in den Säulenversuchen lagenzwischen 70,2% und 88,6% in 14 Tagen. Diese hohen Abbauraten lassen sich durch die Zusammensetzung der MKW begründen, die sich hauptsächlich aus gut abbaubaren n-Alkanen und iso-Alkanen bestehen. Die durchschnittliche Abbaurate bei den elf Behandlungsmieten lag bei 80,88%, wobei die niedrigste bei 54,71% und die höchste Abbaurate bei 97,97% lagen. Die statistische Auswertung ergab, dass sich die Mittelwerte der MKW-gehalte während der Behandlung signifikant voneinander unterscheiden (<0,01). Die im Rahmen dieser Arbeit durchgeführten Versuche bestätigen den erfolgreichen Einsatz des Terraferm® Verfahrens unter Umweltbedingungen des Bundesstaates São Paulo, Brasilien. Die starke Variabilität der Abbauraten in den Behandlungsmieten deutet aber auf einen weiteren Forschungsbedarf, insbesondere hinsichtlich des Temperatur-einflusses, hin.Contaminações de solos com hidrocarbonetos de petróleo são um problema ambiental com abrangência mundial devido à alta demanda de produtos refinados de petróleo. As fontes são múltiplas e estão relacionadas à exploração, produção, armazenamento, transporte, distribuição e à destinação final de petróleo e seus derivados. Hoje o Brasil está iniciando um processo de avaliação e cadastramento de suas áreas contaminadas e, conseqüentemente, está procurando alternativas para a remediação das mesmas. Processos biológicos estão ganhando cada vez mais importância no tratamento, especialmente de solos contaminados com compostos orgânicos. Estes métodos são favorecidos por serem mais limpos, com custos baixos e de mais fácil aplicação em escala industrial. Assim, com o objetivo de verificar a aplicabilidade da biorremediação através do processo Terraferm® às condições ambientais do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, foi realizada a remediação ex situ de uma área contaminada com TPH, chamada Mina de Argila na Refinaria de Paulínia – REPLAN da PETROBRÁS S/A, em Paulínia - SP. Foram analisadas dez amostras de solo contaminado em relação aos parâmetros físico-químicos TPH, PAH, BTEX, metais (Cr, Zn, Pb, Ni, Cu, Cd, As, Hg, Fe, Ta), umidade, pH, oxigênio e granulometria. Três amostras com valores médios de TPH foram submetidas a ensaios de coluna para verificação da biotratabilidade do material e para definição de parâmetros de controle do processo em escala industrial. Foram removidos um total de 72.384t de material contaminado. Deste total, 21.050t foram classificadas como resíduo classe II segundo a NBR 10004 e encaminhadas para um aterro sanitário, e 51.334t foram classificadas como resíduo classe I, sendo destinadas à estação de biorremediação das empresas SAPOTEC/ESTRE, em Paulínia - SP. O solo contaminado foi tratado com o processo Terraferm®, que visa à otimização dos parâmetros que influenciam diretamente a atividade microbiana necessária para a biodegradação. O tratamento é feito em galpões com piso impermeabilizado e com um sistema de captação e tratamento das emissões geradas durante o processo de biodegradação. Após o pré-tratamento em máquina especial, que consiste na separação dos materiais não-tratáveis, na homogeneização e na adição de material estrutural, o solo contaminado foi colocado em onze pilhas de tratamento. Os fatores chave como o teor de oxigênio, a umidade e os nutrientes foram mantidos nas faixas consideradas ótimas. A caracterização química e o ensaio de coluna comprovaram a biotratabilidade do solo. Noensaio em coluna, obteve-se taxas de degradação entre 70,2% e 88,6% em 14 dias. Essas taxas altas são explicadas pela composição do TPH que consiste, neste caso, basicamente de n-alcanos e iso-alcanos considerados de fácil degradação biológica. A taxa média de degradação obtida no tratamento das onze pilhas foi de 80,88%, sendo a menor de 54,71% e a maior de 97,97%. Na análise estatística, verificou-se que as médias das concentrações de TPH durante cada período de tratamento diferem significativamente (<0,01). O trabalho conclui que o processo Terraferm® foi aplicado com sucesso nas condições ambientais do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Entretanto, os resultados do tratamento mostram uma alta variabilidade das taxas de degradação nas pilhas, que indica a necessidade de novas pesquisas, especialmente sobre a influência da temperatura no processo.
Soil contaminations with petroleum hydrocarbons are a worldwide environmental problem due to the high demand for refined petroleum products. Contamination sources are multiple and related to the exploration, production, storage, transportation, distribution, and final disposal of petroleum and its derivatives. Nowadays Brazil is starting to assess and record its contaminated areas and consequently search for alternatives for their remediation. Biological processes are gaining more and more importance, specially in the treatment of soils contaminated by organic compounds. These methods are favored for being cleaner, with lower costs, and more easily applicable to industrial scale. Therefore, with the objective of verifying the applicability of bioremediation to the environmental conditions of São Paulo State, Brazil, the ex situ remediation of a contaminated area by TPH was carried out by using the Terraferm® process. The area called Mina de Argila was located in the Paulínia Refinery – REPLAN, which belongs to PETROBRÁS S/A (the country's leader in the exploration, production, and distribution of petroleum products). Ten samples of contaminated soil were analyzed in relation to the physical-chemical parameters TPH, PAH, BTEX, metals (Cr, Zn, Pb, Ni, Cu, Cd, As, Hg, Fe, Ta), humidity, pH, oxygen and texture. Three samples with average values of TPH were submitted to column tests in order to assess the material biotreatability and define the control parameters of the process on industrial scale. A total of 72,384t of contaminated soil were removed. From this total, 21,050t were classified as class II waste according to NBR 10004 and sent to a landfill, and 51,334t were classified as class I waste and sent to the bioremediation plant of the companies SAPOTEC/ESTRE, in Paulínia – São Paulo State. The contaminated soil was treated with the Terraferm® process whose purpose is to optimize the parameters which directly influence the microbial activity necessary for biodegradation. The treatment was carried out in sheds with waterproof floor and a collection and treatment system for the emissions generated in the biodegradation process. After the treatment in a special machine, which consists in separating non-treatable materials, homogenizing, and adding structural material, the soil was placed into eleven treatment piles. The oxygen content, humidity, and nutrients were kept within a range considered optimum. The chemical characterization and the column test proved the soil biotreatability. In the column test, the degradation rates were between 70.2% and 88.6% in 14 days. These high rates are due to the TPHcomposition, which in this case basically consists in n-alkenes and iso-alkenes of easy biological degradation. The average degradation rate verified in the treatment of the eleven piles was of 80.88%, the lowest being 54.71% and the highest 97.97%. In the statistical analysis, it was verified that the average concentrations of TPH during each treatment period differ significantly (<0.01). The conclusion of this work is that the Terraferm® process was successfully applied to the environmental conditions of São Paulo State. However, the treatment results show a high variability in the degradation rates of the piles, which indicates the need for further research, specially on the influence of temperature on the process.
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Rehmann, Lars. "Delivery of hydrophobic substrates to degrading organisms in two-phase partitioning bioreactors." Thesis, Kingston, Ont. : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/506.
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Tarabusi, Andrea. "Studio delle criticità e della messa in sicurezza di un ex sito di cava ripristinato con fanghi di cartiera." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/7090/.
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Questo elaborato ha come obiettivo quello di analizzare, inquadrandolo anche da un punto di vista tecnologico, un trattamento innovativo di bioremediation in situ realizzato in una ex-area di cava, nella quale, in seguito al ripristino ambientale mediante fanghi di cartiera, si è verificato un fenomeno di degradazione anaerobica del materiale tombato che ha portato alla produzione di una ingente quantità di biogas e alla sua successiva migrazione verso abitazioni limitrofe.
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Snyman, Heidi Gertruida. "The microbiology of ex situ bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil." Thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/9152.
Full textAbstract:
Bioremediation is the process whereby the degradation of organic polluting compounds
occurs as a result of biochemical activity of macro- and microorganisms. Bioremediation of
hydrocarbon contaminated soils can be practised in situ or ex situ by either stimulating the
indigenous microorganisms (biostimulation) or introducing adapted microorganisms which
specifically degrade a contaminant (bioaugmentation).
This investigation focused on ex situ remediation processes with special attention to the
processes and microbiology of landfarming and thermal bioventing. Landfarming was
investigated at pilot-scale and full-scale, and thermal bioventing at laboratory and pilot-scale.
This study indicated that pilot-scale bioremediation by landfarming was capable of effecting
a total petroleum hydrocarbon concentration (TPHC) reduction of 94% (m1m) from an
initial concentration of 320 gkg-I soil to 18 gkg-I soil over a period of 10 weeks. Reactors
receiving biosupplements showed greater rates of bioremediation than those receiving
nutrients. Promotion of TPHC catabolism by addition of a commercial or a site-specific
microbial biosupplement was similar. Seedling experiments proved that bioremediation did
not necessarily leave the soil in an optimal condition for plant growth.
The full-scale landfarming operation reduced the TPHC concentrations from 5 260 -
23 000 mgkg- I to 820 - 2335 mgkg- I soil over a period of 169 days. At full-scale, the larger fraction of more recalcitrant and weathered petroleums. and the less intensive treatment
resulted in a slower rate of TPHC reduction than was found in the pilot-scale study. Three
distinct decreases in the TPHC were observed during the full-scale treatment. These
presented an ideal opportunity to investigate the microbiology of the soil undergoing
treatment. The dominant culturable microorganisms were isolated and identified. The
bioremediation process was dominated by Bacillus and Pseudomonas species. The method
used to study the population was, however, biased to culturable, fast growing
microorganisms which represent a small portion of the total microbial population. For this
reason, a method to study the total eubacterial population in situ with rRNA targeted
oligonucleotide probes was adapted and found to be a valuable technique.
Soil microorganisms respiratory activity was investigated at different times in the full-scale
treatment. A clear correlation between activity and degradation was recorded. The effect of
a supplement. anaerobically digested sludge, was also assessed by this method.
Thermal bioventing was investigated as an ex situ in-vessel treatment technology for small
volumes of highly contaminated soils. This proved to be a viable technique for the
bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons at laboratory-scale. Volatilisation contributed to
at least 40% of the reduction. Of the two supplements evaluated. dried sludge promoted
degradation to a greater extent than chicken manure.
The pilot-scale study proved that a chemical contaminant reduction of at least 50% could be
achieved in 13 weeks by thermal bioventing. Of the supplemented reactors. the presence of dried sludge and commercial biosupplement etfected the largest contaminant decrease. As a
possible supplement to increase the rate of bioremediation. dried anaerobically digested
sludge was more effective than chicken manure. A parallel laboratory-scale experiment
gave similar results. Gravimetric analyses were found to be conservative indications of the
remediation process.
The results of this study shed some light on our. still. limited understanding of
bioremediation. The gap between the technology in the laboratory and field was narrowed
and a better understanding of the soil microbiology was achieved. Due to the limited
control of environmental parameters in the case of landfarming. thermal bioventing was
investigated and proved to be an effective alternative. The latter technology is novel in
Southern Africa.Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 1996.
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Wang, Sih-yu, and 王絲郁. "Application of ex-situ bioremediation to remediate petroleum-hydrocarbon contaminated soils." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/65693273698961691344.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中山大學
環境工程研究所
100
Leaking of petroleum products from storage tanks is a commonly found cause of soil contamination. Among those petroleum products, diesel-oil contaminated soils are more difficult to treat compared to gasoline (a more volatile petroleum product). With the growing interest in environmental remediation, various approaches have been proposed for treating petroleum-hydrocarbon (PH) contaminated sites. Given that it is often not possible to remove the released oil or remediate the site completely within a short period of time, using the in situ remedial technology, soil excavation followed by more cost-effective technology should be applied to accelerate the efficiency of site cleanup. In the first-part of this study, laboratory degradation experiments were conducted to determine the optimal operational conditions to effectively and economically bioremediate diesel-fuel contaminated soils. In the second part of this study, a combined full-scale landfarming and biopile system was operated to cleanup diesel fuel-contaminated soils. In the laboratory study, except of frequent soil tilling for air replacement, different additives were added in the laboratory bioreactors to enhance the total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) removal efficiency. The additives included nutrients, TPH-degrading bacteria, activated sludge, fern chips, and kitchen waste composts. PH-degrading bacteria were isolated from PH-contaminated soils and activated sludge was collected from a wastewater treatment plant containing PH in the influent. PH-degrading bacteria and sludge were added to increase the microbial population and diversity. Fern chips and kitchen waste composts were added to increase the soil permeability. Results indicate that the bioreactor with kitchen waste compost addition had the highest TPH removal rate. The observed TPH-removal ratios for the compost, activated sludge, PH-degrading bacteria, fern chips, nutrients, TPH-degrading bacteria addition, and control (with HgCl2 addition) groups were 80.5%, 78.6%, 77.4%, 75.1%, 73.3%, 66.1%, and 1.6% respectively. In the field study, activated sludge was selected as the additive from the engineering point of view. With the addition of activated sludge, an increase of 20% was observed for TPH removal ratio. Results from the denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) tests show that the detected PH-degrading bacteria in the activated sludge included the following: Pseudomonas sp., Pseudoxanthomonas sp., Rhodocyclaceae bacterium, Variovorax sp., Acidovorax sp., Leptothrix sp., Alcaligenaceae bacterium, and Burkholderia sp. Some of these bacteria became dominant species in the field after a long-term operation, which was beneficial to the soil bioremediation. Results indicate that the in situ bioremediation has the potential to be developed into an environmentally and economically acceptable remediation technology.
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"Coupling Bioflocculation of Dehalococcoides to High-Dechlorination Rates for Ex situ and In situ Bioremediation." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.34923.
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abstract: Bioremediation of trichloroethene (TCE) using Dehalococcoides mccartyi-containing microbial cultures is a recognized and successful remediation technology. Our work with an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor has shown that high-performance, fast-rate dechlorination of TCE can be achieved by promoting bioflocculation of Dehalococcoides mccartyi-containing cultures. The bioreactor achieved high maximum conversion rates of 1.63 ± 0.012 mmol Cl- Lculture-1 h-1 at an HRT of 3.6 hours and >97% dechlorination of TCE to ethene while continuously fed 2 mM TCE. The UASB generated bioflocs from a microbially heterogeneous dechlorinating culture and produced Dehalococcoides mccartyi densities of 1.73x10-13 cells Lculture-1 indicating that bioflocculation of Dehalococcoides mccartyi-containing cultures can lead to high density inocula and high-performance, fast-rate bioaugmentation culture for in situ treatment. The successful operation of our pilot scale bioreactor led to the assessment of the technology as an onsite ex-situ treatment system. The bioreactor was then fed TCE-contaminated groundwater from the Motorola Inc. 52nd Street Plant Superfund site in Phoenix, AZ augmented with the lactate and methanol. The bioreactor maintained >99% dechlorination of TCE to ethene during continuous operation at an HRT of 3.2 hours. Microbial community analysis under both experimental conditions reveals shifts in the community structure although maintaining high rate dechlorination. High density dechlorinating cultures containing bioflocs can provide new ways to 1) produce dense bioaugmentation cultures, 2) perform ex-situ bioremediation of TCE, and 3) increase our understanding of Dehalococcoides mccartyi critical microbial interactions that can be exploited at contaminated sites in order to improve long-term bioremediation schemes.Dissertation/Thesis
Masters Thesis Engineering 2015
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Lai, Yi-ting, and 廖翊廷. "Ex-situ landfarming bioremediation of TPH contaminated soil with biostimulation and bioaugmentation." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/30509240540762320779.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立成功大學
環境工程學系碩博士班
95
The content of this study were main researched on biopiles of ex-situ bioremediation and collocated experimental batch study of laboratory to evaluate feasibility of using land farming associated “Plug flow reaction and Recirculation seeding” with bioaugmentation and biostimulation bioremedied total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH)-contaminated-soil.This study covered two sites of ex-situ bioremediation and one of experimental batch study of laboratory. One of the sites of ex-situ bioremediation：This research adopts method of adding diesel oil , biostimulation and bioaugmentation to simulate the way of treating biopile .In the study, experiment factors divided into five parts – bioaugmentation biopile (BA)；biostumulation biopile (BS)；BA +BS (BAS)；nutrient enhance biopile (NE) and control biopile (CT) , and each of them operated in the cubic of 3m (L) *3m (W) *1m (H) soil’s biopile.In the study, the range of initial TPHC10~C28 in each biopiles is 8,400 mg/kg dry soil to 10,270 mg/kg dry soil. Through 14 days, only BAS biopiles is above 5,000 mg/kg dry soil,and the other are between 2,200 mg/kg dry soil and 3,500 mg/kg dry soil. After 24 days, The concentration of TPHC10~C28 of each biopile is under 1,500 mg/kg dry soil, even there is lower than the regulation standard 1,000 mg/kg dry soil, and the removal is up to 90%. After 24 days, the concentration of TPHC10~C28 of each biopile is promptly maintained 1,000 mg/kg dry soil. The result of bacteria measured indicate the originally bacterials included this research adding bacteria cluster, and the total colony counting of Originally bacterial reached 108 CFU/g dry soil. As a result of the polluted soil contaminated for some time , originally bacteria hade grown and already had very strong environmental ability of adaptation. So it caused each biopile of result in this research not to have obvious difference, and CT’s biopile could be degraded rapidly. The other site of ex-situ bioremediation：In the present study, 100m3 of petroleum-oil contaminated soil was divided broadly into two series (S & T-series) of biopiles with land-farming associated “Plug flow reaction and Recirculation seeding” operation in series. Enriched, mixed culture of petroleum oil degrading bacterial consortium and biosurfactant (rhamnolipid emulsifier) were applied to each biopile for enhancing the biodegradation rate of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) including diesel (C10~C28) and fuel oil (C10~C40). After three weeks of bioremediation process, the TPHC10~C28 and TPHC10~C40 were degraded by almost 75% and 60% in both series of biopiles respectively. In each biopile of S-series, microbial concentration was maintained at the range of 105~106 CFU/g dry soil. Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter species were predominant group present in indigenous and augmented consortia. The batch study：Experimental factors were divided to (1) mixed ratio of diesel and fuel oil (2) biosurfactant (3) bioaugmentation. Total heterotrophic bacteria (THB) increased very much after starting operational 6 days. The quantity of increasing level was higher with increasing mixed ratio of diesel.The bioreactors had bioaugmented had more diesel aerobic bacteria (DAB).But with increasing mixed ratio of fuel oil, DAB had deceased and removal efficiency of TPH was down.The bioaumentation and biostimulation had not significant different.The purpose of this study was to provide experiences of ex-situ biopile bioremediation for applied to in-situ bioremediation.
Books on the topic "Bioremediation ex situ"
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International, In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium (5th 1999 San Diego Calif ). Bioreactor and ex situ biological treatment technologies: The Fifth International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium, San Diego, California, April 19-22, 1999. Columbus, OH: Battelle Press, 1999.
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International, In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium (6th 2001 San Diego Calif ). Ex situ biological treatment technologies: The Sixth International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium : San Diego, California, June 4-7, 2001. Columbus, Ohio: Battelle Press, 2001.
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1957-, Alleman Bruce C., and Leeson Andrea 1962-, eds. Bioreactor and ex situ biological treatment technologies. Columbus, OH: Battelle Press, 1999.
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Bioreactor and Ex Situ Biological Treatment Technologies - 5(5). Battelle Press, 1999.
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United States. Environmental Protection Agency, ed. Ex-situ Anaerobic Bioremediation System-- dinoseb: J.R. Simplot Company. [Cincinnati, OH]: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1994.
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United States. Environmental Protection Agency., ed. Ex-situ Anaerobic Bioremediation System-- dinoseb: J.R. Simplot Company. [Cincinnati, OH]: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1994.
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United States. Environmental Protection Agency, ed. Ex-situ Anaerobic Bioremediation System-- dinoseb: J.R. Simplot Company. [Cincinnati, OH]: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1994.
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United States. Environmental Protection Agency., ed. Ex-situ Anaerobic Bioremediation System-- dinoseb: J.R. Simplot Company. [Cincinnati, OH]: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1994.
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Calif.) International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium (6th : 2001 : San Diego. Ex Situ Biological Treatment Technologies: The Sixth International in Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium : San Diego, California, June 4-7, 2001 ... in Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Sympo). Battelle Press, 2001.
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National Risk Management Research Laboratory (U.S.), ed. J.R. Simplot ex-situ bioremediation technology for treatment of TNT-contaminated soils. Cincinnati, Ohio: National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1995.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Bioremediation ex situ"
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Nikolopoulou, Maria, and Nicolas Kalogerakis. "Ex Situ Bioremediation Treatment (Landfarming)." In Springer Protocols Handbooks, 195–220. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/8623_2016_191.
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Shahnawaz, Mohd, Manisha K. Sangale, and Avinash B. Ade. "Ex Situ Bioremediation Technology for Plastic Degradation." In Bioremediation Technology for Plastic Waste, 77–83. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7492-0_7.
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Butnariu, Monica, and Alina Butu. "Viability of In Situ and Ex Situ Bioremediation Approaches for Degradation of Noxious Substances in Stressed Environs." In Bioremediation and Biotechnology, Vol 4, 167–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48690-7_8.
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Diplock, Elizabeth E., Dave P. Mardlin, Kenneth S. Killham, and Graeme I. Paton. "The Role of Decision Support for Bioremediation Strategies, Exemplified by Hydrocarbons for In Site and Ex Situ Procedures." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 201–15. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-439-5_13.
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Tripathi, Sandeep, R. Sanjeevi, J. Anuradha, Dushyant Singh Chauhan, and Ashok K. Rathoure. "Nano-Bioremediation." In Biostimulation Remediation Technologies for Groundwater Contaminants, 202–19. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-4162-2.ch012.
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The functional aspect of nanotechnology (NBT) is driven either to accelerate the performance of materials and/or to reduce the quantity of materials that are used for the purpose. Most significantly, its potential attribute to the environment includes the treatment and remediation, sensing and detection, and pollution prevention. In general nano-bio remediation (NBR) involves the use of nano-materials either in in-situ (in place), or ex-situ (off-place) treatment of contaminated materials. To accomplish this, the elemental or zero-valent metals and like materials in nano-form (1-100 nm) have been applied as an instinctive need to embrace sustainable environment. The use of nanomaterials initially reduces the biodegradable contaminants and then it promotes to achieve the standard levels. Thus, the role of nano-materials could be an efficient, effective approach to remediate the environmental contaminant sustainably. However, further research is required to record the detailed fate of the nano-materials that are used in environment remediation.
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Sharma, Indu. "Bioremediation Techniques for Polluted Environment: Concept, Advantages, Limitations, and Prospects." In Trace Metals in the Environment - New Approaches and Recent Advances. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90453.
Full textAbstract:
Environmental pollution has been rising in the past few decades due to increased anthropogenic activities. Bioremediation is an attractive and successful cleaning technique to remove toxic waste from polluted environment. Bioremediation is highly involved in degradation, eradication, immobilization, or detoxification diverse chemical wastes and physical hazardous materials from the surrounding through the all-inclusive and action of microorganisms. The main principle is degrading and converting pollutants to less toxic forms. Bioremediation can be carried out ex-situ and in-situ, depending on several factors, which include but not limited to cost, site characteristics, type, and concentration of pollutants. Hence, appropriate bioremediation technique is selected. Additionally, the major methodologies to develop bioremediation are biostimulation, bioaugmentation, bioventing, biopiles, and bioattenuation provided the environmental factors that decide the completion of bioremediation. Bioremediation is the most effective, economical, eco-friendly management tool to manage the polluted environment. All bioremediation techniques have its own advantage and disadvantage because it has its own specific applications.
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Wadgaonkar, Shrutika L., and Piet N. L. Lens. "In situ and ex situ bioremediation of seleniferous soils and sediments." In Environmental Technologies to Treat Selenium Pollution, 217–42. IWA Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/9781789061055_0217.
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Rathoure, Ashok K. "Heavy Metal Pollution and its Management." In Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies, 27–50. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9734-8.ch002.
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Environmental degradation has become a major societal issue thanks to uncontrolled anthropogenic activity, besides natural factors. Entry of toxic heavy metals and minerals in human system mainly through contaminated water, food and air, leads to overt and insidious health problems. Heavy metal pollution, a global concern today, can be managed by using bioremediation, an eco-friendly alternative. Bioremediation is one of the most promising technological approaches to the problem of hazardous waste. It is a technology for removing pollution from environment, restoring contaminated site and preventing future pollution. Bioremediation can be performed in situ or ex situ. Microorganisms directly degrade contaminants rather than merely transferring them from one medium to another, employ metabolic degradation pathways and can be used in situ to minimize disturbance of the cleanup site. Hence, microorganisms can be effective, economical and non-disruptive tools for eliminating hazardous chemicals. Its advantage generally outweigh the disadvantage, therefore may be used as management tool.
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Rathoure, Ashok K. "Heavy Metal Pollution and its Management." In Waste Management, 1013–36. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1210-4.ch046.
Full textAbstract:
Environmental degradation has become a major societal issue thanks to uncontrolled anthropogenic activity, besides natural factors. Entry of toxic heavy metals and minerals in human system mainly through contaminated water, food and air, leads to overt and insidious health problems. Heavy metal pollution, a global concern today, can be managed by using bioremediation, an eco-friendly alternative. Bioremediation is one of the most promising technological approaches to the problem of hazardous waste. It is a technology for removing pollution from environment, restoring contaminated site and preventing future pollution. Bioremediation can be performed in situ or ex situ. Microorganisms directly degrade contaminants rather than merely transferring them from one medium to another, employ metabolic degradation pathways and can be used in situ to minimize disturbance of the cleanup site. Hence, microorganisms can be effective, economical and non-disruptive tools for eliminating hazardous chemicals. Its advantage generally outweigh the disadvantage, therefore may be used as management tool.
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Pandey, Shipra, Madhuree Kumari, Satyendra Pratap Singh, Arpita Bhattacharya, Shashank Mishra, Puneet Singh Chauhan, and Aradhana Mishra. "Bioremediation via Nanoparticles." In Handbook of Research on Uncovering New Methods for Ecosystem Management through Bioremediation, 491–515. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8682-3.ch019.
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Arena of nanotechnology has revolutionized the field of bioremediation to overcome the problems of environmental pollutions. Approaches applied for the monitoring and treatment of contaminants includes control of pollutants, sensing the pollutants and remediation by nanoparticles. Among the three approaches, the most important is to remediate the pollutants. This chapter highlights the eco-friendly, accurate, cost effective, ex-situ and sustainable approach for the “Green Bioremediation” with the help of nanoparticles. Nanoparticles covers the treatment of surface water, groundwater and industrial wastewater contaminated by toxic metal ions, radionuclides, organic and inorganic solutes and also reduce aromatic recalcitrant compounds from soil and air pollution. There is also a scope of enhancing the remediation potential of nanoparticles by manipulating size and geometry. They have given a new hope towards positive sustainable approach for environment and human welfare.
Conference papers on the topic "Bioremediation ex situ"
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Schmidt, J. E., S. B. Larsen, and D. Karakashev. "Ex-situ bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sewage sludge." In ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2008. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/etox080201.
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Alexandersen, Dennis Kronborg, Tom Headley, Stephane Prigent, and Ismail Mahmutoglu. "Ex-Situ Bioremediation of Hydrocarbon Contaminated Soil - An Example from Oman." In SPE Middle East Health, Safety, Environment & Sustainable Development Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/170411-ms.
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Wilson, J. Jeffrey, Douglas W. Lee, Brett M. Yeske, and Fred Kuipers. "Testing of In Situ and Ex Situ Bioremediation Approaches for an Oil-Contaminated Peat Bog Following a Pipeline Break." In 2000 3rd International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2000-146.
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A biotreatability test was performed on oil-contaminated sphagnum peat moss from a 1985 pipeline spill of light Pembina Cardium crude oil at a bog near Violet Grove in central Alberta. Four tests were designed to simulate several field treatment approaches and to collect critical data on toxicity and leachability of this material. These tests included a bioslurry test, a soil microcosm test, an aerated water saturated peat column test, and a standard toxicity characteristic leachate potential (TCLP) test. In the saturated peat column tests, two nutrient amendment rates and a surfactant were tested to quantify biostimulation effects from an in-situ treatment design. An innovative aeration technology called the GLR (Gas-Liquid Reactor) was used to create a constant supply of hyperoxygenated water prior to column injection. The GLR continuously produces air bubbles of less than 50 microns in diameter, thereby maximizing air surface area and thereby increasing gas transfer rates. Crude oil biodegradation was quantified by the reduction in both extractable hydrocarbons and toxicity of the peat solids. The results confirmed that bioremediation of the residual crude oil to non-toxic levels in the peat bog at Violet Grove will be successful. All three tests — bioslurry, soil microcosm, and soil columns — gave similar results of at least 74% biodegradation of the residual crude oil on the peat solids. In situ bioremediation using the GLR aerated water injection system or an ex situ landfarming or biopile approach should achieve the 1000 mg/kg total petroleum hydrocarbon criteria. Neither fertilizer nor surfactant amendments were necessary to enhance oil biodegradation in the in situ column tests. The TCLP test indicated that ex situ treatment would require an impermeable liner for leachate collection. The time required to achieve the final remediation goals will depend on climatic variable such as temperature and rainfall during active summer season bioremediation. It is anticipated that an in situ approach using recirculated aerated water would achieve the cleanup up criteria within one full field treatment season.