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Journal articles on the topic 'Biosocial Theory'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 18 February 2022

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Du, Yu. "Developing an integrated biosocial theory to understand juvenile delinquency: from the social, cognitive, affective, and moral (SCAM) perspectives." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 6, no. 2 (2019): 897. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20190751.

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Biosocial theory has made considerable progress in explaining juvenile delinquency and making explicit references for juvenile justice policy during the past decades. However, because biosocial theory aims to identify multiple risk factors, it makes juvenile justice practice and develop delinquency prevention programs difficult. This paper proposes an integrated biosocial theory from the social, cognitive, affective, and moral (SCAM) perspectives to understand juvenile delinquency and facilitate the development and improvement of prevention and intervention programs. The article briefly summarizes the background and the key concepts of the chosen criminological theories and the logic of theoretical integration. Then it articulates the four aspects of the integrated biosocial theory and how it can contribute to criminology in details. Lastly, the paper identifies its potential limitations and provides practical implications.

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Hadley, John. "Critique of Callicott's Biosocial Moral Theory." Ethics & the Environment 12, no. 1 (2007): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/ete.2007.12.1.67.

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van den Berghe, Pierre L. "Ellis' Biosocial Theory as Social Darwinism." Politics and the Life Sciences 10, no. 1 (1991): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0730938400016646.

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Ellis, Lee. "A synthesized (biosocial) theory of rape." Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 59, no. 5 (1991): 631–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.59.5.631.

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Mihara, Takeshi. "Elaborating Risk Society Theory: A Biosocial Approach." Annual Review of Sociology 2017, no. 30 (2017): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5690/kantoh.2017.63.

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Luxen, Marc F. "Sex Differences, Evolutionary Psychology and Biosocial Theory." Theory & Psychology 17, no. 3 (2007): 383–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959354307077289.

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Ngacha, Njeri Simon, Christopher Mwangi Gakuu, and Kidombo Harriet Jepchumba. "Legal Frameworks, Political Environment and Performance of Biosocial Projects in Informal Settlements in Nairobi County, Kenya." Journal of Sustainable Development 13, no. 6 (2020): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v13n6p99.

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This scholarly work studied Legal frameworks, political environment and performance of biosocial projects in informal settlements in Nairobi County, Kenya. Purpose of this scholarly work was to ascertain political environment moderate&rsquo;s relationship between legal frameworks and performance of biosocial projects in informal settlements in Nairobi County, Kenya. The variable indicators were derived from legal frameworks and political environment indicators as independent variables against performance of biosocial projects indicators as dependent variable of this scholarly work. The study was premised on project theory for the two independent variables and for the dependent variable theory of constraint. In this study Pragmatism and mixed research approach were embraced to examine political environment, legal frameworks and performance of biosocial projects while descriptive and correlational research designs were adopted. Self dispensed questionnaires were administered to gather quantitative data while interview guides were used to collect qualitative data after the pilot testing of research instruments to test validity through content related method and reliability through test-retest criterion. A sample size of 183 individuals from 61 biosocial projects were selected from a target sample of 70 biosocial projects in Nairobi County through Gakuu, Kidombo and Keiyoro, 2016 sampling formula (s= (z/e)2). Quantitative data was computed from structured questionnaires administered to 61 staff members working in the selected biosocial projects and 61 beneficiaries from the biosocial projects besides qualitative in- depth interviews with 61 key informants from State and non-state actors through purposive sampling technique. The statistical tools of analysis that were used were arithmetic mean and the standard deviation for descriptive data whereas Pearson&rsquo;s Product Moment Correlation (r) in addition to Stepwise Regression (R2) were used as inferential statistics tools of analysis, hypothesis was tested by use of F-tests. To avoid invalidation of statistical analysis, tests of statistical assumptions were carried out before data analysis. From the data analysis the null hypothesis that stated the relationship between legal frameworks and performance of biosocial projects in informal settlements in Nairobi County is not moderated by political environment was accepted with F = 15.207, p =0.000&lt;0.05, r = 0.382, Adjusted R2 = 0.136 in step one against step two where F = 6.263, p =0.000&lt;0.05, r = 0.390, Adjusted R2 = 0.128 and concluded that Adjusted R2 decreased from 0.136 to 0.128 and F statistics reduced from 15.207 to 6.263 the effect of relationship of legal frameworks on performance of biosocial projects.

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Ellis, Lee. "The biosocial female choice theory of social stratification*." Biodemography and Social Biology 48, no. 3-4 (2001): 298–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19485565.2001.9989040.

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Njeri, Ngacha. "Political Environment and Biosocial Projects Performance in Informal Settlements in Nairobi County, Kenya." Journal of Sustainable Development 14, no. 2 (2021): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v14n2p111.

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This research study strived to find out the influence of Political Environment on biosocial projects performance in informal settlements in the county of Nairobi. The extent to which political environment influence biosocial project performance. Biosocial projects are projects working with people with disabilities. Two theories, Theory of Constraint and diffusion were used in this field of study to support predictive and outcome variable respectively. Pragmatism paradigm and mixed research were adopted in this study projects. Quantitative data was collected through structured self-administered questionnaires while qualitative data was collected through interview guides. Collection of data was preceded by testing for validity of research instruments through reliability and content related method through test-retest criterion. In Nairobi County, a sample size of 183 individuals from 61 biosocial projects were selected from a target sample of 70 biosocial projects. Questionnaires were used to collect quantitative data from 61 beneficiaries of the biosocial projects and 61 staff members directly working for biosocial projects in the County of Nairobi. In- depth qualitative interviews with 61 state and non-state actors through purposive sampling technique were executed. Arithmetic mean and the standard deviation were the statistical tools of analysis that were used for descriptive data, whereas Stepwise Regression (R2) and Pearson&rsquo;s Product Moment Correlation (r) were the statistical tools of analysis that were used for inferential statistics whereas F-tests were executed to test hypothesis. To avoid statistical analysis invalidation, statistical assumptions tests were executed before analysis of data. Null hypothesis after analysis of data analysis was rejected at r = 0.313, F = 8.988, p = 0.004&lt;0.01. Conclusively, constitution of Kenya 2010 and the Persons with Disabilities Act, 2003 were some of the key legal legislation that were pointed out to be championing success of biosocial projects performance that champion for the rights of persons with disabilities.

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Schulman, Alex. "Evolution’s republic: Groundwork for a biosocial contract." Social Science Information 53, no. 4 (2014): 518–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0539018414540819.

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Are the concepts of the state of nature and the social contract still relevant for contemporary political theory? I argue that these ideas from early modern and Enlightenment political theory can be fruitfully reapplied via the data and methods of evolutionary biology. Alignment of evolutionary theory with social contract theory can answer the charge that Darwinism, however accurate its picture of the natural world or natural history, provides no defensible grounding for ethics or politics. The implications of the biosocial contract for political economy are far-reaching, with Rousseau’s insistence that ‘all have something and none has too much of anything’ gaining biological and evolutionary confirmation. Republicanism refracted through Darwinism telescopes freedom as non-domination back to the very biological origins of human politics. Such naturalization suggests translating the Rawlsian imperative to reconcile self-interest and social cooperation into the related Darwinian imperative to use the public sphere to end irrational and destructive arms races.

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Njeri, Ngacha, Prof Christopher Gakuu, and Prof Harriet Kidombo. "LEGAL FRAMEWORKS INFLUENCE ON BIOSOCIAL PROJECTS IN INFORMAL SETTLEMENT IN NAIROBI COUNTY ,KENYA." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 7, no. 10 (2020): 218–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.710.9202.

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This study sought to establish Legal frameworks influence on performance of biosocial projects in informal settlements in Nairobi County, Kenya. The objective of this study was to establish the extent to which legal frameworks influence performance of biosocial projects in informal settlements. The variable indicators were: Existence of international legislations, compliance of national legislations, enforcement of County legislations and lastly inclusivity of Non-state actor’s policies. The study was premised on classical communication theory and theory of constraint. This study adopted pragmatism and mixed research approach to examine the legal frameworks influence on performance of biosocial projects while descriptive and correlational research designs were adopted. Quantitative data was collected through structured self-administered questionnaires while qualitative data was collected through interview guides after the research instruments were pilot tested for validity through content related method and reliability through test-retest criterion. A sample size of 183 individuals from 61 biosocial projects were selected from a target sample of 70 biosocial projects in Nairobi County through Gakuu, Kidombo and Keiyoro, 2016 sampling formula (s= (z/e)2). Quantitative data was computed from structured questionnaires administered to 61 staff members working in the selected biosocial projects and 61 beneficiaries of the biosocial projects besides qualitative in- depth interviews with 61 State and non-state actors through purposive sampling technique. The statistical tools of analysis that were used for descriptive data were the arithmetic mean and the standard deviation while the statistical tools of analysis that were used for inferential statistics were Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation (r) and Stepwise Regression (R2). F-tests were used to test hypotheses in the study. Tests of statistical assumptions were carried out before data analysis to avoid invalidation of statistical analysis. From the data analysis the null hypothesis that stated there is no significance relationship between legal frameworks and performance of biosocial projects in informal settlements in Nairobi County was rejected with r = 0.382, F = 15.207 at p = 0.000<0.01 and concluded that there is moderate relationship between Legal frameworks and performance of biosocial projects in informal settlements. In conclusion, there were noted key legislations supporting biosocial projects and biosocial community among them being constitution of Kenya 2010 that prohibits discrimination, The Persons with Disabilities Act, 2003, the act being an all-inclusive law encompassing rehabilitation rights and equal opportunities for people with disabilities. It creates the National Council of Persons with Disabilities as a statutory organ to oversee the welfare of persons with disabilities. The Law also obliges that both public and private sector employer’s reserve five percent of jobs for disabled persons. Conversely, there is correspondingly the National Security Act, chapter 258, Laws of Kenya, the law alludes to the benefit for worker incapacitated before the established retirement age and National Social Security Fund Act, 1965 (sessional paper number 5 of 1997), amended in 2001, the subject contains a provision which states that mental and physical disabilities shall not be considered as leading to work incapacity.

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Reeves, Mark, Lisa M. James, Scott M. Pizzarello, and Jeanette E. Taylor. "Support for Linehan's Biosocial Theory from a Nonclinical Sample." Journal of Personality Disorders 24, no. 3 (2010): 312–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/pedi.2010.24.3.312.

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Zhang, Jinguang, Scott A. Reid, Jessica Gasiorek, and Nicholas A. Palomares. "Voice Pitch Variation and Status Differentiation in Mixed-Sex Dyads." Communication Research 46, no. 7 (2016): 986–1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093650215626976.

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Expectation states theory, role congruity theory, and the biosocial model, respectively, predict that perceptions of competence, agency and communality, and physical dominance explain the effects of nonverbal communication on social influence. This study contrasts these mechanisms by using voice pitch variation as a nonverbal signal in mixed-sex dyads. Thirty-seven pairs of male and female participants were recorded discussing a controversial topic under conditions where either their gender or a shared identity as college students was salient. Consistent with expectation states theory, men who varied their pitch more during discussion were perceived as more competent and influential by their female interlocutors, but only when gender was salient. In the same condition, male and female participants’ pitch variation negatively predicted their perceptions of their discussion partner’s influence, suggesting that nonverbal communication constitutes and reflects competition over status. Our findings favor expectation states theory over role congruity theory and the biosocial model.

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Matson, Johnny L. "Biosocial theory of psychopathology: A three by three factor model." Applied Research in Mental Retardation 6, no. 2 (1985): 199–227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0270-3092(85)80071-0.

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Larin, Vyacheslav N. "Criminal Personality Structure in the Light of the Biosocial Theory." Ural Journal of Legal Research, no. 6 (2020): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.34076/2658-512x-2020-6-39-44.

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Eagly, Alice H., and Wendy Wood. "Sexual selection does not provide an adequate theory of sex differences in aggression." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 32, no. 3-4 (2009): 276–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x09990264.

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AbstractOur social role/biosocial theory provides a more adequate account of aggression sex differences than does Archer's sexual selection theory. In our theory, these sex differences arise flexibly from sociocultural and ecological forces in interaction with humans' biology, as defined by female and male physical attributes and reproductive activities. Our comments elaborate our theory's explanations for the varied phenomena that Archer presents.

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Ellis, Lee. "Extending arousal theory and reflecting on biosocial approaches to social science." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 18, no. 03 (1995): 554. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00039741.

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Hendrix, Lewellyn, and Mark A. Schneider. "Assumptions on Sex and Society in the Biosocial Theory of Incest." Cross-Cultural Research 33, no. 2 (1999): 193–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106939719903300204.

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Feingold, Alan. "On an evolutionary model of sex differences in mathematics: Do the data support the theory?" Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19, no. 2 (1996): 252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00042473.

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AbstractThe target article draws on evolutionary theory to formulate a biosocial model of sex differences in quantitative abilities. Unfortunately, the data do not support some of the crucial hypotheses. The male advantage in geometry is not appreciably greater than the male advantagi in algebra, and the greater male variability in mathematics cited by Gear is not cross-culturally invariant.

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Ryan, Kevin William. "The new wave of childhood studies: Breaking the grip of bio-social dualism?" Childhood 19, no. 4 (2011): 439–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0907568211427612.

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The article takes as its starting point a new wave of researchers who use concepts such as ‘hybridity’ and ‘multiplicity’ in a bid to move the study of childhood beyond the strictures of what Lee and Motzkau call ‘bio-social dualism’, whereby the division between the ‘natural child’ of developmental psychology and the ‘social child’ of socialization theory replicates a tendency in modern thought and practice to divide nature from culture. The article offers an alternative approach to understanding modern western childhood, and argues that this emerges not through a division between nature and culture, but in the form of a ‘biosocial nexus’ which is irreducible to distinct elements and which provides a way of locating developmental psychology and socialization theory within the same field of practice. The article concludes by reflecting on the implications of this for the new wave of childhood studies, which is said to redeploy rather than escape biosocial power.

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Turner, Michael G., Jennifer L. Hartman, and Donna M. Bishop. "The Effects of Prenatal Problems, Family Functioning, and Neighborhood Disadvantage in Predicting Life-Course-Persistent Offending." Criminal Justice and Behavior 34, no. 10 (2007): 1241–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854807304829.

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Research examining Moffitt's dual taxonomy theory of offending has generally supported the idea that neuropsychological deficits interact with disadvantaged familial environments to predict life-course-persistent offending. Most research, however, has neglected to investigate the power of this interaction across different neighborhood and racial contexts. Using data extracted from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, Moffitt's biosocial hypothesis is tested across different neighborhood and racial contexts. The findings indicate that the biosocial interaction predicts life-course-persistent offending only among non-Whites in disadvantaged neighborhoods. Stated differently, macro-level structural factors appear to moderate the effects of individual and family risks. That poor non-Whites reside in neighborhoods that are ecologically distinct from those in which poor Whites reside exacerbates the criminogenic effects of individual-level deficits and family disadvantage.

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Cavazzi, Tara, and Rodrigo Becerra. "Psychophysiological Research of Borderline Personality Disorder: Review and Implications for Biosocial Theory." Europe’s Journal of Psychology 10, no. 1 (2014): 185–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v10i1.677.

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Crowell, Sheila E., Theodore P. Beauchaine, and Marsha M. Linehan. "A biosocial developmental model of borderline personality: Elaborating and extending linehan’s theory." Psychological Bulletin 135, no. 3 (2009): 495–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0015616.

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Newsome, Jamie, and Francis T. Cullen. "The Risk-Need-Responsivity Model Revisited: Using Biosocial Criminology to Enhance Offender Rehabilitation." Criminal Justice and Behavior 44, no. 8 (2017): 1030–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854817715289.

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During the past four decades, researchers and practitioners working in corrections have shifted from a “nothing works” to a “what works” orientation. Emphasizing the importance of adopting evidence-based interventions, Andrews and Bonta have argued that efforts to rehabilitate offenders should adhere to a number of specified principles of effective intervention, three of which—risk, need, and responsivity—are considered the most critical. These principles were derived from Andrews and Bonta’s theory of the psychology of criminal conduct, which underscores the necessity to link correctional practice to empirically defensible theories of offending. The vast majority of research has provided evidence of the effectiveness of the risk-need-responsivity model; however, far less attention has been given to expanding its theoretical foundation. Given the wealth of evidence supporting biosocial explanations of criminal behavior, we consider potential avenues for enhancing the risk-need-responsivity model through the integration of key findings from biosocial research.

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Hines, Samuel M. "Social Stratification, Selection and Explanation: A Commentary on Ellis' Biosocial Theory of Stratification." Politics and the Life Sciences 10, no. 1 (1991): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0730938400016634.

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Vaske, Jamie, Kevan Galyean, and Francis T. Cullen. "Toward a biosocial theory of offender rehabiltiation: Why does cognitive-behavioral therapy work?" Journal of Criminal Justice 39, no. 1 (2011): 90–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2010.12.006.

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Caton, Hiram. "Teaching Biopolitics to Humanities Students." Politics and the Life Sciences 5, no. 1 (1986): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0730938400001696.

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The article describes a course entitled “Biosocial Approaches to Political Theory,” which is currently being taught at Griffith University. Course orientation, pedagogy, assessment strategy, teaching aids, and course bibliography are described. The humanities milieu of the course produced collegial friction whose management by the instructor is discussed. The legitimacy dispute arising from the friction led to a public controversy in the national media. The politics of that dispute are analyzed.

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Eme, Robert. "Beauchaine ontogenic process model of externalizing psychopathology a biosocial theory of crime and delinquency." Journal of Criminal Justice 43, no. 5 (2015): 443–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2015.04.011.

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Schafer, Katherine M., Grace Kennedy, Austin Gallyer, and Philip Resnik. "A direct comparison of theory-driven and machine learning prediction of suicide: A meta-analysis." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (2021): e0249833. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249833.

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Theoretically-driven models of suicide have long guided suicidology; however, an approach employing machine learning models has recently emerged in the field. Some have suggested that machine learning models yield improved prediction as compared to theoretical approaches, but to date, this has not been investigated in a systematic manner. The present work directly compares widely researched theories of suicide (i.e., BioSocial, Biological, Ideation-to-Action, and Hopelessness Theories) to machine learning models, comparing the accuracy between the two differing approaches. We conducted literature searches using PubMed, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar, gathering effect sizes from theoretically-relevant constructs and machine learning models. Eligible studies were longitudinal research articles that predicted suicide ideation, attempts, or death published prior to May 1, 2020. 124 studies met inclusion criteria, corresponding to 330 effect sizes. Theoretically-driven models demonstrated suboptimal prediction of ideation (wOR = 2.87; 95% CI, 2.65–3.09; k = 87), attempts (wOR = 1.43; 95% CI, 1.34–1.51; k = 98), and death (wOR = 1.08; 95% CI, 1.01–1.15; k = 78). Generally, Ideation-to-Action (wOR = 2.41, 95% CI = 2.21–2.64, k = 60) outperformed Hopelessness (wOR = 1.83, 95% CI 1.71–1.96, k = 98), Biological (wOR = 1.04; 95% CI .97–1.11, k = 100), and BioSocial (wOR = 1.32, 95% CI 1.11–1.58, k = 6) theories. Machine learning provided superior prediction of ideation (wOR = 13.84; 95% CI, 11.95–16.03; k = 33), attempts (wOR = 99.01; 95% CI, 68.10–142.54; k = 27), and death (wOR = 17.29; 95% CI, 12.85–23.27; k = 7). Findings from our study indicated that across all theoretically-driven models, prediction of suicide-related outcomes was suboptimal. Notably, among theories of suicide, theories within the Ideation-to-Action framework provided the most accurate prediction of suicide-related outcomes. When compared to theoretically-driven models, machine learning models provided superior prediction of suicide ideation, attempts, and death.

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Boisvert, Danielle, Jessica Wells, Todd Armstrong, Richard H. Lewis, Matthias Woeckener, and Matt R. Nobles. "Low Resting Heart Rate and Stalking Perpetration." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 35, no. 11-12 (2017): 2271–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260517698823.

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There is consistent evidence to suggest that individuals with low resting heart rate are more likely to engage in a variety of antisocial behaviors. The present study examines whether this finding can be extended to stalking perpetration. Drawing from fearlessness theory and stimulation-seeking theory, as well as conceptual work of Meloy and Fisher, we find that individuals with low resting heart rates had significantly greater odds of engaging in stalking behavior, net of controls for sex, age, race, self-control, parental affection, delinquent peers, attitudes/beliefs toward crime, and aggression. When disaggregated by sex, the heart rate–stalking relationship was found to be significant for males, but not for females. The implications of these findings are discussed from a biosocial perspective.

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Ellis, Lee. "A Biosocial Theory of Social Stratification Derived from the Concepts of Pro/Antisociality and r/K Selection." Politics and the Life Sciences 10, no. 1 (1991): 5–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0730938400016610.

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A theory of social stratification is proposed that was derived from combining two conceptual continuums, both referring to phenomena that appear to be genetically influenced: pro/antisociality and r/K selection. Pro/antisociality refers to behavioral tendencies epitomized at one end by altruism, and, at the other end, by victimizing behavior (particular violent offenses). r/K selection refers to a variety of physiological and behavioral traits, epitomized at the r-end by organisms that reproduce in large numbers, while committing minimal time and energy to the nurturing of each offspring, and at the K-end by organisms that reproduce in small numbers, but make maximum commitments to nurturing each offspring. The theory postulates that the space created by the right-angle intersection of these two variables gives rise to human social stratification. Variations in educational achievement, earnings, and occupational prestige within the theoretical space created by these two variables in industrial societies are hypothesized and discussed.

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Courtney-Seidler, Elizabeth A., Karen Burns, Irene Zilber, and Alec L. Miller. "Adolescent suicide and self-injury: Deepening the understanding of the biosocial theory and applying dialectical behavior therapy." International Journal of Behavioral Consultation and Therapy 9, no. 3 (2014): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0101638.

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Myers, Martin. "An inheritance of exclusion: Roma education, genetics and the turn to biosocial solutions." Research in Education 107, no. 1 (2019): 55–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0034523719880205.

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Since the 1990s an increasing body of genetic studies of Roma people has been conducted and used to understand their lives. This includes research on health issues such as genetic predispositions to obesity or high cholesterol levels and the migration of European Roma from the Indian subcontinent. Such work needs to be contextualised within the wide-ranging historical oppression of Roma people including their enslavement, the Holocaust, denial of human rights and a lack of access to education. Aligning genetics research to educational policy has often been problematic in the context of discredited, ‘race’ science; recently more nuanced arguments have promoted ‘post-genomic’ solutions, such as biosocial strategies, that address social justice issues. This article argues that an economy of knowledge emerges in the ‘postgenomic era’ that privileges predominantly White European, majority populations and this is particularly apparent in the context of the Roma. The promotion of educational solutions framed by genetics research underpins how cultural capital, in this case scientific knowledge and its framing within social theory such as Deleuzian assemblage will, in all likelihood, maintain the status quo for the Roma.

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Carmen, Ira H. "Bioconstitutional Politics: Toward an Interdisciplinary Paradigm." Politics and the Life Sciences 5, no. 2 (1987): 193–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0730938400002100.

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This article integrates theory and data culled from two largely unrelated subdisciplines—biopolitics and constitutional politics—to provide a “bioconstitutional” overview of power relationships among Homo sapiens. That overview features three aspects of constitutional configuration: (1) the biopsychological, evidence of which is drawn chiefly from neuroscience, primatology, biochemistry, and championship chess play; (2) the biosocial, evidence of which is drawn chiefly from gene-culture coevolutionary analysis, anthropology, social psychology, jurisprudence, and political science; (3) the biopolicy aspect, evidence of which is drawn exclusively from the American scene, most particularly Supreme Court decision making involving reproductive choice and governmental constraints on gene-cloning. Constitutionalism is conceived as a thought-action field theory, whose values are not only dynamic and functional, but also both politically influential and subject to political influence. Bioconstitutionalism supplies the requisite life science context for these patterns, and itself presents notable feedback features as humans acquire greater capacity to order their adaptive strategies through biological intervention programs.

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Richter, Jörg, Martina Schwarz, and Barbara Bauer. "Personality Characteristics Determine Health-Related Quality of Life as an Outcome Indicator of Geriatric Inpatient Rehabilitation." Current Gerontology and Geriatrics Research 2008 (2008): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/474618.

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Background. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationships between personality and quality of life during the course of geriatric rehabilitation, against the background of Cloninger's biosocial theory of personality.Methods. All consecutive patients of a geriatric rehabilitation clinic during one year were evaluated at admission and discharge () by means of the ‘‘Vienna List’’ (a newly developed questionnaire for the assessment of quality of life in patients with severe dementia), and two variants of the Temperament and Character Inventory.Results. Self-directedness showed the most general and highest impact on quality of life and successful rehabilitation.Conclusions. It is probable in old and very old individuals who are on their highest level of maturity that the character represents the most important regulatory system in the encounter with challenges of daily life, which necessitates rehabilitation.

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Pratt, Travis C., Francis T. Cullen, Kristie R. Blevins, Leah Daigle, and James D. Unnever. "The Relationship of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder to Crime and Delinquency: A Meta-Analysis." International Journal of Police Science & Management 4, no. 4 (2002): 344–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1350/ijps.4.4.344.10873.

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In recent years, criminologists have begun to focus more closely on how certain biosocial and/or neuropsychological factors may influence criminal and delinquent behaviour. One factor that is emerging as a potentially important correlate of such behaviour is Attention Deficit — often combined with hyperactivity — Disorder (ADD and/or ADHD). The results of the growing body of empirical literature assessing this link are, however, inconsistent. The present study subjects this body of research to a ‘meta-analysis' — or, ‘quantitative synthesis' — to establish both the overall effect of ADHD on crime and delinquency and the degree to which this relationship is conditioned by methodological factors across empirical studies. The analyses reveal a fairly strong association between measures of ADHD and criminal/delinquent behaviour. Nevertheless, these effects are not invariant across certain salient methodological characteristics. The implications for criminological theory and correctional policy are discussed.

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Kaufman, Erin A., and Sheila E. Crowell. "Biological and Behavioral Mechanisms of Identity Pathology Development: An Integrative Review." Review of General Psychology 22, no. 3 (2018): 245–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/gpr0000138.

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Although identity disturbance is a transdiagnostic mental health problem, modern explanatory models for its emergence are limited. To date, the social, developmental, clinical, and neuropsychological literatures exploring identity processes are also largely disconnected. Existing theories have laid the foundation for understanding important components of identity pathology, yet many overlook biological, behavioral, and interactive processes by which these difficulties may emerge. In this integrative review, we explore how broad transdiagnostic vulnerabilities for psychopathology and more specific risky behavioral processes may reciprocally interact and be refined over time into an identity disturbance profile. Our primary purpose is to review behavioral and biosocial theories and derive a testable conceptual framework for how identity disturbance emerges over the course of development. We aim to describe and integrate several disparate lines of theory and research in order to illuminate potential etiological pathways to identity pathology.

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Kuhle, Barry X. "Evolutionary Psychology is Compatible with Equity Feminism, but Not with Gender Feminism: A Reply to." Evolutionary Psychology 10, no. 1 (2012): 147470491201000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/147470491201000104.

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I comment on Eagly and Wood's biosocial constructionist evolutionary theory (2011; DOI: 10.1007/s11199-011-9949-9). Although this gender feminist theory allows for evolved physical differences between men and women and evolved psychological similarities for men and women, it fails to consider evolutionary accounts of psychological sex differences. I hypothesize that gender feminists' reluctance to acknowledge that evolution has left different fingerprints on men's and women's bodies and brains stems from two common misunderstandings of evolutionary psychology: the myth of immutability and the naturalistic fallacy. I conclude that although evolutionary psychology is eminently compatible with equity feminism, evolutionary psychology and feminist psychology will conflict as long as the latter adheres to gender feminism and its unwillingness to acknowledge the evidence for evolved psychological sex differences. Gender feminism's dualistic view of evolution hinders the search for and understanding of the proximate and ultimate causes of inequality. Feminist psychology needs to evolve by embracing equity feminism, which has no a priori stance on the origin or existence of differences between the sexes.

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Pandey, Arvind, Sada Nand Dwivedi, and Ravindra Nath Mishra. "Distribution of closed birth intervals with some biosocial components: A stochastic model and its application." Journal of Mathematical Sociology 16, no. 1 (1990): 89–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0022250x.1990.9990080.

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Richter, Jörg, Sven Brändström, Habib Emami, and Mehdi Ghazinour. "An Iranian (Farsi) Version of the Temperament and Character Inventory: A Cross-Cultural Comparison." Psychological Reports 100, no. 3_suppl (2007): 1218–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.100.4.1218-1228.

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The Temperament and Character Inventory is a widely used personality questionnaire. It was developed to measure the four temperament dimensions of Novelty Seeking, Harm Avoidance, Reward Dependence, and Persistence, as well as three character dimensions, such as Self-directedness, Cooperativeness, and Self-transcendence, described in Cloninger's unified biosocial theory of personality. In a sample of 300 Germans, 300 Swedes, and 316 Iranian subjects, a factorial structure analysis using the Procrustes rotation method showed the structure of personality to be generally equivalent across cultures. Noteworthy cultural differences between the overall Asian and European subjects reflected by the data were observed in various Temperament and Character dimensions. Seemingly, there are cultural differences in the expression of the various personality facets that require a replacement of many items in the Iranian version. The Temperament and Character Inventory is sensitive to age, sex, and cultural differences in personality.

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Michalski, Joseph H. "Financial Altruism or Unilateral Resource Exchanges? Toward a Pure Sociology of Welfare." Sociological Theory 21, no. 4 (2003): 341–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1467-9558.2003.00193.x.

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Questions concerning the essential nature of altruism, the existence of an altruistic personality, and the genetic, biosocial, and social psychological bases of altruistic behavior have dominated theory and research on the topic. The current paper reconceptualizes financial altruism sociologically as a form of unilateral resource exchanges, or welfare. The alternative definition employs Donald Black's (1979, 2000) analytic approach to describe and explain the behavior of welfare with its location and direction in social space. The paper offers several propositions that purport to explain variations in welfare by drawing upon cross-cultural research. In general, welfare flows in the direction of those who are less integrated and who have lower social status. In addition, welfare varies directly with intimacy, conventionality, and respectability. Finally, welfare varies inversely with relational distance, cultural distance, and group size. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of strengths and limitations of the general propositions advanced.

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Heschl, Adolf. "Physiognomic Similarity and Political Cooperation: An Exploratory Investigation." Politics and the Life Sciences 12, no. 1 (1993): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0730938400011254.

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Cooperation between politicians is often explained primarily by applying utilitarian concepts to coalition-building behavior. Usually, some direct or indirect advantage is held to be the main motive for cooperation, especially among those who are otherwise competitors. Drawing on sociobiological theory, this study presents an alternative approach in which truly altruistic motives may underlie and influence, as a biosocial substrate, even modern politics. This approach suggests that phenotypic similarities among individual politicians may play a role in the formation and stability of political alliances. To examine this hypothesis, physiognomic comparisons were made of the 65 delegates who gave speeches at the Nineteenth All-Soviet Party Congress of the Communist Party of the USSR, held in Moscow in 1988. The association between physiognomic similarity and expressions of verbal support was analyzed to test the hypothesis. Results suggest that speakers with faces more closely resembling that of the secretary-general were more likely to express verbal support for his policies than were others.

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Wakeman, Stephen. "The ‘one who knocks’ and the ‘one who waits’: Gendered violence in Breaking Bad." Crime, Media, Culture: An International Journal 14, no. 2 (2017): 213–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1741659016684897.

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This article provides a cultural criminological analysis of the acclaimed US television series, Breaking Bad. It is argued here that – as a cultural text – Breaking Bad is emblematic of an agenda for change surrounding criminological theories of peoples’ propensity to do harm to one another. To exemplify this, the show’s central (male) protagonist is revealed to undergo a complete biosocial transformation into a violent offender and, as such, to demonstrate the need for criminological theory to recognise and further reflect upon this process. However, at the same time, the (re)presented inability of the show’s female characters to do the same is indicative of a number of gender-related questions that progressive criminological theories of violence need to answer. In considering these two fields in tandem, the show’s criminological significance is established; it is symbolic of the need for criminology to afford greater recognition to the nuanced intersections of both biological and sociological factors in the genesis and evolution of violent human subjectivities.

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Карпин, V. Karpin, Живогляд, et al. "Types of scientific rationality in aspects of the three paradigm." Complexity. Mind. Postnonclassic 4, no. 1 (2015): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/10861.

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Since the release of the well-known work of W. Weaver «Science and Complexity» (1948) only V.S. Stepin had taken some significant efforts to develop the doctrine of the three types of systems in nature. In this case, the main achievements of V.S. Stepin in postnonclassic reduced to two fundamental results: violation of the basic principle of T. Kuhn&#180;s contradictions when changing paradigms (V.S. Stepin shows the effect of «investments», when complex systems operate classical and nonclassical rationality simultaneously) and repeated emphasis on the possibility of «change ... the probability of emerging of other (the system) conditions». At the same time, V.S. Stepin in his last works (monographs) identified a particular role of self-organization and self-development in case of complex biosocial systems. All this in theory of chaos and self-organization form 5 basic principles of functioning of complexity (or systems of the third type - STT). In fact, V.S. Stepin laid the foundation for the future (new) philosophy and developed now theory of chaos and self-organization in which humanity moved into the area of uncertainty of living (social in particular) systems completely. However, the rationality of the third type (postnonclassic) requires corrections and additions, as shown in a number of monographs of V.S. Stepin.

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Snopkowski, Kristin, and Hillard Kaplan. "A synthetic biosocial model of fertility transition: Testing the relative contribution of embodied capital theory, changing cultural norms, and women's labor force participation." American Journal of Physical Anthropology 154, no. 3 (2014): 322–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.22512.

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Brändström, Sven, Jörg Richter, and Tom Przybeck. "Distributions by Age and Sex of the Dimensions of Temperament and Character Inventory in a Cross-Cultural Perspective among Sweden, Germany, and the USA." Psychological Reports 89, no. 3 (2001): 747–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2001.89.3.747.

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Distribution by age and sex of the dimensions of the Temperament and Character Inventory were assessed cross-culturally for samples in Sweden, Germany, and the USA. The Temperament and Character Inventory is a 240-item (Sweden, 238-item), self-administered, true-false format, paper-and-pencil test developed by Cloninger and his coworkers based on his unified biosocial theory of personality. The inventory measures the Temperament dimensions Novelty Seeking, Harm Avoidance, Reward Dependence, and Persistence as well as the Character dimensions, Self-directedness, Cooperativeness, and Self-transcendence. The samples consisted of 300 German subjects, 300 Swedish subjects, and 300 U.S. subjects matched by age cohort and sex. Stability of the personality dimensions was evaluated across samples as were their age and sex distributions. We found significant effects of age, sex, and culture in univeriate and multivariate comparisons on the personality dimensions. However, several significant differences in the personality dimensions for both European samples appear to be similar compared with those of the U.S. sample. We have to conclude that sex- and age-specific norms for the dimensions of the Temperament and Character Inventory are necessary given the established significant differences.

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Connolly, Eric J., and Kevin M. Beaver. "Assessing the salience of gene–environment interplay in the development of anger, family conflict, and physical violence: A biosocial test of General Strain Theory." Journal of Criminal Justice 43, no. 6 (2015): 487–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2015.11.001.

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Fletcher, James Rupert, and Rasmus Hoffmann Birk. "From fighting animals to the biosocial mechanisms of the human mind: A comparison of Selten’s social defeat and Mead’s symbolic interaction." Sociological Review 68, no. 6 (2020): 1273–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038026120902997.

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Social defeat is a psychiatric theory accounting for the role of social environment in the aetiology of psychosis via the mechanism of stress. Social defeat stems from animal studies of stress, whereby a small rat is introduced into a larger rat’s cage and is subsequently attacked and defeated by its larger foe. The defeated rat is subjected to behavioural and hormonal analyses to explore its stress levels. The idea is that social defeat leads to social stress which may cause psychoses. In this article, we draw on the work of Jean-Paul Selten to critique the epistemics that are bound up with social defeat research. For comparative analysis, we use Mead’s Mind, Self and Society to tease out the problems of social defeat and suggest potential remedies. We contend that, in seeking to equate animal and human sociality, social defeat portrays human interaction as hostile and pathological, and minority groups as inevitably defeated. In contrast, Mead’s symbolic interaction presents human sociality as progressively organizational. Mead’s account is grounded in human exceptionalism and lacking attention to structural inequalities. Nevertheless, symbolic interaction has much to offer contemporary social defeat research, albeit whilst echoing some of its thin sociology.

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Archer, John. "Does sexual selection explain human sex differences in aggression?" Behavioral and Brain Sciences 32, no. 3-4 (2009): 249–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x09990951.

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AbstractI argue that the magnitude and nature of sex differences in aggression, their development, causation, and variability, can be better explained by sexual selection than by the alternative biosocial version of social role theory. Thus, sex differences in physical aggression increase with the degree of risk, occur early in life, peak in young adulthood, and are likely to be mediated by greater male impulsiveness, and greater female fear of physical danger. Male variability in physical aggression is consistent with an alternative life history perspective, and context-dependent variability with responses to reproductive competition, although some variability follows the internal and external influences of social roles. Other sex differences, in variance in reproductive output, threat displays, size and strength, maturation rates, and mortality and conception rates, all indicate that male aggression is part of a sexually selected adaptive complex. Physical aggression between partners can be explained using different evolutionary principles, arising from the conflicts of interest between males and females entering a reproductive alliance, combined with variability following differences in societal gender roles. In this case, social roles are particularly important since they enable both the relatively equality in physical aggression between partners from Western nations, and the considerable cross-national variability, to be explained.

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McElwee, Pamela. "The role of soils in learning and inspiration, physical and psychological experiences, and in supporting identities." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 376, no. 1834 (2021): 20200184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0184.

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This paper reviews the literature on soil and nature's contributions to people (NCP) around learning and inspiration, physical and psychological experiences, and supporting identities, revealing a range of relationships to imagining, understanding and experiencing soil. Often labelled elsewhere as ‘cultural ecosystem services’, these NCP provide a range of benefits that are mostly non-material, non-consumptive and intangible. The review finds that NCP framings help to highlight how soils have contributed to inspiring learning and creative works, like art; to mental and physical health benefits, such as through recreation and gardening; and to cultural identities and practices, including religious practices and efforts for social justice. Overall, soils have played a large role in human creative endeavours, are the root of significant relationships to the environment and can be conceptualized through key metaphors, ideas and theory as a bridge linking culture and nature together. Yet despite the wide-ranging contributions of soils to these NCP, the literature remains uneven and much more remains to be understood, including how relational values of care and stewardship with soils can be fostered and how attention to the co-produced ‘biosocial’ nature of soil can help improve practices for soil health. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The role of soils in delivering Nature's Contributions to People’.

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