Relevant bibliographies by topics / Biospheric processes

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Biospheric processes'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 28 May 2022
Last updated: 18 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Biospheric processes"

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Nelson, Mark, Sally Silverstone, and Jane Poynter. "Biosphere 2 Agriculture: Test Bed for Intensive, Sustainable, Non-Polluting Farming Systems." Outlook on Agriculture 22, no. 3 (1993): 167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072709302200307.

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Biosphere 2, a virtually airtight facility for the study of biospheric and ecosystem processes, includes an agricultural area of about 0.2 hectare for growing food for its eight crew members. Since the commencement of an initial two-year closure experiment, this agricultural system has operated without use of toxic chemicals which might pollute the small reservoirs of air, water and soil. It has produced some 90% of the nutritional needs of the crew. Foods produced comprise a wide variety of crops, including grains, starches, vegetables and fruit and a limited amount of milk, eggs, fish and meat from aquaculture and domestic animals, Waste products from both the humans and domestic animals are processed by means of anaerobic and aerobic microbial and plant systems. Inedible crop biomass and animal manure is composted. Since Biosphere 2 is designed for long-term operation and study, soil fertility must be maintained while supporting its diverse crop rotations and intensive production. The agricultural component in Biosphere 2 allows for study of its impact on overall biospheric health and dynamics, including effects on CO2 fluxes, nitrogen and other element cycling, and maintenance of good quality air and water.
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Wang, Y., N. M. Deutscher, M. Palm, et al. "Towards understanding the variability in biospheric CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes: using FTIR spectrometry and a chemical transport model to investigate the sources and sinks of carbonyl sulfide and its link to CO<sub>2</sub>." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 15, no. 18 (2015): 26025–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-15-26025-2015.

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Abstract. Understanding carbon dioxide (CO2) biospheric processes is of great importance because the terrestrial exchange drives the seasonal and inter-annual variability of CO2 in the atmosphere. Atmospheric inversions based on CO2 concentration measurements alone can only determine net biosphere fluxes, but not differentiate between photosynthesis (uptake) and respiration (production). Carbonyl sulfide (OCS) could provide an important additional constraint: it is also taken up by plants during photosynthesis but not emitted during respiration, and therefore is a potential mean to differentiate between these processes. Solar absorption Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) spectrometry allows for the retrievals of the atmospheric concentrations of both CO2 and OCS from measured solar absorption spectra. Here, we investigate co-located and quasi-simultaneous FTIR measurements of OCS and CO2 performed at three selected sites located in the Northern Hemisphere. These measurements are compared to simulations of OCS and CO2 using a chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem). The OCS simulations are driven by different land biospheric fluxes to reproduce the seasonality of the measurements. Increasing the plant uptake of Kettle et al. (2002a) by a factor of three resulted in the best comparison with FTIR measurements. However, there are still discrepancies in the latitudinal distribution when comparing with HIPPO (HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations) data spanning both hemispheres. The coupled biospheric fluxes of OCS and CO2 from the simple biosphere model (SiB) are used in the study and compared to measurements. The CO2 simulation with SiB fluxes agrees with the measurements well, while the OCS simulation reproduced a weaker drawdown than FTIR measurements at selected sites, and a smaller latitudinal gradient in the Northern Hemisphere during growing season. An offset in the timing of the seasonal cycle minimum between SiB simulation and measurements is also seen. Using OCS as a photosynthesis proxy can help to understand how the biospheric processes are reproduced in models and to further understand the carbon cycle in the real world.
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Wang, Yuting, Nicholas M. Deutscher, Mathias Palm, et al. "Towards understanding the variability in biospheric CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes: using FTIR spectrometry and a chemical transport model to investigate the sources and sinks of carbonyl sulfide and its link to CO<sub>2</sub>." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16, no. 4 (2016): 2123–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-2123-2016.

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Abstract. Understanding carbon dioxide (CO2) biospheric processes is of great importance because the terrestrial exchange drives the seasonal and interannual variability of CO2 in the atmosphere. Atmospheric inversions based on CO2 concentration measurements alone can only determine net biosphere fluxes, but not differentiate between photosynthesis (uptake) and respiration (production). Carbonyl sulfide (OCS) could provide an important additional constraint: it is also taken up by plants during photosynthesis but not emitted during respiration, and therefore is a potential means to differentiate between these processes. Solar absorption Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) spectrometry allows for the retrievals of the atmospheric concentrations of both CO2 and OCS from measured solar absorption spectra. Here, we investigate co-located and quasi-simultaneous FTIR measurements of OCS and CO2 performed at five selected sites located in the Northern Hemisphere. These measurements are compared to simulations of OCS and CO2 using a chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem). The coupled biospheric fluxes of OCS and CO2 from the simple biosphere model (SiB) are used in the study. The CO2 simulation with SiB fluxes agrees with the measurements well, while the OCS simulation reproduced a weaker drawdown than FTIR measurements at selected sites, and a smaller latitudinal gradient in the Northern Hemisphere during growing season when comparing with HIPPO (HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations) data spanning both hemispheres. An offset in the timing of the seasonal cycle minimum between SiB simulation and measurements is also seen. Using OCS as a photosynthesis proxy can help to understand how the biospheric processes are reproduced in models and to further understand the carbon cycle in the real world.
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Flach, Milan, Sebastian Sippel, Fabian Gans, et al. "Contrasting biosphere responses to hydrometeorological extremes: revisiting the 2010 western Russian heatwave." Biogeosciences 15, no. 20 (2018): 6067–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6067-2018.

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Abstract. Combined droughts and heatwaves are among those compound extreme events that induce severe impacts on the terrestrial biosphere and human health. A record breaking hot and dry compound event hit western Russia in summer 2010 (Russian heatwave, RHW). Events of this kind are relevant from a hydrometeorological perspective, but are also interesting from a biospheric point of view because of their impacts on ecosystems, e.g., reductions in the terrestrial carbon storage. Integrating both perspectives might facilitate our knowledge about the RHW. We revisit the RHW from both a biospheric and a hydrometeorological perspective. We apply a recently developed multivariate anomaly detection approach to a set of hydrometeorological variables, and then to multiple biospheric variables relevant to describe the RHW. One main finding is that the extreme event identified in the hydrometeorological variables leads to multidirectional responses in biospheric variables, e.g., positive and negative anomalies in gross primary production (GPP). In particular, the region of reduced summer ecosystem production does not match the area identified as extreme in the hydrometeorological variables. The reason is that forest-dominated ecosystems in the higher latitudes respond with unusually high productivity to the RHW. Furthermore, the RHW was preceded by an anomalously warm spring, which leads annually integrated to a partial compensation of 54 % (36 % in the preceding spring, 18 % in summer) of the reduced GPP in southern agriculturally dominated ecosystems. Our results show that an ecosystem-specific and multivariate perspective on extreme events can reveal multiple facets of extreme events by simultaneously integrating several data streams irrespective of impact direction and the variables' domain. Our study exemplifies the need for robust multivariate analytic approaches to detect extreme events in both hydrometeorological conditions and associated biosphere responses to fully characterize the effects of extremes, including possible compensatory effects in space and time.
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Azarov, S. I., and O. S. Zadunaj. "Biospheric processes forecasting by the means of synergetics." Environmental safety and natural resources 28, no. 4 (2018): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2411-4049.2018.4.56-64.

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Govorushko, S. M. "Influence of weather-climatic conditions on biospheric processes." Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics 48, no. 8 (2012): 771–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0001433812080051.

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Stagakis, Stavros, Dominik Brunner, Junwei Li, et al. "Intercomparison of biogenic CO2 flux models in four urban parks in the city of Zurich." Biogeosciences 22, no. 9 (2025): 2133–61. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-2133-2025.

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Abstract. Quantifying the capacity and dynamics of urban carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and carbon sequestration is becoming increasingly relevant in the development of integrated monitoring systems for urban greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. There are multiple challenges in achieving these goals, such as the partitioning of atmospheric measurements of CO2 fluxes to anthropogenic and biospheric processes, the insufficient understanding of urban biospheric processes, and the applicability of existing biosphere models to urban systems. In this study, we applied four biosphere models of varying complexity – diFUME, JSBACH, SUEWS, VPRM – in four urban parks in the city of Zurich and evaluated their performance against in situ measurements collected over almost 2 years on park trees and lawns. In addition, we performed an uncertainty analysis of gross primary productivity (GPP), ecosystem respiration (Reco), and net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CO2 based on the differences between the estimates of the four models and compared the estimated uncertainties and biospheric fluxes with the monthly anthropogenic CO2 emissions of a wide urban area surrounding the four parks. The results showed that, despite the large differences in model architecture, there was considerable agreement in the seasonal and diurnal GPP, Reco, and NEE estimates. Larger discrepancies between the four models were found for lawn GPP compared to tree GPP, while, for Reco, the differences between lawns and tree areas were similar. On an annual scale, all models agreed, on average, that lawns acted as CO2 sources and tree-covered areas as CO2 sinks during the simulation period, with the exception of diFUME, which simulated both tree and lawn areas as CO2 sources. diFUME and VPRM were more accurate in capturing the onset of the tree leaf growth in spring compared to JSBACH and SUEWS. On the other hand, JSBACH and SUEWS simulated soil water availability more accurately than the satellite-derived water index used by VPRM. The in situ observations revealed a very high spatial variability in lawn Reco across the park areas. All models underestimated the lawn Reco during spring in mowed, sunny locations, whereas the model simulations were closer to the observed Reco in un-mowed, partially shaded locations. The mean monthly uncertainties in biogenic NEE reached 0.8 µmolm-2s-1, which is 10.2 % of the magnitude of the total CO2 balance over the studied area during the month of June. This balance was composed of a mean anthropogenic flux of 8.7 µmolm-2s-1 and a mean biospheric flux of −0.5 µmolm-2s-1. Overall, this study highlights the importance of properly accounting for the biogenic CO2 fluxes and their uncertainties in urban CO2 balance studies, especially during the vegetation growing season, and shows that even simple models, such as VPRM, can adequately simulate the urban biospheric fluxes when appropriately parameterized.
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Godderis, Y., C. Roelandt, J. Schott, M. C. Pierret, and L. M. Francois. "Towards an Integrated Model of Weathering, Climate, and Biospheric Processes." Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry 70, no. 1 (2009): 411–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2009.70.9.

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Dinh, Thi Lan Anh, Daniel Goll, Philippe Ciais, and Ronny Lauerwald. "Impacts of land-use change on biospheric carbon: an oriented benchmark using the ORCHIDEE land surface model." Geoscientific Model Development 17, no. 17 (2024): 6725–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-6725-2024.

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Abstract. Land-use change (LUC) impacts biospheric carbon, encompassing biomass carbon and soil organic carbon (SOC). Despite the use of dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs) in estimating the anthropogenic perturbation of biospheric carbon stocks, critical evaluations of model performance concerning LUC impacts are scarce. Here, we present a systematic evaluation of the performance of the DGVM Organising Carbon and Hydrology in Dynamic Ecosystems (ORCHIDEE) in reproducing observed LUC impacts on biospheric carbon stocks over Europe. First, we compare model predictions with observation-based gridded estimates of net and gross primary productivity (NPP and GPP), biomass growth patterns, and SOC stocks. Second, we evaluate the predicted response of soil carbon stocks to LUC based on data from forest inventories, paired plots, chronosequences, and repeated sampling designs. Third, we use interpretable machine learning to identify factors contributing to discrepancies between simulations and observations, including drivers and processes not resolved in ORCHIDEE (e.g. erosion, soil fertility). Results indicate agreement between the model and observed spatial patterns and temporal trends, such as the increase in biomass with age, when simulating biosphere carbon stocks. The direction of the SOC responses to LUC generally aligns between simulated and observed data. However, the model underestimates carbon gains for cropland-to-grassland conversions and carbon losses for grassland-to-cropland and forest-to-cropland conversions. These discrepancies are attributed to bias arising from soil erosion rate, which is not fully captured in ORCHIDEE. Our study provides an oriented benchmark for assessing the DGVMs against observations and explores their potential in studying the impact of LUCs on SOC stocks.
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Демиденко, Эдуард, Eduard Demidenko, Елена Дергачева, and Elena Dergacheva. "Technical and mancaused reality of current social natural development in biospheric life transformation." Bulletin of Bryansk state technical university 2015, no. 4 (2015): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/17143.

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Technical reality is a set technical and technological objects and processes. This reality widens recently up to the world of material and artificial objects, phenomena and processes, oversteps the limits of techniques and approaches the concept of technosphere. This extensive concept itself includes the whole of artificial, lifeless, realmaterial and field, electromagnetic world. At the beginning of the XXI-st to change a technical reality began a more complicated reality. It is already different - extranatural, extrabiospheric, not neutral to biosophere and its animate nature, but transforming or even destroying a secular biospheric life. The formed in the paper new concept –“mancaused”, on the one hand, includes technical reality giving a new life not only to man, but also to terrestrial life precipitating not only processes of social development, but also socionatural one. On the other hand such a reality correlates with biosphere and human life in a different way – subjects it to pathological transformations and, as a result, to annihilation. It is necessary to investigate in a system way the formation of a mancaused reality by various institutes of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and also to create a United Institute of Prospective Regional Development in Bryansk State Technical University on basis of scientificphilosophical school for researches of integrated socialtechnonatural processes of life development.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Biospheric processes"

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Demianchuk, O., and K. Monastyretska. "Environmental problem as the component of irrational functioning of the global economy." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2016. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/45258.

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One of the main factors that affect the preservation and development of society is a clean living environment on the planet. However, in the process of inefficient functioning of the global economy one of the first items in the list of global problems is environmental issue. Conflicts concerning this matter took place even in the beginning of civilization, but today this range of problems is quite essential and urgent. Exploring the environmental problem in the global economy should take into account all the peculiarities of society at contemporary stage of development, the regularity of biospheric processes and their impact on the development of industrial activity, pressure on the environment [1].
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Rosolem, Rafael. "Land Surface Processes In Natural and Artificial Tropical Ecosystems." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194510.

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Land Surface Parameterization (LSP) schemes have evolved from simple tipping-bucket models to fully interactive models, including parameterizations which account for exchanges of momentum, energy, mass, and biogeochemistry. As the demand for greater realism has increased, so has the complexity of LSPs which now includes some parameters that may not be universally relevant to all regions of the globe. The performance of LSP schemes depends on the magnitude of structural, data-related (input and output), and parameter uncertainties in the model. Parameter estimation uncertainty can be reduced by calibrating LSPs against measurements available at field sites. Given the multiple outputs of the models, multi-objective optimization approaches are performed. Some of the parameter values used in LSPs have originally obtained from laboratory studies which analyzed plant behavior under a range of conditions in enclosed chambers. The research described in this dissertation takes advantage of currently available data from several eddy covariance flux towers located mainly in the Brazilian Amazon basin to estimate parameter values of a widely-used LSP scheme, version 3 of the Simple Biosphere model (SiB3). Background climatological data was used to assess the representativeness of the data collection period that might have affected model calibration. Variance-based sensitivity analysis was then used to investigate potential structural deficiencies in SiB3 and to reduce the dimensionality of the subsequent optimization by identifying those model parameters that merit calibration. Finally, some structural and conceptual aspects of SiB3 were tested inside Biosphere 2 Tropical Rain Forest biome (B2-TRF) under meteorological conditions that resemble those predicted in future climate scenarios for the Amazon basin.
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Adisaputro, Didi. "Metrology and Monitoring of Gases Transfer (CO₂ and CH₄) Processes within the System of Geosphere and Biosphere." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0313.

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Ce travail de recherche s'inscrit dans le prolongement de différentes études conduites notamment dans le cadre du pilote de Capture Transport et Stockage du CO₂ (pilote Total CCS, Lacq- Rousse, France) relatives au suivi des mécanismes de transfert des gaz (CO₂ et CH₄) dans les compartiments Géosphère/Biosphère/Atmosphère. De ces études, il était ressorti que l'évolution de la fraction molaire de CO₂ (χc) dans le sous-sol karstique du plateau du Jurançon était négativement corrélée aux battements de la nappe phréatique située à -45m via des mécanismes de dissolution/dégazage. Cependant, il n'est pas encore clair si cette relation existe dans l'écosystème forestier, qui représente importante de l'échange de CO₂ atmosphérique. Dans ce contexte, cette thèse se concentre sur la surveillance des échanges gazeux et de leurs processus de transport au sein de la zone critique, entre le sous-sol (-6 m), le sol (-1 m) et le couvert végétal (+50m). Nous avons développé et mis en place un système de surveillance géochimique in situ en puits dédiés pour le suivi continu de la fraction molaire de CO₂ dans le sous-sol et le sol couplé à un système de surveillance micrométéorologique utilisant une tour de flux préétablie dans l'écosystème forestier (Montiers, Région Lorraine, France). Au cours des périodes d'étude allant de Juin 2018 à Décembre 2020, l'écosystème a agi comme un puits de carbone net avec une moyenne annuelle des paramètres d’échange d'écosystème net (NEE), de productivité primaire brute (GPP) et de respiration de l'écosystème (Reco) de -453±122 gC m-2y-1, -1468 ±109 gC m-2y-1, et 1052 ±88 gC m-2y-1 respectivement. L’échange de carbone, les données météorologiques et les facteurs environnementaux durant les épisodes de sécheresse ont été comparés aux données de référence à long terme enregistrées durant les années allant de 2014 à 2017. Contrairement à certaines recherches précédentes où les paramètres NEE et Reco ont diminué parallèlement pendant les épisodes de sécheresse, les données enregistrées sur site ont montré que le paramètre Reco est plus sensible à la sécheresse que le paramètre NEE, ce qui a entraîné une augmentation significative de l'échange net au sein de l'écosystème. Ainsi, durant les périodes de sécheresses d’été et d’automne (2018-2019), le paramètre de respiration de l’écosystème (Reco) a diminué de 20 %, et 26 % par rapport aux années de référence (2014-2017). Les traitement statistique des données comparées sous-sol/sol/couvert végétal, montre des preuves empiriques solides que la turbulence du vent, mesurée au travers du paramètre de vitesse de frottement (u*) joue un rôle important dans la variabilité des concentrations de CO₂ dans les sols même jusqu’à des profondeurs de -6m, ce qui n’avait jamais été établi. Nous supposons que cela pourrait être dû aux effets de pompage de la pression qui diminue la fraction molaire de CO₂ dans le sol lors de fortes turbulences et augmente le stock age du CO₂ dans les sols profonds lors de faibles turbulences. Cette étude a aussi démontre le rôle de l’hydrométrie du sol sur ces processus d’échanges. En effet, en périodes humides, la perméabilité est considérablement réduite ce qui diminue la diffusion et l'advection moléculaires. Cette étude a également révélé une forte influence biotique sur la production de CO₂. Les valeurs de δ¹³CCO₂ dans le sous-sol de notre site peuvent être attribuées à la respiration et à la décomposition des plantes en C3. Ces origines biologiques du CO₂ du sol entraine très probablement des augmentations de la densité de l'air ce qui conduit à faire migrer le CO₂ stocké vers les couches plus profondes du sol par le biais d’un mécanisme de percolation gravitationnelle. La relation des gaz du sous-sol souligne également que les composants biogéniques dominent les origines et le processus de contrôle du CO₂ du sous-sol alors que le processus géochimique joue un rôle insignifiant<br>This study is a continuation of our previous geochemical monitoring finding at the injection wells of Rousse 1 ( Total CCS pilot, Lacq- Rousse, France) where it was identified that the soil CO₂ mole fraction (χc) evolution in subsoil was negatively correlated with the level of the water table and the CO₂ sources were attributed to the CO₂-rich aquifers. However, it is still unclear whether this relationship exists in the forest ecosystem, representing a significant proportion of the CO₂ atmospheric budget. For this reason, this thesis focuses on monitoring the gas exchange and its main driver of the transport process between soil (-1 m), subsoil (-6 m), and biosphere. We developed and implemented an in-situ geochemical monitoring system for continuous monitoring of CO₂ mole fraction in the subsoil coupled with a micrometeorological monitoring system using a pre-established flux tower in the forest Ecosystem (Montiers, Lorraine Region, France). This soil gas measurement infrastructure combining borehole measurement with micrometeorological measurement offers great possibilities for long-term in-situ and continuous gas monitoring to derive the vertical distribution of CO₂. Thus, this infrastructure allowed the observation of the temporal dynamics in soil-gas CO₂ research. During the study periods, the ecosystem acted as a net carbon sink with a mean annual NEE, GPP, and Reco of -453±122 gC m-2y-1, -1468 ±109 gC m-2y-1, and 1052 ±88 gC m-2y-1 consecutively. The Carbon exchange, climate, and environmental drivers during the drought episodes were compared with long-term reference data recorded from 2014 to 2017. In contrast with some previous research where GPP and Reco parallelly decreased during the drought episodes, our site showed Reco is more sensitive to drought than GPP, resulting in a significant increase in Net Ecosystem exchange. Reco decreased by 20%, and 26% were found in Summer and Autumn (2018-2019) relative to the ref erence years (2014-2017). This study shows strong empirical shreds of evidence that wind turbulence plays a significant role in driving the deep soil CO₂ concentration. We hypothesize that this could be due to pressure pumping effects where it decreases the CO₂ molar fraction in the soil during high turbulence and increasing the CO₂ storage in deep soil during low turbulence. This study also demonstrates that permeability significantly reduced during wet periods diminishing molecular diffusion and advection. This study also revealed a strong biotic influence on CO₂ production. The δ¹³CCO₂ values in our site subsoil can be attributed to respiration and decomposition of the C3 plants. These biological origins of soil CO₂ are highly likely increases air density resulting in gravitational percolation that leads the CO₂ stored in a deeper layer of soil. The relationship of subsoil gases also emphasizes that biogenic components dominate the origins and controlling process of subsoil CO₂ while the geochemical process plays an insignificant role
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Gueye, Kinne. "Revisiting patterns and processes of forest cover change in the tropics : a case study from southeast Mexico." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/277491.

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Vast progress has been made in detecting rates of tropical deforestation, yet the relationship between visible patterns of forest change, multi-scalar human processes and the underlying drivers associated with them is poorly understood. Building on satellite imagery, a household livelihood survey and semi-structured interviews, this research scrutinised changes of forest cover from the mid-1990s to 2015 in a municipality located in southeastern Mexico and investigated the proximate causes and underlying drivers of change at the household and community levels. Emerging evidence indicated that, contrary to the persistent narrative of deforestation for the region, forest cover change is highly dynamic including periods of deforestation and forest recovery. Moreover, a close examination of 24 communities showed forest cover gained terrain, while the agricultural frontier retracted. Drawing on a comparison between the household survey and previous analyses, it could be inferred that forest resurgence was produced by the decrease in the farming area and the increase in the abandonment of farming activities by some communities. Associated with the adaptation of households was the development of formal and informal institutions at the community level in response to macro-global forces linked to the implementation of forest conservation strategies, environmental degradation, market liberalization and increased urbanization. Overall, this research adds not only to our understanding of the complexity of land-use and cover change in emerging globalized economies but also exemplifies the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of tropical forest systems, which challenges partial models of deforestation and policies designed to reduce it. The research may be focused on a narrow region of the globe, nevertheless, the insights and recommendation provided may be useful to further forest conservation schemes in other tropical regions.
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Scheer, Clemens. "Biosphere-atmosphere-exchange of C and N trace gases and microbial N turnover processes in irrigated agricultural systems of the Aral Sea Basin, Uzbekistan." Bonn ZEF, 2008. http://d-nb.info/1000122115/34.

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Beringer, Tim [Verfasser], Wolfgang [Akademischer Betreuer] Lucht, Karlheinz [Akademischer Betreuer] Erb, and Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] Hickler. "Earth System dynamics in the Anthropocen : modelling key processes of climate-human interactions in the terrestrial biosphere / Tim Beringer. Gutachter: Wolfgang Lucht ; Karlheinz Erb ; Thomas Hickler." Berlin : Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-100198388.

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Beringer, Tim Verfasser], Wolfgang [Akademischer Betreuer] [Lucht, Karlheinz [Akademischer Betreuer] Erb, and Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] Hickler. "Earth System dynamics in the Anthropocen : modelling key processes of climate-human interactions in the terrestrial biosphere / Tim Beringer. Gutachter: Wolfgang Lucht ; Karlheinz Erb ; Thomas Hickler." Berlin : Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1019165634/34.

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Scheer, Clemens [Verfasser]. "Biosphere-atmosphere-exchange of C and N trace gases and microbial N turnover processes in irrigated agricultural systems of the Aral Sea Basin, Uzbekistan / von Clemens Scheer. [ZEF, Zentrum für Entwicklungsforschung, Bonn]." Bonn : ZEF, 2008. http://d-nb.info/1000122115/34.

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Bögel, Tim, Andre Grosa, and Thomas Herlitzius. "Potentiale zur Prozessoptimierung mittels adaptiver Bodenwerkzeuge." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-230076.

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Saleh, Adam. "Un modèle et son revers : la cogestion des réserves de biosphère de Waza et de la Bénoué dans le Nord-Cameroun." Phd thesis, Université du Maine, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00808569.

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La cogestion des aires protégées a été conçue comme un modèle innovant àimplementer dans le but d'ameliorer les conditions de vie des populations riveraineset d'assurer une conservation durable des ressources biologiques. Cette theseconfronte ce modèle à la réalité de son application dans les réserves de biosphère deWaza et de la Bénoué, au Nord du Cameroun. Afin de mettre en évidence les raisonsdu contraste entre les resultats attendus et ceux obtenus, notre methode s'appuiesur l'analyse des donnees bioécologiques, des relevés sur le terrain, des enquêtes etinterviews auprès de différents acteurs et l'examen des terroirs des zones àcogestion. Les résultats montrent que la cogestion a permis de désamorcer unesituation conflictuelle entre les parties prenantes, et qu'elle a aussi favorise lacomprehension par les acteurs en charge des deux reserves, de l'interet qu'accordentles communautés riveraines aux ressources naturelles. Toutefois, ces résultatsrévèlent que les retombées de la cogestion en matière de protection de labiodiversite et de survie des populations riveraines n'ont pas ete a la hauteur dutemps et des moyens (financiers, matériels) investis et des espoirs placés en ceprocessus par les riverains. La situation de cogestion a provoqué de violents conflits,des rancoeurs et la decrepitude des entites biologiques, objets meme de cettecogestion. Cette étude montre comment les acteurs se servent de manièredetournee, comme d'une passerelle pour atteindre des fins personnelles, de lacogestion, prise en tenaille entre ses acteurs prêts à lui faire obstacle si besoin. Sontegalement mises en lumiere les responsabilites de l'Etat engage dans ce processussans étude de faisabilité et contraint de céder une partie de ses pouvoirs à desreprésentants sur le terrain. Sur le plan local, l'analyse des relations montre desstructures étatiques restées rigides, sans concession et sans ménagement face auxpopulations. Celles-ci, galvanisées par les ONG nationales et internationales,entendaient jouer pleinement le jeu, tout en masquant leurs activites d'exploitantsillégaux. Les deux parties se découvrent sur le terrain de la cogestion avec leursidentités de maître et de sujet, de répresseur et de braconnier. Ce jeu de dupes nepouvait être associé à la gestion participative. Les phases d'elaboration du conceptthéorique de cogestion qui auraient pu prévenir cette situation, ont étéappréhendées superficiellement par les parties prenantes, hypothéquant ainsi lesrésultats du processus à moyen et long terme. Effectivement, la perte de plus dutiers du potentiel faunique des deux réserves pendant la phase de cogestion et legain insignifiant de 400 frs CFA/an par habitant dans la réserve de la Bénoué ne sontpas de nature a stimuler l'avancee et l'appropriation du processus. La manière dontla cogestion dans les réserves de biosphère de Waza et de la Bénoué a été menée,met en évidence les limites des politiques préconçues, appliquées sur le terrain sanstenir compte des savoirs autochtones et des contextes particuliers. Notre étudedemontre l'importance d'une exploitation et d'une fusion reflechies et preparees dessavoirs et des compétences locaux et exogènes, afin de relever le défi de la gestiondurable des ressources naturelles.
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Books on the topic "Biospheric processes"

1

Akademii͡a nauk SSSR. Vychislitelʹnyĭ t͡sentr, ed. Modelling of the global and regional climatic and biospheric processes. VT͡S AN SSSR, 1990.

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T, Rosswall, Woodmansee Robert George, Risser Paul G, et al., eds. Scales and global change: Spatial and temporal variability in biospheric and geospheric processes. Published on behalf of the Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment (SCOPE) of the International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU) by J. Wiley, 1988.

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G, Risser Paul, International Council of Scientific Unions. Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment, International Association for Ecology, National Research Council (U.S.). Environmental Studies Board, U.S. National Committee for the Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment, and Workshop on Spatial and Temporal Variability of Biospheric and Geospheric Processes: Research Needed to Determine Interactions with Global Environmental Change (1985 : Saint Petersburg, Fla.), eds. Spatial and temporal variability of biospheric and geospheric processes: Research needed to determine interactions with global environmental change. ICSU Press, 1986.

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Programme, World Climate Research, and International Geosphere-Biosphere Program "Global Changes.", eds. Land surface physical and biospheric processes: Report of an an-hoc joint meeting of the IGBP Co-ordinating Panel No. 3 and WCRP experts, Paris, France, 24-26 October 1989. Joint Planning Staff for WCRP, World Meteorological Organization, 1990.

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Max, Beran, and NATO Advanced Research Workshop "Prospects for Carbon Sequestration in the Biosphere" (1994 : Heriot Watt University), eds. Carbon sequestration in the biosphere: Processes and prospects. Springer, 1995.

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Ismailov, Nariman. Scientific basis of environmental biotechnology practical. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1048434.

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The monograph is devoted to modern biotechnology, which allows to solve urgent environmental problems in all areas of modern society. Described the current use of biotechnological methods for environmental protection. The common assessment of the environment, the analysis bioaccumulating capacity of the biosphere, presented information on bio-ecological potential of human society. Considers the issues of technological bio-energetics, obtaining biodegradable materials, different fields of organic waste, bioremediation of soils contaminated with petroleum products, pesticides, heavy metals, solid waste processing, utilization of oil sludge and drill cuttings, cleaning of soil and groundwater from contamination, the use of biotechnology in the oil industry and others Described the modern problems of organic agriculture and the progress in this area. Discussed microbiological, biochemical and technological fundamentals of these processes. The prospects of the use of biotechnology in integrated environmental protection. Discusses the modern view of ecological culture and ecological civilization in the framework of the problems under consideration.&#x0D; Designed for teachers, students, engineers, ecologists, agricultural workers, civil servants, decision-makers, engaged in the manufacture engaged in the development of programs for socio-ecological sustainable development.
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Evstaf'eva, Irina, Irina Yaseneva, Anna Makarova, et al. Modern aspects of environmental medicine: theory and practice on the Crimean Peninsula. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1916083.

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The monograph examines the aspects of interaction in the "society — nature" system in the process of anthropogenesis, its current state in the conditions of global anthropogenic transformation of the biosphere and the consequences for the human population. The theoretical foundations and practical approaches to solving the problem of preserving health in conditions of chemical pollution of the environment are presented; methodological approaches and methodological techniques for conducting medical and environmental monitoring at various levels (regional, sub-regional, local) to solve various tasks to assess the impact of the anthropogenically transformed environment and certain technogenic factors on human health. The results of their testing on the territory of the Crimean Peninsula are presented. The problems hindering the introduction of environmental regulation of anthropogenic impact and the development of regional environmental standards taking into account the impact on human health are identified.&#x0D; For a wide range of readers interested in environmental medicine. It can be useful for students, postgraduates and teachers of medical universities.
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Borzyh, Stanislav. Urban evolution. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1841828.

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The monograph is devoted to evolution, but in the form that man gave it. It is assumed that unnatural conditions of its flow were created in cities and near them, which changed the logic of its functioning, but this has become especially noticeable over the past hundred years, during which the entire planet was included in the orbit of our influence. This made it possible to unite the Earth into one whole, but at the same time it transformed the work of natural selection, turning it into an artificial one that concerns everyone and everything, without any exceptions. Accordingly, three planes of its unfolding are considered, namely: geography, the biosphere and our species, in each of which the same dynamics of its implementation can be traced. From all this, it is concluded that today there is no wild and inherent in the whole history of his version, but the one that prevails is that we, consciously and not, planted on this space object with all its inhabitants. This new version of it is proposed to be called urban revolution - by the name of the site of its unfolding and everything that is associated with it, but it is repeatedly emphasized that the essence of the process has remained the same, the scene where it is carried out has simply been transformed. &#x0D; It is intended for both specialists and the general public.
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Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia) International Conference "Ecological Consequences of Biosphere Processes in the Ecotone Zone of Southern Siberia and Central Asia" (2010. Ecological consequences of biosphere processes in the ecotone zone of Southern Siberia and Central Asia: Proceedings of the International Conference, September 6-8, 2010, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia = Tȯv Azi, Ȯmnȯd Sibiriĭn shilzhiltiĭn ėkobu̇siĭn shim mandal dakhʹ ėkologiĭn u̇r dagavar = Ėkologicheskie posledstvii︠a︡ biosfernykh prot︠s︡essov v ėkotonnoĭ zone I︠U︡zhnoĭ Sibiri i T︠S︡entralʹnoĭ Azii. Bembi San, 2010.

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Rosswall, Thomas, and Robert Woodmansee. Scales and Global Change: Spatial and Temporal Variability in Biospheric and Geospheric Processes (Scope). John Wiley & Sons, 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Biospheric processes"

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Moiseev, Nikita N. "Limits of Predictability for Biospheric Processes." In Predictability of Complex Dynamical Systems. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-80254-6_10.

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Vloedbeld, M., and R. Leemans. "Quantifying Feedback Processes In the Response of The Terrestrial Carbon Cycle to Global Change: The Modeling Approach of Image-2." In Terrestrial Biospheric Carbon Fluxes:. Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1982-5_41.

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Goddéris, Yves, Caroline Roelandt, Jacques Schott, Marie-Claire Pierret, and Louis M. François. "9. Towards an Integrated Model of Weathering, Climate, and Biospheric Processes." In Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Water-Rock Interaction, edited by Eric H. Oelkers and Jacques Schott. De Gruyter, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781501508462-011.

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Pirajno, Franco. "Hydrothermal Systems and the Biosphere." In Hydrothermal Processes and Mineral Systems. Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8613-7_10.

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Flügge, Ulf-Ingo, Andreas Weber, and Karsten Fischer. "Transport Processes in Plant Cells." In Photosynthesis: from Light to Biosphere. Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0173-5_1020.

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Billmark, Kaycie A., and Timothy J. Griffis. "Influence of Phenology and Land Management on Biosphere-Atmosphere Isotopic CO2 Exchange." In Phenology of Ecosystem Processes. Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0026-5_6.

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Heitkamp, Felix, Anna Jacobs, Hermann F. Jungkunst, Stefanie Heinze, Matthias Wendland, and Yakov Kuzyakov. "Processes of Soil Carbon Dynamics and Ecosystem Carbon Cycling in a Changing World." In Recarbonization of the Biosphere. Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4159-1_18.

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Puchenkov, Oleg V., Zohar Kopf, and Shmuel Malkin. "Dynamic Photoacoustic Diagnostics of Laser Induced Processes in Bacterial Reaction Centers." In Photosynthesis: from Light to Biosphere. Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0173-5_198.

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Fuks, B., and F. Homblé. "Molecular Properties of Ion Transport Processes in the Chloroplast Inner Envelope Membrane." In Photosynthesis: from Light to Biosphere. Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0173-5_1024.

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Herrmann, R. G., I. Karnauchov, P. Dörfel, L. Altschmied, H. Pakrasi, and R. B. Klösgen. "Unexpected diversity of routing processes for nuclear-encoded thylakoid proteins and its phylogenetic impact." In Photosynthesis: from Light to Biosphere. Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0173-5_625.

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Conference papers on the topic "Biospheric processes"

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Yelistratova, Lesya, Alexander Apostolov, Artur Hodorovsky, Olha Tomchenko, and Maksym Tymchyshyn. "SATELLITE MONITORING OF ANTHROPOGENIC PROCESSES AND FACTORS OF LAND DEGRADATION IN UKRAINE." In 24th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2024. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024/2.1/s10.35.

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The relevance of the research lies in the fact that the well-being of the Ukrainian nation, present and future generations, largely depends on the preservation of existing ecosystems, their support, and the enhancement of their quality and biodiversity. Particular attention should be paid to the problem of land cover degradation. Land cover currently holds a unique status regarding food security and is a dominant source for renewing crucial biospheric functions, ensuring the diversity of living organisms. The anthropogenic and technological pressure on Ukraine's environment (land cover) exceeds several times the corresponding indicators in developed countries. A remote sensing data methodology was proposed to assess the impact of human, technical activities (anthropogenic predictor) on land cover degradation. As a result of the research, the obtained data allowed for the assessment of Ukraine's land cover status and revealed the degree of its degradation caused by the influence of anthropogenic factors, namely, irrational agricultural practices, non-efficient long-term exploitation of mineral deposits, ineffective urban infrastructure design, irrational practices in forestry and park management, the influence of reservoirs, forest, and steppe fires, as well as military activities.
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Manaenkov, Oleg, Olga Kislitsa, Antonina Stepacheva, Linda Nikoshvili, and Valentina Matveeva. "OPTIMIZATION OF PROCESS CONDITIONS FOR THE CATALYTIC CONVERSION OF MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE INTO SUGAR ALCOHOLS." In 24th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 24. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024/4.1/s17.21.

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The scale of annual reproduction of cellulose-containing biomass in nature allows us to draw an unambiguous conclusion that cellulose is the only source of raw materials for the chemical and fuel industries, representing a real alternative to fossil resources and, first of all, oil. Cellulose is the main component of plant biomass. According to some estimates, almost half of the organic carbon in the biosphere is contained in cellulose. Hydrolytic hydrogenation is a special case of carbohydrate hydrogenation. With regard to cellulose, the essence of the process is to combine the processes of its hydrolysis and hydrogenation of the resulting glucose. Cellulose is a difficult-to-process substrate, which determines the �harsh� reaction conditions for its hydrolytic hydrogenation. In this regard, it is important to optimize the reaction conditions in order to increase the yield of the target products - sorbitol and mannitol. In this study, the reaction conditions for the conversion of microcrystalline cellulose in the presence of Ru-containing polymeric catalysts (temperature, pressure H2, time, substrate/catalyst ratio, reactor volume) were optimized. As a result, the maximum selectivity for sorbitol was 43.5 %, mannitol - 3.7 % with a cellulose conversion of 64 %. Also, based on the results of the study, a mathematical model was proposed to formally describe the kinetics of hydrogenation/hydrogenolysis of glucose.
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Дергачева, Елена, and Elena Dergacheva. "Visualizing Socio-techno-natural Processes: Issues and Challenges." In 29th International Conference on Computer Graphics, Image Processing and Computer Vision, Visualization Systems and the Virtual Environment GraphiCon'2019. Bryansk State Technical University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/graphicon-2019-2-168-172.

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Contemporary models and systems of data visualization, implemented on the basis of information technology, individually cover social, technological and natural processes of the world development. Modern world is developing in the conditions of transformational transitional processes, when the artificial shell, the technosphere, created by the society becomes the leading life-support system instead of the biosphere. It is a full-fledged participant in the exchange processes between a globalizing technogenic society and transforming nature, which allows us to talk about forming socio-techno-natural laws of developing the world and life. There are no integrative visual models in the world that represent evolutionary changes in three systems simultaneously – society (and man), the technosphere and the technologically transformed biosphere, on the basis of which it is possible to predict the formation of a sustainable future for humanity in connection with the expansion of socio-technonatural processes. The generally recognized visualization methodology must be supplemented by the methodology of the philosophy of the world socio-technogenic development and the change in the evolution of life for a better visual representation and explanation of the transformation processes taking place in the changing world that is becoming post-biospheric. Interdisciplinary philosophical view allows capturing the world in the integrity of its diverse characteristics and at the same time forming a problem field for visualizing transformational processes. The fundamental role of the integration link belongs to information technology, which allows us to represent visually heterogeneous data with the aim of further developing models for the safe development of mankind in the technosphere.
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KUZMENKO, A. A. "PHILOSOPHICAL UNDERSTANDING OF THE MODERNIZATION OF EDUCATIONAL APPROACHES TO ERGODESIGN IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBAL BIOSPHERIC TRANSFORMATION OF LIFE." In FORTUNES OF NATIONAL CULTURES IN GLOBALIZATION CONTEXT: BETWEEN TRADITION AND THE NEW REALITY. Chelyabinsk State University Publishing House, 2024. https://doi.org/10.47475/9785727120088_257.

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The change in the orientation of education from a technocratic to a biospheric strategy for the development of life involves not only a change in emphasis in ergodesign curricula, but also a rethinking of learning goals and methods. An important aspect of this process is the integration into the educational process of knowledge about the design of complex life environments based on ideas about the interrelationships of processes in the world and their evolutionary orientation. This approach should become the basis for the formation of a holistic worldview in the field of ergodesign, safe living conditions. In this context, it is important that education provides an understanding of modern ideological and social problems, as well as contributes to human adaptation to new living conditions.
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Mitra, A. P. "Biosphere—Geosphere interactive processes." In Basic space science. AIP, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.41722.

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Dolgopolova, N., A. Nagornyh, D. Vishneveckiy, and G. Feoktistov. "PRODUCTIVITY OF AGROCENOSES, ASSESSMENT AND METHODS OF REGULATING OF SOIL FERTILITY." In «PROBLEMS OF SOIL FERTILITY IN MODERN AGRICULTURE». Krasnoyarsk Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture is a separate division of the Federal Research Center KSC SB RAS, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.52686/9785605087878_181.

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The article raises the issues of the development of the biosphere, which is carried out against the background of complex processes of metabolism of matter and energy. Under the influence of V.I. Vernadsky's ideas, major progress was made in studying the movement of chemical elements and the redistribution of matter within various parts of the biosphere. The energy of soil formation is a new scientific direction that studies on the basis of a systematic analysis the patterns of transformation of solar energy spent on soil formation (physical and chemical destruction of soil-forming rocks, hypergenic transformation of minerals, evaporation and transpiration, heat exchange in the soil-atmosphere system, biological processes of transformation of organic and mineral substances, etc.), revealing objective ecological conditions of formation and distribution of soils and biogeocenoses in the biosphere.
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Baryshnikova, O. N. "ABIOTIC FACTORS FOR FORMING LANDSCAPE DIVERSITY." In Prirodopol'zovanie i ohrana prirody: Ohrana pamjatnikov prirody, biologicheskogo i landshaftnogo raznoobrazija Tomskogo Priob'ja i drugih regionov Rossii. Izdatel'stvo Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-94621-954-9-2020-2.

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Throughout geological history, there is a change in zonal and azonal factors in the formation of landscape diversity. The leading factors in the formation of landscape diversity are processes external to the biosphere. These are the activity of the Sun and endogenous geological processes.
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Lazorenko-Hevel, N., B. Denysiuk, I. Halius, and V. Zatserkovnyi. "Geoinformation maintenance of the territory of Chornobilskiy radio-ecological biosphere reserve for monitoring conduction." In XIV International Scientific Conference “Monitoring of Geological Processes and Ecological Condition of the Environment”. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.202056056.

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Ursul, Arkady, and Tatyana Ursul. "ON THE WAY TO GLOBAL WORLD: GLOBAL PROCESSES AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT." In Globalistics-2020: Global issues and the future of humankind. Interregional Social Organization for Assistance of Studying and Promotion the Scientific Heritage of N.D. Kondratieff / ISOASPSH of N.D. Kondratieff, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46865/978-5-901640-33-3-2020-76-81.

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Global research has already included the unfolding global process of sustainable development, which should ensure our common future, existence, the safe evolution of civilization and the preservation of the biosphere. Taking into account the global transition to sustainable development, the article proposes to understand the global world as a stage of socio-natural development, which will be formed through the achievement of general planetary and geocosmic stability.
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Liang, Chi-Hsin, Wei-Hao Huang, Chun-I. Chen, and Teng-Wen Chang. "A Visual Manipulation Approach over Constructive Process Management-Interactive Circles Biosphere." In 22nd International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction. International Association for Automation and Robotics in Construction (IAARC), 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.22260/isarc2005/0070.

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Reports on the topic "Biospheric processes"

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J. Schmitt. Biosphere Process Model Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/837091.

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Tappen, J. J. Evaluation of Features, Events, and Processes (FEP) for the Biosphere Model. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/836506.

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M. Wasiolek and P. Rogers. Evaluation of Features, Events, and Processes (FEP) for the Biosphere Model. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/839516.

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Wasiolek, M. A. Evaluation of Features, Events, and Processes (FEP) for the Biosphere Model. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/827809.

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Mizrahi, Itzhak, and Bryan A. White. Uncovering rumen microbiome components shaping feed efficiency in dairy cows. United States Department of Agriculture, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7600020.bard.

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Ruminants provide human society with high quality food from non-human-edible resources, but their emissions negatively impact the environment via greenhouse gas production. The rumen and its resident microorganisms dictate both processes. The overall goal of this project was to determine whether a causal relationship exists between the rumen microbiome and the host animal's physiology, and if so, to isolate and examine the specific determinants that enable this causality. To this end, we divided the project into three specific parts: (1) determining the feed efficiency of 200 milking cows, (2) determining whether the feed- efficiency phenotype can be transferred by transplantation and (3) isolating and examining microbial consortia that can affect the feed-efficiency phenotype by their transplantation into germ-free ruminants. We finally included 1000 dairy cow metadata in our study that revealed a global core microbiome present in the rumen whose composition and abundance predicted many of the cows’ production phenotypes, including methane emission. Certain members of the core microbiome are heritable and have strong associations to cardinal rumen metabolites and fermentation products that govern the efficiency of milk production. These heritable core microbes therefore present primary targets for rumen manipulation towards sustainable and environmentally friendly agriculture. We then went beyond examining the metagenomic content, and asked whether microbes behave differently with relation to the host efficiency state. We sampled twelve animals with two extreme efficiency phenotypes, high efficiency and low efficiency where the first represents animals that maximize energy utilization from their feed whilst the later represents animals with very low utilization of the energy from their feed. Our analysis revealed differences in two host efficiency states in terms of the microbial expression profiles both with regards to protein identities and quantities. Another aim of the proposal was the cultivation of undescribed rumen microorganisms is one of the most important tasks in rumen microbiology. Our findings from phylogenetic analysis of cultured OTUs on the lower branches of the phylogenetic tree suggest that multifactorial traits govern cultivability. Interestingly, most of the cultured OTUs belonged to the rare rumen biosphere. These cultured OTUs could not be detected in the rumen microbiome, even when we surveyed it across 38 rumen microbiome samples. These findings add another unique dimension to the complexity of the rumen microbiome and suggest that a large number of different organisms can be cultured in a single cultivation effort. In the context of the grant, the establishment of ruminant germ-free facility was possible and preliminary experiments were successful, which open up the way for direct applications of the new concepts discovered here, prior to the larger scale implementation at the agricultural level.
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