Journal articles: 'Bioswales'

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Zhou, Jianpeng, Azadeh Akhavan Bloorchian, Sina Nassiri, and Abdolreza Osouli. "A Simplified Model for Predicting the Effectiveness of Bioswale’s Control on Stormwater Runoff from Roadways." Water 13, no. 20 (October 9, 2021): 2798. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13202798.

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Bioswales are commonly constructed along roadways to control stormwater runoff. Many factors can affect the performance of a bioswale such as the size of the bioswale and its associated drainage area, rainfall characteristics, site conditions, soil properties, and deterioration of the bioswale’s condition over usage. Transportation agencies and engineering communities need a reliable and convenient method for predicting the effectiveness of bioswale. Although available software tools can be used to model and analyze design options, input values for a large number of variables and highly skilled modelers are required to handle these sophisticated modeling tools. The objective of this study was to develop a simplified and easy-to-use mathematical model for predicting the effectiveness of bioswales through empirical predictions of stormwater runoff as a function of four key parameters: area ratio (bioswale surface area to its drainage service area), rainfall depth, rainfall intensity, and sediment accumulation (build-up) on bioswale’s surface area. A PCSWMM model was developed to simulate the physical conditions of a field-scale bioswale. This PCSWMM tool was also used to simulate an idealized (conceptual) catchment model that represents common highway geometries and characteristics. A total of 72 scenarios were simulated on various combinations of the four studied parameters: area ratio (9%, 13%); rainfall depth (2.54, 5.08, 7.62, 10.16 cm); rainfall intensity (2.54, 5.08, 10.16 cm/h); and sediment accumulation (0, 0.25, 1.78 cm). Half of the total scenarios (i.e., 36 scenarios) were used to develop a new simplified mathematical model, and the other 36 scenarios were used to calibrate and validate this newly developed model. The analysis revealed a reasonable correlation (R2 = 0.967) between modelled predictions and PCSWMM-simulated results, indicating the newly developed mathematical model can serve as an adequate alternative for simulating bioswales’ performance for stormwater runoff control.

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Shetty, Nandan, Ranran Hu, Jessica Hoch, Brian Mailloux, Matthew Palmer, Duncan Menge, Krista McGuire, Wade McGillis, and Patricia Culligan. "Quantifying Urban Bioswale Nitrogen Cycling in the Soil, Gas, and Plant Phases." Water 10, no. 11 (November 12, 2018): 1627. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10111627.

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Bioswales are a common feature of urban green infrastructure plans for stormwater management. Despite this fact, the nitrogen (N) cycle in bioswales remains poorly quantified, especially during dry weather in the soil, gas, and plant phases. To quantify the nitrogen cycle across seven bioswale sites located in the Bronx, New York City, we measured rates of ammonium and nitrate production in bioswale soils. We also measured soil nitrous oxide gas emissions and plant foliar nitrogen. We found that all mineralized nitrogen underwent nitrification, indicating that the soils were nitrogen-rich, particularly during summer months when nitrogen cycling rates increase, as indicated by higher levels of ammonium in the soil. In comparison to mineralization (0 to 110 g N m−2 y−1), the amounts of nitrogen uptake by the plants (0 to 5 g N m−2 y−1) and of nitrogen in gas emissions from the soils (1 to 10 g N m−2 y−1) were low, although nitrous oxide gas emissions increased in the summer. The bioswales’ greatest influx of nitrogen was via stormwater (84 to 591 g N m−2 y−1). These findings indicate that bioswale plants receive overabundant nitrogen from stormwater runoff. However, soils currently used for bioswales contain organic matter contributing to the urban nitrogen load. Thus, bioswale designs should use less nitrogen rich soils and minimize fertilization for lower nitrogen runoff.

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Faraj, Bahram Abdalrahman, and Yaseen Ahmed Hamaamin. "Optimization of Locations for Bioswales Stormwater Management Using BMP Siting Tool - Case Study of Sulaymaniyah City-KRG-Iraq." Journal of Engineering 29, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 76–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2023.01.05.

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Today, urban Stormwater management is one of the main concerns of municipalities and stakeholders. Drought and water scarcity made rainwater harvesting one of the main steps toward climate change adaptation. Due to the deterioration of the quality of urban runoff and the increase of impermeable urban land use, the treatment of urban runoff is essential. Best Management Practice (BMP) and Low Impact Development (LID) approaches are necessary to combat climate change consequences by improving the quantity and quality of water resources. The application of Bioswales along urban streets and roadways can reduce the stress on water resources, recharge groundwater and prevent groundwater pollution. While Sulaymaniyah City has a combined sewer network, the application of Bioswales makes wastewater treatment possible in all seasons. This study aimed to determine suitable locations for LID as one of the methods of urban runoff management in Sulaymaniyah City, KRG Iraq. The research modeled and optimized the placement of Bioswales using the BMP Sitting Tool (BST) in the ArcGIS program. Results of the study suggested a total area of 104329 m2 in 530 locations for the installation of the Bioswale system. Also, results showed that land use parameters and soil hydrological groups could be considered important factors in selecting a suitable location for Bioswale system establishment.

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Papuga, Shirley Anne, Emily Seifert, Steven Kopeck, and Kyotaek Hwang. "Ecohydrology of Green Stormwater Infrastructure in Shrinking Cities: A Two-Year Case Study of a Retrofitted Bioswale in Detroit, MI." Water 14, no. 19 (September 29, 2022): 3064. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14193064.

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Stormwater management is of great importance in large shrinking cities with aging and outdated infrastructure. Maintenance of vegetated areas, particularly referred to as green infrastructure, is often aimed at mitigating flooding and the urban heat island effect by stormwater storage and evaporative cooling, respectively. This approach has been applied in large cities as a cost-effective and eco-friendly solution. However, the ecohydrological processes and how the ecohydrology influences the function of green infrastructure and its potential to provide those ecosystem services are not well understood. In this study, continuous field measurements including air temperature, stomatal conductance, and phenocam images were taken in a 308 m2 bioswale retrofitted into a 4063 m2 parking lot on the Wayne State University campus in Detroit, Michigan over a two-year period. Our results suggest that plant characteristics such as water use efficiency impact the ecohydrological processes within bioswales and that retrofitted bioswales will need to be adapted over time to meet environmental demands to allow for full and sustained success. Therefore, projected shifts in precipitation regime change are expected to affect the performance of green infrastructure, and each bioswale needs to be developed and engineered to be able to adapt to changing rainfall patterns.

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Coelho, Arnaldo T., Gustavo B. Menezes, Terezinha C. de Brito Galvão, and Joaquim F. T. Coelho. "Performance of Rolled Erosion Control Products (RECPs) as Bioswale Revetments." Sustainability 13, no. 14 (July 11, 2021): 7731. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13147731.

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Vegetated swales, or bioswales, are among the most commonly used type of green infrastructure (GI) for managing stormwater in temperate climate regions. However, performance data on bioswale drainage technology applied to highly weathered soils (low fertility, high acidity, and erosion prone) in tropical and subtropical climates are still limited. Aimed at closing this gap, this research investigated the performance—assessed in terms of vegetation biomass, biodiversity and coverage of swale, the structural integrity of revetments, and erosion control potential—and cost effectiveness of five rolled erosion control products (RECPs) currently available on the market, in combination with herbaceous vegetation as the revetment of drainage swales, in tropical soils. Additionally, the research project evaluated the performance of a new preseeded RECP, the Preseeded Reinforcement Mat, for drainage in areas that are difficult to access. The performances of all six RECPs were generally adequate as bioswale revetments in the conditions investigated, with performance index values ranging from 6 to 10 in a 0 to 10 scale. At the same time, some RECPs were more conducive to the growth of regional herbaceous vegetation species, measured in terms of biodiversity, which ranged from 2 to 14 species in the different bioswales, and some were more cost effective than others, with costs ranging from 19% to 106% of the cost of concrete lined swales.

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Purvis, Rebecca A., Ryan J. Winston, William F. Hunt, Brian Lipscomb, Karthik Narayanaswamy, Andrew McDaniel, Matthew S. Lauffer, and Susan Libes. "Evaluating the Hydrologic Benefits of a Bioswale in Brunswick County, North Carolina (NC), USA." Water 11, no. 6 (June 20, 2019): 1291. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11061291.

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Bioswales are a promising stormwater control measure (SCM) for roadway runoff management, but few studies have assessed performance on a field scale. A bioswale is a vegetated channel with underlying engineered media and a perforated underdrain to promote improved hydrologic and water quality treatment. A bioswale with a rip-rap lined forebay was constructed along state highway NC 211 in Bolivia, North Carolina, USA, and monitored for 12 months. Thirty-seven of the 39 monitored rain events exfiltrated into underlying soils, resulting in no appreciable overflow or underdrain volume. The bioswale completely exfiltrated a storm event of 86.1 mm. The one event to have underdrain-only flow was 4.8 mm. The largest and third-largest rainfall depth events (82.6 and 146 mm, respectively) had a large percentage (85%) of volume exfiltrated, but also had appreciable overflow and underdrain volumes exiting the bioswale, resulting in no peak flow mitigation. Overall, this bioswale design was able to capture and manage storms larger than the design storm (38 mm), showing the positive hydrologic performance that can be achieved by this bioswale. The high treatment capabilities were likely due to the high infiltration rate of the media and the underlying soil, longer forebay underlain with media, gravel detention layer with an underdrain, and shallow slope.

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Xiao, Qingfu, E. McPherson, Qi Zhang, Xinlei Ge, and Randy Dahlgren. "Performance of Two Bioswales on Urban Runoff Management." Infrastructures 2, no. 4 (September 27, 2017): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures2040012.

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Jo, Juwon, Byungsook Choi, and Myeongwoo Lee. "Proposal for Adoption of Bioswale for the Sustainability of Residential Complexes." Journal of the Korean Housing Association 31, no. 5 (October 25, 2020): 71–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.6107/jkha.2020.31.5.071.

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Anderson, Brian S., Bryn M. Phillips, Jennifer P. Voorhees, Katie Siegler, and Ronald Tjeerdema. "Bioswales reduce contaminants associated with toxicity in urban storm water." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 35, no. 12 (August 4, 2016): 3124–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.3472.

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10

Scharenbroch, Bryant C., Justin Morgenroth, and Brian Maule. "Tree Species Suitability to Bioswales and Impact on the Urban Water Budget." Journal of Environmental Quality 45, no. 1 (January 2016): 199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2015.01.0060.

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Shetty, Nandan H., Ranran Hu, Brian J. Mailloux, Diana Y. Hsueh, Wade R. McGillis, Mark Wang, Kartik Chandran, and Patricia J. Culligan. "Studying the effect of bioswales on nutrient pollution in urban combined sewer systems." Science of The Total Environment 665 (May 2019): 944–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.121.

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Li, Jiake, Chunbo Jiang, Tingting Lei, and Yajiao Li. "Experimental study and simulation of water quality purification of urban surface runoff using non-vegetated bioswales." Ecological Engineering 95 (October 2016): 706–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2016.06.060.

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13

Liu, Bing, Gang Xie, Yousheng Wang, Xiaolin Yin, Xiaoming Zhang, and Yang Zhao. "Storm Water and Contamination Control Efficiency Evaluation for Construction of a Neighborhood Project Using Low Impact Development." MATEC Web of Conferences 246 (2018): 01068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201824601068.

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Urban flooding and water pollution are urgent problems to be solved in urban development. The improvement of urban drainage and water quality in urban construction using ecological measures is an important research task. Low impact development (LID) is a new concept in soil and water conservation aimed at improving urban rainwater use and reducing non-point source pollution. This paper discusses the best management practices (BMPs) related to storm water and contamination control efficiency by comparing pre-development and post-development neighborhoods (both conventional and LID designs). The study area was Weatherford, Oklahoma, United States. The results showed that conventional design had the lowest total runoff but highest peak rate, infiltration trenches with rain barrels were more efficient than bioswales, and the use of LID design would reduce total runoff and peak rate significantly. However, LID design would increase construction and annual maintenance fees.

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14

Everett, G., J. E. Lamond, A. T. Morzillo, A. M. Matsler, and F. K. S. Chan. "Delivering Green Streets: an exploration of changing perceptions and behaviours over time around bioswales in Portland, Oregon." Journal of Flood Risk Management 11 (December 17, 2015): S973—S985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfr3.12225.

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Larasati, Finky, Fadly Tanjung, Harun Haq, and Irfan Afif. "PENERAPAN SPONGE CITY PADA KAWASAN KAMPUNG MANGGARAI, JAKARTA." REKSABUMI 2, no. 1 (January 9, 2023): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33830/reksabumi.v2i1.3001.2023.

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Padatnya kawasan perkotaan akibat pertumbuhan penduduk menyebabkan timbulnya permukiman kumuh. Kondisi ini sering dijumpai pada permukiman yang berada di sempadan sungai Provinsi DKI Jakarta, khususnya Kampung Manggarai. Keberadaan lahan permukiman ini berdampak pada perubahan proporsi tutupan lahan, sehingga mengurangi area resapan air. Studi ini mengaplikasikan konsep sponge city yang telah disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan wilayah studi. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara, observasi, dan perolehan data sekunder. Metode analisis dilakukan dengan membandingkan kriteria ketiga elemen rencana, yaitu (a) Green Neighborhood (b) Permeable Road (c) Utility terhadap kondisi eksisting menggunakan metode gap analysis untuk menghasilkan rekomendasi. Studi ini dilakukan dengan merancang sebuah kawasan kumuh untuk menyelesaikan persoalan banjir. Beberapa rekomendasi yang dapat dilakukan diantaranya: (1) Penambahan area resapan air; (2) Penataan daerah terbangun dengan penyediaan bangunan hunian vertikal; (3) Pengaplikasian konstruksi jalan dengan material ramah lingkungan dan memiliki daya resap air yang tinggi seperti permeable paving block; (4) Penyediaan fasilitas manajemen limpasan air hujan seperti sumur resapan, bioswales, dan kolam retensi.

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Norman, Laura M., Benjamin L. Ruddell, Deborah J. Tosline, Michael K. Fell, Blair P. Greimann, and Jay R. Cederberg. "Developing Climate Resilience in Aridlands Using Rock Detention Structures as Green Infrastructure." Sustainability 13, no. 20 (October 13, 2021): 11268. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132011268.

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The potential of ecological restoration and green infrastructure has been long suggested in the literature as adaptation strategies for a changing climate, with an emphasis on revegetation and, more recently, carbon sequestration and stormwater management. Tree planting and “natural” stormwater detention structures such as bioswales, stormwater detention basins, and sediment traps are popular approaches. However, the experimental verification of performance for these investments is scarce and does not address rock detention structures specifically. This 3-year study investigates the infiltration, peak flow mitigation, and microclimate performance of a natural wash stormwater retention installation using one-rock dams in an urban park in Phoenix, Arizona, USA. Field data collected during the study do not depict change in the hydrogeomorphology. However, hydrologic modeling, using data collected from the field, portrays decreases in peak flows and increases in infiltration at the treated sites. Additionally, we observe a lengthening of microclimate cooling effects following rainfall events, as compared with the untreated sites. In this urban arid land setting, the prospect that rock detention structures themselves could reduce warming or heat effects is promising.

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Norman, Laura M., Benjamin L. Ruddell, Deborah J. Tosline, Michael K. Fell, Blair P. Greimann, and Jay R. Cederberg. "Developing Climate Resilience in Aridlands Using Rock Detention Structures as Green Infrastructure." Sustainability 13, no. 20 (October 13, 2021): 11268. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132011268.

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The potential of ecological restoration and green infrastructure has been long suggested in the literature as adaptation strategies for a changing climate, with an emphasis on revegetation and, more recently, carbon sequestration and stormwater management. Tree planting and “natural” stormwater detention structures such as bioswales, stormwater detention basins, and sediment traps are popular approaches. However, the experimental verification of performance for these investments is scarce and does not address rock detention structures specifically. This 3-year study investigates the infiltration, peak flow mitigation, and microclimate performance of a natural wash stormwater retention installation using one-rock dams in an urban park in Phoenix, Arizona, USA. Field data collected during the study do not depict change in the hydrogeomorphology. However, hydrologic modeling, using data collected from the field, portrays decreases in peak flows and increases in infiltration at the treated sites. Additionally, we observe a lengthening of microclimate cooling effects following rainfall events, as compared with the untreated sites. In this urban arid land setting, the prospect that rock detention structures themselves could reduce warming or heat effects is promising.

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Kim, Heenyun, and Gunwoo Kim. "An Effectiveness Study on the Use of Different Types of LID for Water Cycle Recovery in a Small Catchment." Land 10, no. 10 (October 8, 2021): 1055. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10101055.

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Low-Impact Development (LID) is alleviating the water cycle problems that arise from an increasing impervious surface area caused by urbanization. However, there is insufficient research on the application and analyses of LID techniques that are used for studying the management goals for water cycle restoration. The present study applied various LID techniques, utilizing the stormwater management model (SWMM) in the Naju-Noan Waterfront Zone Construction Project and studying its effects, aiming to restore the runoff that had increased due to urbanization to its pre-development state. The five LID techniques used in the analysis were permeable pavements, bioswales, rainwater gardens, green roofs, and planter boxes, which took up 36.2% of the total area. Our analysis showed that development increased the runoff rate from 39.4% to 62.4%, and LID reduced it to 34.7%. Furthermore, development increased the peak flow from 0.77 m³/s to 1.08 m³/s, and the application of LID reduced it to 0.78 m³/s. An effective reduction in the runoff and peak flow was shown in every recurrence period that was tested, and the bioretention cell type of LID showed the best effectiveness per unit area compared with permeable pavements and green roofs.

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Feraud, Marina, and Patricia A. Holden. "Evaluating the relationships between specific drainage area characteristics and soil metal concentrations in long-established bioswales receiving suburban stormwater runoff." Science of The Total Environment 757 (February 2021): 143778. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143778.

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Delgado-Lemus, Tzitzi Sharhí, and Ana Isabel Moreno-Calles. "Agroforestry Contributions to Urban River Rehabilitation." Sustainability 14, no. 13 (June 23, 2022): 7657. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14137657.

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The context of urban rivers is one of pollution of their courses, the degradation of riparian habitats, the loss of biodiversity, and the marginalization of the human populations that live next to them. Due to urban growth, the hydrological dynamics in entire basins and the hydromorphology of rivers are changing. This situation increases flooding, decreases the availability of water for human use, and disconnects the rivers from the dynamics of the city. Agroforestry is the integration of cultural, wild, and domesticated diversity with use, conservation, and restoration objectives. These practices in cities can contribute to addressing the problems mentioned. We analyze agroforestry practices and the socio-ecological contributions to urban river rehabilitation. We review 37 experiences worldwide. Agroforestry practices included in the review are trees and hedgerows; wetland agroforestry; aquatic, botanical, edible, educational, and rain gardens; bioswales; green parking lots; food forestry; vegetation in alleys and streets; vertical terrace walls, among others. Agroforestry contributes to efforts to solve urban river problems, improve water quality and access, restore riparian habitats, enhance river hydromorphology, support local economies, and create a river culture. We emphasize promoting multi-relational people–river interactions based on theoretical and practical frameworks that integrate diverse disciplines, perspectives, and experiences.

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Li, Zekun, and Vivian Loftness. "Mitigating and adapting to climate change with a taxonomy of smart urban surfaces." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2069, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2069/1/012225.

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Abstract Rapid urbanization is replacing natural land with dark, impervious surfaces. This has led to dire urban consequences including rising temperatures and stormwater deluge, resulting in significantly higher energy costs, greater stormwater damage, and associated health and comfort impacts. These issues can be mitigated using smart surfaces, those with high reflectivity and permeability, which can achieve sustainable and regenerative cities. The current literature on the benefits of urban surfaces is very segmented, focusing on either one specific surface type or one property of surfaces. A smart surface taxonomy with correlated heat, and water metrics has been developed to fill this gap. A range of city surfaces in three broad categories - roofs, streets and sidewalks, and parking lots - have been identified with various levels of reflectivity, permeability. Through literature review, the taxonomy reveals surface temperatures that range from 29.7°C for a green roof to 74.3°C for a black roof. Also, the taxonomy reveals Rainfall retention potential ranging from 1.27 mm for impervious pavement to 86.4 mm for bioswales. The development of a smart surface taxonomy with quantified benefits for mitigating or adapting to climate change will be critical for decision-makers to make informed decisions on city surface choices.

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Zimmerman, Rae, Ryan Brenner, and Jimena Llopis Abella. "Green Infrastructure Financing as an Imperative to Achieve Green Goals." Climate 7, no. 3 (March 9, 2019): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cli7030039.

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Green infrastructure (GI) has increasingly gained popularity for achieving adaptation and mitigation goals associated with climate change and extreme weather events. To continue implementing GI, financial tools are needed for upfront project capital or development costs and later for maintenance. This study’s purpose is to evaluate financing tools used in a selected GI dataset and to assess how those tools are linked to various GI technologies and other GI project characteristics like cost and size. The dataset includes over 400 GI U.S. projects, comprising a convenience sample, from the American Society of Landscape Architects (ASLA). GI project characteristics were organized to answer a number of research questions using descriptive statistics. Results indicated that the number of projects and overall cost shares were mostly located in a few states. Grants were the most common financial tool with about two-thirds of the projects reporting information on financial tools receiving grant funding. Most projects reported financing from only one tool with a maximum of three tools. Projects primarily included multiple GI technologies averaging three and a maximum of nine. The most common GI technologies were bioswales, retention, rain gardens, and porous pavements. These findings are useful for decision-makers evaluating funding support for GI.

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Afzelia, PN, and A. Gunawan. "Ecological design of Taman Merdeka as an alternative to the development of Depok city green open space." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1092, no. 1 (October 1, 2022): 012016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1092/1/012016.

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Abstract Taman Merdeka, Depok City, is an urban park that has experienced degradation in terms of quality, both functionally and aesthetically. This declining condition causes less satisfactory use of this park, even though this park is a way for the government to provide an area that functions as a recreational area for urban citizens. The current condition of the park, with its original concept no longer visible, needs a touch of comprehensive design that can solve the problems that exist on the site. This study aims to ecologically design Taman Merdeka so that it meets the needs of park users and is environmentally friendly. The method used in this study is a descriptive method through field survey and interview. The schematic design is developed based on the traditional Depok Batik pattern that features the city's iconic fruit, that is star fruit and then transformed into elements and landscape spaces. The principles of ecological design are implemented through green infrastructure for water management, conservation of existing vegetation, upcycling center for waste management, and the use of environmentally friendly materials. The design is developed in detail in all areas including the welcome area, sports courts, playground, plaza, bioswales, stormwater wet pond, food court, upcycling center, sitting area, elevated walkway, amphitheater, lawn, and promenade.

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Godyń, Izabela. "Economic Incentives in Stormwater Management: A Study of Practice Gaps in Poland." Water 14, no. 23 (November 23, 2022): 3817. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14233817.

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Sustainable rainwater management is made possible, among others, by nationwide and local policies and regulations that create economic incentives. This article analyzes how existing economic instruments in Poland motivate property owners to make investments that manage rainwater on their own properties. Two types of investments were analyzed: bioswales as one of the lowest-cost green infrastructure measures in construction and operation, and the rainwater harvesting solution that uses rainwater to irrigate greenery. Simulation of this type of investment was undertaken in response to existing economic incentives—obtainable discounts of national and municipal rainwater drainage fees and municipal subsidy programs for rainwater management from three cities of different sizes selected from the Greater Poland province. Analyses were carried out for three types of development: different intensity, sealing of the land, and number of residents. The financial profitability of the investment was evaluated by determining the payback period, NPV, and benefit–cost ratio, taking into account the possible discounts in fees and investment subsidies in the variant analyses. It was shown that the incentive function of national fees for rainwater drainage is low, and that the incentive function of municipal fees and subsidies is higher, depending on the design of the fee (rates and discounts) and subsidy (directions and level of subsidies) systems.

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Meixner, Thomas, Alan R. Berkowitz, Alisen E. Downey, Jose Pillich, Reese LeVea, Brianne K. Smith, Mark Chandler, et al. "Rapid Assessment and Long-Term Monitoring of Green Stormwater Infrastructure with Citizen Scientists." Sustainability 13, no. 22 (November 12, 2021): 12520. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132212520.

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Green stormwater infrastructure (GSI) has emerged as a promising decentralized management approach to urban stormwater challenges. A lack of data about GSI performance interferes with widespread adoption of GSI. A citizen science program that benefits researchers, lay scientists, and municipalities offers a way to provide these lacking data. We have developed an open-source, transferable green infrastructure rapid assessment (GIRA) protocol for studying the performance of GSI with citizen scientists. This protocol has been tested in six North American cities (New York City, Toronto, Vancouver, Chicago, San Francisco, and Buffalo). In this research we define the performance of GSI in varying geographic, climatic, and maintenance conditions with the intent to create technological, institutional, and management solutions to urban stormwater problems. The GIRA protocol was used by citizen scientists to assess the physical properties and capabilities of bioswales, while small, affordable Green Infrastructure Sensors Boxes (GIBoxes) were used to determine longer-term function across several rain events. Our results indicate that teams of citizen scientists can be effective for collecting and archiving widespread information on the post-installation function of GSI. The effort also showed that citizen scientists had changes in understanding of urban stormwater challenges and the role that GSI can play in solving these problems. We explore the multiple benefits to knowledge, participants, and municipal partners as a result of this research.

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Boguniewicz-Zabłocka, Joanna, and Andrea G. Capodaglio. "Analysis of Alternatives for Sustainable Stormwater Management in Small Developments of Polish Urban Catchments." Sustainability 12, no. 23 (December 6, 2020): 10189. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122310189.

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Sustainable stormwater management approaches in accordance with the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) allow a source control to handle the quality and quantity of the runoff at local level or near the source. The most popular technologies applied in Europe are green roofs, porous pavements, retention basins and bioswales/raingardens. In this article, two of these solutions (retention tank with reuse, and rain garden, respectively), applied to single dwelling case studies in a suburban area in the Silesia Region (Poland), are illustrated and analyzed. The selected cases consider technical and economic aspects as the most important factors for decision on the selection of onsite stormwater management approach. Both systems have been operational for approximately two years. The retention tank proved a good solution, reducing stormwater overflows and allowing local water reuse for lawn irrigation; however, investment and maintenance costs in this case are relatively higher. The raingarden proved to work efficiently in this small scale implementation and implied much lower initial investment and costs. The economic sustainability of these interventions at single dwelling scale was analyzed, showing interesting returns, with outcome depending on the degree of possible water reuse (lower water bills) and availability of fiscal or fee incentives. Introduction of financial incentive schemes will encourage homeowners and developers to implement stormwater control solutions, allowing rapid amortization of investment costs with additional benefits to the community, such as reduced environmental impact of stormwater overflows and possible economies in the construction and management of stormwater systems.

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Elderbrock, Evan, Chris Enright, Kathryn A. Lynch, and Alexandra R. Rempel. "A Guide to Public Green Space Planning for Urban Ecosystem Services." Land 9, no. 10 (October 14, 2020): 391. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9100391.

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Street trees, native plantings, bioswales, and other forms of green infrastructure alleviate urban air and water pollution, diminish flooding vulnerability, support pollinators, and provide other benefits critical to human well-being. Urban planners increasingly value such urban ecosystem services (ES), and effective methods for deciding among alternative planting regimes using urban ES criteria are under active development. In this effort, integrating stakeholder values and concerns with quantitative urban ES assessments is a central challenge; although it is widely recommended, specific approaches have yet to be explored. Here, we develop, apply, and evaluate such a method in the Friendly Area Neighborhood of Eugene, Oregon by investigating the potential for increased urban ES through the conversion of public lawn to alternative planting regimes that align with expressed stakeholder priorities. We first estimated current urban ES from green space mapping and published supply rates, finding lawn cover and associated ES to be dominant. Resident and expert priorities were then revealed through surveys and Delphi analyses; top priorities included air quality, stormwater quality, native plantings, and pollinator habitat, while concerns focused on cost and safety. Unexpectedly, most residents expressed a willingness to support urban ES improvements financially. This evidence then informed the development of planting regime alternatives among which we compared achievable future urban ES delivery, revealing clear differences among those that maximized stakeholder priorities, those that maximized quantitative urban ES delivery, and their integration. The resulting contribution is a straightforward method for identifying planting regimes with a high likelihood of success in delivering desired urban ES in specific local contexts.

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Ljubojević, Mirjana, Tijana Narandžić, Jovana Ostojić, Biljana Božanić Tanjga, Milica Grubač, Radenka Kolarov, Amela Greksa, and Magdalena Pušić. "Rethinking Horticulture to Meet Sustainable Development Goals—The Case Study of Novi Sad, Serbia." Horticulturae 8, no. 12 (December 19, 2022): 1222. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8121222.

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With the aim of being a part of global change and providing an example to other researchers throughout the world, this paper details how breeding goals of horticultural plants and their application have shifted in Novi Sad (Serbia) in the last 10–15 years. Contemporary cities/citizens strive to incorporate nature into all of their important life segments and activities, thus requiring an interdisciplinary approach to solving challenges that the 21st century brings. Early research in Novi Sad (Serbia) was focused on the basic genetic, physiological, biochemical and botanical aspects of plant functioning and development in a challenging and changing urban environment abundant in abiotic stressors, as well as biotic and abiotic stressors, that affect the production of horticultural plant in this field. Recently, research interest has shifted towards the sustainable usage of plant genetic resources (roses, autochthonous terrestrial orchids, sweet and sour cherry eco-types, and allochthonous oil-rich species), as well as sustainable practices and nature-based solutions (urban-derived biodiesel, rain gardens, green roofs, green walls, constructed wetlands, water ponds, bioswales and permeable surfaces on a different scale of urban planning). This case study aimed to illustrate how plant selection and breeding strategies can satisfy urban growth demands, whereas urban planning must include sustainable genetic resources suitable for urban ecosystems. Available ornamental plant genetic resources (with pronounced tolerance/resistance to abiotic and/or biotic stressors) associated with the novel approach of their application in green city infrastructure provide the opportunity to implement multiple nature-based solutions leading to numerous ecosystem services. Combined, these contribute to the globally defined goals for sustainable development.

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Battisti, Luca, Lauranne Pille, Thomas Wachtel, Federica Larcher, and Ina Säumel. "Residential Greenery: State of the Art and Health-Related Ecosystem Services and Disservices in the City of Berlin." Sustainability 11, no. 6 (March 26, 2019): 1815. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11061815.

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Inclusively accessible green areas are essential for livable cities. The residential greenery on a door’s step of urban dwellers has rarely been the subject of research. Here we provide insights into the state of the art of residential greenery in Berlin, Germany. We focus on socially disadvantaged neighborhoods exposed to high loads of environmental stressors and belonging to four relevant building types of Central European cities. 32 plots in eight sample areas were randomly chosen and surveyed during 2017 and 2018. We surveyed the presence of structural elements, the presence and abundance of woody species and the health-related ecosystem (dis-)services (i.e., species’ air filtration and allergenic potential). We analysed the similarity among tree species to assess plant use patterns. The air cleaning and allergenic potential of woody species were assigned based on literature. In order to discuss strategies to improve residential greenery, we performed an analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of these green spaces. We revealed a high dissimilarity of woody species assemblages across sites and within different building types, indicating no common plant use fashion. Recorded species provide moderate to high air filtering capacity. One to two third of all trees have a high allergenic potential that has to be addressed in future plant use decisions. Bike racks, benches, lights and playgrounds are common elements, whereas bioswales, facade-bound greening, atrium, fountains or ponds are rare. Their implementation can enhance the health and wellbeing of local residents. Building-attached greenery can improve densely built up areas of the Wilhelminian period, whereas space-intensive measures can be implemented in the spacious greenery of row–buildings settlements of the 1920s–1970s and of large housing estates of the 1970s–1980s. We revealed a high motivation for (co-)design and care by residents and discussed strategies on transformation towards multi-functional, healthy and biodiversity-friendly residential greeneries.

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Wu, J. Y., J. R. Thompson, R. K. Kolka, K. J. Franz, and T. W. Stewart. "Using the Storm Water Management Model to predict urban headwater stream hydrological response to climate and land cover change." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 17, no. 12 (December 3, 2013): 4743–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-4743-2013.

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Abstract. Streams are natural features in urban landscapes that can provide ecosystem services for urban residents. However, urban streams are under increasing pressure caused by multiple anthropogenic impacts, including increases in human population and associated impervious surface area, and accelerated climate change. The ability to anticipate these changes and better understand their effects on streams is important for developing and implementing strategies to mitigate potentially negative effects. In this study, stream flow was monitored during April–November (2011 and 2012), and the data were used to apply the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) for five urban watersheds in central Iowa, USA, representing a gradient of percent impervious surface (IS, ranging from 5.3 to 37.1%). A set of three scenarios was designed to quantify hydrological responses to independent and combined effects of climate change (18% increase in precipitation), and land cover change (absolute increases between 5.2 and 17.1%, based on separate projections of impervious surfaces for the five watersheds) for the year 2040 compared to a current condition simulation. An additional set of three scenarios examined stream response to different distributions of land cover change within a single watershed. Hydrological responses were quantified using three indices: unit-area peak discharge, flashiness (R-B Index; Richards–Baker Index), and runoff ratio. Stream hydrology was strongly affected by watershed percent IS. For the current condition simulation, values for all three indices were five to seven times greater in the most developed watershed compared to the least developed watershed. The climate change scenario caused a 20.8% increase in unit-area peak discharge on average across the five watersheds compared to the current condition simulation. The land cover change scenario resulted in large increases for all three indices: 49.5% for unit-area peak discharge, 39.3% for R-B Index, and 73.9% for runoff ratio, on average, for the five watersheds. The combined climate and land cover change scenario resulted in slight increases on average for R-B Index (43.7%) and runoff ratio (74.5%) compared to the land cover change scenario, and a substantial increase, on average, in unit area peak discharge (80.1%). The scenarios for different distributions of land cover change within one watershed resulted in changes for all three indices, with an 18.4% increase in unit-area peak discharge for the midstream scenario, and 17.5% (downstream) and 18.1% (midstream) increases in R-B Index, indicating sensitivity to the location of potential additions of IS within a watershed. Given the likelihood of increased precipitation in the future, land use planning and policy tools that limit expansion of impervious surfaces (e.g. by substituting pervious surfaces) or mitigate against their impacts (e.g. by installing bioswales) could be used to minimize negative effects on streams.

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Wu, J. Y., J. R. Thompson, R. K. Kolka, K. J. Franz, and T. W. Stewart. "Using the Storm Water Management Model to predict urban headwater stream hydrological response to climate and land cover change." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 10, no. 6 (June 4, 2013): 7091–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-10-7091-2013.

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Abstract. Streams are natural features in urban landscapes that can provide ecosystem services for urban residents. However, urban streams are under increasing pressure caused by multiple anthropogenic impacts, including increases in human population and associated impervious surface area, and accelerated climate change. The ability to anticipate these changes and better understand their effects on streams is important for developing and implementing strategies to mitigate potentially negative effects. In this study, stream flow was monitored during April–November (2011 and 2012), and the data were used to apply the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) for five urban watersheds in central Iowa, USA representing a gradient of percent impervious surface (IS, ranging from 5.3 to 37.1%). A set of three scenarios was designed to quantify hydrological responses to independent and combined effects of climate change (18% increase in precipitation), and land cover change (absolute increases between 5.2 and 17.1%, based on separate projections of impervious surfaces for the five watersheds) for the year 2040 compared to a current condition simulation. An additional set of three scenarios examined stream response to different distributions of land cover change within a single watershed. Hydrological responses were quantified using three indices: unit-area peak discharge, flashiness (R-B Index), and runoff ratio. Stream hydrology was strongly affected by watershed percent IS. For the current condition simulation, values for all three indices were five to seven times greater in the most developed watershed compared to the least developed watershed. The climate change scenario caused a 20.8% increase in unit-area peak discharge on average across the five watersheds compared to the current condition simulation. The land cover change scenario resulted in large increases for all three indices: 49.5% for unit-area peak discharge, 39.3% for R-B Index, and 73.9% for runoff ratio, on average, for the five watersheds. The combined climate and land cover change scenario resulted in even greater increases for all three indices: 80.1% for unit-area peak discharge, 43.7% for R-B Index, and 74.5% for runoff ratio, on average, for the five watersheds. The scenarios for different distributions of land cover change within one watershed resulted in changes for all three indices, with an 18.4% increase in unit-area peak discharge for the midstream scenario, and 17.5% (downstream) and 18.1% (midstream) increases in R-B Index, indicating sensitivity to the location of potential additions of IS within a watershed. Given the likelihood of increased precipitation in the future, land use planning and policy tools that limit expansion of impervious surfaces (e.g. by substituting pervious surfaces) or mitigate against their impacts (e.g. by installing bioswales) could be used to minimize negative effects on streams.

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Guerrero, Javier, Taufiqul Alam, Ahmed Mahmoud, Kim D. Jones, and Andrew Ernest. "Decision-Support System for LID Footprint Planning and Urban Runoff Mitigation in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of South Texas." Sustainability 12, no. 8 (April 14, 2020): 3152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12083152.

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To address regional flooding in the United States, federal and state agencies are adopting strict drainage policies in any large-scale commercial development within the watershed boundary. The conventional approach of implementing a wet detention pond (WP) reduces the land cover and causes operation and maintenance challenges eventually. The present study developed a decision-support system (DSS) in the Lower Rio Grande Valley region of South Texas for optimal selection of Best Management Practices (BMPs) by substituting a portion of the WP footprint with three regionally promising low-impact development practices, namely, porous concrete pavement (PCP), bioretention (BR), and bioswale (BS). Source Load Assessment and Management Model for Windows (WinSLAMM) was used as the foundation for the DSS database and algorithm development. This tool suggested that the implementation of bioswale alone can considerably reduce the footprint and construction cost. Less than 0.95 ha of installation of BR and BS can mitigate 79–91% of runoff from a maximum of 5 ha of commercial development. A combination of BR, BS, and WP was found to reduce runoff significantly (~100%), which suggests that the successful adoption of DSS might support better planning of the urban stormwater management in the Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV).

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Irvine, Joshua Lelemia, and Albert S. Kim. "Hydraulic design perspectives of bioswale vegetation layers: a meta-research theory." DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT 143 (2019): 137–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2019.23589.

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Xiao, Qingfu, and E. Gregory McPherson. "Performance of engineered soil and trees in a parking lot bioswale." Urban Water Journal 8, no. 4 (August 2011): 241–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1573062x.2011.596213.

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Evans, Zachary C., Hal Van Ryswyk, Marc Los Huertos, and Tanja Srebotnjak. "Robust spatial analysis of sequestered metals in a Southern California Bioswale." Science of The Total Environment 650 (February 2019): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.441.

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Irvine, Joshua Lelemia, and Albert S. Kim. "Understanding bioswale as a small water and wastewater treatment plant: A theoretical review." DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT 135 (2018): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2018.23119.

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Li, Jiake, Ya Li, Jiayang Zhang, and Yajiao Li. "Bioswale column experiments and simulation of pollutant removal from urban road stormwater runoff." Desalination and Water Treatment 57, no. 52 (February 19, 2016): 24894–912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2016.1151833.

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Shetty, Nandan H., Brian J. Mailloux, Wade R. McGillis, and Patricia J. Culligan. "Observations of the seasonal buildup and washout of salts in urban bioswale soil." Science of The Total Environment 722 (June 2020): 137834. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137834.

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Gyawali, Kshitiz, Meghna Babbar-Sebens, and Tyler S. Radniecki. "Dynamic Treatment of County Maintenance and Service Facility Stormwater by a Pump-Fed Bioswale System." Journal of Sustainable Water in the Built Environment 7, no. 2 (May 2021): 04021003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/jswbay.0000942.

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Purvis, Rebecca, Ryan Winston, William Hunt, Brian Lipscomb, Karthik Narayanaswamy, Andrew McDaniel, Matthew Lauffer, and Susan Libes. "Evaluating the Water Quality Benefits of a Bioswale in Brunswick County, North Carolina (NC), USA." Water 10, no. 2 (January 31, 2018): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10020134.

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Irvine, Joshua Lelemia, and Albert S. Kim. "Coupled transport phenomena of a bioswale process during storm runoff events: a CFD study using OpenFOAM." DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT 140 (2019): 103–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2019.23459.

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Mucha, Sydney, Glenn Williamson, and Stephen MacAvoy. "Pollution Reduction in Throughflow from Vegetated and Non-Vegetated, Foam-Based Surfaces and Green Roofs." Nitrogen 1, no. 1 (August 5, 2018): 21–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nitrogen1010004.

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The ability of foam-based unplanted and green surfaces (Aqualok™) to remove pollutants (total suspended solids (TSS), NO3, NH4, total organic carbon (TOC) and total phosphorus (TP)) from direct precipitation and roof runoff passing through the surfaces was assessed. The assessments were conducted using unplanted Aqualok™ and planted Aqualok™ roof panels and a bioswale Aqualok™ installed on two Fire and Emergency Medical Service Stations (FEMSs) in Washington, D.C., USA. During a three-year period, impacts on water chemistry were evaluated by examining overall averages as well as performance over time. Upon installation, all Aqualok™ surfaces released a “pulse” of TSS and NO3, which decreased over time. TP concentrations from the planted panels were elevated relative to conventional roof runoff throughout the study. TOC was generally higher for planted Aqualok™ compared to unplanted Aqualok™, and did not decrease over time. Excluding the three months post-installation, TSS in throughflow from planted and unplanted Aqualok™ surfaces was 88% and 90% lower, respectively, than in runoff from a conventional tar and gravel roof. No significant differences between green surface throughflow and conventional roof runoff for NO3 or NH4 were observed.

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Acosta, Fortino, and Stephen Haroon. "Memorial Parking Trees: Resilient Modular Design with Nature-Based Solutions in Vulnerable Urban Areas." Land 10, no. 3 (March 15, 2021): 298. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10030298.

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Nature-based solutions (NbS) include all the landscape’s ecological components that have a function in the natural or urban ecosystem. Memorial Parking Trees (MPTs) are a new variant of a nature-based solution composed of a bioswale and a street tree allocated in the road, occupying a space that is sub-utilised by parked cars. This infill green practice can maximise the use of street trees in secondary streets and have multiple benefits in our communities. Using GIS mapping and methodology can support implementation in vulnerable neighbourhoods. In this research, we based vulnerability assessments for London, Rio de Janeiro, and Los Angeles on the following three indicators: extreme temperature, air quality, and flood-prone areas. Evidence is emerging that disadvantaged populations may live at higher risks of exposure to environmental hazards. The income and healthcare accessibility of neighbourhoods are the two indicators that will help us target these communities for a better and faster decision-making process. The contrast between the results and the 15-min city concept supports our detecting and prioritising neighbourhoods for MPTS implementation, among other NbS solutions integrated into a more inclusive and sustainable urban design.

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Lumbangaol, Boris Karlop, Agustinus Purna Irawan, and Wati A. Pranoto. "Performance Review of Sustainable Urban Drainage System with Lid Concept." IJEBD (International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Business Development) 5, no. 4 (July 31, 2022): 751–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.29138/ijebd.v5i4.1908.

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Purpose: Land conversion reduces infiltration areas and increases runoff that causes flooding and inundation. Efforts to reduce the impact are very important to minimize economic losses. However, large-scale attempts by widening rivers and land acquisition are difficult to implement, especially in urban areas. It requires the management of rainwater runoff at the source. The new paradigm for sustainable urban drainage systems is the LID (low impact development) concept, which approaches hydrology as a framework, considers micromanagement, and controls rainwater at its source. Design/methodology/approach: It also uses simple non-structural methods to create a multifunctional area. Findings: LID can handle the flood water level and volume as well as the rise and fall of the base flow that will be released to the downstream site and filter waste. Its application consists of several units that depend on local needs, such as porous and semi-permeable pavements, retention and detention reservoirs, wetlands, infiltration trench, ditch, gulley, and well. It also includes a rooftop reservoir, green roofing, rainwater reuse, underground reservoir, grassed strips, and bioswale. Originality/value: This paper is an original work. Paper type: Research paper

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Poor, Cara, Troy Membrere, and Jared Miyasato. "Impact of Green Stormwater Infrastructure Age and Type on Water Quality." Sustainability 13, no. 18 (September 21, 2021): 10484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131810484.

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Green stormwater infrastructure (GSI) has become increasingly common to mitigate urban stormwater runoff. However, there is limited research on the impact of age and type of GSI. This study evaluated nutrient and metals concentrations in the soil water of five different GSI systems located at the University of Portland in Portland, Oregon. The GSI systems included a bioretention curb extension (part of Portland’s Green Street project), a bioretention basin, a bioretention planter, an infiltration basin, and a bioswale ranging in age from 2 to 11 years. Samples were taken from each system during rain events over a 10-month period and analyzed for copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), phosphate (PO43−), and total phosphorus (TP). Copper and zinc concentrations were found to be impacted by GSI age, with lower concentrations in older systems. The same trend was not found with PO43− and TP, where almost all GSI systems had soil water concentrations much higher than average stormwater concentrations. Age likely played a role in phosphorus soil water concentrations, but other factors such as sources had a stronger influence. Phosphorus is likely coming from the compost in the soil mix in addition to other sources in runoff. This study shows that GSI systems can be effective for copper and zinc, but changes to the soil mix design are needed to reduce high levels of PO43− and TP in soil water.

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Nugraha, Satrio, Hilwati Hindersah, and Irland Fardani. "Kajian Penggunaan Green Infrastruktur dalam Upaya Penurunan Suhu Permukaan di Wilayah SWK Tegalega." Jurnal Riset Perencanaan Wilayah dan Kota 1, no. 1 (October 24, 2021): 62–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.29313/jrpwk.v1i1.150.

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Abstract. Urban heat island is a phenomenon of temperature changes caused by the concentration of building density which causes the temperature in the area to be higher than in areas with a lower density concentration. SWK Tegalega is the 1st most populous area among SWK in Bandung City according to the 2011-2031 RTRW data for Bandung City with a total population density in 2020 reaching 415 people / Ha, SWK Tegalega has at least 2.87 ha of RTH from a total area of 67.75 ha with The number of buildings is 7,683 units according to DPMPTSP (Department of Investment and One Stop Integrated Service) of Bandung City, and based on Bandung City Regulation No. 10 of 2015 the designation of the SWK Tegalega area is used as the Mediapolis area (creative industry). The data used in this research include Landsat 8 OLI satellite imagery, population density data and google earth image maps. From the processing of Landsat 8 OLI, it produces several data such as LST, SAVI and NDBI, which are used by each of these data to determine the priority areas for handling high temperature locations. After that, 4 locations were determined for handling the temperature of the area, with the use of trade & service land, corridors, less dense settlements and dense settlements. Based on the 3D location, the average high temperature of the 4 locations ranges from 30.25 - 32.20OC. After applying the green infrastructure concept from the 4 locations, the average temperature reduction of each concept used is obtained, including the tree canopy concept which has an average temperature reduction of 2.60OC, the bioswale concept of reducing the temperature from this concept is 1.30OC, then the green roof concept has an average temperature reduction of 0.65OC and the green wall concept has an average temperature drop of <0.30OC. Based on the results of the analysis that has been carried out, the tree canopy concept is the most effective concept in reducing the temperature at the study location Abstrak. Urban heat island adalah fenomena perubahan suhu yang diakibatkan oleh konsentrasi kepadatan bangunan yang menyebabkan suhu diwilayah tersebut lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan wilayah yang memiliki konsentrasi kepadatan lebih rendah. SWK Tegalega merupakan wilayah terpadat ke-1 antara SWK di Kota Bandung menurut data RTRW Kota Bandung 2011-2031 dengan total kepadatan penduduk tahun 2020 mencapai 415 jiwa/Ha, SWK Tegalega memiliki setidaknya 2,87 ha RTH dari luas total 67,75 ha dengan jumlah bangunan 7.683 unit menurut DPMPTSP (Dinas Penanaman Modal dan Pelayanan Terpadu Satu Pintu) Kota Bandung, dan berdasarkan perda Kota Bandung no.10 tahun 2015 peruntukan kawasannya SWK Tegalega dijadikan sebagai wilayah Mediapolis (industri kreatif). Data yang digunakan dalam peneltian ini antara lain citra satelit Landsat 8 OLI, data kepadatan penduduk dan peta citra google earth. Dari pengolahan Landsat 8 OLI menghasilkan beberapa data seperti LST, SAVI dan NDBI, yang digunakan masing – masing data tersebut untuk mengetahui wilayah prioritas penanganan lokasi bersuhu tinggi. Setelah itu ditentukan 4 lokasi untuk penanganan suhu wilayah, dengan penggunaan lahan perdagangan & jasa, koridor, permukiman tidak padat dan permukiman padat. Berdasarkan 3D lokasi didapatkan suhu tinggi rata – rata ke-4 lokasi berkisar dari 30.25 – 32.20OC. Setelah diterapkan konsep green infrastruktur dari ke-4 lokasi tsb, maka didapatkan rata – rata penurunan suhu dari masing – masing konsep yang digunakan, antara lain konsep tree canopy memiliki rata – rata penurunan suhu sebesar 2.60OC, konsep bioswale penurunan suhu dari konsep ini sebesar 1.30OC, Kemudian konsep green roof memiliki rata – rata penurunan suhu 0.65OC dan Untuk konsep green wall memiliki rata – rata penurunan suhu < 0.30OC. Berdasarkan hasil analisis yang telah dilakukan konsep tree canopy menjadi konsep yang paling efektif dalam menurunkan suhu di lokasi studi.

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Gill, Aman S., Angela Lee, and Krista L. McGuire. "Phylogenetic and Functional Diversity of Total (DNA) and Expressed (RNA) Bacterial Communities in Urban Green Infrastructure Bioswale Soils." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 83, no. 16 (June 2, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00287-17.

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ABSTRACT New York City (NYC) is pioneering green infrastructure with the use of bioswales and other engineered soil-based habitats to provide stormwater infiltration and other ecosystem functions. In addition to avoiding the environmental and financial costs of expanding traditional built infrastructure, green infrastructure is thought to generate cobenefits in the form of diverse ecological processes performed by its plant and microbial communities. Yet, although plant communities in these habitats are closely managed, we lack basic knowledge about how engineered ecosystems impact the distribution and functioning of soil bacteria. We sequenced amplicons of the 16S ribosomal subunit, as well as seven genes associated with functional pathways, generated from both total (DNA-based) and expressed (RNA) soil communities in the Bronx, NYC, NY, in order to test whether bioswale soils host characteristic bacterial communities with evidence for enriched microbial functioning, compared to nonengineered soils in park lawns and tree pits. Bioswales had distinct, phylogenetically diverse bacterial communities, including taxa associated with nutrient cycling and metabolism of hydrocarbons and other pollutants. Bioswale soils also had a significantly greater diversity of genes involved in several functional pathways, including carbon fixation (cbbL-R [cbbL gene, red-like subunit] and apsA), nitrogen cycling (noxZ and amoA), and contaminant degradation (bphA); conversely, no functional genes were significantly more abundant in nonengineered soils. These results provide preliminary evidence that urban land management can shape the diversity and activity of soil communities, with positive consequences for genetic resources underlying valuable ecological functions, including biogeochemical cycling and degradation of common urban pollutants. IMPORTANCE Management of urban soil biodiversity by favoring taxa associated with decontamination or other microbial metabolic processes is a powerful prospect, but it first requires an understanding of how engineered soil habitats shape patterns of microbial diversity. This research adds to our understanding of urban microbial biogeography by providing data on soil bacteria in bioswales, which had relatively diverse and compositionally distinct communities compared to park and tree pit soils. Bioswales also contained comparatively diverse pools of genes related to carbon sequestration, nitrogen cycling, and contaminant degradation, suggesting that engineered soils may serve as effective reservoirs of functional microbial biodiversity. We also examined both total (DNA-based) and expressed (RNA) communities, revealing that total bacterial communities (the exclusive targets in the vast majority of soil studies) were poor predictors of expressed community diversity, pointing to the value of quantifying RNA, especially when ecological functioning is considered.

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Lee, Jerry. "Green Infrastructure as a Solution to Hydrological Problems: Bioswales and Created Wetlands." UF Journal of Undergraduate Research 21, no. 1 (November 21, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/ufjur.v21i1.108522.

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Green infrastructure is an ecological landscaping method that was first theorized in a 1994 Floridian report titled Creating a Statewide Greenways System, which was presented to the governor at the time, Lawton Chiles (Florida Greenways Commission, MacKay, & Reed 1994). As defined by the European Commission, green infrastructure is “a strategically planned network of natural and semi-natural areas with other environmental features designed and managed to deliver a wide range of ecosystem services” (Communication from The Commission to The European Parliament, 2013, p. 3). This paper will examine two green infrastructure strategies – bioswales and created wetlands – which are crucial in solving some of the water problems that Florida faces. Bioswales are engineered green spaces that collect runoff and remove harmful pollutants from the stormwater before it is discharged into surface water sources. This paper will examine how bioswales function. Besides polluted storm water, the other major water problem is eutrophication. Created wetlands are effective ecological tools for mitigating eutrophication, which is the result of excessive nutrients in water bodies that cause algal blooms and subsequently suffocate other organisms in the water by depleting oxygen. Freedom Park in Naples, Florida is composed of four created freshwater marshes, which filter runoff and reduce heavy metals and nutrients in the stormwater before it enters the Gordon River. This paper examines Freedom Park in Naples, Florida to assess how created wetlands can assist in reducing nutrient loads, mitigating pollutants in stormwater before it enters natural waterways, and restore habitat.

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Regier, Elizabeth, and Walter McDonald. "Hydrologic and Water Quality Performance of Two Bioswales at an Urban Farm." Journal of Sustainable Water in the Built Environment 8, no. 3 (August 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/jswbay.0000990.

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Hu, Mo, and Tripp Shealy. "Priming Engineers to Think About Sustainability: Cognitive and Neuro-Cognitive Evidence to Support the Adoption of Green Stormwater Design." Frontiers in Neuroscience 16 (May 11, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2022.896347.

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Abstract:

Green infrastructure is the application of nature-based solutions like bioswales, rain gardens, and permeable pavements to reduce flooding in urban areas. These systems are underutilized in the design of the built environment. A barrier to their implementation is that design engineers tend to discount the tangential benefits of these greener systems and overweigh the associated risks. This study tested whether priming engineers to think about the environmental and social sustainability benefits of green infrastructure can influence what attributes engineers consider and how they weigh these attributes during the design decision-making process. Forty engineering students trained in stormwater design were asked to evaluate the implementation of a conventional stormwater design option and a green stormwater design option. Their preferred design option was recorded and the changes in their neuro-cognition were measured using functional near infrared-spectroscopy. Half of the engineers were asked to first consider the potential outcomes of these options on the environment and the surrounding community. Priming engineers to first consider environmental and social sustainability before considering the cost and risk of each option, significantly increased the perceived benefits the engineers believed green infrastructure could provide. The priming intervention also increased the likelihood that engineers would recommend the green infrastructure option. The engineers primed to think about environmental and social sustainability exhibited significantly lower oxy-hemoglobin in their ventrolateral, dorsolateral, and medial prefrontal cortex through multiple phases of the judgment and decision-making process. The intervention appears to increase cognitive representativeness or salience of the benefits for green infrastructure when engineers evaluate design alternatives. This relatively low-cost intervention, asking engineers to consider environmental and social sustainability for each design alternative, can shift engineering decision-making and change neuro-cognition.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Bioswales'

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