Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Biotechnologie agricole – Aspect économique'
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Houeto, Adébo Jean-Daniel. "Une analyse économique des conditions d’émergence des bioclusters. Le cas de la bioéconomie du chanvre industriel dans l’Aube." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Reims, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023REIME010.
Full textTo meet the challenges of the 21st century, such as climate change, food security and the depletion of natural resources, European institutions have placed the development of the bioeconomy at the heart of their public policies. This bioeconomy, seen as a development model capable of responding to each of these challenges while enabling continued growth, is being rolled out across the Union's member states, in particular by encouraging the creation of bioclusters. If bioclusters have such a crucial role to play in the deployment of the bioeconomy, the question arises as to the conditions of their emergence. How do they emerge and structure themselves in a given region? Is it possible to replicate existing models in other regions? The aim of this thesis is to answer these questions, on the one hand through theoretical work, bringing together the economy of proximity and the heritage economy, and on the other through empirical work, analyzing the current structuring of the industrial hemp bioeconomy in the Aube region, in particular around the "Pôle Européen de la bioraffinerie territoriale du Chanvre" project
Befort, Nicolas. "Pour une mésoéconomie de l'émergence de la bioéconomie : représentations, patrimoines productifs collectifs et stratégies d'acteurs dans la régulation d'une chimie doublement verte." Thesis, Reims, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REIME001/document.
Full textThis thesis analyses the emergence of a new economic space from a mesoeconomic regulationist and evolutionist approach. This space has been called "bioeconomy" by the actors after divergent and conflictual interpretations of this concept. This economic space differs from the traditional ways of representing the division of labour into sectors (chemistry, agriculture, energy). The actors involved in seeking to define this space are reconstructing these sectors into an original and specific field, which is built on the use of biobased plant, animal and algal renewable resources. These actors consider themselves to be becoming the "industry of industries". Thus, instead of providing end products, they produce intermediates for agro- or chemical industries, materials or energy. The field does not cover photovoltaic electricity. Therefore, bioeconomy is a recomposition of the relationships between agriculture and chemistry in which the former becomes the supplier for the latter. We use the concept of the regimes of production of knowledge and of economic activity to describe the diversity of the technological promises made by the actors involved. We show, therefore, that bioeconomy cannot be reduced to the biotechnological revolution. Three broad views of bioeconomy emerge. At a deeper level, we present here three case studies to illustrate this diversity. The actors are weighed down by an "economy of promises" based on their own productive heritages that they are trying to reproduce and project into the future. This leads them to problematize the bioeconomy space in order to determine their resource allocations
Aussendou, Pascale. "Biotechnologies : Dynamique technologique, choix stratégiques, cohérence industrielle : essai d'articulation autour du concept de génie biologique." Lyon 2, 1988. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/1988/aussendou_p.
Full textThe intention of this thesis is to expound the many relationships between the different aspects of technology, organization and economics required for the industrialisation of biotechnology, taking as a starting point an analysis of the scientific and technical dynamics associated with the emergence of biotechnology and the concept of biological engineering. This approach enables a critical examination of these economic analyses relevant to the identification of certain characteristics of the innovation process. The valorization of biotechnology is studied with regard to industrial and financial strategies that are supposed to be significant for the setting up of a "bioindustry" or "bioindustries". The potential for the productive of biotechnology cannot be achieved without the inclusion of a range of activities and services with varied abilities, with necessitates reflexion both on the present industrial organization and the prospects for cooperation which could instigate a concerted valorization of biotechnology at the level of the productive system
Zayed, Abdallah. "Analyse économique de la terre agricole en Égypte." Montpellier 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON10008.
Full textThe agricutural land in egypt represents only 5,7% of the national territory. For a population increasing annually by a rate of 3,5%, this area is continually increasing annually the agriculture looses every year about 40000 feddans. Many reasons would explain this situation : 1) rendering the lands fallow - 2) the construction - 3) the tagrife 4) the inheritance system being inspired from the islamic legistation "the charia" - 5) the housing and irrigation system policy. The agriculture represents only 31% of the agricultural land and looses about 23,8% of its content due to : - the evaporation ; - infiltration of nile water being destined to irrigate agricultural properties. In our point of view, the strategy to fight such problems include : - changing the irrigation system ; - displacing the fertile situated in the vicinity of nasser lake to the desert regions far from the high dam
Guyomard, Hervé. "Investissement et choix technique du secteur agricole francais : étude économétrique." Rennes 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988REN11023.
Full textThis study investigates the structure of french agricultural technology using duality theory and flexible functional forms. The plan of the thesis is as follows. Part 1 discusses data analysis and measurement problems. Part 2 reviews the different generations of input demand models, while paying close attention to the invesment function. Part 3 presents our analysis of french agricultural technology using annual data from 1959 to 1984. TTwo approaches are followed to relax the assumption of full static equilibrium. First, since certain factors cannot be freely varied within the single period of observation, we develop a short-run hicksian equilibrium model : only the variable inputs adjust to their cost minimizing levels, while the quasi-fixed inputs remain fixed. We provide an exhaustive characterization of this model : more precisely, we discuss the underlying assumptions and show how the different possible equilibria can be derived from the knowledge of the short-run hicksian equilibrium. We propose also different possible measures of the disequilibrium, in the price space, in the inputs quantity space and in the output quantity space. Second, the adjusment cost hypothesis is invoked to specify and estimate a system of dynamic demand equations : a disequilibrium process is represented as a generalized partial adjustment model where disequilibrium in one input may affect other inputs
Machado, Bonacelli Maria Beatriz. "Dynamiques concurrentielles et particularités nationales dans le cas de la biotechnologie." Toulouse 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU1A024.
Full textThis work is based on the economics of innovation approach and it analyses the impacts of the new biotechnology techniques on the competitive dynamics of involved markets, at a sectoral and firm level. At the end of the 70's and beginning of the 80's, many analysts considered the new biotechnologies as a threat for some industries. The revolutionary potential of these techniques was seen as capable to restructure traditional markets and to entail completely new ones. At the same time, this condition was also considered as an opportunity to less developed countries, in the sense that these countries could profit from the related new technological opportunities. At the middle of the 80's these assumptions were reviewed and by that time almost all established companies in implicated sectors were already involved with biotechnology investments. At the beginning of the 90's, biotechnology became a new source of competition in some important markets, as pharmaceuticals and seeds. However, the paths of biotechnology development were, in many aspects, shaped by the specificities of firms, markets and industries, besides, of course, the particularities of the related regulatory frameworks, for instance, it is quite evident the different performance between the pharmaceutical industry and the agro-food area, which indicates different conditions and stimulus inside the markets in order to exploit those technological opportunities. It is also worth enforcing the role of the national innovation systems to define the form, the degree and the directions of biotechnology development
Larue, Solène. "Microéconomie de la localisation des activités agricoles : le cas d’une production à fortes contraintes environnementales." Dijon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009DIJOE001.
Full textWith the recent modifications of agricultural policies, the main objective of this thesis is to analyze the economic determinants of the location of agricultural productions. The thesis leans on the case of a production slightly helped by authorities and subjected to strong environmental constraints. The mechanisms which risk being in work in the future for the various agricultural productions are examined more directly. To solve this problem, we privileged first of all a microeconomic modelling of the porcine sector, by insisting on the spatial effects led by the various structural changes. Afterward, we estimated empirically the impact of the agglomeration externalities (pecuniary, technical or environmental) on the Danish and French porcine productions. Finally, we tested the role of these same determinants on the individual performances of the exploitations to examine if the effects were identical to those noticed at the aggregated level. We show that technical externalities have a prevailing role on the agglomeration and the performances than trade relations of upstream and downstream sectors influence. A contrario, the global effect of the environmental constraints plays a dispersive role on the production but is not intense enough to thwart the effect of the agglomeration externalities. In a global way, these environmental variables do not however alter the individual performances of firms, suggesting that they react to these constraints by an improvement of their technical efficiency
Oubuih, Hmad. "Les organismes du développement agricole au Maroc : contribution à une étude des établissements publics et des sociétés étatiques ou para-étatiques du secteur agricole." Nice, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985NICE0014.
Full textNyandwi, Nicodème. "Encadrement agricole et stratégies paysannes : les enjeux de la modernisation rurale au Burundi." Lille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL12001.
Full textThe conditions that are apt to generate the phenomena of sociability of social agents are a function of the relation of the forces that are sustained by the social context which governs the integration process, despite the sometimes contradictory character of the interests at stake within modernization projects. This assertion seems to explain the conditions under which agriculture is evolving in Africa. On account of the constraints associated with the technical development and unwieldiness of the politico-economic system, this sector experiences stagnation of its productivity today. In the specific case of Burundi, one of the reasons for this poor productivity have their basis in the increasingly long time-lags which cause a disconnect between the practices recommended by extension agents and the implementation of them by the acting subjects, in the event farmers. These distorsions, although minimized within official circles, have their basis in facts as thèse become manifested and or in the different, even contradictory, stakes of the social agents as the latter confront various strategies, policies, and methods of intervention within the peasant societies. On the basis of factual analyses, this study attempts on the one hand to clarify the question of technical dependence in relation to peasant submissiveness and, on the other hand, to open up a large debate on the essential questions associated with what should be the proper fit between the state's practices and the peasants'own strategies with a view to new perspectives of action
Guillén, Marroquín Jesús. "L'économie agricole de la région de Cusco (Pérou), 1900-1980." Montpellier 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON10012.
Full textStudy of the evolution of the agriculture of the cusco region betwen 1900 and 1980. Analysis of the causes and dynamic of this evolution and the effects of international trade upon the agricultural economy of the cusco region consecuences on the two main regional economic agents: tghe haciendas (land lord) and the peasand communitis
Matchuendem, Domguia Borelle. "Environnement économique et investissement agricole : effet de la gestion de l'offre." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69821.
Full textSupply management (SM) in the agricultural sector creates a relatively stabilized environment for producers since this type of market regulation sets an equilibrium between agricultural supply and demand at the National level (National Level), SM determines the price received in production based on production costs and import control. Economists identify investment as a very important factor for economic growth, productivity, and market efficiency. For a long time, the relationship between SM and investment has generated a debate among experts. However, to our knowledge,no scientific analysis has specifically emphasized this relationship in recent years. This study aims to make tangible contributions to this debate by analyzing the relationship between the sectors under SM (milk, egg, chicken), the sectors that are not under SM (pork, beef, grains, and oilseeds) and investment. To achieve this, a mixed research approach has been adopted based on the exploitation of secondary data and the collection of primary data through an online survey of management and funding advisors. The results of the study showed that producers under supply management would make higher investments and in a wide range of assets than producers who are not. They would invest in "offensive" investments such as technology, land purchase, construction of buildings, modernization of equipment, machinery, and new equipment. On the other hand, producers without supply management invest in “defensive” investments such as replacement investments and investments to comply with existing standards. Other results obtained from the survey of advisors show that factors associated with the economic environment which influences agricultural investments in descending order are income stability, price stability, investment opportunities, asset availability and profit margin. Producers under SM would therefore operate in an environment that stabilizes prices and incomes, which would generate a higher profit marginand boosts investment. It equally offers guarantees to financial institutions and increases there payment capacity of the operation. These results allow us to suggest that the economic environment (with or without SM) in whicha gricultural holdings operate influences their types of investments.
Phissamay, Phirany. "Les enjeux du développement agricole au Laos." Paris 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA020053.
Full textNesta, Lionel. "Cohérence des bases de connaissances et changement technique." Grenoble 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GRE21003.
Full textAndlauer, Philippe. "Analyse économique du drainage agricole : une approche par le jeu des rentes foncières : le cas du département de Meurthe et Moselle." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1990. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1990_ANDLAUER_P.pdf.
Full textKrebs, Stéphane. "Activités non agricoles et financement de l'exploitation agricole." Nancy 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NAN20003.
Full textFabre, Renaud. "Contribution et retribution du travail agricole dans la croissance : La génération du développement rural (1960-1990)." Paris 8, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA080349.
Full textDaniel, Karine. "Politique agricole et localisation des activités dans l'Union européenne : une analyse en économie géographique." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010042.
Full textMenouer, Mahi. "Espace rural et restructuration agricole en Algérie." Montpellier 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985MON10060.
Full textMontanari, Bruno. "L'émergence des organisations en réseau : l'exemple des sociétés de biotechnologie dans l'univers pharmaceutique." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05P025.
Full textOtmane, Tayeb. "Mise en valeur agricole et dynamiques rurales dans le Touat, le Gourara et le Tidikelt (Sahara algérien)." Besançon, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BESA1038.
Full textThe Touat-Gourara-Tidikelt’s area, known as the “foggara’s land”, represents a quarter of Algerian Sahara, which is a part of one of the most arid area in the world. It was exploited for more than a millennium by the oases’ populations involved in the trans- Saharan trade. The socio-spatial organisation of the area was deeply affected by the French colonization during the first part of the XXe century and after 1962 by the Algerian policies based on spatial integration and economic development. In this area, two agricultural systems currently exist. The first one, is a traditional system based on the foggara’s irrigation, the second one emerged in the 1980’s throughout the rural landplaning projects and is based on modern agricultural practices and technologies. Those systems influenced each other and came to socio-spatial mutations partly due to the apparition of new actors. Those mutations combined with the gradual urbanisation of Sahara, the reorganization of the labour market and the trend to develop economic pluriactivity in oases, tend to deeply modify the Saharan rurality in the Touat-Gourara-Tidikelt’s land. Thus, the sustainability of these Saharan’s agricultural patterns deserves, nowadays, to be questioned and reconsidered. The Algerian development is based for its largest part on Saharan’s hydrocarbons, basically, the oases’ people don’t derive that much a profit from this extrovert economy. Inversely, the political choice to support Saharan’s agriculture offers real economical views, with regard to local development. Economically, the profitability of those agricultural systems will depend on their successful insertion within the national trade networks. Nevertheless, their impact on the local economy is real. Socially, Saharan’s rurality has built the greatest part of its identity on symbols that are linked to agricultural practices. However, Saharan’s massive urbanisation deeply shakes this legacy up. Finally, from an ecological point of view, the future of these agricultural systems will depend on the management of underground water resources, that are mostly non renewable
Sebai, Jihane. "Coopération interfirmes et innovation dans le secteur de l'industrie pharmaceutique : une appréhension par les compétences." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006VERS005S.
Full textThis doctoral dissertation focuses on the necessary competences and characteristics of firms involved in cooperative innovation projects. It subscribes to the hypothesis that involvement in cooperative agreements requires the presence of a certain number of factors (and competences). This dissertation goes beyond the restrictive resource allocation perspective (which draws on the transaction cost theory), by placing inter firm co-operation in a context of competence creation and by distinguishing the characteristics of firms participating in co-operative relationships. The empirical investigations, based on the R&D intensive pharmaceutical industry, aim at identifying the various co-operative forms characteristic of this sector, the competences which contribute to innovation and R&D project activities, and the factors which determine co-operative involvement. The results suggest that the aptitude to innovate in the pharmaceutical sector depends on certain organisational, technological, relational and means competences. Furthermore, participation in co-operative relationships is stimulated by the presence of the fore-mentioned competences as well as certain firm characteristics. The variables influencing pharmaceutical firm participation in innovation agreements differ, however, according to the nature of the pharmaceutical partners (big pharma, start-up, biotechnology firms, public research laboratories, etc. ) and their geographical locations (France, Europe, North America, countries in other continents)
Carrière, Isabelle. "Evaluation économique du programme d'aménagement hydro-agricole du Bas-Rhône-Languedoc." Montpellier 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON10040.
Full textMaciulyte, Jurgita. "Mutations agraires dans l'espace rural en Lituanie." Montpellier 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON30019.
Full textMohammad, Ahmad. "Le secteur agricole et son rôle dans le développement économique en Irak." Paris 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA010018.
Full textAraujo, Claudio Eduardo. "Les effets de l'instabilité des prix sur la production agricole : application au Brésil." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993CLF1A001.
Full textAraujo, Claudio Eduardo. "Les effets de l'instabilité des prix sur la production agricole : application au Brésil." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993CLF10008.
Full textChiotaki, Amalia. "Organisation de la production rurale et crédit agricole en Epire : le cas d'Arta (1881-1912)." Nice, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NICE2013.
Full textChiotaki, Amalia. "Organisation de la production rurale et crédit agricole en Epire : le cas d'Arta (1881-1912)." Nice, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NICEA002.
Full textAli, Fatma Hussein. "Les effets des lois de la réforme agraire sur le développement agricole en Irak." Montpellier 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985MON10073.
Full textBakali, Yahya. "La situation agricole et alimentaire du Maroc : de l'autosuffisance à la dépendance." Montpellier 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986MON10013.
Full textIn marocco the agriculture and food problems have been worsening in the last few years. To day the supply of food is not able to meet the ever increasing demand. To come up to the want of food marocco has to provide it self on the international market, which means a commercial dependance for food. This situation has got serious consequences en food consumption, which goes back to tradition. In other respects, differences between the types of food consumption are wideming and marocco depends more and more on impont for its supply in calories. Besides, there is a deterioration of the commercial balance in the agri-foodstuffs sector. The increasing and expensive agri-foodstuffs imponts have worsened the crisis of the marocan treasure. Finally the food problem that marocco is now experiencing is chronic and structural and its numerous and various dimensions are related to the production, consumption and distribution problems. Were no solutions brough't in the very shont term to this crucial problem, then the food situation of the country would still be worse, and its dependancy would increase in alarming proportions. This is the reason why it is necessary to adopt a different approach to this food and agricultural problem
Coulibaly, Seydou Ouaritio. "Santé et développement au Mali : l’impact de l’onchocercose sur la production agricole et le bien-être des ménages." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998CLF10196.
Full textThis thesis concerns the impact of onchocerciasis on agricultural output and household income in Mali. We undertake a cross-sectional analysis of households, relating the presence of onchocerciasis, malaria and other diseases to measures of economic performance, while attempting to control for other factors. The sample consists of 177 households drawn from six villages in two zones of Mali. Each household provided date for twelve-month period. In a multivariate analysis explaining the value of household’s agricultural output, we use a framework of a production function to design our regression model. We find that both onchocerciasis and malaria incidence in the household have a significant depressive effect on output. We then look at the factors affecting levels of household income or total consumption using a different regression model. Again, onchocerciasis and malaria are found to have negative economic effects. The result implies that two diseases tend to force some households below a poverty line. A probit analysis confirms this implication
Bourgeon, Jean-Marc. "Asymétries d'information et comportements stratégiques dans l'instrumentation de la politique agricole commune." Paris 10, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA100120.
Full textThe subject of this dissertation is the study of instruments that the European Union (EU), and more generally a government, may employ to regulate the agricultural sector. The framework is a static welfare analysis. Recent developments of this theory are stressed, particularly incentive mechanisms that are well-suited to contractual policies or tenders. Two European policies concerning production and retail of cereals are considered: an indirect policy to reduce the production by land retirement, the so-called "set-aside" policy, and the "export refunds", which are designed to enhance the European exports, and are partially tendered for. The first section is devoted to traditional welfare analysis. Modern developments of this theory applied to agricultural sector are exposed. The topic of the second section is mechanisms theory. In this section, the case of a general lack of information which mixes both adverse selection and moral hazard problems is presented. This case corresponds to the general problem of supply regulation. Particularly, the properties of threshold mechanisms are examined. The last section of this dissertation is devoted to two European agricultural policies. The first one is a supply reducing policy adopted by the EU at the end of the 80's and based on voluntary participation of acreage retirement. The second one concerns the sale of cereal stocks that are the property of the EU resulting from her policy on the European market
Trébuil, Guy. "Sathing Phra : un système agraire en crise au sud de la Thaïlande." Paris, Institut national d'agronomie de Paris Grignon, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987INAPA010.
Full textEadan, Abdulsattar. "L'analyse des coûts dans les projets agricoles en Irak." Montpellier 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON10026.
Full textAnalysis of costs in agricultural production raises two questions. First, that of the benefits to be obtained from the analysis ; and second, that of its possibilities, its limits, and the methods to be developed in order to complete the analysis. The benefits to be obtained are dependent upon political, social and economic considerations on the production unit level as well as on the macro-economic level. However, the requirement of a minimum of information relative to the analysis cannot be ignored. Difficulties mainly come from the specificity of the agricultural production, but means can be designed to overcome these difficulties, provided that they do not depart from the objectives to be reached. The iraki agricultural projects, in all their aspects, constitute the field of application of this study
Chabane, Mohamed. "Agriculture, rente et développement : de l'histoire à la prospective, le cas de l’Algérie." Rennes 2, 2011. http://www.bu.univ-rennes2.fr/system/files/theses/TheseChabane.pdf.
Full textSince 1962, Algeria has experienced strong population dynamics, which broke various balances economic, social and natural. One consequence of this population pressure is seen through the imbalance of agricultural resources, which led to an extremely high food dependency vis-à-vis other countries. Today, most of the commodity is imported and the gap between supply and demand is increasingly rising. Since the intensive exploitation of hydrocarbons, agriculture has often been neglected and relegated to second place. However, agricultural policy initiated by the country's independence ensured top performance in the agricultural sector, which enjoyed a reputation as an exporter sector mainly due to policies of basic infrastructures, , and of all sorts of supports as , a way of promoting very advanced techniques. How and why could farming reach such a state? What the State could do if the hydrocarbon resources are running low? How can the State put farming in the forefront? How can it give agriculture a place with which it will contribute to the economic development of the nation? How can it meet the challenges of the future and cope with population growth, climate change and depletion of natural resources, presently the almost only sources of finance for the State? To answer these questions, we first consider the history of the Algerian agriculture during the last centuries. This quest leads to the conclusion that a real farm policy, founded over a real and effective study of Algerian agricultural sector is necessary. To this end, a mathematical model linking together the main parameters of the Algerian agricultural system is built. Focused on the future of the sector in Algeria, its goal is not only to imitate behaviour of agricultural systems but also to produce scenarios that could occur in reality in case of policy changes it is based on a rational analysis of land use patterns as depicted in field studies
Yamba, Boubacar. "Ressources ligneuses et problèmes d'aménagement forestier dans la zone agricole du Niger." Bordeaux 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR30029.
Full textRobilliard, Anne-Sophie. "Trois outils pour l'étude d'une économie agricole pauvre : microéconométrie, modèle d'équilibre général calculable et microsimulaton appliqués à Madagascar." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010023.
Full textSanou, Moumouni. "Enjeux fonciers en zone de colonisation agricole : stratégies de gestion de l'espace le long du fleuve Mouhoun (département de Padema) - Burjkina Faso." Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100044.
Full textRinaudo, Jean-Daniel. "Rentes, corruption et lobbying politique : obstacles aux réformes dans le secteur irrigué au Pakistan." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000CLF10224.
Full textMost of the developing countries engaged in structural adjustment programs are progressively withdrawing from the management of large-scale public irrigation systems. A number of recent studies have highlighted the political difficulties faced by Governments to implement such reforms, raising the question of their political feasibility. After reviewing the irrigation management reforms undertaken in other countries, this research focuses on the Pakistan case, where such a reform has been initiated in 1993. The analysis of 50 years of agricultural policy in Pakistan reveals that most cases of reform failure that have occurred in the past can be attributed to the resistance of powerful interest groups, and more specifically to the coalition of the rural elite with the public administration. In order to understand the opposition of these groups to the proposed irrigation management reform, we analyze the actual functioning of an irrigation system at the local level. A case study is conducted in Southern Punjab to quantify the economic value of the rents threatened by the reform. This study shows that the rents are shared between actors belonging to the private and the public sectors, through a system of administrative and political corruption. The functioning of this system is formalized using a game theoretical framework, and the conclusions derived from this model are empirically validated with an econometric study. The qualitative and quantitative information collected as well the theoretical model are then used to develop a prospective view of the reform. We identify several factors that may generate a significant risk of reform failure and suggest a few measures that could be implemented to mitigate this risk
Meurier, Virginie. "Autosuffisance céréalière et sécurité alimentaire en Inde : une mise ne perspective historique." Grenoble 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003GRE21006.
Full textAgnatios, Abijaoudé Roy Antoine. "L'agriculture du Mont-Liban après la guerre libanaise : étude d'économie rurale." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010593.
Full textBensahel, Wassila. "Création de valeur au sein des entreprises intensives en immatériel : le cas des entreprises de biothechnologie." Lille 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL20002.
Full textThe objective of this work is to present a modelling of the value creation process adapted to the intangible-intensive firms, the specificity of which erodes any comparison with the traditional firms, and militates for a change of manager mantality and adoption of new approaches allowing the consideration of real and hidden sources of value. The first part of the thesis proposes a presentation of the intangible-intensive firms and of their specificities and characteristics. It also proposes a modelling of their value creation process reflecting the fundamental sources of value, with the dual aim of application to intangible and presentation of the new real options approach leading in fact to better evaluations. The second part of the thesis presents the chosen research context : the biotecnology firms. On the basis of this choice, our empirical analysis is based and our methodological frame is built by following three steps : a case study, a qualitative study based on expert interviews and finally an additional quantitative study. The last part of the thesis suggests demonstrating the descriptive and explanatory capacity of our grid of reading as well as its impacts with regard to our research problem
Benslimane, Chakib. "Rente foncière, état et accumulation. Contribution à l'analyse du surplus agricole et du capitalisme agraire : cas du Maroc." Nice, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985NICE0006.
Full textZouabi, Oussama. "L'impact du changement climatique la production agricole et la croissance économique : Cas de la Tunisie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUL2008.
Full textThe aim of this research is to analysis both direct and indirect effect of the climate change on the agricultural production and the economic growth. This PhD research we will be based on an empirical methodology, through applying a spacial econometrics and the cointegration technique of a panel data as well as a multisectoral general equilibrium growth model. The first part is devoted to find the effect of the climate change on the agricultural production in a macro spatial level during the period 1980-2012. The main gaol of this first chapter of this PhD is to determine the direct and indirect effect of the weather forecast and the temperature changes in one region compared to the neighbouring regions. The originality of this spacial modelisation is to give an effective spacial effect. The second part of this research is aimed to use a micro spacial analysis to find out the effect of the climate change on the agricultural production in the long term way and for each region rather then all of them together as in the first chapter. In the last part of this PhD research we developed a general and dynamic equilibrium model for the Tunisian economy taking in a count eventual climate change forcast from 2015 to 2030. Aiming to calculate the effect of this change on the agricultural production and the economic aggregate in Tunisa. The resulats show that the climate change forecast in the futur will affect the agricultural production in Tunisia in both the short run and the long term and this is because of the irrigated and non irrigated plantations. The decrease of the production will affect the food industry which will decrease the level of the investment, the employment in this sector as well as the consumption
Salas, Casasola Ina. "L' impact de la libéralisation commerciale agricole sur la pauvreté : étude de cas mexicain." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008VERS017S.
Full textMany developing countries applied structural adjustment economic programs during the 80´s and 90´s, where one of the main elements was trade liberalization. In order to analyze the agricultural trade liberalization impact on Mexico’s poverty, a statistical analysis of the trade, and the national and regional production indicators was done, in order to review the displacement and the complementariness between growth and trade. Trade liberalization in Mexico relegated small, and self sufficient (autoconsumo) producers from the new market order due to the reduction of its degree of market integration, is a main conclusion. The real value loss of its products had a negative income effect, and set them in a negative poverty circle, since it reduced their possibilities to acquire new capabilities and possibilities to be inserted in profitable economic systems. It started a poverty process inside the agricultural sector, which in spite of its increased commercial dynamism, it didn’t have growth spill over effects, and as a consequence, it started an agricultural price factors worsening. Even if the trade liberalisation impacts were not uniform, the regional analysis demonstrated that the compensation between “winners and losers” is not automatic. On the contrary, the liberalization served to intensify the dynamic economic differences, and it drove a development difference between the north, the centre and the south of the country
Kurashige, Yasuhiko. "Le déclin de l'agriculture japonaise : étude géographique économique." Paris 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA040119.
Full textN'Diaye, Boubacar. "Les Soninké de la moyenne vallée du Sénégal : évolution comparée de la consommation alimentaire et du fonctionnement des unités de production agricole." Montpellier 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986MON10049.
Full textElloumi, Mohamed. "Étude comparée de quelques types caractéristiques de structures de production agricole du nord de la Tunisie." Montpellier 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986MON10029.
Full textThis work proceeds from the importance of the cooperative production units in the tunisian agriculture and from the role that they must play in the development of agricultural production, resolution of employment problems and leading of other agricultural sectors for more intensification. In the first part, we begin to analyse the agricultural policy fitted to the cooperative and state structures and the accomplishment degree of the assigned objectives to this kind of farmings. Then, at the regional level (mateur in northern tunisia) we have carried out a functionning analysis of the cooperative production units, based on a study of cultural systems, production systems, work organisation and economical managment. This has allowed us a better understanding of the restraints at the production level that explain in part the discrepancy between objectives and realizations. In a second part, through the analysis of functionning and of economical and social results of the pilot and demonstrative farming fretissa project, in the same region, and the analysis of the conditions of their accomplishment at the production and environmental levels, we tried to judge the transposition possibilities of fretissa's results to the cooperatives, especially in the form of development projects on the way to realization. The results showed that for existing situation the cooperative production units have better results than those obtained with private farmings with the same size, and for some cultivations, bring the fretissa's results. However, the existance of important variations between units and from one year to another shows that their managment makes often weakness appear, because of the framing heavyness, the lack of cooperative instrument working and the contradiction between the interests of the different intervening parties. Disregarding this restraints sigth, there will be no success in conducting the development projects, proposed at the present time and that look for a better valorization of the agricultural potential existing, in spite of important contributions of financial means
Latruffe, Laure. "Farm technical efficiency, credit and investment in a transition country : a microeconomic analysis in Poland." Paris 10, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA100091.
Full textOn the first May 2004 Poland became a member of the European Union (EU) after 15 difficult years of transition from communist regime to market economy. This thesis' objective was to investigate the reasons for the persistence of small farms, abundant labour and obsolete capital on farms. Farms' productivity was hampered by a lack of land and an excess of capital and labour. The best performers were young and educated farmers who were indebted and had good land quality. The imperfections on the rural credit market constrained the investment decisions of the most productive farms, while the least productive farms were not affected. The accession to the EU could be beneficial to the productivity improvement and to avoid a social disaster
Thohari, Endang Setyawati Martodidjojo. "Rôle du Crédit agricole dans le développement de l'agriculture en Indonésie : le cas d'étude à Java Est." Montpellier 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON10009.
Full textIn indonesia, particularly in the province of east java, three official credit organizations are to be found in the rural sector, as well as a number of different informal, traditional credit facilities. The inefficiency of these credit oganizations in mobilizing savings and distributing credit to all the social groups which need it, has prompted a study of their mode of operation. In the rural sector, credit is most often given for commercial investment ; its application for running costs is secondary, particularly at the obnding stage. The poorest proportion of the population rarely uses credit for productive or investment purposes. This analysis shows that the urge to save is stable for well-to-do families ; it also shows that a potential for saving, albeit weak, is also to be found among poorer families. However, this savings potential is not mobilized. Apart from the possible and desirable improvements to be made to the functioning of credit organisations - loan flexibility, diversity of saving facilities, review of interest rates - the development of rural credit appears to be conditioned by the development of the economic activity as a whole. Any rural credit development programme must be regionally specified, due to market contrasts in local situations