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Journal articles on the topic 'Bioterrorism Prevention'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 December 2022

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Graham, Bob, and Jim Talent. "Bioterrorism: Redefining Prevention." Biosecurity and Bioterrorism: Biodefense Strategy, Practice, and Science 7, no. 2 (2009): 125–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/bsp.2009.0610.

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Santos, Helena, Maria de Lurdes Pinto, Luís Cardoso, Isilda Rodrigues, and Ana Cláudia Coelho. "What if a Bioterrorist Attack Occurs?—A Survey on Citizen Preparedness in Aveiro, Portugal." Societies 13, no. 1 (2023): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soc13010018.

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Introduction: A bioterrorist attack is the intentional release of pathogenic micro-organisms, such as viruses, bacteria, or their toxins, with the aim of causing illness or death in people, animals, or plants. In this study, we investigated the knowledge and practices related to bioterrorism preparedness in Central Portugal. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed with a convenience sample in the population of Aveiro, Central Portugal, to assess their knowledge about bioterrorism, self-perceived preparation to act in case of bioterrorism and pet owners’ preparation. An onlin

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3

Bilala, Anne-Yolande, and Francisco Galamas. "A Bioterrorism Prevention Initiative." Nonproliferation Review 22, no. 1 (2015): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10736700.2015.1070016.

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Horton, Heather H., James J. Misrahi, Gene W. Matthews, and Paula L. Kocher. "Critical Biological Agents: Disease Reporting as a Tool for Determining Bioterrorism Preparedness." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 30, no. 2 (2002): 262–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2002.tb00392.x.

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Before September 11, 2001, a mass-casualty terrorist attack on American soil was generally considered a remote possibility. Similarly, before October 4, 2001—the first confirmed case of anthrax caused by intentional release — widespread bioterrorism seemed implausible. Among the arguments that such a biological artack was unlikely included: the lack of a historical precedent; the technological and organizational challenges to acquiring and weaponizing a biological agent; and the almost universal moral opprobrium that would certainly accompany the use by terrorists of such a weapon. In the wake

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Li, Heng, Shenglong Zhou, and Shuangqing Hu. "Analysis and Prevention of the Realistic Threats of Bioterrorism." Asia Social Science Academy 2, no. 3 (2022): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.51600/isr.2022.2.3.23.

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At present, the abuse of biotechnology achievements is gradually escalating, and it has become the most urgent emerging biological threat source. The biosafety risks in laboratories are constantly escalating, and the procurement, transportation, transfer and research of virus samples often violate operational norms, posing a serious threat to public safety. From the perspective of the environment faced by China, the situation of anti-bioterrorism threat is not optimistic. There are still obvious shortcomings in internal risk control such as pathogenic microorganism laboratory safety. External

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Meyer, Richard F. "Public Health Laboratory Preparedness; Bioterrorism the New Challenge." Microscopy and Microanalysis 7, S2 (2001): 180–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600026970.

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In the event of a bioterrorist attack, rapid screening, agent identification, and confirmatory diagnosis will be critical, so that prevention and treatment measures can be implemented quickly. However, because few biologic agents thought likely to be used as biological weapons represent major public health problems in the United States, we have limited capacity to diagnose them, either at the state and local or the federal level. to begin to address this new public health challenge the Laboratory Response Network for Bioterrorism (LRN) was established.The LRN is a multi-level system designed t

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Umar, Ayesha. "Bioterrorism in the Twenty-First Century: Exploring the Threat of Potential use of Biological Weapons by Anti-State Agents." International Journal of Applied and Advanced Multidisciplinary Research 2, no. 4 (2024): 313–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.59890/ijaamr.v2i4.1641.

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Bioterrorism involves the intentional dissemination of biological agents, such as bacteria, viruses, toxins, or fungi, with the aim of causing widespread fear, illness, and death among targeted populations. Anti-state agents, including terrorist organizations or individuals with extremist ideologies, may employ bioterrorism as a means to achieve their political, ideological, or religious objectives. The study explores the motivation behind the potential use of bioterrorism by anti-state agents, the threat of biological warfare, and the state readiness in the case of a biological attack. It exa

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Misita, Caron P., Andrea B. Boosinger, and Michael G. Kendrach. "Bioterrorism Web Sites for Pharmacists." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 37, no. 1 (2003): 132–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1345/aph.1c275.

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OBJECTIVE To identify Internet Web sites for ease of accessibility to bioterrorism-related information, comprehensive provision of bioterrorism-related information, and provision of bioterrorism information that specifically pertains to the pharmacy profession. DATA SOURCES Web sites of national pharmacy organizations, US government agencies, and medical organizations, as well as Web sites related to bioterrorism. DATA SYNTHESIS Pharmacists need access to relevant bioterrorism information in a timely manner. An evaluation of Web sites was performed to identify those that include a discussion o

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Amasiadi, Natalia. "Η βιοτρομοκρατία και η σύγχρονη αναγκαιότητα της βιοάμυνας". Bioethica 7, № 2 (2021): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bioeth.28157.

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Introduction: Scientific progress has considerably increased the risk of unexpected bioterrorist attacks. In accordance comes the necessity for a potent “shield” of protection, known as “biosecurity” and widely referred as “biodefense”. However, ethical challenges and concerns, arising along with bioterrorism, are inevitable to address.Methods: COVID-19 outbreak immerged the significance of preexisting powerful biodefense systems. Primary factors to consider are theirs efficacy, the availability of capable emergency plans, adequate personal protective equipment, and sufficient funding. Least b

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Ambroziak, Radosław, Sławomir Ambroziak, Ryszard Katulski, Jarosław Sadowski, Jacek Stefański, and Edyta Lelo. "Bioterrorism — characteristics and possibilities of prevention." Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Marynarki Wojennej 204, no. 1 (2016): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/0860889x.1202431.

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11

Mair, Michael, and Julie Samia Mair. "A complementary approach to bioterrorism prevention." Nonproliferation Review 10, no. 3 (2003): 114–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10736700308436948.

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12

Spence, Julie. "Introduction: Bioterrorism: prevention, preparation, or politics." CJEM 1, no. 03 (1999): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1481803500004218.

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Robinson-Dunn, Barbara. "The Microbiology Laboratory's Role in Response to Bioterrorism." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 126, no. 3 (2002): 291–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2002-126-0291-tmlsri.

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Abstract Context.—Bioterrorism has existed since before the 14th century; however, the specter of such an attack is much greater today than ever before. Technical expertise in microbiology and molecular testing, combined with the rapidity of worldwide air travel, has ensured that no geographic area would be untouched in a widespread attack. Clinical microbiology laboratories will play a pivotal role in the detection of attacks involving weapons of mass destruction. Objective.—To identify and discuss the microorganisms most likely to be used as agents of bioterrorism. Data Sources.—Data were ob

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Ruchi Verma, Vinay Bhardwaj, Shailee Fotedar, Arun Singh Thakur, Akshay Thakur, and Gauri Atwal. "Challenges of Bioterrorism: An Indian Perspective." Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development 15, no. 2 (2024): 414–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.37506/sgrwjb03.

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Bioterrorism is the deliberate release of viruses, bacteria, toxins, or other harmful agents to cause illness or death in people, animals, or plants. A biological weapon is useful to terrorists mainly as a method of creating mass panic and disruption to a state or a country. Bioterrorism agents are classified as categories A, B, and C. Bioterrorism imposes particularly heavy demands on the nation’s public health and health care system because ultimately it will be the public health system that will be called on to mitigate and ameliorate the consequences of a bioterrorism attack. India is the

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15

Salerno, Reynolds M., and Lauren T. Hickok. "Strengthening Bioterrorism Prevention: Global Biological Materials Management." Biosecurity and Bioterrorism: Biodefense Strategy, Practice, and Science 5, no. 2 (2007): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/bsp.2006.0027.

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Ali, Rubina, Inamullah Jan, and Muhammad Shoaib Malik. "Emerging Health Security Threats and Impact of Bioterrorism on the U.S. National Security." Global Political Review V, no. I (2020): 94–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2020(v-i).11.

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Bioterrorism fear increases after the deliberate release of biological agents at the end of the twentieth century. Letters containing anthrax powder were posted through the U.S. postal system which produces fear among the population. The anthrax assaults after 9/11 made the nation conscious that the public health system is ill-prepared to administer a large-scale emergency. Bioterrorism issue is associated with the deliberate spreading of dangerous diseases thus how comprehensive bioterrorism prevention measures should be taken. Hence, the emergence of bioterrorism has enforced the US administ

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RANA, N. "Bioterrorism: A contexture in Indian perspective." Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 88, no. 11 (2018): 1221–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v88i11.85021.

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The threat of biological warfare has been engaging the attention of Indian defence and medical experts for a long time indicating the vulnerability of the country to a potential public health threat. This paper gives an overview of bioterrorism; its historical facets, attributes of bioterrorism agents and impact of advancement in biotechnology on development of biowarfare agents. Effective bioterrorism planning, prevention and response requires cooperation and collaboration between law enforcement and public health. The paper discusses the biodefence preparedness and constraints from the India

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DIAC, Madalina Maria, Nona GIRLESCU, Simona Irina DAMIAN, Anton KNIELING, and Diana BULGARU ILIESCU. "BIOTERRORISM AND BIOSECURITY – RISK ANALYSIS AND SPECIFIC PREVENTION." Medicine and Materials 1, no. 1 (2021): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.36868/medmater.2021.01.01.031.

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Microorganisms with lethal potential for human body and the toxins they produce have their own place in history, because of the numerous epidemics they have caused and because of the large number of human lives they have taken. They are a hidden enemy, extremely insidious and with high mortality rates and they can destroy all the defence, control, and medical systems of a state; they can kill many people before anyone can realise the true phenomenon; they can hide the criminals before even suspecting the crime, and they can create chaos, terror, and even economic collapse. Furthermore, we have

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HILLEMAN, M. "Overview: cause and prevention in biowarfare and bioterrorism." Vaccine 20, no. 25-26 (2002): 3055–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0264-410x(02)00300-6.

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Schull, Michael. "Commentary: Bioterrorism: when politics make the best prevention." CJEM 1, no. 03 (1999): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1481803500004231.

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The United States dominates academic emergency medicine. In other specialties, century-old medical traditions and international leaders balance the US influence. But emergency medicine was born in the US, the number of US trainees far out-number those of other countries combined, and our textbooks and journals are written primarily by US authors.

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G, Bupesh, Sivasubramanian S, Gunasekeran P, and Raman K R K. "Biological disaster, prevention and rescue." Journal of Management and Science 1, no. 4 (2014): 240–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/jms.2014.21.

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Biological Disaster leads to mass mortality due to the entry of virulent microbes into a congregation of susceptible people living in a manner suited to the spread of infection. The widespread of infection is caused by spore dispersal in the air. Small Pox spreads by aerosols, Typhus and Plague spread through vectors such as lice, fleas, rodents and mosquitoes. During emergency outbreaks in Laboratory, Hospitals and Health Care Industries, the essential protection against diseases of biological outbreaks (bioterrorism) will include the development of mechanisms for appropriate detection of suc

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Cooper, Joshua. "Bioterrorism and the Fermi Paradox." International Journal of Astrobiology 12, no. 2 (2013): 144–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1473550412000511.

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AbstractWe proffer a contemporary solution to the so-called Fermi Paradox, which is concerned with conflict between Copernicanism and the apparent paucity of evidence for intelligent alien civilizations. In particular, we argue that every community of organisms that reaches its space-faring age will (1) almost immediately use its rocket-building computers to reverse-engineer its genetic chemistry and (2) self-destruct when some individual uses said technology to design an omnicidal pathogen. We discuss some of the possible approaches to prevention with regard to Homo sapiens’ vulnerability to

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Sigmon, Hilary D., and Elaine L. Larson. "Increasing Nursing Research Opportunities in Biodefense: National Institute of Nursing Research Science Workgroup." Biological Research For Nursing 4, no. 4 (2003): 306–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099800403251235.

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The threat of bioterrorism and the need for biodefense are new challenges for the scientific community. Bioterrorism already has had significant effects on the nation’s health. Researchers involved in nursing research are addressing these effects and the many issues relevant to biodefense. To explore the role and potential contributions of nursing research in these arenas, the National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR) recently convened a science workgroup. The workgroup highlighted current knowledge in biodefense, suggested opportunities for nursing research, and proposed specific research

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Serly, Vicennia, and Yessy Susanty Sabri. "Anthrax: Deadly Bioterrorism Threat and Prevention Challenges in Indonesia." Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies 5, no. 1 (2025): 400–409. https://doi.org/10.59188/eduvest.v5i1.50301.

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Anthrax is a disease caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis. The disease can be a threat to bioterrorism because it causes a high mortality rate and is easy to spread. The characteristics of sport anthrax are resistance to extreme environmental conditions. Furthermore, the Vegetative form of anthrax bacteria can form biofilms. This characteristic causes the bacteria to become a potential biological weapon agent because it is persistent and resistant to some antimicrobial agents. Antibiotic therapy is still considered the main treatment choice for anthrax disease. Antibiotic recommendations

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Wagar, Elizabeth A., Michael J. Mitchell, Karen C. Carroll, et al. "A Review of Sentinel Laboratory Performance: Identification and Notification of Bioterrorism Agents." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 134, no. 10 (2010): 1490–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2010-0098-cp.1.

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Abstract Context.—The anthrax incident of 2001 in the United States prompted the College of American Pathologists (CAP), the Association of Public Health Laboratories, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to develop exercises for Laboratory Response Network (LRN) sentinel laboratories. Objective.—To provide an overview of the results of the CAP bioterrorism Laboratory Preparedness Survey (LPS, 2007) and Laboratory Preparedness Exercise (LPX, 2008) and assist LRN sentinel laboratories and public health agencies in planning for bioterrorism events. Design.—Bioterrorism agents and n

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Brandeau, PhD, Margaret L., Gregory S. Zaric, PhD, Johannes Freiesleben, PhD, Frances L. Edwards, PhD, and Dena M. Bravata, MD, MS. "An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure: Improving communication to reduce mortality during bioterrorism responses." American Journal of Disaster Medicine 3, no. 2 (2008): 65–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/ajdm.2008.0010.

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Objective: To identify communication needs and evaluate the effectiveness of alternative communication strategies for bioterrorism responses.Methods: We provide a framework for evaluating communication needs during a bioterrorism response. Then, using a simulation model of a hypothetical response to anthrax bioterrorism in a large metropolitan area, we evaluate the costs and benefits of alternative strategies for communication during a response.Results: Expected mortality increases significantly with increases in the time for attack detection and announcement; decreases in the rate at which ex

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Lillibridge, Scott R., April J. Bell, and Richard S. Roman. "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention bioterrorism preparedness and response." American Journal of Infection Control 27, no. 6 (1999): 463–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0196-6553(99)70020-9.

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Hodge, James G., Erin Fuse Brown, and Jessica P. O'Connell. "The HIPAA Privacy Rule and Bioterrorism Planning, Prevention, and Response." Biosecurity and Bioterrorism: Biodefense Strategy, Practice, and Science 2, no. 2 (2004): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/153871304323146360.

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Ristanovic, Elizabeta. "From epidemics to terrorism: Infective agents as specific security risk in contemporary world." Medjunarodni problemi 68, no. 2-3 (2016): 242–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/medjp1603242r.

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Infectious diseases are recognized as one of the leading security risks in the changing security architecture of the contemporary world, because of the dimensions of the possible consequences that can provoke, as evidenced by the epidemics that changed the history of mankind in the past (plague, smallpox, Spanish influenza) and the consequences that have been left behind the epidemic of Ebola or AIDS as interplanetary plague of the new era. Migrations and climate changes present the risk of emergency of new or increasing the incidence of existing infectious diseases. Misuse of microorganisms a

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John, Ronald St, Brian Finlay, and Curtis Blair. "Bioterrorism in Canada: An Economic Assessment of Prevention and Postattack Response." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases 12, no. 5 (2001): 275–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2001/904148.

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The present paper calculates the human and economic consequences of a bioterrorist attack on Canadian soil using aerosolizedBacillus anthracisandClostridium botulinum. The study assumed that 100,000 people in a Canadian suburban neighbourhood were exposed over a 2 h period to an infectious dose of one of the agents. Using an epidemic curve based on the epidemiology and management of anthrax and botulinum poisoning, the costs of intervention and treatment after an attack were compared with the costs of preparedness before a bioterrorist attack. The results show that an investment in planning an

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Chorna, Olha, and Roman Baitsar. "ASPECTS OF STANDARDIZATION AND COUNTERING FOOD TERRORISM IN THE CONDITIONS OF MARTIAL LAW." Measuring Equipment and Metrology 84, no. 1 (2023): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/istcmtm2023.01.054.

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One of the important issues in the field of ensuring product safety at food industry enterprises is the prevention of bioterrorism. The emergence of bioterrorism is associated with the rapid development of genetic engineering and the emergence of the latest biotechnologies in the world, which contributes to a quick and easily accessible way of neutralizing the enemy. In connection with the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation on the territory of Ukraine, the occupation and the holding of illegal referendums, and the use of all types and types of terrorism, market operators whose locat

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J Knabel, Stephen. "Food biosecurity in the United States." Microbiology Australia 25, no. 3 (2004): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma04310.

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The events of 11 September 2001 highlighted the vulnerability of US citizens and the US society in general to terrorist attacks. Since then, numerous governmental agencies and scientific bodies have emphasised the need to enhance the biosecurity of the US food supply. Food biosecurity is the prevention of intentional contamination of food with hazardous biological agents through tampering or other malicious, criminal or terrorist actions or threats. As part of the nation?s response to this issue, Congress passed the Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Response Act of 2002. Title III of the

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Radosavljević, V., and B. Jakovljević. "Bioterrorism—Types of epidemics, new epidemiological paradigm and levels of prevention." Public Health 121, no. 7 (2007): 549–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2006.12.010.

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Parmet, Wendy E. "After September 11: Rethinking Public Health Federalism." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 30, no. 2 (2002): 201–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2002.tb00387.x.

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In the fall of 2001, the need for a vigorous and effective public health system became more apparent than it had been for many decades. With the advent of the first widescale bioterrorist attack on the United States, the government's obligation to respond and take steps to protect the public health became self-evident.Also obvious was the need for of an effective partnership between federal, state, and local officials. Local officials are almost always on the front lines of the struggle against bioterrorism. They are the first to recognize a suspicious case and to provide testing and treatment

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Gould, Deborah W., David Walker, and Paula W. Yoon. "The Evolution of BioSense: Lessons Learned and Future Directions." Public Health Reports 132, no. 1_suppl (2017): 7S—11S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033354917706954.

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The BioSense program was launched in 2003 with the aim of establishing a nationwide integrated public health surveillance system for early detection and assessment of potential bioterrorism-related illness. The program has matured over the years from an initial Centers for Disease Control and Prevention–centric program to one focused on building syndromic surveillance capacity at the state and local level. The uses of syndromic surveillance have also evolved from an early focus on alerts for bioterrorism-related illness to situational awareness and response, to various hazardous events and dis

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Yingst, Samuel L., Louis M. Huzella, Lara Chuvala, and Mark Wolcott. "A rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) model of aerosol-exposure brucellosis (Brucella suis): pathology and diagnostic implications." Journal of Medical Microbiology 59, no. 6 (2010): 724–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.017285-0.

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The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention lists Brucella as a potential bioterrorism threat requiring enhanced diagnostic capacity and surveillance (http://emergency.cdc.gov/bioterrorism/). Successful treatment and management of patients after exposure to biological threat agents depends on accurate and timely diagnosis, but many biothreat agents present with similar, vague clinical signs – commonly referred to as ‘flu-like illness’. Diagnosis of brucellosis is notoriously challenging, especially early in infection, and definitive diagnosis may require invasive methods, e.g. bone marro

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Shay, Shaul, and Esther Shay. "The Medical Intelligence And The Bioterrorism." Security science journal 5, no. 2 (2024): 139–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.37458/ssj.5.2.10.

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The definition of bioterrorism: "Bioterrorism refers to the intentional release of biological agents or toxins for the purpose of harming or killing humans, animals or plants with the intent to intimidate or coerce a government or civilian population to further political or social objectives." The threat from bioterrorism is real, with current reports indicating that individuals, terrorist groups and criminals have both the capability and intention to use biological agents to cause harm to society. The damage caused by such an event could reach untold magnitude, causing widespread illness and

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Greenfield, Ronald A., and Michael S. Bronze. "Prevention and treatment of bacterial diseases caused by bacterial bioterrorism threat agents." Drug Discovery Today 8, no. 19 (2003): 881–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-6446(03)02847-2.

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Walz, Bruce J., Richard A. Bissell, Brian Maguire, and James A. Judge. "Vaccine Administration by Paramedics: A Model for Bioterrorism and Disaster ResponsePreparation." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 18, no. 4 (2003): 321–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00000558.

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AbstractThe events of 11 September 2001 have had a profound effect on disaster planning efforts in the United States. This is true especially in the area of bioter-rorism. One of the major tenets of bioterrorism response is the vaccination of at-riskpopulations. This paper investigates the efficacy of training emergency medical services paramedics to administer vaccines in public health settings as preparation for and response to bioterrorism events and other disaster events.The concept of vaccination administration by specially trained paramedics is not new. Various programs to provide immuni

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Walz, Bruce J., Richard A. Bissell, Brian Maguire, and James A. Judge. "Vaccine Administration by Paramedics: A Model for Bioterrorism and Disaster Response Preparation." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 18, no. 4 (2003): 321–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00001278.

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AbstractThe events of 11 September 2001 have had a profound effect on disaster planning efforts in the United States. This is true especially in the area of bioter-rorism. One of the major tenets of bioterrorism response is the vaccination of at-riskpopulations. This paper investigates the efficacy of training emergency medical services paramedics to administer vaccines in public health settings as preparation for and response to bioterrorism events and other disaster events.The concept of vaccination administration by specially trained paramedics is not new. Various programs to provide immuni

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Polyak, Christina S., Jonathan T. Macy, Margarita Irizarry De La Cruz, et al. "Bioterrorism-Related Anthrax: International Response by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention." Emerging Infectious Diseases 8, no. 10 (2002): 1056–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid0810.020345.

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Reisler, Ronald B., and Leonard A. Smith. "The Need for Continued Development of Ricin Countermeasures." Advances in Preventive Medicine 2012 (2012): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/149737.

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Ricin toxin, an extremely potent and heat-stable toxin produced from the bean of the ubiquitousRicinus communis(castor bean plant), has been categorized by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) as a category B biothreat agent that is moderately easy to disseminate. Ricin has the potential to be used as an agent of biological warfare and bioterrorism. Therefore, there is a critical need for continued development of ricin countermeasures. A safe and effective prophylactic vaccine against ricin that was FDA approved for “at risk” individuals would be an important first step in a

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Stein, Rob. "Internal Dissension Grows as CDC Faces Big Threats to Public Health." International Journal of Health Services 35, no. 4 (2005): 779–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/488w-fjjf-n720-8t4t.

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According to current and former CDC officials and several outside experts, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is being roiled by internal dissension as it faces such unprecedented threats as bioterrorism, a potential flu pandemic, and the obesity epidemic. The agency has been thrown into turmoil by a combination of factors, including a drawn-out restructuring, the departure of dozens of its most respected scientists, concerns about political interference, and a pending budget cut of nearly $500 million. The impact remains a matter of debate, but the uproar is causing widespread ala

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Myasnikov, Vadim A., Alexander V. Stepanov, Olga A. Miteva, Alexander S. Nikishin, Alexander S. Gogolevsky, and Ruslan I. Al-Shehadat. "Molecular aspects of creating vaccines for the prevention of poisoning ribosome-inactivating proteins of plant origin: current situation, problems of vaccine development." Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy 23, no. 2 (2021): 219–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/brmma65095.

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This article reviews the current understanding of the mechanism of action of the toxin, the clinical effects of ricin and abrin intoxication and how these relate to current and continuing prospects for vaccine development. The threat of bioterrorism worldwide has accelerated the demand for the development of therapies and vaccines against the ribosome-inactivating proteins. The diverse and unique nature of these toxins poses a challenge to vaccinologists. This paper will review the mechanism of toxicity and vaccines development to protect against the highly toxic plant-derived ribosomal toxins

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Joh, HyeonJin. "Study on the Issues and Improvement Strategies of Food Terrorism Response Systems." Korean Association for Terrorism Studies 17, no. 2 (2024): 185–212. https://doi.org/10.46350/kats.2024.17.2.185.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the threat of bioterrorism, leading countries such as the United States to enhance food security. Recently, South Korea has been preparing for biological and food terrorism risks following North Korea's balloon debris terror incident. Food terrorism is defined as the intentional contamination or threat of contamination of food with chemical, radiological, or biological agents capable of causing social, economic, and political disruption or pursuing personal vendettas or gains. However, research on food terrorism is lacking, and the boundary between food in

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Bossi, P., A. Tegnell, A. Baka, et al. "Bichat guidelines for the clinical management of plague and bioterrorism-related plague." Eurosurveillance 9, no. 12 (2004): 23–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/esm.09.12.00501-en.

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Yersinia pestis appears to be a good candidate agent for a bioterrorist attack. The use of an aerosolised form of this agent could cause an explosive outbreak of primary plague pneumonia. The bacteria could be used also to infect the rodent population and then spread to humans. Most of the therapeutic guidelines suggest using gentamicin or streptomycin as first line therapy with ciprofloxacin as optional treatment. Persons who come in contact with patients with pneumonic plague should receive antibiotic prophylaxis with doxycycline or ciprofloxacin for 7 days. Prevention of human-to-human tran

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Nowak, Paulina. "Bioterrorism and Chemoterrorism as the Forms of Contemporary Terrorism. Attacks Prevention in the Republic of Poland." Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka - Refleksje 36, no. 36 (2019): 46–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.1292.

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The article discusses the issues of bioterrorism and chemoterrorism. Based on the analysis of source literature, biological weapons and chemical weapons are briefly characterized, as well as their historical outline and examples of use known from history are presented. Additionally, the systems of preventing terrorist attacks with the use of these types of weapons are discussed on the example of the Republic of Poland. Considerations lead to the conclusion that the threat of terrorist attacks using weapon of mass destruction is currently very high, therefore there is the high need for perfectl

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Bossi, P., A. Tegnell, A. Baka, et al. "Bichat guidelines for the clinical management of smallpox and bioterrorism-related smallpox." Eurosurveillance 9, no. 12 (2004): 25–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/esm.09.12.00502-en.

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Smallpox is a viral infection caused by the variola virus. It was declared eradicated worldwide by the Word Health Organization in 1980 following a smallpox eradication campaign. Smallpox is seen as one of the viruses most likely to be used as a biological weapon. The variola virus exists legitimately in only two laboratories in the world. Any new case of smallpox would have to be the result of human accidental or deliberate release. The aerosol infectivity, high mortality, and stability of the variola virus make it a potential and dangerous threat in biological warfare. Early detection and di

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Montoya, PhD, CHS, CLS, CMC, Isaac D., and Olive M. Kimball, PhD, EdD. "The Laboratory Response Network: Its role in times of disaster." Journal of Emergency Management 5, no. 6 (2007): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jem.2007.0032.

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The Laboratory Response Network (LRN) was established by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Today, the LRN is charged with the task of maintaining an integrated network of state and local public health, federal, military, and international laboratories that can respond to bioterrorism, chemical terrorism, and other public health emergencies. The more than 150 laboratories that make up the current LRN are affiliated with federal agencies, military installations, international partners, and state and local public health departments. Laboratories in the network may accept samples fro

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Gostin, Lawrence O. "When Terrorism Threatens Health: How Far are Limitations on Human Rights Justified." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 31, no. 4 (2003): 524–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2003.tb00120.x.

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A single defining question perennially intrigues scholars and practitioners interested in public heath: To what extent should human rights be limited to protect the community’s health and safety? The question achieved prominence in the aftermath of the attacks on the World Trade Center and Pentagon on September 11, 2001 and with the intentional dispersal of anthrax spores through the U.S. Postal Systein. The conflict between security and public health intensified with the development of the Model State Emergency Health Powers Act (“Model Act”), drafted by the Center for Law and the Public’s He

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