Relevant bibliographies by topics / Biotroph

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Biotroph'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 17 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Biotroph"

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Baxter, Laura, Sucheta Tripathy, Naveed Ishaque, et al. "Signatures of Adaptation to Obligate Biotrophy in the Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis Genome." Science 330, no. 6010 (2010): 1549–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1195203.

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Many oomycete and fungal plant pathogens are obligate biotrophs, which extract nutrients only from living plant tissue and cannot grow apart from their hosts. Although these pathogens cause substantial crop losses, little is known about the molecular basis or evolution of obligate biotrophy. Here, we report the genome sequence of the oomycete Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis (Hpa), an obligate biotroph and natural pathogen of Arabidopsis thaliana. In comparison with genomes of related, hemibiotrophic Phytophthora species, the Hpa genome exhibits dramatic reductions in genes encoding (i) RXLR effectors and other secreted pathogenicity proteins, (ii) enzymes for assimilation of inorganic nitrogen and sulfur, and (iii) proteins associated with zoospore formation and motility. These attributes comprise a genomic signature of evolution toward obligate biotrophy.
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Wildermuth, Mary C., Michael A. Steinwand, Amanda G. McRae, Johan Jaenisch, and Divya Chandran. "Adapted Biotroph Manipulation of Plant Cell Ploidy." Annual Review of Phytopathology 55, no. 1 (2017): 537–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-phyto-080516-035458.

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Gutjahr, Caroline, and Uta Paszkowski. "Weights in the Balance: Jasmonic Acid and Salicylic Acid Signaling in Root-Biotroph Interactions." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 22, no. 7 (2009): 763–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-22-7-0763.

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Work on the interaction of aerial plant parts with pathogens has identified the signaling molecules jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) as important players in induced defense of the plant against invading organisms. Much less is known about the role of JA and SA signaling in root infection. Recent progress has been made in research on plant interactions with biotrophic mutualists and parasites that exclusively associate with roots, namely arbuscular mycorrhizal and rhizobial symbioses on one hand and nematode and parasitic plant interactions on the other hand. Here, we review these recent advances relating JA and SA signaling to specific stages of root colonization and discuss how both signaling molecules contribute to a balance between compatibility and defense in mutualistic as well as parasitic biotroph-root interactions.
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Kemen, Eric, and Jonathan D. G. Jones. "Obligate biotroph parasitism: can we link genomes to lifestyles?" Trends in Plant Science 17, no. 8 (2012): 448–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2012.04.005.

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GOKUL, GOPINATHAN NAIR, JACOB THOMAS, and NISHA MATHEW. "Prillieuxina aporosae sp. nov. (Asterinales, Asterinaceae) from southern Western Ghats, India." Phytotaxa 487, no. 2 (2021): 177–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.487.2.9.

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A new species of the fungus Prillieuxina causing black mildew disease on Aporosa cardiosperma (Euphorbiaceae) is described and illustrated from Konni forest division of Kerala state, India. This is the first report of the genus Prillieuxina growing as a biotroph on host family Euphorbiaceae.
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Wildermuth, Mary C. "Modulation of host nuclear ploidy: a common plant biotroph mechanism." Current Opinion in Plant Biology 13, no. 4 (2010): 449–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2010.05.005.

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Loehrer, Marco, Caspar Langenbach, Katharina Goellner, Uwe Conrath, and Ulrich Schaffrath. "Characterization of Nonhost Resistance of Arabidopsis to the Asian Soybean Rust." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 21, no. 11 (2008): 1421–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-21-11-1421.

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Asian soybean rust (ASR), caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, is a devastating disease of soybean. We report the use of the nonhost plant Arabidopsis thaliana to identify the genetic basis of resistance to P. pachyrhizi. Upon attack by P. pachyrhizi, epidermal cells of wild-type Arabidopsis accumulated H2O2, which likely orchestrates the frequently observed epidermal cell death. However, even when epidermal cell death occurred, fungal hyphae grew on and infection was terminated at the mesophyll boundary. These events were associated with expression of PDF1.2, suggesting that P. pachyrhizi, an ostensible biotroph, mimics aspects of a necrotroph. Extensive colonization of the mesophyll occurred in Arabidopsis pen mutants with defective penetration resistance. Although haustoria were found occasionally in mesophyll cells, the successful establishment of biotrophy failed, as evidenced by the cessation of fungal growth. Double mutants affected in either jasmonic acid or salicylic acid signaling in the pen3-1 background revealed the involvement of both pathways in nonhost resistance (NHR) of Arabidopsis to P. pachyrhizi. Interestingly, expression of AtNHL10, a gene that is expressed in tissue undergoing the hypersensitive response, was only triggered in infected pen3-1 mutants. Thus, a suppression of P. pachyrhizi–derived effectors by PEN3 can be inferred. Our results demonstrate that Arabidopsis can be used to study mechanisms of NHR to ASR.
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Karimi Jashni, Mansoor, Ate van der Burgt, Evy Battaglia, Rahim Mehrabi, Jérôme Collemare, and Pierre J. G. M. de Wit. "Transcriptome and proteome analyses of proteases in biotroph fungal pathogen Cladosporium fulvum." Journal of Plant Pathology 102, no. 2 (2019): 377–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42161-019-00433-0.

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Wicker, Thomas, Simone Oberhaensli, Francis Parlange, et al. "The wheat powdery mildew genome shows the unique evolution of an obligate biotroph." Nature Genetics 45, no. 9 (2013): 1092–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng.2704.

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Bailey, Bryan A., Shahin S. Ali, Mary D. Strem, and Lyndel W. Meinhardt. "Morphological variants of Moniliophthora roreri on artificial media and the biotroph/necrotroph shift." Fungal Biology 122, no. 7 (2018): 701–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2018.03.003.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Biotroph"

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au, susannad@iprimus com, and Susanna Driessen. "Lifecycle, biology and diversity of Puccinia boroniae in Western Australia." Murdoch University, 2005. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20051101.181603.

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The rust fungi (Uredinales, Basidiomycota) are an expansive and diverse group of fungal species, consisting of approximately 7000 different species in over 160 different genera. Fungi of the genus Puccinia represent a large proportion of these rust fungi, many species of which are well known for their role in causing massive yield and subsequent economic losses in agricultural crops worldwide. Puccinia boroniae is one such rust fungus and is a significant pathogen of several species of Boronia (Rutaceae), a native Australian wildflower grown commercially in Western Australia as a cutflower. Complete control of the rust pathogen is rarely achieved using chemical fungicides. Improving the level of disease control is vital for the long-term sustainability and future growth of the Boronia industry, and requires an understanding of the pathogen. The objectives of this thesis were to investigate aspects of the epidemiology, the biology and the diversity of P. boroniae in Western Australia, providing a broad understanding of the pathogen, which in turn could be employed to improve disease control. The lifecycle of P. boroniae was conclusively shown to be microcyclic by artificial inoculation of Boronia heterophylla with basidiospores released from germinating teliospores suspended over the host plant. Telia developed on the leaves within 21 days, with no intermediate rust spore stages (pycnial, uredial or aecial) observed. Rarely, low numbers of pycnia of P. boroniae were observed on field specimens collected from leaves of B. megastigma cultivated at one commercial floriculture plantation. This was the first record of pycnia of P. boroniae; however, as pycnia were not observed on other host species or plantations, or formed during controlled inoculation trials, their functional role in the lifecycle is currently unresolved. Telia were subepidermal, erumpent and pulvinate, amphigenous on leaves, stems and parts of developing flower buds, and generally persistent year round. Intracellular hyphae resembling monokaryotic haustoria (M-haustoria) were observed in leaf mesophyll cells beneath and adjacent of telia. Occasionally Sphaerellopsis filum (teleomorph Eudarluca caricis), a known mycoparasite of rust fungi, was observed on the telia. Under favourable conditions, teliospores germinated immediately without a period of dormancy, with fully mature basidiospores formed within 3–4 h after telia were exposed to moisture. Basidial development in P. boroniae was unusual, in that only one basidiospore was formed from each germinating teliospore cell. Immature teliospores were initially binucleate undergoing karyogamy to form a single large (presumably diploid) nucleus that migrated into the developing metabasidium. Both binucleate and tetranucleate metabasidia were observed, with mature uninucleate, binucleate and tetranucleate basidiospores present. At this stage, more research is required to understand the complete nuclear behaviour during teliospore germination. The morphology of the pycnial stage was similar to other Puccinia species, being ampulliform, subepidermal, amphigenous and arranged in small clusters on leaves of B. megastigma. However, the spine-like periphyses protruded through stomata as apposed to penetrating the leaf epidermis. Environmental conditions favouring the formation and dispersal of basidiospores were assessed in vitro and under field conditions with a spore catcher. Under field conditions, basidiospores were captured from February–August 2004, with peak numbers and daily incidence occurring during autumn (April/May) when the average temperature range was 9.1–22.6 °C. Daily basidiospore numbers were positively correlated with minimum daily temperature and total daily rainfall. A distinct diurnal periodicity of release was observed, with numbers peaking on average between 02:00 and 05:00 hrs. The hourly release of basidiospores was positively correlated with relative humidity and negatively correlated with temperature and evaporation. This data was in agreement with the in vitro experimentation, which showed that basidiospore formation occurred between 10–25 ± 1 °C (apparent optimal temperature of 15–20 ± 1 °C) with telia incubated in continuous darkness promoting a greater number of basidiospores. The level of genetic variation of P. boroniae in Western Australia was assessed by PCR-RFLP of the nuclear ribosomal intergenic spacer 2 (IGS2) region. Two RFLP profiles were observed, separating three specimens (Group 1) from the remaining population (Group 2). Sequence analysis indicated that point mutations at endonuclease recognition sites were responsible for the changes in RFLP profile. Group 2 specimens had been collected from the same host species (B. megastigma) and plantation, and it is suggested that the variant specimens may constitute a subspecies of P. boroniae, isolated by geographic location and possibly host (cultivar) specificity. Further analysis, primarily pathogenicity trials, is needed to confirm this. This study has improved our knowledge regarding the rust fungus P. boroniae and has laid strong foundations for future research into several aspects of the biology, epidemiology and population variation. The implications of the key findings of this research, with an emphasis on the management of P. boroniae in commercial situations, are discussed.
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Hacquard, Stéphane. "Contribution à l'étude des déterminants génétiques impliqués dans le processus infectieux de Melampsora larici-populina, l'agent de la rouille foliaire du peuplier." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NAN10112/document.

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La maladie de la rouille foliaire du peuplier, causée par le basidiomycète Melampsora larici-populina (Mlp) cause des dégâts importants dans les peupleraies européennes. Le séquençage du génome de la souche 98AG31 de Mlp a ouvert de nouvelles perspectives pour l'identification de déterminants géniques impliqués dans le processus infectieux du champignon et notamment ceux codant des effecteurs fongiques capables de manipuler la structure et le fonctionnement de la cellule hôte pour assurer le succès de l'infection. L'analyse du transcriptome du champignon au cours des différentes phases du processus infectieux, basée sur l'utilisation de puces à oligonucléotides NimbleGen ou le séquençage massifs d'ESTs, a permis d?identifier des gènes marqueurs de la germination, de la phase de croissance biotrophe et de la sporulation du champignon. Nous avons notamment pu montrer l'induction importante de nombreux gènes codant des petites protéines sécrétées (SSPs) au cours de la phase biotrophe à 96 hpi heures post-inoculation (hpi) ainsi qu'au sein du parenchyme lacuneux à 168 hpi par microdissection à capture laser. L?analyse fine du sécrétome de Mlp, basée sur l'annotation, l'évolution et l'expression des gènes codant des SSPs a permis de mettre à jour des effecteurs candidats. Certains, spécifiquement exprimés in planta ou présentant des homologies de séquence avec des effecteurs de rouilles ont été localisés au niveau de l'haustorium. De manière intéressante, d'autre gènes candidats appartenant à des familles multigéniques sous pression de sélection positive, sont riches en cystéines, spécifiquement exprimés in planta et possèdent un motif de translocation potentiellement impliqué dans l'export de l'effecteur dans la cellule hôte. Ce travail d'analyse fine des effecteurs potentiels d'un agent de rouille à l'échelle génomique va contribuer à l'amélioration des connaissances sur la biologie de ces champignons biotrophes et contribuera à faciliter la recherche de nouvelles méthodes de lutte contre la maladie<br>The leaf rust disease caused by Melampsora larici-populina (Mlp) is the main disease affecting poplar plantations in Europe with severe economic losses. The recent sequencing of the genome of Mlp (strain 98AG31) opens new perspectives to identify key genes involved in the fungal infection process and particularly those encoding fungal effectors that could manipulate host cell structure and function to facilitate host colonization. Analysis of the rust transcriptome during time course infection of poplar leaves, based on NimbleGen oligoarrays and massive EST sequencing led to the identification of genes related to fungal germination, biotrophy and sporulation. A consistant induction of genes encoding small-secreted proteins (SSPs) was observed during the biotrophic growth at 96 hours post-inoculation (hpi) but also at 168 hpi in the palisade mesophyll using laser capture microdissection. Mlp Secretome analysis, based on annotation, evolution and expression of genes encoding SSPs helped in identifying candidate poplar rust effectors. Some, specifically expressed in planta or showing homologies with known rust effectors were localized around the haustorium. Interestingly, other candidate genes, belonging to multigenic families under diversifying selection are cystein-rich, specifically expressed in planta and harbour a translocation signal potentially involved in effector export inside host cell. This genome-wide analysis of putative fungal effectors will contribute to the general knowledge of rust biology and will help to set new approaches to prevent and control the disease
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Sprockett, Daniel David. "The Evolution of Fungal Pectinases in Glycosyl Hydrolase Family 28 and Their Association with Ecological Strategy." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1259688919.

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Pixton, Katherine Louise. "An investigation into C1H1 : a biotrophy-related gene of colletotrichum lindemuthianum." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.289303.

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Scholes, Julie Diane. "The effects of biotrophic pathogens of photosynthesis." Thesis, Bangor University, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.237087.

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Umu, Sinan Ugur. "Mining Fungal Effector Candidates In Biotrophic Plant Pathogens." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614569/index.pdf.

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Biotrophic plant pathogens lead to huge crop losses and they have great economical drawbacks on wheat and barley production. These pathogens rely on formation of haustoria and transfer of effector proteins into the host cells for generating disease. The main role of effector proteins is to disable plant defense mechanisms. Effector proteins contain N-terminal signal peptides and they have little sequence similarity between each other. It is vital to detect as many effector proteins as possible to understand infection and disease formation processes of biotrophic plant pathogens. To this end, sequencing of pathogen genomes are being emerged, the data will be invaluable for identifying the candidate effectors in terms of biological and biochemical roles in infection and more. There are some bioinformatics based methods available that can be utilized to classify and distinguish effectors from other pathogenic genes. It is important to understand how candidate effectors can be searched from Expressed Sequence Tags or transcriptome sequences. Hereby, our attempt is to present a pipeline in establishing a methodology. As a consequence, here we propose new candidate effectors. In plant-pathogen interactions also miRNAs are too proving to be an important factor which cannot be neglected. During disease infection, expression levels of miRNAs are varying which in turn may be a proof of miRNA regulation of pathogen genes. Therefore, cross-kingdom RNA interference may take place between plant and pathogen. We have tested plant pathogens for possible plant miRNA availability and found their most likely targets with in the pathogen genes.
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Gwary, D. M. "Carbohydrate metabolism of barley infected with biotrophic pathogens." Thesis, Bangor University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233205.

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Stanworth, Marie Helen. "Plasma membrane ATPase of Phytophthora cactorum." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284886.

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Djulić, Alma [Verfasser]. "Transformation des obligat biotrophen Rostpilzes Uromyces fabae / Alma Djulić." Konstanz : Bibliothek der Universität Konstanz, 2014. http://d-nb.info/107971975X/34.

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Tetlow, Ian Joseph. "Photosynthetic carbon metabolism in plants infected with biotrophic fungi." Thesis, Bangor University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.293196.

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Books on the topic "Biotroph"

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Pixton, Katherine Louise. An investigation into CIH1: A biotrophy-related gene of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. University of Birmingham, 2002.

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Pain, Naomi Anne. Immunological analysis of infection structures and the biotrophic interface formed in the Collectotrichum: Bean interaction. University of Birmingham, 1994.

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ESCAP-BIOTROP Training Course on Remote Sensing Techniques Applied to Vegetation Studies (1985 Bogor, Indonesia). Remote sensing in vegetation studies: Report of the ESCAP-BIOTROP Training Course on Remote Sensing Techniques Applied to Vegetation Studies. UNDP/ESCAP Regional Remote Sensing Programme, 1985.

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Spanu, Pietro D., and Ralph Panstruga, eds. Biotrophic Plant-Microbe Interactions. Frontiers Media SA, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/978-2-88945-138-8.

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Methanotrophic Bioreactor System: Biotrol, Inc. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, SITE, Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation, 1993.

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Marran, Christine L. Ecology without Culture. University of Minnesota Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5749/minnesota/9781517901585.003.0001.

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This chapter introduces my concept of the “biotrope” to navigate the broader question of why and how the material world has proven to be such an effective medium for representing culture. It then argues that ecocriticism needs to be more skeptical about cultural claims. The chapter then shows how literature, poetry, and film are at their most critical and effective when they are not made to replicate our desire for a world that appears to be made by and for specific human collectives or the anthropos.
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Mellersh, Dennis Graham. Cellular expression of plant resistance and suceptibility to biotrophic fungal pathogens. 2003.

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United States. Environmental Protection Agency., ed. Technology demonstration summary: Biological treatment of wood preserving site groundwater by BioTrol, Inc. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, [1992], 1992.

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Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory (U.S.), Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation Program (U.S.), and Science Applications International Corporation, eds. Biological treatment of wood preserving site groundwater by BioTrol, Inc.: Applications analysis report. Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1991.

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Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory (U.S.), Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation Program (U.S.), and Science Applications International Corporation, eds. Biological treatment of wood preserving site groundwater by BioTrol, Inc.: Applications analysis report. Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Biotroph"

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Geeta and Reema Mishra. "Fungal and Bacterial Biotrophy and Necrotrophy." In Molecular Aspects of Plant-Pathogen Interaction. Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7371-7_2.

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Gregory, Deborah W. "Biotrophic Parasites and Psychopaths." In Unmasking Financial Psychopaths. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137360755_8.

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Horbach, Ralf, and Holger B. Deising. "13 The Biotrophy–Necrotrophy Switch in Fungal Pathogenesis." In Agricultural Applications. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36821-9_13.

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White, J. F., R. F. Sullivan, M. Moy, W. Meyer, and D. Cabral. "Evolution of Epichloë/Neotyphodium Endophytes and Other Clavicipitalean Biotrophs." In Cellular Origin, Life in Extreme Habitats and Astrobiology. Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-48173-1_26.

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Bago, B., and G. Bécard. "Bases of the obligate biotrophy of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi." In Mycorrhizal Technology in Agriculture. Birkhäuser Basel, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8117-3_3.

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Duplessis, Sébastien, Pietro D. Spanu, and Jan Schirawski. "Biotrophic Fungi (Powdery Mildews, Rusts, and Smuts)." In The Ecological Genomics of Fungi. John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118735893.ch7.

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Rouxel, Thierry, and Pierre J. G. M. de Wit. "Dothideomycete Effectors Facilitating Biotrophic and Necrotrophic Lifestyles." In Effectors in Plant-Microbe Interactions. Wiley-Blackwell, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119949138.ch8.

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Gan, Pamela H. P., Peter N. Dodds, and Adrienne R. Hardham. "Plant Infection by Biotrophic Fungal and Oomycete Pathogens." In Signaling and Communication in Plant Symbiosis. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20966-6_8.

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Crusberg, T. C., and S. S. Mark. "Heavy Metal Remediation of Wastewaters by Microbial Biotraps." In Bioremediation. Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9425-7_7.

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Schipper, Kerstin, and Gunther Doehlemann. "Compatibility in Biotrophic Plant–Fungal Interactions: Ustilago maydis and Friends." In Signaling and Communication in Plant Symbiosis. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20966-6_9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Biotroph"

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Fionda, Valeria, and Giuseppe Pirró. "BioTRON." In the 2011 ACM Symposium. ACM Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1982185.1982206.

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Boyarkina, S. V., Yu V. Omelichkina, and T. N. Shafikova. "ESPONSE REACTIONS OF TOBACCO PLANTS ON THE IMPACT OF BIOTROPHIC CLAVIBACTER MICHIGANENSIS AND NECROTHROPHIC PECTOBACTERIUM CAROTOVORUM." In The All-Russian Scientific Conference with International Participation and Schools of Young Scientists "Mechanisms of resistance of plants and microorganisms to unfavorable environmental". SIPPB SB RAS, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31255/978-5-94797-319-8-1195-1198.

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Feodorova-Fedotova, Liga, and Biruta Bankina. "Occurrence of genetic lineages of Puccinia Striiformis in Latvia." In Research for Rural Development 2020. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/rrd.26.2020.004.

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Puccinia striiformis is a biotrophic pathogen able to cause broad scale epidemics in wheat growing regions. P. striiformis is genetically highly variable pathogen. New, aggressive genetic lineages, adapted to warm temperatures have been observed in the last decades worldwide. The study aimed to ascertain the structure of genetic lineages of P. striiformis in Latvia. Forty one wheat leaf samples with yellow rust symptoms were collected in 2017–2019. Fenotyping and genotyping methods were used for identification of genetic lineages in Global Rust Reference Center, Denmark. Assessments of leaf diseases on winter wheat differentials – ‘Ambition’, ‘Mariboss’, ‘Moro’, ‘Compair’, ‘Rendezvous’, ‘Spalding Prolific’ and local variety ’Fredis’ were made during the research. Five genetic lineages of P. striiformis – PstS4, PstS7, PstS10, PstS13 and PstS14 were found. 56% from the samples belonged to PstS14, 17.1% PstS10, 12.2% PstS4 and PstS7, 2.4% PstS13. Genetic lineages identified from Latvian wheat samples are found in the biggest cereal growing regions in Europe and are able to cause epidemics on wheat. Genetic lineages of P. striiformis from Latvian samples have not been identified before. All differential varieties were infected with P. striiformis in 2017, ‘Ambition’ and ‘Moro’ in 2018, no infection was observed on differentials in 2019 despite the presence of P. striiformis on winter wheat variety ‘Fredis’. The identification of genetic lineages of P. striiformis on wheat in Latvia is necessary to continue.
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Kozlowska, Anna-Maria, Steve R. Langford, Manjit S. Kahlon, and Haydn G. Williams. "Enhanced Bioremediation as a Cost Effective Approach Following Thermally Enhanced Soil Vapour Extraction for Sites Requiring Remediation of Chlorinated Solvents." In ASME 2009 12th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2009-16296.

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Thermally enhanced bioremediation can be a more cost-effective alternative to full scale in-situ thermal treatment especially for sites contaminated with chlorinated solvents, where reductive dechlorination is or might be a dominant biological step. The effect of Thermally Enhanced Soil Vapour Extraction (TESVE) on indigenous microbial communities and the potential for subsequent biological polishing of chlorinated solvents was investigated in field trials at the Western Storage Area (WSA) – RSRL (formerly United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority - UKAEA) Oxfordshire, UK. The WSA site had been contaminated with various chemicals including mineral oil, chloroform, trichloroethane (TCA), carbon tetrachloride and tetrachloroethene (PCE). The contamination had affected the unsaturated zone, groundwater in the chalk aquifer and was a continuing source of groundwater contamination below the WSA. During TESVE the target treatment zone was heated to above the boiling point of water increasing the degree of volatilization of contaminants of concern (CoC), which were mobilised and extracted in the vapour phase. A significant reduction of concentrations of chlorinated solvent in the unsaturated zone was achieved by the full-scale application of TESVE – In Situ Thermal Desorption (ISTD) technology. The rock mass temperature within target treatment zone remained in the range of 35°–44° C, 6 months after cessation of heating. The concentration of chlorinated ethenes and other CoC were found to be significantly lower adjacent to the thermal treatment area and 1 to 2 orders of magnitude lower within the thermal treatment zone. Samples were collected within and outside the thermal treatment zone using BioTraps® (passive, in-situ microbial samplers) from which the numbers of specific bacteria were measured using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) methods of analysis. High populations of reductive dechlorinators such as Dechalococcoides spp. and Dehalobacter spp., were found within the zone that was subjected to thermal remediation and moderate levels of Dehalobacter sp were found outside the treatment area. These results confirm dehalogenating bacteria are present within the site and suggest populations have bounced back following thermal treatment. The thermally treated zone showed a greater number of active indigenous bacteria — indicating that the conditions following TESVE treatment selectively promote the growth of desirable bacteria. This might result from elimination of micro-organisms competing for hydrogen as an electron donor, increased biovailability of CoC or a reduction in its inhibiting properties. This paper aims to show the potential for biologically mediated contaminant reduction in assisting thermal remediation projects. During and post active thermal remediation this approach can help reduce total treatment costs by providing an inexpensive final polishing step or by being a complementary process within the perimeter of heated zone and inside hotspots during the cool-down phase.
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Reports on the topic "Biotroph"

1

Hofland-Zijlstra, J. D., S. Breeuwsma, M. Noordam, and L. Stevens. Programmeringsstudie Meeldauw : Invloed van bestaande en nieuwe interventies op geïnduceerde weerbaarheid tegen biotrofe schimmel. Wageningen University & Research, Business unit Glastuinbouw, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/441982.

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