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Journal articles on the topic 'Biphasic stimulation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 12 February 2022

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1

Walsh, Paul L., Jelena Petrovic, and R. Mark Wightman. "Distinguishing splanchnic nerve and chromaffin cell stimulation in mouse adrenal slices with fast-scan cyclic voltammetry." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 300, no. 1 (January 2011): C49—C57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00332.2010.

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Electrical stimulation is an indispensible tool in studying electrically excitable tissues in neurobiology and neuroendocrinology. In this work, the consequences of high-intensity electrical stimulation on the release of catecholamines from adrenal gland slices were examined with fast-scan cyclic voltammetry at carbon fiber microelectrodes. A biphasic signal, consisting of a fast and slow phase, was observed when electrical stimulations typically used in tissue slices (10 Hz, 350 μA biphasic, 2.0 ms/phase pulse width) were applied to bipolar tungsten-stimulating electrodes. This signal was fou

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Hwang, Hyeoncheol, Kyu-Chang Wang, Moon Suk Bang, Hyung-Ik Shin, Seung-Ki Kim, Ji Hoon Phi, Ji Yeoun Lee, Jinwoo Choi, Seungwoo Cha, and Keewon Kim. "Optimal stimulation parameters for intraoperative bulbocavernosus reflex in infants." Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 20, no. 5 (November 2017): 464–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2017.6.peds16664.

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OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to establish optimal electric stimulation parameters for intraoperatively monitoring the bulbocavernosus reflexes (BCRs) in infants.METHODSThe authors retrospectively reviewed the medical records of all infants (age < 24 months) who had undergone an untethering operation for tethered cord syndrome between May 2013 and February 2014 at a single institution and whose baseline BCR had been elicited during surgery. Using different combinations of stimulation parameters—number of stimulation pulses: 4 or 8 pulses, interpulse interval: 1, 2, or 5 msec, and polar

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Ward, Tyler, Neil Grabham, Chris Freeman, Yang Wei, Ann-Marie Hughes, Conor Power, John Tudor, and Kai Yang. "Multichannel Biphasic Muscle Stimulation System for Post Stroke Rehabilitation." Electronics 9, no. 7 (July 17, 2020): 1156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9071156.

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We present biphasic stimulator electronics developed for a wearable functional electrical stimulation system. The reported stimulator electronics consist of a twenty four channel biphasic stimulator. The stimulator circuitry is physically smaller per channel and offers a greater degree of control over stimulation parameters than existing functional electrical stimulator systems. The design achieves this by using, off the shelf multichannel high voltage switch integrated circuits combined with discrete current limiting and dc blocking circuitry for the frontend, and field programmable gate arra

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Lee, Chae-Eun, Younginha Jung, and Yoon-Kyu Song. "8-Channel Biphasic Current Stimulator Optimized for Retinal Prostheses." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 21, no. 8 (August 1, 2021): 4298–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2021.19405.

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Retinal prostheses substitute the functionality of damaged photoreceptors by electrically stimulating retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). RGCs, densely packed in a small region, needs a high spatial resolution of the microelectrode, which in turn raises its impedance. Therefore, the high output impedance circuit and the high compliance output voltage are the key characteristics of the current-source-based stimulator. Also, as the system is intended to implant in the retina, the stimulation parameter should be optimized for efficiency and safety. Here we designed 8-channel neural stimulator customiz

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5

Nilsson, Jan, John Ravits, and Mark Hallett. "Stimulus artifact compensation using biphasic stimulation." Muscle & Nerve 11, no. 6 (June 1988): 597–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mus.880110612.

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Arfin, Scott K., Michael A. Long, Michale S. Fee, and Rahul Sarpeshkar. "Wireless Neural Stimulation in Freely Behaving Small Animals." Journal of Neurophysiology 102, no. 1 (July 2009): 598–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00017.2009.

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We introduce a novel wireless, low-power neural stimulation system for use in freely behaving animals. The system consists of an external transmitter and a miniature, implantable wireless receiver–stimulator. The implant uses a custom integrated chip to deliver biphasic current pulses to four addressable bipolar electrodes at 32 selectable current levels (10 μA to 1 mA). To achieve maximal battery life, the chip enters a sleep mode when not needed and can be awakened remotely when required. To test our device, we implanted bipolar stimulating electrodes into the songbird motor nucleus HVC (for

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7

Aiello, Orazio. "On the DC Offset Current Generated during Biphasic Stimulation: Experimental Study." Electronics 9, no. 8 (July 25, 2020): 1198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9081198.

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This paper deals with the DC offset currents generated by a platinum electrode matrix during biphasic stimulation. A fully automated test bench evaluates the nanoampere range DC offset currents in a realistic and comprehensive scenario by using platinum electrodes in a saline solution as a load for the stimulator. Measurements are performed on different stimulation patterns for single or dual hexagonal stimulation sites operating simultaneously and alternately. The effectiveness of the return electrode presence in reducing the DC offset current is considered. Experimental results show how for

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Kolbl, Florian, Yannick Bornat, Jonathan Castelli, Louis Regnacq, Gilles N’Kaoua, Sylvie Renaud, and Noëlle Lewis. "IC-Based Neuro-Stimulation Environment for Arbitrary Waveform Generation." Electronics 10, no. 15 (August 3, 2021): 1867. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10151867.

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Electrical stimulation of the nervous system is commonly based on biphasic stimulation waveforms, which limits its relevance for some applications, such as selective stimulation. We propose in this paper a stimulator capable of delivering arbitrary waveforms to electrodes, and suitable for non-conventional stimulation strategies. Such a system enables in vivo stimulation protocols with optimized efficacy or energy efficiency. The designed system comprises a High Voltage CMOS ASIC generating a configurable stimulating current, driven by a digital circuitry implemented on a FPGA. After fabricati

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Woods, A. J., and M. J. Stock. "Biphasic brown fat temperature responses to hypothalamic stimulation in rats." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 266, no. 2 (February 1, 1994): R328—R337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1994.266.2.r328.

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Low-level electrical stimulation (monophasic square-wave pulses: 15 Hz, 7.0 microA, 0.5 ms) of the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) in anesthetized rats produced a decrease (phase 1) in interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) temperature that was sustained for as long as the stimulus was applied (2-45 min). A rise in IBAT temperature (phase 2) occurred only after the stimulation had stopped. VMH stimulations ipsilateral and contralateral to a lateral hypothalamic (LH) lesion indicated that the phase 1 response required an intact LH, and denervation of IBAT showed that both phases required an

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Field-Fote, Edelle C., Brent Anderson, Valma J. Robertson, and Neil I. Spielholz. "Monophasic and biphasic stimulation evoke different responses." Muscle & Nerve 28, no. 2 (July 14, 2003): 239–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mus.10414.

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Scheiner, Avram, J. Thomas Mortimer, and Uros Roessmann. "Imbalanced biphasic electrical stimulation: Muscle tissue damage." Annals of Biomedical Engineering 18, no. 4 (July 1990): 407–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02364157.

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12

Zhuo, M., and G. F. Gebhart. "Biphasic Modulation of Spinal Nociceptive Transmission From the Medullary Raphe Nuclei in the Rat." Journal of Neurophysiology 78, no. 2 (August 1, 1997): 746–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1997.78.2.746.

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Zhuo, M. and G. F. Gebhart. Biphasic modulation of spinal nociceptive transmission from the medullary raphe nuclei in the rat. J. Neurophysiol. 78: 746–758, 1997. The modulatory effects of electrical and chemical (glutamate) stimulation in the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) on spinal nociceptive transmission and a spinal nociceptive reflex were studied in rats. Electrical stimulation at a total 86 sites in the RVM in the medial raphe nuclei ( n = 54) and adjacent gigantocellular areas ( n = 32) produced biphasic (facilitatory and inhibitory, n = 43) or only inhibitory ( n = 43) modulation

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Zorko, B., J. Rozman, and A. Seliškar. "INFLUENCE OF ELECTRICAL STIMULATION ON Regeneration of the radial nerve in dogS." Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 48, no. 1 (February 1, 2000): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/avet.48.2000.1.11.

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The effects of biphasic electric fields on nerve regeneration that follows injury to the left radial nerve were studied in dogs by electromyography (EMG). Left and right radial nerves were crushed with a serrated haemostat. Stimulating electrodes were positioned proximally and distally to the site of the injury. The left nerves received rectangular, biphasic and current pulses (30 µA, 0.5 Hz) through the injury for two months. The right radial nerves were treated as controls and regenerated without electrical stimulation. EMG activities were recorded intramuscularly from the left and right mus

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Woodcock, Alan H., Paul N. Taylor, and David J. Ewins. "Long Pulse Biphasic Electrical Stimulation of Denervated Muscle." Artificial Organs 23, no. 5 (May 1999): 457–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1594.1999.06366.x.

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15

Arifianto, Deny. "Functional Electrical Stimulation dengan Pulsa Biphasic Untuk Membantu Fungsi Ekstremitas Atas Pasien Pasca Stroke." Jurnal Biosains Pascasarjana 23, no. 1 (June 10, 2021): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jbp.v23i1.2021.40-48.

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Abstract Stroke or nerve function disorders caused by disruption of blood flow to the brain that arises suddenly or quickly with symptoms or signs that correspond to the affected area. One of the post-stroke rehabilitation using electrical stimulation, also known as an electro stimulator. This study aims to design Functional electrical stimulation (FES), which aims to stimulate the peripheral nervous system with biphasic pulses. Stimulation for patients with MMT 1 was optimal at a frequency of 22-30 Hz. In post-stroke patients with MMT inclusion characteristics 0-3, a minimum voltage, frequenc

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Yang, Guangning, Zhiying Xiao, Jicheng Wang, Bing Shen, James R. Roppolo, William C. de Groat, and Changfeng Tai. "Post-stimulation block of frog sciatic nerve by high-frequency (kHz) biphasic stimulation." Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing 55, no. 4 (July 1, 2016): 585–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11517-016-1539-0.

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Rubinstein, J. T., C. A. Miller, H. Mino, and P. J. Abbas. "Analysis of monophasic and biphasic electrical stimulation of nerve." IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 48, no. 10 (2001): 1065–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/10.951508.

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McLeod, K. J., D. F. Lovely, and R. N. Scott. "A biphasic pulse burst generator for afferent nerve stimulation." Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing 25, no. 1 (January 1987): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02442825.

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Zhang, Haosu, Petro Julkunen, Axel Schröder, Anna Kelm, Sebastian Ille, Claus Zimmer, Minna Pitkänen, Bernhard Meyer, Sandro M. Krieg, and Nico Sollmann. "Short-Interval Intracortical Facilitation Improves Efficacy in nTMS Motor Mapping of Lower Extremity Muscle Representations in Patients with Supra-Tentorial Brain Tumors." Cancers 12, no. 11 (November 2, 2020): 3233. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12113233.

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Navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) is increasingly used for mapping of motor function prior to surgery in patients harboring motor-eloquent brain lesions. To date, single-pulse nTMS (sp-nTMS) has been predominantly used for this purpose, but novel paired-pulse nTMS (pp-nTMS) with biphasic pulse application has been made available recently. The purpose of this study was to systematically evaluate pp-nTMS with biphasic pulses in comparison to conventionally used sp-nTMS for preoperative motor mapping of lower extremity (lE) muscle representations. Thirty-nine patients (mean age:

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Richardson, S., S. Twente, and T. Audhya. "GHRF causes biphasic stimulation of SRIF secretion from rat hypothalamic cells." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 255, no. 6 (December 1, 1988): E829—E832. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1988.255.6.e829.

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The complex interactions of the hypothalamic releasing peptides somatostatin (SRIF) and growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone (GHRF), which regulate GH secretion, are still incompletely understood. To further scrutinize these interactions, we have studied the effects of GHRF on SRIF secretion from dispersed adult rat hypothalamic cells. Rat GHRF caused calcium- and dose-dependent stimulation of SRIF release in static 1-h incubations. SRIF release was stimulated by GHRF in a concentration range of 1-100 nM. However, the extended dose-response curve was biphasic in nature, with a significantly l

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Julkunen, Petro, Gustaf Järnefelt, Petri Savolainen, Jarmo Laine, and Jari Karhu. "Facilitatory effect of paired-pulse stimulation by transcranial magnetic stimulation with biphasic wave-form." Medical Engineering & Physics 38, no. 8 (August 2016): 813–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.medengphy.2016.04.025.

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Jones, J. L., R. E. Jones, and G. Balasky. "Improved cardiac cell excitation with symmetrical biphasic defibrillator waveforms." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 253, no. 6 (December 1, 1987): H1418—H1424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1987.253.6.h1418.

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According to the most commonly accepted hypothesis, ventricular defibrillation is produced by exciting cells in a critical mass of the ventricle. For monophasic defibrillator waveforms, this hypothesis correctly predicts a direct correlation between defibrillation threshold in the transthoracic calf model and excitation threshold for extracellular field stimulation in the cultured cell model. To further test the hypothesis, we determined whether symmetrical biphasic waveforms, which reduce defibrillation threshold in the calf to approximately 65% of that of the corresponding monophasic wavefor

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Laufer, Yocheved, Julie Deanne Ries, Peter M. Leininger, and Gad Alon. "Quadriceps Femoris Muscle Torques and Fatigue Generated by Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation With Three Different Waveforms." Physical Therapy 81, no. 7 (July 1, 2001): 1307–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ptj/81.7.1307.

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Abstract Background and Purpose. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation is used by physical therapists to improve muscle performance. Optimal forms of stimulation settings are yet to be determined, as are possible sex-related differences in responsiveness to electrical stimulation. The objectives of the study were: (1) to compare the ability of 3 different waveforms to generate isometric contractions of the quadriceps femoris muscles of individuals without known impairments, (2) to compare muscle fatigue caused by repeated contractions induced by these same waveforms, and (3) to examine the effe

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Gauthier, Pierre. "Adrenomedullary pressor responses to stimulation of the rostral hypothalamus in the rat: influence of adrenaline-induced vasodilation and reflex cardioinhibition." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 66, no. 2 (February 1, 1988): 213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y88-037.

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Electrical stimulation (100 Hz, 1 ms, 150 μA, 10 s) of the anterior hypothalamus in chloralose-anesthetized rats evoked a biphasic pressor response consisting of an initial sharp rise in arterial pressure at the onset of stimulation, followed by a second elevation after cessation of the stimulus. This response was accompanied by an increase in plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline levels. Peripheral sympathectomy with guanethidine selectively abolished the primary phase of the biphasic pressor response, while bilateral removal of the adrenal medulla eliminated only the secondary component. After

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Constandinou, Timothy G., Julius Georgiou, and Christofer Toumazou. "A Partial-Current-Steering Biphasic Stimulation Driver for Vestibular Prostheses." IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems 2, no. 2 (June 2008): 106–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2008.927238.

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Florini, J. R., D. Z. Ewton, S. L. Falen, and J. J. Van Wyk. "Biphasic concentration dependency of stimulation of myoblast differentiation by somatomedins." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 250, no. 5 (May 1, 1986): C771—C778. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1986.250.5.c771.

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It is widely believed that mitogens inhibit in vitro differentiation of myoblasts to form postmitotic myotubes, but we and others have shown that the mitogenic hormones insulin and the insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) stimulate myoblast differentiation. We now report the results of concentration-dependency studies that resolve this disagreement. We found that the IGFs give a biphasic dose-response curve; at low concentrations, there is progressive stimulation of L6 myoblast differentiation; at higher concentrations, there is a progressive decrease. Similar results were obtained with IGF-II a

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Tai, Changfeng, Qiang Shen, and Dazong Jiang. "Selective stimulation of smaller nerve fibers using biphasic rectangular pulses." Frontiers of Medical and Biological Engineering 10, no. 4 (2000): 319–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156855700750265486.

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KAVANAGH, K. M., H. J. DUFF, R. CLARK, K. V. ROBINSON, W. R. GILES, and D. G. WYSE. "Monophasic Versus Biphasic Cardiac Stimulation: Mechanism of Decreased Energy Requirements." Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology 13, no. 10 (October 1990): 1268–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8159.1990.tb02026.x.

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Delvendahl, I., N. Gattinger, T. Berger, B. Gleich, H. Siebner, and V. Mall. "P 231. A physiological characterization of biphasic transcranial magnetic stimulation." Clinical Neurophysiology 124, no. 10 (October 2013): e176-e177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2013.04.308.

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Hayashi, Naoyuki. "Exercise pressor reflex in decerebrate and anesthetized rats." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 284, no. 6 (June 1, 2003): H2026—H2033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00400.2002.

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I investigated whether muscular contraction evokes cardiorespiratory increases (exercise pressor reflex) in α-chloralose- and chloral hydrate-anesthetized and precollicular, midcollicular, and postcollicular decerebrated rats. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and minute ventilation (V˙e) were recorded before and during 1-min sciatic nerve stimulation, which induced static contraction of the triceps surae muscles, and during 1-min stretch of the calcaneal tendon, which selectively stimulated mechanosensitive receptors in the muscles. Anesthetized rats showed various patterns of MA

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Holcomb, William R., Shahin Golestani, and Shante Hill. "A Comparison of Knee-Extension Torque Production with Biphasic versus Russian Current." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 9, no. 3 (August 2000): 229–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.9.3.229.

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Context:Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) can be used to prevent the atrophy and strength loss associated with immobilization.Objective:To compare the effects of biphasic current and the modulated “Russian” current on muscular torque production during different contraction conditions.Design, Setting, and Participants:In a within-subjects design, 10 healthy subjects in an athletic training laboratory received NMES.Interventions:Isometric knee-extension torque was recorded with the Biodex™ under 4 conditions: maximum voluntary contraction (MVC; control), MVC superimposed with low-inten

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Araújo, Tiago, Rui Candeias, Neuza Nunes, and Hugo Gamboa. "Evaluation of Motor Neuron Excitability by CMAP Scanning with Electric Modulated Current." Neuroscience Journal 2015 (August 27, 2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/360648.

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Introduction. Compound Muscle Action Potential (CMAP) scan is a noninvasive promissory technique for neurodegenerative pathologies diagnosis. In this work new CMAP scan protocols were implemented to study the influence of electrical pulse waveform on peripheral nerve excitability. Methods. A total of 13 healthy subjects were tested. Stimulation was performed with an increasing intensities range from 4 to 30 mA. The procedure was repeated 4 times per subject, using a different single pulse stimulation waveform: monophasic square and triangular and quadratic and biphasic square. Results. Differe

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Katsidoni, Vicky, Andreas Kastellakis та George Panagis. "Biphasic effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol on brain stimulation reward and motor activity". International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology 16, № 10 (1 листопада 2013): 2273–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1461145713000709.

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Abstract Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), the main psychoactive ingredient of marijuana, has led to equivocal results when tested with the intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) procedure or the open-field test for motor activity, two behavioural models for evaluating the reward-facilitating and locomotor stimulating effects of drugs of abuse, respectively. Therefore, in the present study, the effects of high and low doses of Δ9-THC were compared in the ICSS procedure and the open-field test. Moreover, the involvement of CB1 receptors in tentative Δ9-THC-induced effects was investigated by pre-

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Lianggang Hu, Xiaomei Xu, Yongsheng Gong, Xiaofang Fan, Liangxing Wang, Jianhua Zhang, and Yanjun Zeng. "Percutaneous Biphasic Electrical Stimulation for Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome." IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 55, no. 1 (January 2008): 181–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2007.897836.

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Siegel, David, Serapio M. Baca, David C. Thompson, Molly M. Huntsman, Morton M. Mower, and David Ross. "The effect of anodal/cathodal biphasic electrical stimulation on insulin release." Journal of Cellular Physiology 234, no. 9 (February 11, 2019): 16389–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.28307.

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Arai, Noritoshi, Shingo Okabe, Takashi Ohnishi, Hitoshi Mochizuki, and Yoshikazu Ugawa. "Differences between 3 Hz monophasic and biphasic repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation." International Congress Series 1278 (March 2005): 295–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ics.2004.11.143.

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Jones, J. L., and K. B. Milne. "Dysfunction and safety factor strength-duration curves for biphasic defibrillator waveforms." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 266, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): H263—H271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1994.266.1.h263.

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Newly developed biphasic waveforms significantly lower defibrillation threshold in animal and clinical models. However, underlying mechanisms and optimum waveform shape are unknown. Defibrillation shocks produce dysfunction; safety factor, the ratio of shock intensity inducing dysfunction to that producing stimulation of partially refractory cells, is an important parameter for defibrillator waveforms. We determined dysfunction and safety factor strength-duration curves for symmetric and asymmetric (50% undershoot) monophasic and biphasic rectangular (0%-tilt) waveforms. Dysfunction threshold,

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Escoubet, B., M. C. Garestier, G. Cherqui, and C. Amiel. "PKC and Pi deprivation modulate differently the ubiquitous Na-dependent Pi uptake in MDCK cells." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 260, no. 2 (February 1, 1991): F235—F242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1991.260.2.f235.

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The role of protein kinase C (PKC) in the modulation of the ubiquitous sodium-dependent phosphate transport and in adaptation of that transport to phosphate deprivation was investigated in MDCK cells. Phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) had a biphasic effect on sodium-dependent phosphate uptake characterized by early inhibition (-25% at 1 h) followed by late stimulation (2.3-fold at 15 h). Late stimulation was related to a decreased apparent affinity (Km) with unchanged maximal velocity (Vmax). The 15-h stimulation of phosphate uptake was also induced by an initial 1-h PMA treatment followed by a

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Zhuo, M., J. N. Sengupta, and G. F. Gebhart. "Biphasic Modulation of Spinal Visceral Nociceptive Transmission From the Rostroventral Medial Medulla in the Rat." Journal of Neurophysiology 87, no. 5 (May 1, 2002): 2225–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2002.87.5.2225.

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Descending inhibitory and facilitatory influences from the rostroventral medulla (RVM) on responses of lumbosacral spinal neurons to noxious colorectal distension (CRD, 80 mmHg, 20 s) were studied. At 25 sites in the RVM, electrical stimulation produced biphasic effects, facilitating responses of spinal neurons to CRD at lesser intensities of stimulation (5–25 μA) and inhibiting responses of the same neurons at greater intensities of stimulation (50–100 μA). At 38 other sites in the RVM, electrical stimulation produced only intensity-dependent inhibition of neuron responses to CRD. At another

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Nikolski, Vladimir P., Aleksandre T. Sambelashvili, and Igor R. Efimov. "Mechanisms of make and break excitation revisited: paradoxical break excitation during diastolic stimulation." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 282, no. 2 (February 1, 2002): H565—H575. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00544.2001.

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10.1152/ajpheart.00544.2001. Onset and termination of electric stimulation may result in “make” and “break” excitation of the heart tissue. Wikswo et al. (30) explained both types of stimulations by virtual electrode polarization. Make excitation propagates from depolarized regions (virtual cathodes). Break excitation propagates from hyperpolarized regions (virtual anodes). However, these studies were limited to strong stimulus intensities. We examined excitation during weak near-threshold diastolic stimulation. We optically mapped electrical activity from a 4 × 4-mm area of epicardium of Lang

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Petrossians, Artin, Navya Davuluri, John J. Whalen, Florian Mansfeld, and James D. Weiland. "Improved Biphasic Pulsing Power Efficiency with Pt-Ir Coated Microelectrodes." MRS Proceedings 1621 (2014): 249–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2014.267.

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ABSTRACTNeuromodulation devices such as deep brain stimulators (DBS), spinal cord stimulators (SCS) and cochlear implants (CIs) use electrodes in contact with tissue to deliver electrical pulses to targeted cells. In general, the neuromodulation industry has been evolving towards smaller, less invasive devices. Improving power efficiency of these devices can reduce battery storage requirements. Neuromodulation devices can realize significant power savings if the impedance to charge transfer at the electrode-tissue interface can be reduced. High electrochemical impedance at the surface of stimu

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Guzman, Jorge A., Ariosto E. Rosado, and James A. Kruse. "Dopamine-1 receptor stimulation impairs intestinal oxygen utilization during critical hypoperfusion." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 284, no. 2 (February 1, 2003): H668—H675. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00636.2002.

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Effects of a dopamine-1 (DA-1) receptor agonist on systemic and intestinal oxygen delivery (D˙o 2)-uptake relationships were studied in anesthetized dogs during sequential hemorrhage. Control ( group 1) and experimental animals ( group 2) were treated similarly except for the addition of fenoldopam (1.0 μg · kg−1 · min−1) in group 2. Both groups had comparable systemic criticalD˙o 2(D˙o 2crit), but animals in group 2 had a higher gut D˙o 2crit(1.12 ± 1.13 vs. 0.80 ± 0.09 ml · kg−1 · min−1, P < 0.05). At the mucosal level, a clear biphasic delivery-uptake relationship was not observed in gro

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Nagykaldi, Zsolt, David Kem, Ralph Lazzara та Bela Szabo. "Conditioning of β1-adrenoceptor effect via β2-subtype on L-type Ca2+ current in canine ventricular myocytes". American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 279, № 3 (1 вересня 2000): H1329—H1337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.2000.279.3.h1329.

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We investigated the roles of β1- and β2-receptors (β-AR) in adrenergic enhancement of L-type Ca2+ current ( I CaL) in canine ventricular myocytes. Isoproterenol and l-norepinephrine produced a monophasic and a biphasic concentration- I CaL relationship (CR), respectively. α1-AR inhibition with prazosin and β2-AR stimulation with zinterol or l-epinephrine shifted the CR of l-norepinephrine leftward. Zinterol (50 nM) and l-epinephrine (10 nM), but not prazosin, altered the biphasic CR of l-norepinephrine to a monophasic CR. Zinterol and l-epinephrine applied after l-norepinephrine had no effect

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Arshavsky, Y. I., T. G. Deliagina, I. L. Okshtein, G. N. Orlovsky, Y. V. Panchin, and L. B. Popova. "Defense reaction in the pond snail Planorbis corneus. I. Activity of the shell-moving and respiratory systems." Journal of Neurophysiology 71, no. 3 (March 1, 1994): 882–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1994.71.3.882.

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1. In the intact pond snail Planorbis corneus, tactile or electrical stimulation of the skin evoked a biphasic general defense reaction. A weak stimulation evoked only the first phase of the reaction, represented as a fast pulling of the shell towards the head. With stronger stimulation, this phase was followed by the second phase that was comprised of three components: detachment from the substrate, slow retraction of the body into the shell, and letting out of air from the lung through the pneumostome. 2. About 70 motor neurons (MNs) of the columellar muscle have been revealed in different g

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Shan, Yi-Chia, Wei Fang, Yang-Chyuan Chang, Wen-Dien Chang, and Jih-Huah Wu. "Effect of Near-Infrared Pulsed Light on the Human Brain Using Electroencephalography." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2021 (March 5, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6693916.

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In our previous study, the low-level laser (LLL) stimulation at the palm with a stimulation frequency of 10 Hz was able to induce significant brain activation in normal subjects. The electroencephalography (EEG) changes caused by the stimulation of light-emitting diode (LED) in normal subjects have not been investigated. This study aimed at identifying the effects of LED stimulation on the human brain using EEG analysis. Moreover, the dosage has been raised 4 times than that in the previous LLL study. The LED array stimulator (6 pcs LEDs, central wavelength 850 nm, output power 30 mW, and oper

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Segal, Joseph. "Biphasic stimulation of cellular calcium concentration by 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine in rat thymocytes." Biochemistry 27, no. 7 (April 5, 1988): 2586–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00407a047.

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Tanaka, Seigo, Ryo Saito, Kenji Honda, Kouichi Handa, Yukio Takano, and Hiro-o. Kamiya. "Electrical field stimulation causes biphasic relaxation in precontracted mesenteric arteries of rats." Japanese Journal of Pharmacology 73 (1997): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-5198(19)45173-1.

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Swartz, John, Janice L. Jones, and Ross Fletcher. "Symmetrical biphasic defibrillator waveforms enhance refractory period stimulation in the human heart." Journal of the American College of Cardiology 17, no. 2 (February 1991): A335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0735-1097(91)92305-6.

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de Balthasar, C., C. Boëx, G. Cosendai, G. Valentini, A. Sigrist, and M. Pelizzone. "Channel interactions with high-rate biphasic electrical stimulation in cochlear implant subjects." Hearing Research 182, no. 1-2 (August 2003): 77–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-5955(03)00174-6.

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Shen, Na, Qiong Liang, Yuehong Liu, Bin Lai, Wen Li, Zhengmin Wang, and Shufeng Li. "Charge-balanced biphasic electrical stimulation inhibits neurite extension of spiral ganglion neurons." Neuroscience Letters 624 (June 2016): 92–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2016.04.069.

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