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Journal articles on the topic 'Biplanar X-Ray'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 February 2022

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1

Sedrak, Mark, Eric Sabelman, Patrick Pezeshkian, John Duncan, Ivan Bernstein, Diana Bruce, Victor Tse, et al. "Biplanar X-Ray Methods for Stereotactic Intraoperative Localization in Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery." Operative Neurosurgery 19, no. 3 (December 20, 2019): 302–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ons/opz397.

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Abstract BACKGROUND Efficacy in deep brain stimulation (DBS) is dependent on precise positioning of electrodes within the brain. Intraoperative fluoroscopy, computed tomography (CT), or magnetic resonance imaging are used for stereotactic intraoperative localization (StIL), but the utility of biplanar X-ray has not been evaluated in detail. OBJECTIVE To determine if analysis of orthogonal biplanar X-rays using graphical analysis (GA), ray tracing (RT), and/or perspective projection (PP) can be utilized for StIL. METHODS A review of electrode tip positions comparing postoperative CT to X-ray methods was performed for DBS operations containing orthogonal biplanar X-ray with referential spheres and pins. RESULTS Euclidean (Re) errors for final DBS electrode position on intraoperative X-rays vs postoperative CT using GA, RT, and PP methods averaged 1.58 mm (±0.75), 0.74 mm (±0.45), and 1.07 mm (±0.64), respectively (n = 56). GA was more accurate with a ventriculogram. RT and PP predicted positions that correlated with third ventricular structures on ventriculogram cases. RT was the most stable but required knowledge of the geometric setup. PP was more flexible than RT but required well-distributed reference points. A single case using the O-arm demonstrated Re errors of 0.43 mm and 0.28 mm for RT and PP, respectively. In addition, these techniques could also be used to calculate directional electrode rotation. CONCLUSION GA, RT, and PP can be employed for precise StIL during DBS using orthogonal biplanar X-ray. These methods may be generalized to other stereotactic procedures or instances of biplanar imaging such as angiograms, radiosurgery, or injection therapeutics.

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2

Vanaclocha-Vanaclocha, Vicente, Francisco Verdú-López, Nieves Sáiz-Sapena, Juan Manuel Herrera, and Marlon Rivera-Paz. "Biplanar x-ray fluoroscopy for sacroiliac joint fusion." Neurosurgical Focus 41, videosuppl1 (July 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2016.2.focusvid.1687.

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Chronic pain originating from the sacroiliac joint (SI) can cause severe dysfunction. Although many patients respond to conservative management with NSAIDs, some do need further treatment in the form of SI joint fusion (SIJF). To achieve safe and successful SIJF, intraoperative x-ray fluoroscopy is mandatory to avoid serious damages to nearby vascular and neural structures. Each step of the procedure has to be confirmed by anteroposterior (AP) and lateral projections. With a single-arm x-ray, the arch has to be moved back and forth for the AP and lateral projections, and this lengthens the procedure. To achieve the same results in less time, the authors introduced simultaneous biplanar fluoroscopy with 2 x-ray arches. After the patient is positioned prone with the legs spread apart in the so-called Da Vinci position, one x-ray arch for the lateral projection is placed at a right angle to the patient, and a second x-ray machine is placed with its arch between the legs of the patient. This allows simultaneous AP and lateral x-ray projections and, in the authors' hands, markedly speeds up the procedure. Biplanar fluoroscopy allows excellent AP and lateral projections to be made quickly at any time during the surgical procedure. This is particularly useful in cases of bilateral SI joint fusion if both sides are done at the same time.The video can be found here: https://youtu.be/TX5gz8c765M.

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Rai, V. N., M. Shukla, and H. C. Pant. "An x-ray biplanar photodiode and the x-ray emission from magnetically confined laser produced plasma." Pramana 52, no. 1 (January 1999): 49–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02827601.

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4

Melhem, Elias, Ayman Assi, Rami El Rachkidi, and Ismat Ghanem. "EOS® biplanar X-ray imaging: concept, developments, benefits, and limitations." Journal of Children's Orthopaedics 10, no. 1 (February 2016): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11832-016-0713-0.

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5

Andellini, Martina, Francesco Faggiano, Roxana di Mauro, Pietro Derrico, and Matteo Ritrovato. "OP45 HTA Of A Pediatric Biplanar Low-Dose X-Ray Imaging System." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 34, S1 (2018): 17–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462318000983.

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Introduction:Patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis frequently receive X-ray imaging at diagnosis and subsequent follow monitoring. To achieve the ALARA concept of radiation dose, a biplanar low-dose X-ray system (BLDS) has been proposed. The aim of the study is to gather evidence on safety, accuracy and overall effectiveness of a BLDS compared with CT scanning, in a pediatric population, in order to support the final decision on possible acquisition of such innovative diagnostic system.Methods:The new method Decision-oriented HTA (DoHTA) was applied to carefully assess the diagnostic technology. It was developed starting from the EUnetHTA Core Model® integrated with the analytic hierarchy process in order to identify all the relevant assessment aspects of the technology involved, identified from scientific literature, experts’ judgments and specific context analysis of Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital. A weight was associated to each assessment element and the alternatives’ ranking was defined.Results:This innovative system provides orthopedic images in standing or sitting position, being able to examine the spine and lower limbs under normal weight-bearing conditions. This system is recommended for particular clinical indications as scoliosis and other congenital deformities of the spine. It is able to acquire simultaneous posteroanterior and lateral images in a single scan without vertical distortion and with lower radiation exposure than CT scanning. 2D images acquired can be combined to obtain a 3D reconstruction scanning based on a semi-automated statistical model.Conclusions:The major advantages of BLDS are the relatively low dose of radiation and the possibility of obtaining a 3D reconstruction of the bones. Our preliminary results show that data on the clinical effectiveness are limited but the technical advancements of BLDS appear promising in terms of patient management and patient health outcomes associated with its use.

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6

Armentrout, C. J., J. B. Geddes, Ping Lee, and L. R. Canfield. "UV to soft‐x‐ray surveys using a compact, biplanar diode array." Review of Scientific Instruments 59, no. 8 (August 1988): 1843–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1140077.

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7

Jahss, Melvin H., Allen I. Troy, and Frederick Kummer. "Roentgenographic and Mathematical Analysis of First Metatarsal Osteotomies for Metatarsus Primus Varus: A Comparative Study." Foot & Ankle 5, no. 6 (June 1985): 280–321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107110078500500602.

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The operative effectiveness of five different first metatarsal osteotomies for nonarthritic hallux valgus and metatarsus primus varus were objectively evaluated roentgenographically. The series consisted of 120 feet (75 patients) seen over a 5-year period. The osteotomies were biplanar neck, Chevron, biplanar basilar, basilar concentric, and basilar concentric combined with a lateral closing wedge. All the osteotomies except for the Chevron had varying degrees of plantar displacement of the distal fragment and crossed Kirschner wire fixation. The operative techniques and failures are discussed. Special x-ray studies confirmed misleading pseudocorrections caused by bandage compression and intraoperative and early postoperative roentgenographic distortion. The Chevron gave the least correction, 2°, and did not permit plantar displacement to obviate late metatarsal transfer lesions. The biplanar neck osteotomies were technically the simplest, giving 86% satisfactory corrections, averaging 4.3°. The biplanar basilar osteotomies yielded the most erratic results. The poor results were due to medial tilt during fixation, thereby negating any correction. The technical difficulties with the basilar concentric osteotomy were overcome by the addition of a small lateral closing wedge. This procedure gave by far the most consistently good results with corrections of up to 12°, averaging 7.9°.

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Amzallag-Bellenger, Elisa, Fabian Uyttenhove, Éric Nectoux, Antoine Moraux, Julien Bigot, Bernard Herbaux, and Nathalie Boutry. "Idiopathic scoliosis in children and adolescents: assessment with a biplanar X-ray device." Insights into Imaging 5, no. 5 (September 13, 2014): 571–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13244-014-0354-0.

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Goodbody, Christine, Paz Kedem, Michaela Thompson, Huong T. Do, Douglas N. Mintz, Roger F. Widmann, and Emily R. Dodwell. "Reliability and Reproducibility of Subject Positioning with EOS Low-Dose Biplanar X-ray." HSS Journal ® 13, no. 3 (March 1, 2017): 263–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11420-017-9548-6.

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10

Hatala, Kevin G., David A. Perry, and Stephen M. Gatesy. "A biplanar X-ray approach for studying the 3D dynamics of human track formation." Journal of Human Evolution 121 (August 2018): 104–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.03.006.

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Kadoury, Samuel, Farida Cheriet, Jean Dansereau, and Hubert Labelle. "Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of the Scoliotic Spine and Pelvis From Uncalibrated Biplanar x-Ray Images." Journal of Spinal Disorders & Techniques 20, no. 2 (April 2007): 160–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.bsd.0000211259.28497.b8.

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12

Illés, Tamás, and Szabolcs Somoskeöy. "Principles of the EOS™ X-ray machine and its use in daily orthopedic practice." Orvosi Hetilap 153, no. 8 (February 2012): 289–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/oh.2012.29312.

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The EOS™ X-ray machine, based on a Nobel prize-winning invention in Physics in the field of particle detection, is capable of simultaneously capturing biplanar X-ray images by slot scanning of the whole body in an upright, physiological load-bearing position, using ultra low radiation doses. The simultaneous capture of spatially calibrated anterioposterior and lateral images allows the performance of a three-dimensional (3D) surface reconstruction of the skeletal system by a special software. Parts of the skeletal system in X-ray images and 3D-reconstructed models appear in true 1:1 scale for size and volume, thus spinal and vertebral parameters, lower limb axis lengths and angles, as well as any relevant clinical parameters in orthopedic practice could be very precisely measured and calculated. Visualization of 3D reconstructed models in various views by the sterEOS 3D software enables the presentation of top view images, through which one can analyze the rotational conditions of lower limbs, joints and spine deformities in horizontal plane and this provides revolutionary novel possibilities in orthopedic surgery, especially in spine surgery. Orv. Hetil., 2012, 153, 289–295.

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Humbert, Ludovic, Henri Carlioz, Aurelien Baudoin, Wafa Skalli, and David Mitton. "3D Evaluation of the acetabular coverage assessed by biplanar X-rays or single anteroposterior X-ray compared with CT-scan." Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering 11, no. 3 (June 2008): 257–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10255840701760423.

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Hatala, Kevin G., Stephen M. Gatesy, and Peter L. Falkingham. "Integration of biplanar X-ray, three-dimensional animation and particle simulation reveals details of human ‘track ontogeny’." Interface Focus 11, no. 5 (August 13, 2021): 20200075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2020.0075.

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The emergence of bipedalism had profound effects on human evolutionary history, but the evolution of locomotor patterns within the hominin clade remains poorly understood. Fossil tracks record in vivo behaviours of extinct hominins, and they offer great potential to reveal locomotor patterns at various times and places across the human fossil record. However, there is no consensus on how to interpret anatomical or biomechanical patterns from tracks due to limited knowledge of the complex foot–substrate interactions through which they are produced. Here, we implement engineering-based methods to understand human track formation with the ultimate goal of unlocking invaluable information on hominin locomotion from fossil tracks. We first developed biplanar X-ray and three-dimensional animation techniques that permit visualization of subsurface foot motion as tracks are produced, and that allow for direct comparisons of foot kinematics to final track morphology. We then applied the discrete element method to accurately simulate the process of human track formation, allowing for direct study of human track ontogeny. This window lets us observe how specific anatomical and/or kinematic variables shape human track morphology, and it offers a new avenue for robust hypothesis testing in order to infer patterns of foot anatomy and motion from fossil hominin tracks.

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Hosseinian, S., and H. Arefi. "3D RECONSTRUCTION FROM MULTI-VIEW MEDICAL X-RAY IMAGES – REVIEW AND EVALUATION OF EXISTING METHODS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-1-W5 (December 11, 2015): 319–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-1-w5-319-2015.

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The 3D concept is extremely important in clinical studies of human body. Accurate 3D models of bony structures are currently required in clinical routine for diagnosis, patient follow-up, surgical planning, computer assisted surgery and biomechanical applications. However, 3D conventional medical imaging techniques such as computed tomography (CT) scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have serious limitations such as using in non-weight-bearing positions, costs and high radiation dose(for CT). Therefore, 3D reconstruction methods from biplanar X-ray images have been taken into consideration as reliable alternative methods in order to achieve accurate 3D models with low dose radiation in weight-bearing positions. Different methods have been offered for 3D reconstruction from X-ray images using photogrammetry which should be assessed. In this paper, after demonstrating the principles of 3D reconstruction from X-ray images, different existing methods of 3D reconstruction of bony structures from radiographs are classified and evaluated with various metrics and their advantages and disadvantages are mentioned. Finally, a comparison has been done on the presented methods with respect to several metrics such as accuracy, reconstruction time and their applications. With regards to the research, each method has several advantages and disadvantages which should be considered for a specific application.

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Ben-Sira, Liat, Shelly I. Shiran, Li-tal Pratt, Ronit Precel, Dror Ovadia, Shlomi Constantini, and Jonathan Roth. "Use of EOS Low-Dose Biplanar X-Ray for Shunt Series in Children with Hydrocephalus: A Preliminary Study." World Neurosurgery 116 (August 2018): e273-e277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2018.04.187.

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17

Berg, Britt-Isabelle, Aurélien Laville, Delphine S. Courvoisier, Philippe Rouch, and Thomas Schouman. "Experiences with a new biplanar low-dose X-ray device for imaging the facial skeleton: A feasibility study." PLOS ONE 15, no. 7 (July 2, 2020): e0235032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0235032.

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18

Chow, Jacky C. K., Steven K. Boyd, Derek D. Lichti, and Janet L. Ronsky. "Robust Self-Supervised Learning of Deterministic Errors in Single-Plane (Monoplanar) and Dual-Plane (Biplanar) X-Ray Fluoroscopy." IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging 39, no. 6 (June 2020): 2051–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2019.2963446.

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19

Zhang, S., D. D. Lichti, J. C. Küpper, and J. L. Ronsky. "AN AUTOMATIC ICP-BASED 2D-3D REGISTRATION METHOD FOR A HIGH-SPEED BIPLANAR VIDEORADIOGRAPHY IMAGING SYSTEM." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B2-2020 (August 12, 2020): 805–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b2-2020-805-2020.

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Abstract. High-Speed Biplanar Videoradiography (HSBV) is an X-ray based non-invasive imaging system that can be used to derive dynamic bony translations and rotations. The 2D-3D registration process matches a 3D bone model acquired from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) scans with the 2D X-ray image pairs. This study focuses on the registration of MRI data as it can acquire detailed soft tissue contrast that cannot be easily discerned in CT scans. A novel 2D-3D registration method is reported in this paper that is suitable for the MRI-based bone models with high precision and high efficiency. In addition, an automatic initialization procedure with 64 starting poses is established to avoid user intervention in the registration. The method has been tested using the HSBV image sequence of a knee joint during walking. Thirty-five consecutive poses from the sequence were tested for the registration, and 50 non-consecutive poses randomly selected from the sequence were tested for the automatic initialization. The registration precision for each axis was 0.49 to 0.54 mm. For the initialization validation test, 48 over 50 frames were successfully initialized and two failed due to portions of the joint falling outside of the field-of-view of the system. The average time for each initialization is only about 6 min. The improved 2D-3D registration will allow determination of precise 3D kinematic parameters with high efficiency. These kinematic parameters can be used to calculate joint cartilage contact mechanics that provide insight into the mechanical processes and mechanisms of joint degeneration or pathology.

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Hosseinian, S., and H. Arefi. "PHOTOGRAMMETRY IN 3D MODELLING OF HUMAN BONE STRUCTURES FROM RADIOGRAPHS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W4 (May 10, 2017): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w4-115-2017.

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Photogrammetry can have great impact on the success of medical processes for diagnosis, treatment and surgeries. Precise 3D models which can be achieved by photogrammetry improve considerably the results of orthopedic surgeries and processes. Usual 3D imaging techniques, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), have some limitations such as being used only in non-weight-bearing positions, costs and high radiation dose(for CT) and limitations of MRI for patients with ferromagnetic implants or objects in their bodies. 3D reconstruction of bony structures from biplanar X-ray images is a reliable and accepted alternative for achieving accurate 3D information with low dose radiation in weight-bearing positions. The information can be obtained from multi-view radiographs by using photogrammetry. The primary step for 3D reconstruction of human bone structure from medical X-ray images is calibration which is done by applying principles of photogrammetry. After the calibration step, 3D reconstruction can be done using efficient methods with different levels of automation. Because of the different nature of X-ray images from optical images, there are distinct challenges in medical applications for calibration step of stereoradiography. In this paper, after demonstrating the general steps and principles of 3D reconstruction from X-ray images, a comparison will be done on calibration methods for 3D reconstruction from radiographs and they are assessed from photogrammetry point of view by considering various metrics such as their camera models, calibration objects, accuracy, availability, patient-friendly and cost.

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Fougeron, Nolwenn, Pierre-Yves Rohan, Aurélien Macron, Christophe Travert, Hélène Pillet, and Wafa Skalli. "Subject specific finite element mesh generation of the pelvis from biplanar x-ray images: application to 120 clinical cases." Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering 21, no. 5 (April 4, 2018): 408–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10255842.2018.1469624.

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22

Gheno, Ramon, Eric Nectoux, Bernard Herbaux, Matteo Baldisserotto, Luiz Glock, Anne Cotten, and Nathalie Boutry. "Three-dimensional measurements of the lower extremity in children and adolescents using a low-dose biplanar X-ray device." European Radiology 22, no. 4 (October 20, 2011): 765–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00330-011-2308-y.

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23

Cheriet, F., C. Laporte, S. Kadoury, H. Labelle, and J. Dansereau. "A Novel System for the 3-D Reconstruction of the Human Spine and Rib Cage From Biplanar X-Ray Images." IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 54, no. 7 (July 2007): 1356–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2006.889205.

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24

NORO, Masahiro, Mitsumasa MATSUDA, Ryosuke KURODA, Seiji KUBO, Takehiko MATSUSHITA, Shinya OKA, Tomoyuki MATSUMOTO, et al. "621 A simulation of the MPFL insertion in the living body knee using a biplanar X-ray image matching technique." Proceedings of Conference of Kansai Branch 2012.87 (2012): _6–18_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmekansai.2012.87._6-18_.

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25

Assi, Ayman, Yasmina Chaibi, Ana Presedo, Jean Dubousset, Ismat Ghanem, and Wafa Skalli. "Three-dimensional reconstructions for asymptomatic and cerebral palsy children's lower limbs using a biplanar X-ray system: A feasibility study." European Journal of Radiology 82, no. 12 (December 2013): 2359–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2013.07.006.

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Paśko, Sławomir, and Wojciech Glinkowski. "Combining 3D Structured Light Imaging and Spine X-ray Data Improves Visualization of the Spinous Lines in the Scoliotic Spine." Applied Sciences 11, no. 1 (December 30, 2020): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11010301.

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Scoliosis is a three-dimensional trunk and spinal deformity. Patient evaluation is essential for the decision-making process and determines the selection of specific and adequate treatment. The diagnosis requires a radiological evaluation that exposes patients to radiation. This exposure reaches hazardous levels when numerous, repetitive radiographic studies are required for diagnostics, monitoring, and treatment. Technological improvements in radiographic devices have significantly reduced radiation exposure, but the risk for patients remains. Optical three-dimensional surface topography (3D ST) measurement systems that use surface topography (ST) to screen, diagnose, and monitor scoliosis are safer alternatives to radiography. The study aimed to show that the combination of plain X-ray and 3D ST scans allows for an approximate presentation of the vertebral column spinous processes line in space to determine the shape of the spine’s deformity in scoliosis patients. Twelve patients diagnosed with scoliosis, aged 13.1 ± 4.5 years (range: 9 to 20 years) (mean: Cobb angle 17.8°, SD: ±9.5°) were enrolled in the study. Patients were diagnosed using full-spine X-ray and whole torso 3D ST. The novel three-dimensional assessment of the spinous process lines by merging 3D ST and X-ray data in patients with scoliosis was implemented. The method’s expected uncertainty is less than 5 mm, which is better than the norm for a standard measurement tool. The presented accuracy level is considered adequate; the proposed solution is accurate enough to monitor the changes in the shape of scoliosis’s spinous processes line. The proposed method allows for a relatively precise calculation of the spinous process lines based on a three-dimensional point cloud obtained with a four-directional, three-dimensional structured light diagnostic system and a single X-ray image. The method may help reduce patients’ total radiation exposure and avoid one X-ray in the sagittal projection if biplanar radiograms are required for reconstructing the three-dimensional line of the spinous processes line.

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Legaye, J., P. Saunier, R. Dumas, and C. Vallee. "Correction for patient sway in radiographic biplanar imaging for three-dimensional reconstruction of the spine: in vitro study of a new method." Acta Radiologica 50, no. 7 (September 2009): 781–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02841850903036272.

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Background: Three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions of the spine in the upright position are classically obtained using two-dimensional, non-simultaneous radiographic imaging. However, a subject's sway between exposures induces inaccuracy in the 3D reconstructions. Purpose: To evaluate the impact of patient sway between successive radiographic exposures, and to test if 3D reconstruction accuracy can be improved by a corrective method with simultaneous Moiré–X-ray imaging. Material and Methods: Using a calibrated deformable phantom perceptible by both techniques (Moiré and X-ray), the 3D positional and rotational vertebral data from 3D reconstructions with and without the corrective procedure were compared to the corresponding data of computed tomography (CT) scans, considered as a reference. All were expressed in the global axis system, as defined by the Scoliosis Research Society. Results: When a sagittal sway of 10° occurred between successive biplanar X-rays, the accuracy of the 3D reconstruction without correction was 8.8 mm for the anteroposterior vertebral locations and 6.4° for the sagittal orientations. When the corrective method was applied, the accuracy was improved to 1.3 mm and 1.5°, respectively. Conclusion: 3D accuracy improved significantly by using the corrective method, whatever the subject's sway. This technique is reliable for clinical appraisal of the spine, if the subject's sway does not exceed 10°. For greater sway, improvement persists, but a risk of lack of accuracy exists.

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Fischer, Martin, Peter Böttcher, and Thomas Rohwedder. "In vivo axial humero-ulnar rotation in normal and dysplastic canine elbow joints." Tierärztliche Praxis Ausgabe K: Kleintiere / Heimtiere 46, no. 02 (April 2018): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.15654/tpk-170390.

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Summary Objective: To prospectively compare relative axial (internal-external) humero-ulnar rotation in normal and dysplastic canine elbow joints. Material and methods: Six normal elbows (five dogs) and seven joints (six dogs) with coronoid disease were examined. After implantation of 0.8 mm tantalum beads into humerus and ulna, biplanar x-ray movies of the implanted elbows were taken while dogs were walking on a treadmill. Based on the 2D bead coordinates of the synchronized x-ray movies virtual 3D humero-ulnar animations were calculated. Based on these, relative internal-external humero-ulnar rotation was measured over the first third of stance phase and expressed as maximal rotational amplitude. Amplitudes from three consecutive steps were averaged and groupwise compared using an unpaired t-test. Results: In normal elbow joints mean axial relative humero-ulnar rotation was 2.9° (SD 1.1). Dysplastic joints showed a significantly greater rotational amplitude (5.3°, SD 2.0; p = 0.0229, 95% confidence interval 0.4–4.4). Conclusion: Dysplastic elbow joints show greater relative internal-external humero-ulnar rotation compared to normal elbows, which might reflect rotational joint instability. Clinical relevance: Increased relative internal-external humero-ulnar rotation might alter physiological joint contact and pressure patterns. Future studies are needed to verify if this plays a role in the pathogenesis of medial coronoid disease.

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Childs, Bronwen, Brenna Pugliese, Cristina Carballo, Daniel Miranda, Elizabeth Brainerd, and Carl Kirker-Head. "Three-dimensional kinematics of the equine metacarpophalangeal joint using x-ray reconstruction of moving morphology – a pilot study." Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 30, no. 04 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3415/vcot-16-06-0095.

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SummaryX-ray reconstruction of moving morphology (XROMM) uses biplanar videoradiography and computed tomography (CT) scanning to capture three-dimensional (3D) bone motion. In XROMM, morphologically accurate 3D bone models derived from CT are animated with motion from videoradiography, yielding a highly accurate and precise reconstruction of skeletal kinematics. We employ this motion analysis technique to characterize metacarpophalangeal joint (MCPJ) motion in the absence and presence of protective legwear in a healthy pony. Our in vivo marker tracking precision was 0.09 mm for walk and trot, and 0.10 mm during jump down exercises. We report MCPJ maximum extension (walk: –27.70 ± 2.78° [standard deviation]; trot: –33.84 ± 4.94°), abduction/adduction (walk: 0.04 ± 0.24°; trot: –0.23 ± 0.35°) and external/internal rotations (walk: 0.30 ± 0.32°; trot: –0.49 ± 1.05°) indicating that the MCPJ in this pony is a stable hinge joint with negligible extra-sagittal rotations. No substantial change in MCPJ maximum extension angles or vertical ground reaction forces (GRFv) were observed upon application of legwear during jump down exercise. Neoprene boot application yielded –65.20 ± 2.06° extension (GRFv = 11.97 ± 0.67 N/kg) and fleece polo wrap application yielded –64.23 ± 1.68° extension (GRFv = 11.36 ± 1.66 N/kg), when compared to naked control (-66.11 ± 0.96°; GRFv = 12.02 ± 0.53 N/kg). Collectively, this proof of concept study illustrates the benefits and practical limitations of using XROMM to document equine MCPJ kinematics in the presence and absence of legwear.Supplementary Material to this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.3415/VCOT-16-06-0095.

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Wagner, Franziska C., Kerstin Gerlach, Sandra M. Geiger, Claudia Gittel, Peter Böttcher, and Christoph K. W. Mülling. "Biplanar High-Speed Fluoroscopy of Pony Superficial Digital Flexor Tendon (SDFT)—An In Vivo Pilot Study." Veterinary Sciences 8, no. 6 (May 27, 2021): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci8060092.

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The superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) is the most frequently injured structure of the musculoskeletal system in sport horses and a common cause for early retirement. This project’s aim was to visualize and measure the strain of the sound, injured, and healing SDFTs in a pony during walk and trot. For this purpose, biplanar high-speed fluoroscopic kinematography (FluoKin), as a high precision X-ray movement analysis tool, was used for the first time in vivo with equine tendons. The strain in the metacarpal region of the sound SDFT was 2.86% during walk and 6.78% during trot. When injured, the strain increased to 3.38% during walk and decreased to 5.96% during trot. The baseline strain in the mid-metacarpal region was 3.13% during walk and 6.06% during trot and, when injured, decreased to 2.98% and increased to 7.61%, respectively. Following tendon injury, the mid-metacarpal region contributed less to the overall strain during walk but showed increased contribution during trot. Using this marker-based FluoKin technique, direct, high-precision, and long-term strain measurements in the same individual are possible. We conclude that FluoKin is a powerful tool for gaining deeper insight into equine tendon biomechanics.

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Pedersen, Peter H., Asger G. Petersen, Svend E. Ostgaard, Torben Tvedebrink, and Søren P. Eiskjær. "HOW MANY DOSEMETERS ARE NEEDED FOR CORRECT MEAN ORGAN DOSE ASSESSMENT WHEN PERFOMING PHANTOM DOSIMETRY? A PHANTOM STUDY EVALUATING LIVER ORGAN DOSE AND INVESTIGATING TLD NUMBERS AND WAYS OF DOSEMETER PLACEMENT." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 189, no. 4 (May 2020): 475–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncaa062.

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Abstract This study evaluated repeated mean organ dose measurements of the liver by phantom dosimetry and statistical modelling in order to find a way to reduce the number of dosemeters needed for precise organ dose measurements. Thermoluminescent dosemeters were used in an adult female phantom exposed to a biplanar x-ray source at three different axial phantom rotations. Generalised mixed linear effect modelling was used for statistical analysis. A subgroup of five to six organ-specific locations out of 28 yielded mean liver organ doses within 95% confidence intervals of measurements based on all 28 liver-specific dosemeter locations. No statistical difference of mean liver dose was observed with rotation of the phantom either 10° clockwise or counter-clockwise as opposed to the coronal plane. Phantom dosimetry handling time during organ dose measurements can be markedly reduced, in this case the liver, by 79% (22/28), while still providing precise mean organ dose measurements.

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Engsberg, Jack R., Lawrence G. Lenke, Keith H. Bridwell, Mary L. Uhrich, and Connie M. Trout. "Relationships between Spinal Landmarks and Skin Surface Markers." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 24, no. 1 (February 2008): 94–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.24.1.94.

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This investigation determined relationships between coronal vertical alignment (CVA) and sagittal vertical alignment (SVA) variables calculated from radiographs and surface markers representing bony landmarks. Biplanar radiographs were taken on 28 subjects (standing) after 2 metallic surface markers were placed on the skin superficial to C7 and S2. The CVA-R and SVA-R were measured on the radiographs. Similar variables were calculated from the surface markers (CVA-P-R, SVA-P-R). Correlation between CVA-R and CVA-P-R was 0.894 (p < 0.000), and between SVA-R and SVA-P-R was 0.946 (p < 0.000). Results lead to three recommendations: (1) obtain surface marker data when radiographs are taken to establish relationships between the two sets of data, (2) take care in providing instructions to the subjects if measures are to be taken at different times, and (3) observe caution in interpreting results when simultaneous x-ray and surface marker data were not recorded.

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Stefen, Clara, Peter Ibe, and Martin S. Fischer. "Biplanar X-ray motion analysis of the lower jaw movement during incisor interaction and mastication in the beaver (Castor fiber L. 1758)." Mammalian Biology 76, no. 5 (September 2011): 534–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mambio.2011.02.001.

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Thépaut, Matthias, Sylvain Brochard, Julien Leboucher, Mathieu Lempereur, Eric Stindel, Valentin Tissot, and Bhushan S. Borotikar. "Measuring physiological and pathological femoral anteversion using a biplanar low-dose X-ray system: validity, reliability, and discriminative ability in cerebral palsy." Skeletal Radiology 45, no. 2 (November 27, 2015): 243–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00256-015-2298-y.

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Assi, A., A. Presedo, A. Baudoin, D. Mitton, I. Ghanem, and W. Skalli. "Specific 3D reconstruction for children lower limbs using a low dose biplanar X-ray system. Reproducibility of clinical parameters for cerebral palsy patients." Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering 10, sup1 (January 2007): 27–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10255840701479065.

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Szuper, Kinga, Ádám Tibor Schlégl, Eleonóra Leidecker, Csaba Vermes, Szabolcs Somoskeöy, and Péter Than. "Three-dimensional quantitative analysis of the proximal femur and the pelvis in children and adolescents using an upright biplanar slot-scanning X-ray system." Pediatric Radiology 45, no. 3 (August 26, 2014): 411–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00247-014-3146-2.

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Berthonnaud, E., R. Hilmi, and J. Dimnet. "Accessing 3D Location of Standing Pelvis: Relative Position of Sacral Plateau and Acetabular Cavities versus Pelvis." Radiology Research and Practice 2012 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/685497.

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The goal of this paper is to access to pelvis position and morphology in standing posture and to determine the relative locations of their articular surfaces. This is obtained from coupling biplanar radiography and bone modeling. The technique involves different successive steps. Punctual landmarks are first reconstructed, in space, from their projected images, identified on two orthogonal standing X-rays. Geometric models, of global pelvis and articular surfaces, are determined from punctual landmarks. The global pelvis is represented as a triangle of summits: the two femoral head centers and the sacral plateau center. The two acetabular cavities are modeled as hemispheres. The anterior sacral plateau edge is represented by an hemi-ellipsis. The modeled articular surfaces are projected on each X-ray. Their optimal location is obtained when the projected contours of their models best fit real outlines identified from landmark images. Linear and angular parameters characterizing the position of global pelvis and articular surfaces are calculated from the corresponding sets of axis. Relative positions of sacral plateau, and acetabular cavities, are then calculated. Two hundred standing pelvis, of subjects and scoliotic patients, have been studied. Examples are presented. They focus upon pelvis orientations, relative positions of articular surfaces, and pelvis asymmetries.

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Abbott, Emily M., Zoe Merchant, Erica Lee, Sadie M. Abernathy, Charles Hammer, Young-Hui Chang, and Jason T. Bariteau. "Evaluation of True Ankle Motion Following Total Ankle Replacement Utilizing XROMM technology." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 5, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 2473011420S0001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011420s00017.

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Category: Ankle Arthritis Introduction/Purpose: Total ankle replacement (TAR) is common tool used by the foot and ankle specialist to treat end stage ankle arthritis. Current data about ankle motion following TAR is derived from gait analysis utilizing external markers. Utilizing Xray Reconstruction of Moving Morphology (XROMM), which combines 3-D mapping technology with biplanar fluoroscopy in vivo to visualize true skeletal motion, we can evaluate true motion of TAR implants. Current TAR replacement systems are either mobile bearing or fixed bearing. We hypothesized that subjects implanted with a fixed bearing prosthesis would exhibit less tibiotalar rotation and translation than subjects implanted with a mobile bearing prosthesis. Methods: Six subjects with total ankle replacement at least one-year post implantation gave informed consent before participating (IRB #H16496). Three subjects with a mobile bearing prosthesis with an average age 63.3+-11.1 yrs were compared to three matched subjects with a fixed bearing prosthesis with an average age of 64.7+-1.5 yrs. Utilizing 3D slicer software, lower body CT scans for each subject were evaluated to create 3D models of the foot and ankle bones and implant components. All subjects walked for several trials at a self-selected pace along a walkway while their foot and ankle motions were captured by a high-speed biplanar fluoroscopic x-ray motion analysis (XMA) system. The 3D models were combined with the x-ray images within a 3D animation platform and rotoscoped to resolve accurate kinematic motions at the tibiotalar joint during stance phase of gait. We examined for differences between the two groups using a two-sample t-test (p<0.05). Results: Subjects with a mobile-bearing prosthesis demonstrated mean ROM’s of 7.4+-1.1°, 5.3+-2.3° and 7.1+-4.3° for dorsiflexion/plantarflexion, inversion/eversion, and internal/external rotation, respectively. Subjects with a fixed bearing ankle prosthesis did not exhibit significantly different mean ROM’s for dorsiflexion/plantarflexion (9.1+-4.0°, p=0.35), inversion/eversion (4.4+-2.1°, p=0.42), and internal/external rotation (9.0+-3.4°, p=0.35), respectively. Subjects with a fixed bearing prosthesis displayed significantly more translation along the anteroposterior (3.6+-1.2mm, p<0.01) and mediolateral (2.2+-0.7mm, p<0.01) axes compared to the mobile bearing prosthesis (1.8+-1.2mm and 1.3+-0.8mm, respectively). Conclusion: Our preliminary results indicate that mobile and fixed bearing prosthesis provides similar angular motion at the tibiotalar joint, however, the fixed bearing prosthesis exhibits greater translational motion during walking. Further, there is the same amount of internal and external translation with both component designs. The implications of this work on success or failure of current implant designs is beyond the scope of this study but this work will provide the basis for future studies to help determine optimal future total ankle replacement designs.

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Astley, Henry C., and Thomas J. Roberts. "Evidence for a vertebrate catapult: elastic energy storage in the plantaris tendon during frog jumping." Biology Letters 8, no. 3 (November 16, 2011): 386–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2011.0982.

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Anuran jumping is one of the most powerful accelerations in vertebrate locomotion. Several species are hypothesized to use a catapult-like mechanism to store and rapidly release elastic energy, producing power outputs far beyond the capability of muscle. Most evidence for this mechanism comes from measurements of whole-body power output; the decoupling of joint motion and muscle shortening expected in a catapult-like mechanism has not been demonstrated. We used high-speed marker-based biplanar X-ray cinefluoroscopy to quantify plantaris muscle fascicle strain and ankle joint motion in frogs in order to test for two hallmarks of a catapult mechanism: (i) shortening of fascicles prior to joint movement (during tendon stretch), and (ii) rapid joint movement during the jump without rapid muscle-shortening (during tendon recoil). During all jumps, muscle fascicles shortened by an average of 7.8 per cent (54% of total strain) prior to joint movement, stretching the tendon. The subsequent period of initial joint movement and high joint angular acceleration occurred with minimal muscle fascicle length change, consistent with the recoil of the elastic tendon. These data support the plantaris longus tendon as a site of elastic energy storage during frog jumping, and demonstrate that catapult mechanisms may be employed even in sub-maximal jumps.

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Park, Paul. "Three-Dimensional Computed Tomography-Based Spinal Navigation in Minimally Invasive Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion: Feasibility, Technique, and Initial Results." Operative Neurosurgery 11, no. 2 (March 23, 2015): 259–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/neu.0000000000000726.

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Abstract BACKGROUND As with most minimally invasive spine procedures, lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) requires the use of biplanar fluoroscopy for localization and safe interbody cage placement. Computed tomography (CT)-based intraoperative spinal navigation has been shown to be more effective than fluoroscopic guidance for posterior-based approaches such as pedicle screw instrumentation. However, the use of spinal navigation in LLIF has not been well studied. OBJECTIVE To present the technique for using an intraoperative cone-beam CT and image-guided navigation system in LLIF and to provide a preliminary analysis of outcomes. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed a prospectively acquired database and the electronic records of patients undergoing LLIF with spinal navigation. Eight patients were identified. Postoperative neurological deficits were recorded. All patients underwent postprocedural CT and x-ray imaging for analysis of accuracy of cage placement. Accuracy of cage placement was determined by location within the disk space. RESULTS The mean age was 66 years, and 6 patients were women. A mean 2.8 levels were treated with a total of 22 lateral cages implanted via navigation. All cages were placed within quarters 1 to 2 or 2 to 3, signifying the anterior half or middle portions of the disk space. There were no sensory or motor deficits postoperatively. CONCLUSION Use of an intraoperative cone-beam CT with an image-guided navigation system is feasible and safe and appears to be accurate, although a larger study is required to confirm these results.

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BERTHONNAUD, ERIC, GUILLAUME HERZBERG, DUANE MORROW, KAI-NAN AN, and JOANNÈS DIMNET. "IN VIVO LOCATION OF JOINT CENTERS OF THE SHOULDER SYSTEM: GLENO-HUMERAL AND SCAPULO-THORACIC JOINTS BETWEEN TWO POSTURES DESCRIBING THE ARM ELEVATION IN THE PLANE OF SCAPULA USING TECHNIQUES BASED UPON BIPLANAR RADIOGRAPHY." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 06, no. 04 (December 2006): 385–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519406002060.

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In biomechanics, the knowledge of accurate location of a joint center is essential because equilibration of the external loads and muscular forces about the joint is performed about this specific point. This paper focuses on the location of centers of gleno-humeral joint and scapulo-thoracic joint in a subject moving their arm in the scapular plane with a magnitude of 120°. Biplanar radiography with successive exposures has been used locating anatomical axes of bones. Geometric models of bones were defined allowing access to bone morphology by superposing model projections onto X-ray imaged bone contours. Functional models were used so as to represent the behavior in motion of shoulder joints. These techniques allowed us to access to results describing the linear and angular relative displacements of the shoulder bones between two different postures. The gleno-humeral and scapulo-thoracic finite joint centers (F H and F S ) are first defined through the location of the corresponding helical axis of motion (HAM) moving the joint from positions occupied in initial and final postures. The gleno-humeral and scapulo-thoracic mean joint centers (M H and M S ) are then calculated using a new technique, which defines that each joint center has the point having the smallest migrations while moving continuously from initial to final postures. This allows for the analysis of the linear and angular clearances, which affect joint center migration. The whole continuous movement has been parsed into several steps to test the stability of the mean joint center throughout the motion.

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Badalov, V. I., M. I. Spitsyn, K. E. Korostelev, R. V. Yarmoshuk, and A. A. Rodionova. "Neuronavigation Assistance. Decreased radiation exposure during spinal surgery in patients with severe combined trauma." Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy 22, no. 2 (June 15, 2020): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/brmma50047.

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Absnract. The results of the study of intraoperative x-ray irradiation of the affected two arrays are presented: the main array using neuronavigation and the control group, where standard 2D fluoroscopy was used. The radiation load on the operating surgeon and auxiliary operating personnel was also evaluated. Intraoperative visualization was carried out using the second-generation iNtellect ENT Navigation rack of the Stryker company (United States of America) for the victims of the main array and the Ziehm Vision RFD optical-optical converter (Germany) of the company for the victims of the control group. The imaging option using an electron-optical transducer is especially important for minimally invasive procedures, where instrumentation is performed percutaneously without direct anatomical control, as opposed to open procedures or working with distorted anatomical structures during injuries. Biplanar fluoroscopy was one of the first intraoperative methods of imaging in real time, and remains one of the leading technologies in orthopedic and spinal surgery. However, radiation exposure from intraoperative fluoroscopy remains a serious problem for patients, surgeons, and operating support staff. The negative effect of ionizing radiation leads to cell damage through the induction of deoxyribonucleic acid and the release of reactive oxygen species. In this regard, cell death or genome instability occurs, which leads to various radiation-related pathologies. It was found that the use of neuronavigation reduces the number of errors, reduces intraoperative trauma, and significantly reduces intraoperative radiation exposure to the injured, operating surgeon and auxiliary operating personnel. The large-scale introduction of navigation technologies will reduce or completely eliminate the harmful effects of ionizing radiation on the injured and medical personnel.

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Dietrich, Tobias J., Christian W. A. Pfirrmann, Alexander Schwab, Katja Pankalla, and Florian M. Buck. "Comparison of radiation dose, workflow, patient comfort and financial break-even of standard digital radiography and a novel biplanar low-dose X-ray system for upright full-length lower limb and whole spine radiography." Skeletal Radiology 42, no. 7 (March 28, 2013): 959–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00256-013-1600-0.

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Onnasch, D. G. W., F. K. Schmiel, and H. H. Kramer. "Problems in quantitative evaluations of biplane X-ray angiocardiograms." International Congress Series 1230 (June 2001): 1010–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0531-5131(01)00176-5.

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Wollschläger, H., P. Lee, A. Zeiher, U. Solzbach, T. Bonzel, and H. Just. "Mathematical Tools for Spatial Computations with Biplane Isocentric X-Ray Equipment - Mathematisch-geometrische Grundlagen für räumliche Berechnungen mit biplanen isozentrischen Röntgensystemen." Biomedizinische Technik/Biomedical Engineering 31, no. 5 (1986): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bmte.1986.31.5.101.

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Kehl, Hans Gerd, Jürgen Jäger, Nikos Papazis, Dimitris Dimitrelos, Josef Gehrmann, Rainer Kassenböhmer, Johannes Vogt, and Georgios Sakas. "3D heart modelling from biplane, rotational angiocardiographic X-ray sequences." Computers & Graphics 24, no. 5 (October 2000): 731–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0097-8493(00)00075-3.

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Elmiger, R., U. Schanz, B. Ott, and D. Frei. "EXPOSURE OF A SERVICE TECHNICIAN REPAIRING A BIPLANE X-RAY SYSTEM." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 182, no. 1 (September 5, 2018): 18–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncy131.

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Sugisawa, S., K. Watanabe, O. Kobayashi, T. Kikuchi, K. Hirono, T. Hisa, M. Kimura, H. Amauchi, M. Ujiie, and S. Nishimura. "48. Experience of the armless biplane universal X-ray TV system." Japanese Journal of Radiological Technology 48, no. 8 (1992): 1133. http://dx.doi.org/10.6009/jjrt.kj00003500445.

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Bourantas, Christos V., Ann C. Tweddel, Michail I. Papafaklis, Petros S. Karvelis, Dimitrios I. Fotiadis, Christos S. Katsouras, and Lampros K. Michalis. "Comparison of Quantitative Coronary Angiography with Intracoronary Ultrasound. Can Quantitative Coronary Angiography Accurately Estimate the Severity of a Luminal Stenosis?" Angiology 60, no. 2 (May 28, 2008): 169–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003319708317338.

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In this study we investigated the accuracy of monoplane and biplane quantitative coronary angiography in estimating the luminal dimensions, using intracoronary ultrasound as gold standard. Biplane angiography and intracoronary ultrasound were performed in 24 arterial segments. The end-diastolic intracoronary ultrasound frames were manually selected and segmented. In 2 end-diastolic X ray projections, quantitative coronary angiography was performed and a novel methodology was applied to register the segmented frames onto the processed angiographic images. The luminal areas determined by quantitative coronary angiography in 1 (monoplane) and 2 projections (mean) were compared with those determined by intracoronary ultrasound. The obtained correlation coefficients for the monoplane and mean estimations were 0.69 ±0.12 and 0.77 ± 0.08 respectively. It would appear that by increasing the angle between the biplane projections, the correlation between intracoronary ultrasound and mean estimations improves. Our results provide evidence that orthogonal biplane angiography is more reliable and should be preferred to assess luminal dimensions.

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Tu, Shengxian, Gerhard Koning, Wouter Jukema, and Johan H. C. Reiber. "Assessment of obstruction length and optimal viewing angle from biplane X-ray angiograms." International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging 26, no. 1 (September 18, 2009): 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10554-009-9509-3.

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