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Journal articles on the topic 'Bipyridylium herbicide'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 18 May 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Tucker, Edwin S., and Stephen B. Powles. "A Biotype of Hare Barley (Hordeum leporinum) Resistant to Paraquat and Diquat." Weed Science 39, no. 2 (1991): 159–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s004317450007140x.

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A biotype of the annual grass weed hare barley infesting an alfalfa field with a 24-yr history of the use of the bipyridylium herbicides paraquat and diquat, was investigated for resistance to these herbicides. Rates of up to 800 g ai ha–1of each herbicide caused no mortality in the hare barley plants from this field. The same species, collected from an adjacent pasture field with no history of bipyridylium herbicide application, exhibited LD50'sof 57 and 160 g ai ha–1for paraquat and diquat, respectively. Tiller numbers and dry matter production in the biotype from the alfalfa field were not

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2

Koschnick, Tyler J., William T. Haller, and Les Glasgow. "Documentation of landoltia (Landoltia punctata) resistance to diquat." Weed Science 54, no. 4 (2006): 615–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-06-002r.1.

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Landoltia was collected and cultured from a canal in Lake County, Florida, where diquat was used repeatedly during the past 20–30 yr for duckweed control. Recent applications of diquat failed to provide adequate control of duckweed, and a new commercial formulation of diquat was suspected. The new formulation was not the cause of reduced efficacy. Static exposures (48 h) to various concentrations of diquat were used to compare the susceptibility of the Lake County landoltia accession to one never exposed to diquat. These static tests indicated that landoltia, from a population with no prior hi

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3

Powles, Stephen B., and Peter D. Howat. "Herbicide-resistant Weeds in Australia." Weed Technology 4, no. 1 (1990): 178–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00025203.

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This review considers the development of herbicide-resistant weed biotypes in Australia. Biotypes of the important annual weed species, capeweed, wall barley, and hare barley are resistant to the bipyridylium herbicides paraquat and diquat. These resistant biotypes developed on a small number of alfalfa fields that have a long history of paraquat and diquat use within a distinct geographical area in central western Victoria. The resistant biotypes are controlled by alternative herbicides and pose little practical concern. Some populations of wild oat are resistant to the methyl ester of diclof

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4

Vaishampayan, A. "Potent Mutagenicity of a Bipyridylium Herbicide in a Nitrogen-fixing Blue-green Alga Nostoc muscorum,." Biochemie und Physiologie der Pflanzen 180, no. 4 (1985): 327–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0015-3796(85)80010-x.

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5

Rannels, D. E., A. E. Pegg, R. S. Clark, and J. L. Addison. "Interaction of paraquat and amine uptake by rat lungs perfused in situ." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 249, no. 5 (1985): E506—E513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1985.249.5.e506.

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The kinetics of [14C]paraquat (N,N-di[14C]methyl-4,4'-bipyridylium) uptake from the pulmonary circulation were investigated in rat lungs perfused in situ. During the 1st h of exposure to the herbicide paraquat entered the lungs primarily by diffusion; no evidence was obtained from concentrative uptake, saturation kinetics (1-3,500 microM paraquat), or inhibition by the amines methyl-glyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) or spermidine, both of which were expected to compete for paraquat transport sites. In contrast, after 60 min of exposure, uptake rates increased two- to three-fold, and paraquat was ac

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6

Kim, Sangho, and Kriton K. Hatzios. "Differential Response of Two Soybean Cultivars to Paraquat." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 48, no. 3-4 (1993): 379–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1993-3-443.

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The soybean cultivars “ Kwangkyo” and “ Hood ” are differentially sensitive to the bipyridylium herbicide paraquat (1,1′-dimethyl-4 ,4′-bipyridiniumion). This was confirmed by visible injury observations, measurements of desiccation levels and chlorophyll content, and tracings of chlorophyll fluorescence induction of fully expanded first trifoliate leaves of these two cultivars after exposure to a wide range of paraquat concentrations. The margin of this intraspecific differential tolerance to paraquat was narrow an d the ratio of the paraquat concentrations causing 50% injury to the tolerant

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7

Wang, Xiao H., Christopher L. Souders, Yuan H. Zhao, and Christopher J. Martyniuk. "Mitochondrial bioenergetics and locomotor activity are altered in zebrafish (Danio rerio) after exposure to the bipyridylium herbicide diquat." Toxicology Letters 283 (February 2018): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.10.022.

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8

Bairaktari, Eleni, Kostas Katopodis, Kostas C. Siamopoulos, and Orestes Tsolas. "Paraquat-induced renal injury studied by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of urine." Clinical Chemistry 44, no. 6 (1998): 1256–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/44.6.1256.

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Abstract The herbicide paraquat (1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridylium dichloride; PQ), is a poison known to cause delayed mortality due to lung and kidney injuries. High-resolution proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy has been extensively applied in evaluating nephrotoxicity by the characteristic perturbations in the excretion pattern of low molecular weight endogenous metabolites. The application of the method allows the rapid localization of the renal injury noninvasively. In this study, we report 1H NMR and conventional clinical chemistry urinalysis in two patients suffering f

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9

Wong, Robert C., and Jeffrey B. Stevens. "Bipyridylium herbicide toxicity in vitro: Comparative study of the cytotoxicity of paraquat and diquat toward the pulmonary alveolar macrophage." Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health 18, no. 3 (1986): 393–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15287398609530880.

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10

Badli, Nur Afiqah, Rusmidah Ali, and Leny Yuliati. "Influence of Zirconium Doped Titanium Oxide towards Photocatalytic Activity of Paraquat." Advanced Materials Research 1107 (June 2015): 377–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1107.377.

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The heterogeneous photocatalyst based on titanium dioxide has been widely investigated as an attractive treatment method for water pollution. Herbicide like paraquat dichloride is one of the toxic organic pollutants which is harmful to human and animal and is still being used in agricultural sectors. TiO2doped with zirconium element has been proven to enhance the photocatalytic activity of TiO2from the previous study. Therefore in this study, photodegradation of paraquat dichloride (1,1-dimethyl-4,4’-bipyridylium dichloride) under UV irradiation was studied using TiO2and Zr doped TiO2prepared

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11

Shibamoto, T., and J. C. Parker. "Fructose 1,6-diphosphate augments paraquat injury in isolated dog lungs." Journal of Applied Physiology 71, no. 5 (1991): 1830–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1991.71.5.1830.

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Paraquat (PQ; 1,1'-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridylium dichloride), a widely used herbicide, causes pulmonary edema by a cyclic oxidation and reduction reaction with oxygen molecules with the production of oxygen free radicals. Because fructose 1,6-diphosphate (FDP) has recently been shown to inhibit the generation of oxygen free radicals by activated neutrophils, we determined the effects of FDP on PQ-induced increase in microvascular permeability in isolated blood-perfused dog lungs. Vascular permeability was assessed using the capillary filtration coefficient (Kf,c) and isogravimetric capillary pres

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12

Byers, T. L., R. Kameji, D. E. Rannels, and A. E. Pegg. "Multiple pathways for uptake of paraquat, methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone), and polyamines." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 252, no. 6 (1987): C663—C669. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1987.252.6.c663.

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The uptake of polyamines, methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) (MGBG), and paraquat [N,N-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridylium] into control Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and a mutant CHO cell line selected for resistance to the toxicity of MGBG was examined. In contrast to control CHO cells, the mutant cells had no detectable uptake of MGBG or any of the polyamines. There was no difference between the two cell lines in the uptake of alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB), which indicates that there was no general change in membrane transport processes. The mutant cells were also found to be resistant to the

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13

Maksuk, Maksuk, Tan Malaka, Suheryanto Suheryanto, and Abu Umayah. "Environmental Health Risk Analysis of Paraquat Exposure in Palm Oil Plantations." International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) 5, no. 4 (2016): 465. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v5i4.4852.

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Paraquat (1, 1’-dimethyl-4, 4’-bipyridylium dichloride) is a highly toxic herbicide. Recently, Paraquat is still used widely in the plantations area, mainly in palm oil plantations. Paraquat application continuously can be increased Paraquat concentration and contaminated in soil and water. This study aimed was to analysis Paraquat exposure in environmental media water and soil, and the calculation of risk quotient of Paraquat in palm oil plantation. The study design of this research was a cross sectional with the laboratory examination Paraquat concentrations in soil and water. Soil and water

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14

Maksuk, Maksuk, Tan Malaka, Suheryanto Suheryanto, and Abu Umayah. "Environmental Health Risk Analysis of Paraquat Exposure in Palm Oil Plantations." International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) 5, no. 4 (2016): 465. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/.v5i4.4852.

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Paraquat (1, 1’-dimethyl-4, 4’-bipyridylium dichloride) is a highly toxic herbicide. Recently, Paraquat is still used widely in the plantations area, mainly in palm oil plantations. Paraquat application continuously can be increased Paraquat concentration and contaminated in soil and water. This study aimed was to analysis Paraquat exposure in environmental media water and soil, and the calculation of risk quotient of Paraquat in palm oil plantation. The study design of this research was a cross sectional with the laboratory examination Paraquat concentrations in soil and water. Soil and water

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15

Maksuk, Malaka Tan, Suheryanto, and Umayah Abu. "Environmental Health Risk Analysis of Paraquat Exposure in Palm Oil Plantations." International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) 5, no. 4 (2012): 465~469. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v5i4.4852.

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Paraquat (1, 1’-dimethyl-4, 4’-bipyridylium dichloride) is a highly toxic herbicide. Recently, Paraquat is still used widely in the plantations area, mainly in palm oil plantations. Paraquat application continuously can be increased Paraquat concentration and contaminated in soil and water. This study aimed was to analysis Paraquat exposure in environmental media water and soil, and the calculation of risk quotient of Paraquat in palm oil plantation. The study design of this research was a cross sectional with the laboratory examination Paraquat concentrations in soil and water. So

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16

Okolonkwo, Benjamin Nnamdi, and Edna Ogechi Nwachuku. "The antioxidant effects of vitamin C on liver enzymes: aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotranferease, alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltransferase activities in rats under Paraquat insult." Journal of Xenobiotics 3, no. 1 (2013): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/xeno.2013.e5.

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Paraquat (PQ) is a bipyridylium herbicide; applied around trees in orchards and between crop rows to control broad-leaved and grassy weeds. Its oxidation results in the formation of superoxides which causes damage to cellular components. In this study, we determined the antioxidant effect vitamin C has on the liver enzymes [aspartate aminotransferase (SGOT), alanine aminotranferease (SGPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT)] of rats under this toxic insult. Male rats in groups (A, B, C and D) were intraperitoneally injected with different sublethal increasing dose

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17

Cserháti, Tibor, and Zoltán Szigeti. "Ions Modify The Strength Of Interaction Of Diquat And Paraquat With Some Proteins And Cellulose." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 46, no. 5-6 (1991): 428–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1991-5-615.

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The interaction of the bipyridylium herbicides diquat and paraquat with the proteins gliadin and human serum album in (HSA) as well as with cellulose and the effect of various ions on the strength of interaction were studied by charge-transfer chromatography. Both compound showed very similar behaviour. The ions decreased in each case the strength of interaction, the effect depended nonlinearly on the ion concentration and was of saturation character. Gliadin showed the weakest interaction. HSA binds the bipyridylium com pounds in an ion-dependent manner, the strength of interaction is higher

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18

Ibáñez, M., Y. Picó, and J. Mañes. "On-line determination of bipyridylium herbicides in water by HPLC." Chromatographia 45, no. 1 (1997): 402–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02505592.

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19

Xu, Huimin, Keren Xiao, Qiaojuan Zhang, Kunlun Huang, Gang Song, and Zhiyi Yao. "Rapid and Visual Detection of Bipyridylium Herbicides Based on Polyelectrolyte-Induced Nanoassemblies of Pyrenyl Probes." ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 8, no. 17 (2020): 6861–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c01870.

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20

Senesi, N., V. D'Orazio, and T. M. Miano. "Adsorption mechanisms of s-triazine and bipyridylium herbicides on humic acids from hop field soils." Geoderma 66, no. 3-4 (1995): 273–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-7061(94)00083-m.

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21

Darvas, Bela, Jan Zdarek, Tibor Timar, and Mahmoud H. Tag El-Din. "Effects of the Bipyridylium Herbicides Diquat Dibromide and Paraquat Dichloride on Growth and Development of Neobellieria bullata (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) Larvae." Journal of Economic Entomology 83, no. 6 (1990): 2175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/83.6.2175.

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22

Tomita, Masafumi. "Comparison of one-electron reduction activity against the bipyridylium herbicides, paraquat and diquat, in microsomal and mitochondrial fractions of liver, lung and kidney (in vitro)." Biochemical Pharmacology 42, no. 2 (1991): 303–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-2952(91)90717-j.

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23

Tanmoy, Dutta, De Amit, and Biswas Abhed. "A Study of Clinical Profile of Paraquat Poisoning and Predictors of Short Term Outcome in a Tertiary Care Hospital." International Journal of Toxicological and Pharmacological Research 14, no. 11 (2024): 81–88. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14562497.

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<strong>Background:</strong> Poisoning is a global public health problem. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that nearly 250,000 deaths occur globally due to poisoning each year, with pesticides alone causing 150,000 deaths. Most poisoning deaths occur in lower- and middle-income countries (LMIC).The number of deaths occurring from particular poisons or poison classes varies from place to place, and over time, as a result of changes in access, effective and timely medical management, preventative measures, and regulatory policies. Paraquat (1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyri

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24

Yadav, Nitu, Shelly Goyal, Nikita Bajaj, and Lakshay Bhalla. "Paraquat poisoning." International journal of health sciences, May 12, 2022, 5735–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v6ns3.7229.

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Paraquat (10-dimethyl-4, 40-bipyridylium dichloride) is the most common herbicide used worldwide. Due to its inherent toxicity and lack of effective treatment, it has high case fatality of more than 50%. Paraquat exposure through ingestion or inhalation leads to multi-organ involvement including lungs, CNS, heart, kidneys and liver. Treatment is mainly supportive including initial resuscitation, gastrointestinal decontamination, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and immunosuppressive therapy. We are reporting two cases of paraquat poisoning and their management in intensive care unit, of which on

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25

R S, Parvathy, Anilkumar Asokan, Karthika Asokan, and Hari Krishnan Somasekaran. "“THE SIP TO DEATH”- A CASE REPORT OF PARAQUAT POISONING." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH, August 1, 2023, 32–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.36106/ijsr/6801357.

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Paraquat ingestion is a leading cause of fatal poisoning in many parts of Asia, the Pacic nations, and the Americas [1]. Poisoning by pesticides is a major problem in low-income and middle-income countries. Paraquat is a toxic bipyridylium herbicide and its ingestion in a small amount can be fatal with toxic effects on the kidney, liver, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, and other organs(2 ). No specic antidote is available for this poisoning, and there is a dearth of evidence-based recommendations for the treatment (3). Here we present a patient who was admitted with paraquat poisoning, he had

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Aguiar, Antônio S. N., Luiz B. Costa, Igor D. Borges, et al. "The effect of water molecules on paraquat salts: from physicochemical properties to environmental impact in the Brazilian Cerrado." Frontiers in Chemistry 11 (September 19, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2023.1267634.

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Introduction: The green revolution model that is followed in the Brazilian Cerrado is dependent on mechanization, chemical fertilization for soil dressing and correction, and the use of herbicides. Paraquat is a methyl viologen herbicide marketed as bipyridylium dichloride salts and used (in low doses) to combat weeds in their post-emergence stage. It is a non-selective pesticide that causes the peroxidation of the lipids that make up the cell membrane, and when it comes into contact with foliage, it results in the death of the plant.Methods: The effect of water molecules co-crystallized in Pa

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Kumar Das, Bidyut, Arindam Bose, Nur Nabab Mollah, and Ankur Dasgupta. "PARAQUAT INDUCED BILATERAL SPONTANEOUS PNEUMOTHORAX-DAISLEY BARTON SYNDROME – A CASE REPORT." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH, October 1, 2021, 9–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.36106/ijsr/5009227.

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Paraquat (1,1-dimethyl-4, 4-bipyridylium dichloride) is an effective herbicide which is widely used all over the world and India is no exception. It is toxic to humans due to its redox activity which produces superoxide anions. Accidental or suicidal poisoning causes ulceration over the mouth and gastrointestinal tract and the majority of patients die of acute renal failure, hepatic failure and acute lung injury causing mainly lung brosis and consolidation. Treatment of paraquat poisoning is extremely difcult as it does not have any specic antidote. Treatment is mainly symptomatic. Very few

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28

Santos, Tatiele Pereira dos, Claubert Wagner Guimarães de Menezes, Carlos Henrique Batista, Eliane Souza Gomes Brito, Wagner de Souza Tavares, and José Cola Zanuncio. "Selectivity of registered pesticides for the corn crop on immature stages of Trichogramma pretiosum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)." Ciência e Agrotecnologia 43 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-7054201943020719.

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ABSTRACT Trichogramma pretiosum Riley, 1879 (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) is an egg parasitoid of lepidopteran pests in corn, Zea mays L. (Poaceae), in Brazil. Chemical products used in agriculture can be toxic to this biocontrol agent. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the longevity, parasitism and emergence of T. pretiosum parasitizing Mediterranean flour moth, Anagasta kuehniella Zeller, 1879 (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), eggs treated with herbicide solutions with the active ingredients (chemical group) atrazine (triazines), paraquat dichloride (bipyridylium) and nicosulfuro

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29

FAHIM, M. A., S. SHEHAB, A. NEMMAR, A. ADEM, S. DHANASEKARAN, and M. Y. HASAN. "Daily Subacute Paraquat Exposure Decreases Muscle Function and Substantia Nigra Dopamine Level." Physiological Research, June 16, 2013, 313–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33549/physiolres.932386.

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The use of the herbicide paraquat (1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridylium dichloride; PQ) which is widely used in agriculture is known to cause dopaminergic neurotoxicity. However, the mechanisms underlying this effect are not fully understood. This present study investigated the behavioral manifestations, motor coordination, and dopaminergic neurodegeneration following exposure to PQ. Male rats were injected with PQ (10 mg/kg i.p.) daily for three weeks. Rotarod systems were used for measuring locomotor activity and motor coordination. The effects of PQ on dorsiflexor, electrophysiologically-induced

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30

Williams, June H., Zandri Whitehead, and Erna Van Wilpe. "Paraquat intoxication and associated pathological findings in three dogs in South Africa." Journal of the South African Veterinary Association 87, no. 1 (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/jsava.v87i1.1352.

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Paraquat is a bipyridylium non-selective contact herbicide commonly used worldwide. When ingestion occurs by humans and animals either accidentally, intentionally or maliciously, paraquat selectively accumulates in the lungs resulting in the production of oxygen-free radicals, causing membrane damage and cell death. Intoxicated subjects typically show progressive and fatal pulmonary haemorrhage, collapse and oedema. In individuals surviving the acute phase, pulmonary fibrosis develops. Gastrointestinal-, renal- and central nervous system clinical signs may also occur. Owing to the lack of effe

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31

"Paraquat toxicity." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. B, Biological Sciences 311, no. 1152 (1985): 647–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1985.0170.

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Paraquat (1,1’-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridylium dichloride) is marketed as a contact herbicide. Although it has proved safe in use there have been a number of cases of poisoning after the intentional swallowing of the commercial product. The most characteristic feature of poisoning is lung damage, which causes severe anoxia and may lead to death. The specific toxicity to the lung can be explained in part by the accumulation of paraquat into the alveolar type I and type II epithelial cells by a process that has been shown to accumulate endogenous diamines and poly amines. When accumulated, paraquat u

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Sudirja, Rija, Mahfud Arifin, and Benny Joy. "Adsorpsi Paraquat dan Sifat Tanah pada Tiga Subgrup Tanah Akibat Pemberian Amelioran." Agrikultura 26, no. 1 (2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/agrikultura.v26i1.8459.

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ABSTRACTParaquat adsorption and Soil Properties on Three Soil Subgroups Due to Ameliorant ApplicationParaquat (Bipyridylium biclorida) is known as a highly toxic herbicide and quite widely used by the farmers. The material can be adsorbed by soil colloids and can contaminate soil and water. The study aimed to determine the ability of three of soil subgroups of different orders (Typic Hapludult, Typic Hapludand,and Chromic Endoaquert) to adsorb paraquat, finding the best kind of ameliorant in reducing residues, and studying its effect on corn crops. The study was conducted in two stages, namely

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33

Fishel, Frederick M. "Pesticide Toxicity Profile: Bipyridylium Herbicides." EDIS 2005, no. 14 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/edis-pi125-2005.

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This document provides a general overview of human toxicity, provides a listing of laboratory animal and wildlife toxicities and a cross reference of chemical, common and trade names of the bipyridylium herbicides registered for use in Florida. This document is PI-88, one of a series of the Pesticide Information Office, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Original publication date November, 2005.

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"Is The Toxicity Of Bipyridylium Herbicides Two-Fold?" Internet Journal of Toxicology 7, no. 1 (2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.5580/1425.

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35

BURKE, N., K. C. MOLLOY, T. G. PURCELL, and M. R. SMYTH. "ChemInform Abstract: ORGANOTIN BIOCIDES. 3. DERIVATIVES OF BIPYRIDYLIUM HERBICIDES." Chemischer Informationsdienst 16, no. 28 (1985). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.198528294.

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36

Okolonkwo, Benjamin Nnamdi, Edna Ogechi Nwachuku, Pascal Chuka Ene, and Chukwubuike Udoka Okeke. "The preventive effect of vitamin C on the cellular and functional integrity of kidney cells in rats following repeated exposure to paraquat." Journal of Xenobiotics 4, no. 1 (2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/xeno.2014.3945.

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Paraquat (PQ) is a bipyridylium herbicide that is applied around trees in orchards and between crop rows to control broad-leaved and grassy weeds. Its oxidation results in the formation of superoxides which causes damage to cellular components. In this study, we determined the antioxidant effect vitamin C has on the cellular integrity of kidney function in rats following repeated exposure to PQ. Ninety-six male rats, grouped twelve rats per subgroup (A, A<sub>vit.c</sub>, B, B<sub>vit.c</sub>, C, C<sub>vit.c</sub>, D and D<sub>vit.c</sub>) were i

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37

"Occurring the paraquat residues in various Nigerian." Water and Environmental Sustainability 1, no. 3 (2021): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.52293/wes.1.3.2932.

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Abstract: Because pesticides are ubiquitous and focused on the food chain, they are a substantial source of possible environmental danger to humans and animals. The highest extremely hazardous herbicides to be launched in 60 years ago is paraquat (1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridylium dichloride). Although most nations have prohibited or severely limited the use of paraquat (PQ), it is still used in others, particularly in Nigeria. As a result, the present study used a spectrophotometric method to look for PQ in some vegetables, crops, and fruits in Abeokuta that are commonly consumed. The presence

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