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Journal articles on the topic 'Biquad Filters'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Nadeem, Tariq Beigh *1 Sandeep Kr. Singh 2. Faizan Tariq Beigh3. "NOVEL OTA-C VOLTAGE MODE-CURRENT MODE BIQUAD FILTER." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY 7, no. 4 (2018): 464–652. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1228684.

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This paper introduces three new OTA-C universal biquad filters which offers almost all of the desirable features (as expected in a good biquad) simultaneously with any major tradeoffs. The two biquads (a VM-based biquad and a CM-based biquad) are combined efficiently to form a hybrid biquad that can be digitally controlled to convert into either of the two with similar responses. The workability of the new circuits has been well established by SPICE simulation results of their CMOS-implementable versions.

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2

Brtník, Bohumil. "Design of a Combined Filter to Reduce the Attenuation Decline in Magnitude Response." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS AND CONTROL 18 (May 4, 2023): 102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/23203.2023.18.11.

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Certain biquad filters structures are characterized by a reduction of the attenuation at higher frequencies, caused by the finite value of the output resistance of the operational amplifier. In this paper, the design of the combined BP filter without the described decreasing is discussed for which one possible solution is to replace one of the biquads with another biquad that does not have this property. The result is a combined filter from different structures. The methodology to design a combined BP filter without the described decreasing is described in detail with the parameters of such bi

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3

May, Phu Pwint Wai, Chaichana Winai Jaikla Amornchai, Siripongdee Surapong, Jaikla Winai, and Suwanjan Peerawut. "One input voltage and three output voltage universal biquad filters with orthogonal tune of frequency and bandwidth." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 11, no. 4 (2021): 2962–73. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v11i4.pp2962-2973.

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This research paper contributes the one input three output voltage mode universal biquad filters with linear and electronic control of the natural frequency ( 0 ), using two commercially available ICs, LT1228s as active device with two grounded capacitors, five resistors. The presented universal biquad filters can simultaneously provide three voltage-mode filtering functions, low-pass (LP), high-pass (HP) and band-pass (BP) without changing the circuit architecture. Furthermore, the first presented biquad filter provides low impedance at HP, BP voltage output nodes and LP, BP output voltage n

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4

Pwint Wai, May Phu, Amornchai Chaichana, Winai Jaikla, Surapong Siripongdee, and Peerawut Suwanjan. "One input voltage and three output voltage universal biquad filters with orthogonal tune of frequency and bandwidth." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 11, no. 4 (2021): 2962. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v11i4.pp2962-2973.

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This research paper contributes the one input three output voltage mode universal biquad filters with linear and electronic control of the natural frequency (<em>w<sub>0</sub></em>), using two commercially available ICs, LT1228s as active device with two grounded capacitors, five resistors. The presented universal biquad filters can simultaneously provide three voltage-mode filtering functions, low-pass (LP), high-pass (HP) and band-pass (BP) without changing the circuit architecture. Furthermore, the first presented biquad filter provides low impedance at HP, BP voltag

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5

Rahul, Singh, and Chandra Singh Chauhan Ram. "Power Efficient Biquadratic Filter designing using OTA." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 14, no. 29 (2021): 2448–59. https://doi.org/10.17485/IJST/v14i29.2293.

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Abstract <strong>Objectives:</strong> To present a power efficient Universal Biquad Operational Transconductance Amplifier circuit. <strong>Methods:</strong> OTA (operational transconductance amplifier) based Biquad filter is analyzed using three different simulated tools three different tools (CADENCE, XILINX, ORCAD and MATLAB tools) are used for designing the circuit. The 0.18mm CMOS technique is used using the Cadence tool for plan and reproduction. The same circuit has been implemented on ORCAD tool as well as Xilinx tool. <strong>Findings:</strong> The proposed Bi

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6

Wang, San-Fu, Hua-Pin Chen, Yitsen Ku, and Chia-Ling Lee. "Versatile Voltage-Mode Biquadratic Filter and Quadrature Oscillator Using Four OTAs and Two Grounded Capacitors." Electronics 9, no. 9 (2020): 1493. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9091493.

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This article presents a versatile voltage-mode (VM) biquad filter with independently electronic tunability. The proposed structure using one dual-output operational transconductance amplifier, three single-output operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs) and two grounded capacitors was explored to derive a new VM quadrature oscillator with the independent control of the oscillation frequency and the oscillation condition. The proposed versatile VM biquad filter achieves nearly all of the main advantages: (i) simultaneous realizations of band-reject, band-pass, and low-pass from the same a

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7

Wang, Bin, Qiangsong Zhao, Gong Zhang, Hongwei Zhang, Kaiyue Liu, and Xuebin Yue. "Novel Active Damping Design Based on a Biquad Filter for an LLCL Grid-Tied Inverter." Energies 16, no. 3 (2023): 1093. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16031093.

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LLCL filters for grid-tied inverters have been adopted to get better performance for the harmonics near the switching frequency than commonly used LCL filters. However, the resonant peak caused by a pair of unstable resonance poles of the LLCL filters is introduced and makes the system become unstable. In this paper, a biquad filter composed of a notch filter and a resonator is introduced to restrain the resonant peak. In this method, the resonance point and the notch point of the biquad filter are placed at the appointed frequency, and the resonant peak is transferred to the stable area by ph

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8

Centurelli, Francesco, Pietro Monsurrò, Giuseppe Scotti, Pasquale Tommasino, and Alessandro Trifiletti. "10-GHz Fully Differential Sallen–Key Lowpass Biquad Filters in 55nm SiGe BiCMOS Technology." Electronics 9, no. 4 (2020): 563. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9040563.

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Multi-GHz lowpass filters are key components for many RF applications and are required for the implementation of integrated high-speed analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters and optical communication systems. In the last two decades, integrated filters in the Multi-GHz range have been implemented using III-V or SiGe technologies. In all cases in which the size of passive components is a concern, inductorless designs are preferred. Furthermore, due to the recent development of high-speed and high-resolution data converters, highly linear multi-GHz filters are required more and more.

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9

Lombardo, Matteo, Francesco Centurelli, Pietro Monsurrò, and Alessandro Trifiletti. "Cascadable Complementary SSF-Based Biquads with 8 GHz Cutoff Frequency and Very Low Power Consumption." Electronics 14, no. 8 (2025): 1668. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14081668.

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Low-pass filters with bandwidths larger than several GHz are required in many applications, such as anti-aliasing filters in high-speed ADCs and pulse-shaping filters in high-speed DACs. In highly integrated applications, low area occupation and power consumption are key specifications, so inductor-less implementations are to be preferred. Furthermore, full CMOS implementations provide an advantage in terms of technology availability and cost. In this paper, we present an inductor-less CMOS biquad stage based on the super source follower topology that provides an 8 GHz cutoff frequency and a l

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10

Kumar, Umesh, and P. Bhushan Mital. "Design, Fabrication, and Comparative Study of Electronically Tunable Active Filters." Active and Passive Electronic Components 18, no. 2 (1995): 73–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1995/78209.

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The Kerwin-Huelsman Newcomb (KHN) biquad is the natural choice for use as a ‘universal’ filter building block out of the several existing 3-amplifier biquadratic filter sections based on the two integrator loop or state variable realization of 2nd order systems. A modified version of the KHN biquad, which is electronically tunable almost linearly over a decade range of center frequency, is presented. For electronic tunability, instead of the direct use of a FET as a voltage variable resistance to control the time constants of the integrators, a novel approach of using voltage-controlled variab

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11

SINGH, VINOD KUMAR, ABDHESH K. SINGH, and RAJ SENANI. "DUAL FUNCTION CAPABILITY OF RECENTLY PROPOSED FOUR-CURRENT-CONVEYOR-BASED VM BIQUAD." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 14, no. 01 (2005): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126605002143.

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This letter shows how, by simple modifications, the four-current-conveyor (CC) voltage mode biquad filter recently proposed by Singh and Senani provides dual function capability, i.e., the same circuit also yields all the five current-mode (CM) filters.

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12

KASIMIS, CHRISOSTOMOS, and COSTAS PSYCHALINOS. "SINH-DOMAIN UNIVERSAL BIQUAD FILTERS." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 23, no. 09 (2014): 1450134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126614501345.

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A family of current-mode universal biquad filters, realized using the concept of Sinh-Domain signal processing, is introduced in this paper. Both of them have the capability for operating in a low-voltage environment and, also, for orthogonal electronic adjustment between the resonance frequency and Q factor. Employing MOS transistors models from the AMS 0.35 μm process, the performance of the proposed topologies has been evaluated by exploiting the analog design environment of Cadence software.

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13

Kircay, Ali, and Selim Borekci. "Electronically-Tunable Current-Mode Biquad Design Using MO-OTAs." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 25, no. 09 (2016): 1650107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126616501073.

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In this paper, electronically-tunable, current-mode biquad is proposed by using multiple-output operational transconductance amplifiers (MO-OTAs). The proposed circuit has one input and two outputs. Without changing the circuit topology, low-pass (LP), and band-pass (BP) responses can be realized. The filter is realized by using two MO-OTAs, a single-output OTA (SO-OTA), a two-output OTA and two grounded capacitors. The biquad is designed based on first-order LP filter or lossy integrator blocks. The feedback block is applied to the filter circuit in order to obtain high quality factor values

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14

Freeborn, Todd, Brent Maundy, and Ahmed S. Elwakil. "Approximated Fractional Order Chebyshev Lowpass Filters." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/832468.

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We propose the use of nonlinear least squares optimization to approximate the passband ripple characteristics of traditional Chebyshev lowpass filters with fractional order steps in the stopband. MATLAB simulations of(1+α),(2+α), and(3+α)order lowpass filters with fractional steps fromα = 0.1 toα = 0.9 are given as examples. SPICE simulations of 1.2, 1.5, and 1.8 order lowpass filters using approximated fractional order capacitors in a Tow-Thomas biquad circuit validate the implementation of these filter circuits.

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15

Manandhar, Sagun. "Realization of the TOW-THOMAS Biquad Active Filter." KEC Journal of Science and Engineering 7, no. 1 (2023): 74–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kjse.v7i1.60542.

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The Tow-Thomas Biquad Circuit provides the filter designers with a valuable building block for building higher order active filters. It is a flexible circuit structure in which the transfer function properties are easily manipulated by modifying the passive RC elements that connect the operational amplifiers. It can be easily defined in its low-pass and bandpass operations. Above all, we can easily fabricate the possible filters inside a single chip with very slight modification of the standard Tow-Thomas Circuit.

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16

Bhaskar, Data R., Ajishek Raj, and Pragati Kumar. "Mixed-Mode Universal Biquad Filter Using OTAs." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 29, no. 10 (2019): 2050162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126620501625.

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This paper introduces an electronically tunable mixed-mode universal biquad filter configuration employing four single output operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs), one dual output OTA and two grounded capacitors (GCs) (ideal for integrated circuit implementation and absorbing shunt parasitic capacitances). The presented structure can realize all second-order filter functions, namely, low pass (LP), high pass (HP), band pass (BP), band reject (BR) and all pass (AP) responses in voltage mode (VM), current mode (CM), transresistance mode (TRM) and transconductance mode (TCM) using appro

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17

Freeborn, Todd J., Brent Maundy, and Ahmed Elwakil. "Fractional-step Tow-Thomas biquad filters." Nonlinear Theory and Its Applications, IEICE 3, no. 3 (2012): 357–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/nolta.3.357.

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18

Sim, P. K. "Design of orthogonal biquad digital filters." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems 37, no. 8 (1990): 1043–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/31.56090.

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19

Ajay, Kumar* Shatanjay Mishra. "DESIGNING OF BIQUAD FILTER USING VDCC." Global Journal of Engineering Science and Research Management 7, no. 4 (2020): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3747338.

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It is widely accepted that all filters can be fabricated with the help of standard operational amplifiers. It is mainly used for audio application. For the creation of higher frequency ranges modern active functional blocks have been used. Recently, various kind of functional building blocks have been implemented, out of them only versatile and functional building blocks are useful for voltage differencing current conveyor (VDCC). VDCC based continuous time active RC filters have gained more attention in recent time.  This branch of electronics having some useful advantages of the current

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20

Sánchez-Gaspariano, Luis Abraham, Carlos Muñiz-Montero, Jesús Manuel Muñoz-Pacheco, et al. "CMOS Analog Filter Design for Very High Frequency Applications." Electronics 9, no. 2 (2020): 362. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9020362.

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A design strategy for the synthesis of high-selectivity/low-order analog filters in Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) technology for very high frequency (VHF) applications is presented. The methodology for the reconstitution of a given transfer function by means of Signal Flow Graphs (SFG) manipulation in canonical form is proposed leading to a fully differential g m -C biquad filter. As a practical example, the design of a notch filter intended to suppress interferers in the lower sideband (400 MHz) of the Medical Implant Communication Service (MICS), in single-poly, 6-metal laye

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21

De Matteis, Marcello, Federico Fary, Elia A. Vallicelli, and Andrea Baschirotto. "A 28 nm CMOS 100 MHz 67 dB-Dynamic-Range 968 µW Flipped-Source-Follower Analog Filter." Journal of Low Power Electronics and Applications 11, no. 2 (2021): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jlpea11020015.

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This paper presents a fourth-order continuous-time analog filter based on the cascade of two flipped-source-follower (FSF) biquadratic (biquad) cells. The FSF biquad adopts two interacting loops (the first due to the classic source-follower, and the second to the additional gain path) which lower the impedances of all circuit nodes with relevant benefits in terms of noise power reduction and linearity enhancement. The presented device was integrated in 28 nm CMOS and featured 100 MHz −3 dB bandwidth with 67 dB Dynamic-Range. Input IP3 was 12 dBm at 10 and 11 MHz input tone frequencies. Total p

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22

KAELIN, AUGUST, and GEORGE S. MOSCHYTZ. "A NEW COMPREHENSIVE PROCEDURE FOR THE EXACT DESIGN OF CANONIC LDI-TYPE SC LADDER FILTERS." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 01, no. 04 (1991): 417–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021812669100015x.

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A new procedure is given for the exact design of canonic LDI-type SC ladder filters realizing any elliptic discrete-time transfer function, including highpass functions. We show that, in contrast to known exact design procedures, the underlying prototype network should be terminated with so-called half-unit delays in order to preserve the capability of realizing any filter type. We will show, based on such ladder prototypes, simple and stray-insensitive LDI-type SC ladder filters can be derived, which are canonical for any filter type (i.e., every filter pole requires for its realization one s

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23

Chang, C. M., B. M. Al-Hashimi, C. L. Wang, and C. W. Hung. "Single fully differential current conveyor biquad filters." IEE Proceedings - Circuits, Devices and Systems 150, no. 5 (2003): 394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-cds:20030468.

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24

Hsu, Cheng-Chung, and Wu-Shiung Feng. "Structural design of current-mode biquad filters." International Journal of Electronics 88, no. 1 (2001): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207210150198275.

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25

Fotopoulos, S. "Economical design of SC coupled-biquad filters." Electronics Letters 21, no. 11 (1985): 472–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19850335.

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26

Lee, Chen-Nong. "Multiple-Mode OTA-C Universal Biquad Filters." Circuits, Systems and Signal Processing 29, no. 2 (2009): 263–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00034-009-9145-0.

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27

Chen, Y., P. I. Mak, and Y. Zhou. "Mixed-integrator biquad for continuous-time filters." Electronics Letters 46, no. 8 (2010): 561. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el.2010.0544.

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28

Prasad, Dinesh, Mayank Srivastava, and D. R. Bhaskar. "Transadmittance Type Universal Current-Mode Biquad Filter Using VDTAs." International Scholarly Research Notices 2014 (August 19, 2014): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/762845.

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A new resistorless single-input-multi-output (SIMO) universal transadmittance (TA) type filter employing two voltage differencing transconductance amplifiers (VDTA) and two grounded capacitors is proposed. The proposed topology realizes simultaneously low pass (LP), high pass (HP), and band pass (BP) filter functions. Band rejects (BR) and all pass (AP) filters are also realizable through appropriate connections of currents. The proposed configuration also offers independent control of natural angular frequency (ω0) and bandwidth (BW) and low active and passive sensitivities. The workability o

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29

SINGH, A. K., R. SENANI, D. R. BHASKAR, and R. K. SHARMA. "A NEW ELECTRONICALLY-TUNABLE ACTIVE-ONLY UNIVERSAL BIQUAD." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 20, no. 03 (2011): 549–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021812661100744x.

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A number of configurations for realizing voltage-mode (VM) biquads using op-amps and OTAs have been presented in the literature, however, none of these provide the following desirable properties simultaneously: (i) realizability of all the five standard filters (namely; low pass, high pass, band pass, band stop and all pass), (ii) tunability of all the three filter parameters (namely; ω0, bandwidth or Q0 and gain) and (iii) not requiring any realization condition in any of the five filter responses. This paper presents a new configuration which does possess all the above mentioned desirable pr

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30

Tran, Huu-Duy, Hung-Yu Wang, Chin-Shiuh Shieh, Min-Chuan Lin, and Sin-Hong Lin. "Tunable Voltage-Mode Bandpass Biquad Synthesis Using NAM Expansion Method." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 25, no. 05 (2016): 1650048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126616500481.

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The synthesis of voltage-mode parameter tunable biquadratic bandpass filters using grounded capacitors is presented. To easily construct high-order filters, the synthesis of voltage-mode cascadable tunable biquadratic bandpass filters is also indicated. The synthesis procedure is based on the nodal admittance matrix (NAM) expansion method using nullor–mirror pathological elements. The synthesis of filters using grounded capacitors is considered since it is helpful for easing the elimination/accommodation of various parasitic effects for monolithic integration. The Q factor of the derived filte

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31

An, Fengyan, Qianqian Wu, and Bilong Liu. "Audio Compensation with Cascade Biquad Filters for Feedback Active Noise Control Headphones." Processes 10, no. 4 (2022): 730. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10040730.

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In active noise control (ANC) headphones, the audio signal is modified together with the primary noise if a feedback controller is used. Although this problem can be alleviated with an FIR model of the secondary path, practical implementations are usually restricted by its computational complexity. In this paper, cascade biquad filters are used to compensate for the modification of the audio system. Instead of using classical identification methods with an IIR model, the audio compensation problem is fixed through an optimization process. An objective function evaluating the comprehensive comp

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32

Ribner, D. B., and M. A. Copeland. "Biquad alternatives for high-frequency switched-capacitor filters." IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 20, no. 6 (1985): 1085–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jssc.1985.1052445.

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33

Shen-Iuan Liu, Jiann-Jong Chen, and Yuh-Shyan Hwang. "New current mode biquad filters using current followers." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Fundamental Theory and Applications 42, no. 7 (1995): 380–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/81.401150.

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Prasad, K. S., and C. Eswaran. "Limit-cycle free complex biquad recursive digital filters." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems 36, no. 2 (1989): 280–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/31.20206.

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WENG, RO-MIN, and MAW-HUEI LEE. "Novel universal biquad filters using only three followers." International Journal of Electronics 82, no. 6 (1997): 621–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/002072197135779.

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36

Laoudias, Costas, and Costas Psychalinos. "Universal biquad filters using low-voltage current mirrors." Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing 65, no. 1 (2010): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10470-010-9462-z.

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37

Krishna, V. V., and C. G. Hiremath. "Asymptotic equivalence of some adaptive biquad notch filters." Sadhana 23, no. 1 (1998): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02747624.

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38

Bose, Tamal, M. Q. Chen, and David A. Trautman. "Two's complement quantization in orthogonal biquad digital filters." Circuits, Systems, and Signal Processing 13, no. 5 (1994): 601–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02523186.

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Laoudias, C., C. Psychalinos, and E. Stoumpou. "1.5 V square-root domain universal biquad filters." International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications 41, no. 3 (2011): 307–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cta.802.

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40

Kim, Jungah, Yongho Lee, Shinil Chang, and Hyunchol Shin. "Low-Power CMOS Complex Bandpass Filter with Passband Flatness Tunability." Electronics 9, no. 3 (2020): 494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9030494.

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We present a low-power CMOS active-resistance-capacitance (active-RC) complex bandpass filter (BPF) with tunable gain, bandwidth, center frequency, quality factor, and passband flatness for Bluetooth applications. A transfer function analysis for a cross-coupled Tow-Thomas biquad structure is presented to prove that the flatness profile of the passband gain can be effectively controlled by independently tuning two cross-coupling resistors. The proposed biquad-based complex BPF was employed to realize a fourth-order baseband analog processor for a low intermediate frequency (low-IF) RF receiver

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41

Summart, Saksit, and Chanchai Thongsopa. "CDTAs Based Current-Mode Universal Biquad Filters with Orthogonal Control of Quality Factor and Pole Frequency." Advanced Materials Research 787 (September 2013): 501–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.787.501.

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This article presents current-mode universal biquad filters based on CDTAs. The filter circuits using four CDTAs and two grounded capacitors which are able to provide low-pass, high-pass, band-pass, band-reject and all-pass functions. The pole frequency can be orthogonally controlled from quality factor and the circuits have high output impedance appropriate for cascade connection application in current mode which is capable to directly drive load. This qualification is very appropriate for further development into an integrated circuit. The results of PSPICE simulation program are correspondi

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42

Radev, Nikolay, and Kantcho Ivanov. "A comparative analysis of two gain- and offset-compensated switched-capacitor integrators." Facta universitatis - series: Electronics and Energetics 15, no. 2 (2002): 295–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuee0202295r.

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Two high-performance switched-capacitor (SC) integrators which use different approaches for the compensation of the operational amplifier finite dc gain and offset voltage are considered. Analytical expressions for the gain, phase and offset voltage errors of the Baschirotto-90 integrator are derived and compared with the corresponding errors of the Shafeeu-91 integrator. Both the integrators are used as building blocks of a high-Q band pass SC biquad. The resultant filters are compared in terms of the percent deviations from the ideal case of the central frequency and the quality factor. Subs

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43

Centurelli, Francesco, Alessandro Fava, Giuseppe Scotti, and Alessandro Trifiletti. "Distributed switched-resistor approach for high-Q biquad filters." AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications 138 (August 2021): 153894. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aeue.2021.153894.

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44

Ikeda, C., Y. Horio, and S. Mori. "SC bilinear band-elimination ladder filters with extended biquad." Electronics Letters 24, no. 7 (1988): 432. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19880293.

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45

Biey, M., F. Montecchi, and A. Premoli. "Switched-capacitor cascaded-biquad bandpass filters from MCPER functions." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems 37, no. 10 (1990): 1304–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/31.103227.

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46

Kumar, P., and R. Senani. "A systematic realization of current mode universal biquad filters." International Journal of Electronics 93, no. 9 (2006): 623–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207210600711655.

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Liu, S. I., J. J. Chen, H. W. Tsao, and J. H. Tsay. "Design of biquad filters with a single current follower." IEE Proceedings G Circuits, Devices and Systems 140, no. 3 (1993): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-g-2.1993.0026.

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Roy, Suvajit, Tapas Kumar Paul, Saikat Maiti, and Radha Raman Pal. "Voltage Differencing Current Conveyor Based Voltage-Mode and Current-Mode Universal Biquad Filters with Electronic Tuning Facility." International Journal of Engineering and Technology Innovation 11, no. 2 (2021): 146–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.46604/ijeti.2021.6821.

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Abstract:

The objective of this study is to present four new universal biquad filters, two voltage-mode multi-input-single-output (MISO), and two current-mode single-input-multi-output (SIMO). The filters employ one voltage differencing current conveyor (VDCC) as an active element and two capacitors along with two resistors as passive elements. All the five filter responses, i.e., high-pass, low-pass, band-pass, band-stop, and all-pass responses, are obtained from the same circuit topology. Moreover, the pole frequency and quality factor are independently tunable. Additionally, they do not require any d

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Singh, S. V., R. S. Tomar, and D. S. Chauhan. "Single CFTA Based Current-Mode Universal Biquad Filter." Journal of Engineering Research [TJER] 13, no. 2 (2016): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/tjer.vol13iss2pp172-186.

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This paper introduces a new current-mode (CM) universal biquad filter structure with optimum number of active and passive elements. In the design, the proposed circuit uses a single active element namely, current follower trans-conductance amplifier (CFTA) and two grounded capacitors as passive elements. The main feature of the proposed circuit is that it can realize all five standard filtering functions such as low pass (LP), band pass (BP), high pass (HP), band stop (BS) and all pass (AP) responses across an explicit high impedance output terminal through the appropriate selection of three i

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Ma, Lan, Hong Bing Xu, Jian Xiao Zou, Meng Shu Li, and Tao Han. "A Hybrid Damping Method for LCL-Filter Based Grid-Tied Inverter." Applied Mechanics and Materials 734 (February 2015): 805–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.734.805.

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Abstract:

With more and more distributed renewable energy connecting to the power system, inverters are widely used as the power electronic interface. However, high-order filters will inevitably bring in problems of resonance. Additionally, long-distance transmission and quantities of inverters increase the grid impedance obviously. Wide variation of grid impedance will not only impact on the resonance of filters, but also challenge stability of inverters system. This paper investigates how resonance and stability of grid-tied inverter with LCL-filter will be affected by the grid impedance. And a hybrid

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