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Academic literature on the topic 'Bird deterrent'
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Journal articles on the topic "Bird deterrent"
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Dorey, Katherine, Scott Dickey, and Tony R. Walker. "Testing efficacy of bird deterrents at wind turbine facilities: a pilot study in Nova Scotia, Canada." Proceedings of the Nova Scotian Institute of Science (NSIS) 50, no. 1 (2019): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.15273/pnsis.v50i1.8874.
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Wind energy has become one of the fastest-growing renewable electricity sources globally, and this trend is expected to continue. However, wind turbines cause avian mortality when birds collide with these structures. Although regulatory agencies in many jurisdictions require post-construction bird mortality monitoring at turbine sites, resulting mortality estimates are often imprecise and under-reported. This uncertainty is often attributed to searcher inefficiencies or scavenger losses. Furthermore, data regarding the effectiveness of active bird mortality mitigation at these facilities are also lacking. This pilot study assessed mitigation effectiveness of visual and audio deterrents, using predator owl deterrent models and bioacoustic alarm and predator calls deployed at a wind turbine facility in Nova Scotia, Canada. These deterrents did not deter birds from wind turbines in statistically significant ways, in comparison to control sites. Whilst results were inconclusive, it would be prudent to continue assessing mitigative options to minimize impacts on birds, considering the expected growth of the wind energy sector in Canada.Keywords: Wind energy development; Wind turbines; Bird mortality monitoring; Bird deterrents; Bird mortality mitigation
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Spennemann, Dirk H. R., Melissa Pike, and Maggie J. Watson. "Bird impacts on heritage buildings." Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development 8, no. 1 (2018): 62–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jchmsd-07-2016-0042.
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Purpose There is much anecdotal evidence that birds and their droppings are a major problem for the heritage profession. The purpose of this paper is to examine how serious heritage practitioners consider the bird impact to be. Design/methodology/approach An online survey was conducted of 59 Australian heritage professionals of between one and >20 year’s experience in the field. Findings Bird impacts were not considered of major concern to buildings. The longer experience a practitioner had, the less likely the impacts were considered an issue. Feral pigeons were deemed the most problematic, followed by cockatoos, starlings, swallows, seagulls, mynas, sparrows, cormorants, ibis, ducks and birds of prey. The professionals ranked common deterrent methods. The highest-ranking deterrents were bird netting and bird spikes, but they were only considered moderately effective. The costs of installation and maintenance, as well the ease of installation, were all deemed significantly less important than the physical impact, the aesthetic sympathy and the effectiveness of a deterrent method. Practical implications This study indicates that the impact of birds on buildings in Australia may be of less concern than previously thought, and may be driven by other factors (i.e. aesthetics, commercial companies) rather than actual effects. Originality/value This is first study of its kind that surveyed the experiences of a wide range of heritage practitioners.
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Reilly, Timothy J., Ron G. Hounsell, and Robin Jamail. "NEW BRUNSWICK BIRD DETERRENT STUDY." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1997, no. 1 (1997): 908–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1997-1-908.
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ABSTRACT During October and November 1995, a bird deterrent device (the Marine Phoenix Wailer) was tested in Miramichi Bay, New Brunswick, Canada, for effectiveness in keeping scoter ducks away from juvenile mussel collector lines. Test results indicated that the Wailer was effective in excluding scoters from a circular open-water area within a 500-meter radius. The scenario tested provided a worst case situation for bird deterrent operations: if birds can be repelled from a strong attractant (i.e., food), it is believed that they may be repelled from less attractive areas such as oil-contaminated sites.
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Vikor, György, Bernd Disteldorf, Francis Wuillaume, et al. "Bird safety coating for architectural and commercial applications." Multidiszciplináris tudományok 10, no. 4 (2020): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.35925/j.multi.2020.4.8.
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Scientific observations conclude that modern buildings can cause a high number of bird deaths due to birds’ collision with glass windows and glass walls. There are many efforts to put bird-deterrent patterns on glass in order to avoid bird collision. To make the patterns environment-friendly and meanwhile invisible for human eye, we developed a special “first surface PVD coating”. This paper describes a design for bird-deterrent stack from sputter-coating processes, our method to improve the contrast ratio between coated and uncoated area, followed by some discussions on the tunnel-test results.
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Ronconi, Robert A. "Predicting Bird Oiling Events at Oil Sands Tailings Ponds and Assessing the Importance of Alternate Waterbodies for Waterfowl: a Preliminary Assessment." Canadian Field-Naturalist 120, no. 1 (2006): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v120i1.237.
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Tailings ponds are an integral part of oil sands mining development in northeastern Alberta, but waterfowl and shorebirds often land in these ponds during spring migration where they may become covered with oil. For decades, managers have developed and implemented methods for deterring birds from landing in these ponds, yet no deterrent strategy is fully effective. Therefore, to enhance deterrence strategies, it will be important to understand the environmental conditions that influence bird use of tailings ponds. This study quantified waterfowl flights over, and use of, tailings ponds and compared this use to waterfowl activity at natural waterbodies in the region over a single spring migration period. Results suggest that waterfowl are most likely to land on tailings ponds before lakes have thawed, after which migratory ducks appeared mainly to use natural waterbodies for migratory stopover sites. Very high numbers of waterfowl were observed on one waterbody, Kearl Lake, suggesting that this lake may be of greater importance to spring staging waterfowl than previously thought. A small sample of birds oiled at tailings ponds were examined in relation to spring weather conditions. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the probability of birds being oiled tended to increase with precipitation levels. Results of this study suggest that (1) preservation of natural waterbodies may play an important role in minimizing bird use of tailings ponds, and (2) future bird deterrence efforts should especially aim to deter birds during rainy weather conditions when birds may be more likely to become oiled. These results were from a small sample size, are preliminary in nature, and should be interpreted with caution. A concerted and careful effort to collect and thoroughly analyze long-term records of oiled birds may reveal important environmental effects predicting bird oiling events.
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Socci, Anne M., Marvin P. Pritts, and Mary Jo Kelly. "Potential Use of Sucrose as a Feeding Deterrent for Frugivorous Birds." HortTechnology 7, no. 3 (1997): 250–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.7.3.250.
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A mixed cultivar blueberry planting was treated with a concentrated sucrose solution before fruit ripening and after episodes of rain during the harvest season. Fruit losses due to birds were monitored throughout the season in this planting and in the same cultivar in a separate nontreated planting ≈200 m (650 ft.) away. Fruit loss to birds was ≈50% greater in the nontreated planting over the first 3 weeks of harvest. In addition, bird activity was monitored between 0600 and 0700 hr on two occasions in each planting during the early harvest season. Bird activity was many times higher in the nontreated planting. These observations suggest that sucrose should be tested more widely for potential activity on bird feeding behavior.
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Lindell, Catherine, Melissa Hannay, and Benjamin Hawes. "Bird Management in Blueberries and Grapes." Agronomy 8, no. 12 (2018): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy8120295.
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Bird damage to fruit is a long-standing challenge for growers that imposes significant costs because of yield losses and grower efforts to manage birds. We measured bird damage in ‘Bluecrop’ blueberry fields and Pinot noir vineyards in 2012–2014 in Michigan to investigate how year, grower, and forest cover influenced the proportions of bird damage. We tested whether inflatable tubemen (2013–2014) and a methyl anthranilate spray (2015) reduced bird damage in blueberries, and tested the deterrent effect of inflatable tubemen in grapes (2014). Years when crop yield was lower tended to have a higher damage percentage; for blueberries, bird damage was highest in 2012, and in grapes, damage was highest in 2012 and 2014. Neither blueberry fields nor vineyards with inflatable tubemen showed significantly reduced bird damage, although the blueberry fields showed a non-significant trend toward lower damage in the tubemen blocks. Blueberry field halves treated with the methyl anthranilate spray had equivalent bird damage to untreated halves. Our results correspond to previous work showing that percent bird damage varies by year, which was likely because bird consumption of fruit is relatively constant over time, while fruit yield varies. Fruit growers should expect a higher proportion of bird damage in low-fruit contexts, such as low-yield years, and prepare to invest more in bird management at those times. Investigating patterns of bird damage and testing deterrent strategies remain challenges. Bird activity is spatially and temporally variable, and birds’ mobility necessitates tests at large scales.
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Pennell, C. G. L., M. P. Rolston, D. Baird, D. E. Hume, C. M. McKenzie, and S. D. Card. "Using novel-grass endophyte associations as an avian deterrent." New Zealand Plant Protection 70 (July 25, 2017): 255–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2017.70.59.
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Birds can be major pests in agricultural and horticultural crops as well as being serious hazards to operating aircraft. Cultivars of perennial ryegrass, a hybrid ryegrass and tall fescue, associated with selected Epichloë fungal endophytes were evaluated in aviary and field experiments for their management potential of three nuisance bird species selected as model systems representative of major bird classifications based on their diet. Granivores, namely European green finches, ate more endophyte-free perennial ryegrass seed than endophyte- infected seed, while the representative omnivores, black-backed gulls, avoided endophyte- enhanced feed pellets. The selected herbivore, Canada geese, showed an aversion to field trial plots sown with endophyte-infected grass containing ergovaline compared with the existing ground cover. Therefore habitat modification using selected grass-endophyte associations offers an effective wildlife management option aimed at reducing birds in problematic areas.
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Pennell, Christopher G. L., M. Philip Rolston, A. David M. Latham, et al. "Novel grass–endophyte associations reduce the feeding behaviour of invasive European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)." Wildlife Research 43, no. 8 (2016): 681. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr16114.
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Context Small mammalian herbivores, such as European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), can have significant unwanted impacts on agriculture and horticulture and can attract birds of prey and avian scavengers to airports, increasing the risk of bird strike. Sustainable wildlife management tools that have high efficacy and animal welfare are needed to mitigate these impacts. Aim We assessed perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) cultivars associated with selected Epichloë endophytes, originally developed for bird management at airports, to determine their feeding-deterrent properties towards invasive rabbits. Methods A pellet feed trial using caged domestic rabbits and a pen trial using wild rabbits were conducted to assess rabbit responses to food pellets with novel endophyte-infected or uninfected grass seed and to plots planted with endophyte-infected or uninfected grasses, respectively. Key results Caged rabbits ate significantly less food pellets containing endophyte-infected grass straw than pellets containing endophyte-free grass straw. Wild rabbits consumed significantly less herbage from plots planted with endophyte-infected grasses than those of the equivalent endophyte-free grass cultivars. Temporal patterns of rabbit feeding behaviour support the hypothesis that deterrence in rabbits resulted from post-ingestion feedback associated with grass–endophyte secondary metabolites. Conclusions Although more research is required on the exact mechanism of action in rabbits, our results suggest novel endophyte-infected grass associations may substantially reduce rabbit feeding behaviour and possibly rabbit numbers in areas where these grasses are sown. Implications Novel grass–endophyte associations have great potential for deterring problem wildlife at airports and other amenity areas.
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Ocampo-Peñuela, Natalia, R. Scott Winton, Charlene J. Wu, Erika Zambello, Thomas W. Wittig, and Nicolette L. Cagle. "Patterns of bird-window collisions inform mitigation on a university campus." PeerJ 4 (February 1, 2016): e1652. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1652.
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Bird-window collisions cause an estimated one billion bird deaths annually in the United States. Building characteristics and surrounding habitat affect collision frequency. Given the importance of collisions as an anthropogenic threat to birds, mitigation is essential. Patterned glass and UV-reflective films have been proven to prevent collisions. At Duke University’s West campus in Durham, North Carolina, we set out to identify the buildings and building characteristics associated with the highest frequencies of collisions in order to propose a mitigation strategy. We surveyed six buildings, stratified by size, and measured architectural characteristics and surrounding area variables. During 21 consecutive days in spring and fall 2014, and spring 2015, we conducted carcass surveys to document collisions. In addition, we also collected ad hoc collision data year-round and recorded the data using the app iNaturalist. Consistent with previous studies, we found a positive relationship between glass area and collisions. Fitzpatrick, the building with the most window area, caused the most collisions. Schwartz and the Perk, the two small buildings with small window areas, had the lowest collision frequencies. Penn, the only building with bird deterrent pattern, caused just two collisions, despite being almost completely made out of glass. Unlike many research projects, our data collection led to mitigation action. A resolution supported by the student government, including news stories in the local media, resulted in the application of a bird deterrent film to the building with the most collisions: Fitzpatrick. We present our collision data and mitigation result to inspire other researchers and organizations to prevent bird-window collisions.