Academic literature on the topic 'Bird-houses. [from old catalog]'

Greenhouse gas (GHG) and ammonia emissions are important environmental impacts from meat chicken houses. This study measured ammonia (NH3), nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) in two trials from paired, commercial meat chicken houses using standard (control) and mitigation strategies. In Trial 1, emissions from houses with standard litter depth of 47 mm (LD47) or increased litter depth of 67 mm (LD67) were compared. When standardised to a 42-day-old bird, emissions were 11.9 g NH3/bird, 0.30 g N2O/bird and 0.16 g CH4/bird from the LD47 and 11.7 g NH3/bird, 0.69 g N2O/bird and 0.12 g CH4/bird from the LD67. Emissions per kilogram of manure N were 0.14 and 0.11 for NH3-N, 0.003 and 0.005 N2O-N and CH4 conversion factors were 0.08% and 0.05%. Total direct and indirect GHG emissions reported in carbon dioxide equivalents were found to be higher in LD67 in response to the elevated direct N2O emissions. Trial 2 compared the impact of reduced crude protein (CP19.8) and a standard diet (CP21.3) developed using least-cost ration formulation, on emissions. Emissions per bird for the CP19.8 diet were 7.7 g NH3/bird, 0.39 g N2O/bird and 0.14 g CH4/bird, while emissions from birds fed the CP21.3 diet were 10.6 g NH3/bird, 0.42 g N2O/bird and 0.19 g CH4/bird. Significant differences were observed only in the NH3 results, where emissions were reduced by 27% for the low-CP diet. Because of the low emission levels, total mitigation potential from indirect GHG emissions was relatively small in Trial 2, corresponding to 11 t carbon dioxide equivalents/year per million birds.

Incunabula are considered a particularly important part of the documentary heritage. 520 incunabula are preserved in eight different Lithuanian memory institutions. The engagement of Lithuanian libraries in the development of the international database of incunabula provenances, Material Evidence in Incunabula (MEI: https://data.cerl.org/mei/_search), intensified research on incunabulistics, as it led to a closer examination of the marks of the former owners. The article presents the latest data on the distribution of incunabula in different Lithuanian memory institutions, as well as analyzes various book marks that were not recorded in Nojus Feigelmanas’ catalog of Lithuanian incunabula or was revised and supplemented, and evaluates their significance in the printed book culture of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The analysis is performed using the provenance method, however is not limited to property marks, but also includes margins – marks left by a reader on the pages of books, and other marks not related to property or reading, providing significant information on book history, culture and peculiarities of reading at that time. In the 15th century, there were no printing houses in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, so the main spread of books was by trade. The entries with prices identified in the incunabula reveal a relatively early time of purchase of the incunabula and testify that the books in the 16th-17th centuries were an expensive commodity. They usually mention groschen, the common currency in the territory of Lithuania-Poland, less often – florins or ducats. In this case, the large variety of prices does not allow to draw more specific conclusions on the prices of incunabula in the relevant period, but these data as a source of book history will serve in general when studying the value of the old books and the circumstances of their acquisition. Purchase records usually also provide information about a former owner of a book. The article focuses more on lesser-known owners on whom new information has been found or existing data have been updated, attention is also paid to female donators. The article also discusses the records left by the incunabula rubricators, which allows to determine the period of the book entry into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, as well as to look at them as one of the first readers. Various inscriptions left by anonymous owners require the most effort. Entries of the 15th-16th centuries, mostly in Latin, many of which are abstracts of an existing book or notes on it, additions to the text, are still awaiting detailed reading and research. Identified Lithuanian words will be a valuable source of the language history for researchers of the old Lithuanian language. Various marginalia – reviews on a book, notes from everyday life, counting the year of the book, as well as graffiti, different drawings that can be seen as feather attempts, amateur illustrations, caricatures or even as an expression of reading boredom, will be an important material to describe a reader’s relationship to the book at the time, for which the incunabula, like books of other ages, were not only the object of study or research, but also a kind of notebook for important thoughts, synopses, everyday details.

A total of 20 broiler farms were enumerated to evaluate the production performance of broiler birds and farm management status at rural villages of Mymensingh Sadar (district headquarters) Upazila under Mymensingh district in Bangladesh. Data were collected on day-old chick weight (DOCW), live broiler weight at market age (MW), feed conversion ratio (FCR), average daily body weight gain (ADG), mortality up to age of marketing (MTRT) during June and July, 2014 using a pre-tested questionnaire by door-to-door visit. Seventeen out of 20 farms had broiler houses with gable type roof of corrugated iron sheet (CIS), all farmers were using rice husk as litter materials and electric brooder for brooding birds for 7 days. To minimize heat stress, 65% farmers used electric fan and drinking water, and to minimize cold stress quantities of litter materials were increased and vitamin C was supplied with lukewarm drinking water. Newcastle Disease (ND) and Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) vaccines were used by all farmers. Mean ADG, MW, DOCW and MTRT were 45.3 ± 1.2g/bird, 1581.6 ± 46.1g/bird, 54.7 ± 3.0g/bird and 5.2 ± 1.0%, respectively. Feed from two different companies had no significant effect on FCR and MTRT but feed company affected the ADG significantly. DOCW, farm size and farmer’s education did not affect ADG, FCR and MTRT significantly.Bangl. vet. 2014. Vol. 31, No. 2, 84-90

As is well-known, endemic island bird species are especially vulnerable to extinction from anthropogenic environmental change and reduced fitness compared with mainland taxa. The Cyprus Scops Owl, Otus cyprius, is a recently recognized island endemic species whose ecology and breeding biology have not been studied. It nests mainly in holes in trees and buildings, so the felling of old trees, modern architectural practices, and the renovation of old houses in villages may reduce nest site availability. Its population trend is also unknown. Therefore, to better determine its ecological requirements and habitat preferences we placed nest boxes in rural areas adjacent to the forest, in the forest, and in the ecotone between them, and used breeding success as our indicator of habitat suitability. We found that breeding parameters like laying date, clutch size, length of the incubation period, hatching day, hatching success, and number of nestlings did not differ between the three habitats. Despite the low level of nest box occupancy rate (5–11%) the endemic Cyprus Scops Owl readily breeds in artificial nests. Therefore, although we are unaware of any current threats to the Cyprus Scops Owl, we recommend that its conservation be prioritized, including studies, monitoring, habitat conservation, and the provision of nest boxes.

Art House Project (AHP) is an art project on the Japanese island of Naoshima in the Seto Inland Sea, run and financed by the Benesse Corporation as a part of the Benesse Art Site Naoshima project. The corporation’s aim is to support the economic and spiritual revitalisation of the archipelago through projects which combine art, architecture, nature and the history of the area. The centre of AHP is a number of old Japanese houses in the village Honmura on Naoshima, transformed into works of art by artists in cooperation with architects. Memory-related terms (such as “memory”, “history”, “communal” and “cultural memory”, tradition and heritage) appear regularly in catalogue texts and other publications on AHP, which leads to the assumption that AHP is connected to memory on several levels. Since the use of these terms is now very often in various contexts and can mark different phenomena, I will try to define the characteristics of the use of terms “memory”, “history” and “communal memory” as well as their role in the AHP. Within this I will show that these terms have a wide conceptual frame, which does not necessarily come from their theoretical definition – and that the semantically open term of memory has an important role in the wider context and goals of the Benesse Art Site Naoshima project.

Art House Project (AHP) is an art project on the Japanese island of Naoshima in the Seto Inland Sea, run and financed by the Benesse Corporation as a part of the Benesse Art Site Naoshima project. The corporation’s aim is to support the economic and spiritual revitalisation of the archipelago through projects which combine art, architecture, nature and the history of the area. The centre of AHP is a number of old Japanese houses in the village Honmura on Naoshima, transformed into works of art by artists in cooperation with architects. Memory-related terms (such as “memory”, “history”, “communal” and “cultural memory”, tradition and heritage) appear regularly in catalogue texts and other publications on AHP, which leads to the assumption that AHP is connected to memory on several levels. Since the use of these terms is now very often in various contexts and can mark different phenomena, I will try to define the characteristics of the use of terms “memory”, “history” and “communal memory” as well as their role in the AHP. Within this I will show that these terms have a wide conceptual frame, which does not necessarily come from their theoretical definition – and that the semantically open term of memory has an important role in the wider context and goals of the Benesse Art Site Naoshima project.

Diseases of poultry aspergillosis are recorded in many poultry farms, the causes of the disease are the violation of the sanitary and hygienic conditions of hatcheries and poultry houses (unfavorable microclimate, affected feed and litter by microscopic fungi). To prevent the development of infection, it is necessary to control air pollution and equipment in hatcheries; determine the safety indicators of feed and water (the level of their mycological contamination) in poultry houses; monitor the status of feed storage facilities and water supply systems. According to the results of our research, in 15.1% of dead chickens at the age of 3 to 5 days and 6.6% at the age of 7-10 days, according to the results of mycological examination of pathological material, the diagnosis of aspergillosis was established. Aspergillus flavus (47%) Aspergillus fumigatus (34.5%), Aspergillus niger (10%) were isolated from the lungs of dead chickens. Macroscopically revealed edema and hyperemia of the lungs in chickens of 3-5 days of age. The formation of granulomas in the lungs and serous membranes was not detected, which may indicate an acute form of the pathological process. Chickens 7-10 days old showed a strong thickening of the air sacs, lungs with multiple spherical granulomas up to 2 mm in diameter. Spores of fungi entering the lungs cause a local inflammatory reaction - acute pneumonia. Histologically, in chickens of 3-5 days of age, a thickening of the parabronchial wall due to hyperplasia of local lymphoid formations (providing local immunity), signs of the development of interstitial pneumonia were revealed. Pathognomonic signs were found in the parenchyma - the formation of giant multinucleated cells, which is a characteristic sign of mycotic infections in poultry. The fusion of local pulmonary macrophages, histiocytes, into multinucleated cells is a prerequisite for the formation of granulomas, being a specific immune response in birds to the penetration of a pathogen. According to the development of the infectious process, caseous granulomas and fungal hyphae can be detected microscopically in the lungs. According to the results of histological examination, the formation of mycotic granulomas was found in the lung parenchyma in 7-10 days old chickens, which was accompanied by the formation of a zone of coagulation necrosis, in which the fungal hyphae were found. On the periphery, giant multinucleated epithelioid cells are located, the detection of which by histological examination is the basis for suspecting bird infection with microscopic fungi. Microscopic fungi Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus fumigatus have been found in washes from hatchery ventilation cabinets, and Aspergillus flavus was found in the air from the chick sorting room and in washes from the feed mixer. Key words: aspergillosis, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, micromycete, mold fungi, histiocytes, granulomas, phylaids, conidia, hyphae.

AbstractA portrait of a young girl with a flute, painted by the Amsterdam artist Dirck Dircksz. Santvoort, has been in the Cleveland Museum of Art since 1975 (fig.1). An inscription on the back of the unsigned painting states that the portrayed child is 'Elisabeth Spiegel'. The museum catalogue relates this painting with two other portraits of children: another unsigned one of a girl with fruit (fig. 3) and a signed painting, dated 1639, of a girl with a dog and a mirror (fig. 2). A fourth work can be added to these three, a picture of a child with a bird perched on her hand, in the National Gallery in London (fig. 4). Contrary to previous assumptions that it was painted in 1630 or 1631, it can now be dated in 1639. The choice of attributes suggest, as was recently intimated by Peter Sutton, that these portraits belong to a series of the Five Senses, the Cleveland painting representing Hearing, and the girls with fruit, the dog and mirror, and the bird picturing Taste, Sight and Touch. The fifth sense, Smell, is probably symbolized in a painting in the museum in Rodez (fig. 5), showing a girl dressed as a shepherdess with a wreath of flowers. Parallels of all depictions of the Senses arc to be found in series of prints and paintings from the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Pictures of the Senses in portraits are fairly rare, and were of course only painted when a series of exactly five portraits was required, for instance by a family with five children. An investigation of the Spiegel family confirms the identification given here, yielding the information that in 1638/1639 Elbert Dircksz. Spiegel and Petronella Rocters had five daughters. The portrayed children are Rebecca (fig. 3), Elisabeth (fig. I), Petronella (fig. 5), Margaretha (fig. 2) and Geertruyt Spiegel (fig. 4), born respectively in 1625, 1628, 1630, 1631 and 1635. Evidence that the descendants of the sisters portrayed by Santvoort upheld the tradition of the Five Senses theme in the late seventeenth century is supplied bv an old inventory of a series of portraits of five children from the Slicher family. The respective mothers of their parents, Elbert Slicher and Catharina dc Hochepied, were Elisabeth and Geertruyt Spiegel.

HighlightsCompared to a human, a robot operated properly would not induce more fear in broilers.Bird age, robot operating speed, and operation frequency may affect poultry-robot avoidance distances.Broiler and hen avoidance distances decrease as the birds become older.Higher robot operating speeds increase poultry-robot ADs for broilers and white hens, but not for brown hensAbstract. Advances in robotics promote interest in applications in the poultry industry to reduce human labor; however, skeptics express concerns regarding potential animal stress stemming from poultry-robot interactions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the avoidance distance (AD), a parameter reflecting stress in an animal due to an approaching object, of broilers and laying hens to a human assessor and a robotic ground vehicle. ADs were determined for birds at different ages (2, 4, 6, and 8 week old broilers; 28, 47, and 66 week old brown hens; and 27, 46, and 70 week old white hens) in a commercial broiler house and two commercial cage-free hen houses. The poultry-robot ADs were determined at three robot operating speeds (0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 m s-1) and two operation frequencies (bi-weekly and daily, for broilers only). The results show that the overall poultry-human and poultry-robot ADs were, respectively, 48 to 82 cm and 83 to 110 cm for broilers, 54 to 87 cm and 114 to 131 cm for brown hens, and 71 to 76 cm and 92 to 99 cm for white hens when the birds experienced the robot on test days only. Broiler-robot ADs significantly decreased to 30 to 63 cm when the birds were exposed to the robot daily, reflecting less stress induced by the robot than by the human. Poultry ADs to the human and robot tended to decrease for older birds. Slower robot operating speeds led to shorter ADs for broilers at 6 and 8 weeks of age and for white hens at all ages but did not affect ADs for broilers at 2 and 4 weeks of age and brown hens at all ages. Slower robot operating speeds also reduced the bird fleeing speed (FS). It is concluded that the robot did not induce more stress than the human in the broilers. The baseline poultry-robot ADs obtained in this study provide valuable information for understanding poultry interactions with robots and may help optimize robot operations for application in the poultry industry. Keywords: Animal welfare, Avoidance distance (AD), Broiler, Laying hens, Robotics.