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Academic literature on the topic 'Bird spikes'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Bird spikes"

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Spennemann, Dirk H. R., Melissa Pike, and Maggie J. Watson. "Bird impacts on heritage buildings." Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development 8, no. 1 (February 6, 2018): 62–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jchmsd-07-2016-0042.

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Purpose There is much anecdotal evidence that birds and their droppings are a major problem for the heritage profession. The purpose of this paper is to examine how serious heritage practitioners consider the bird impact to be. Design/methodology/approach An online survey was conducted of 59 Australian heritage professionals of between one and >20 year’s experience in the field. Findings Bird impacts were not considered of major concern to buildings. The longer experience a practitioner had, the less likely the impacts were considered an issue. Feral pigeons were deemed the most problematic, followed by cockatoos, starlings, swallows, seagulls, mynas, sparrows, cormorants, ibis, ducks and birds of prey. The professionals ranked common deterrent methods. The highest-ranking deterrents were bird netting and bird spikes, but they were only considered moderately effective. The costs of installation and maintenance, as well the ease of installation, were all deemed significantly less important than the physical impact, the aesthetic sympathy and the effectiveness of a deterrent method. Practical implications This study indicates that the impact of birds on buildings in Australia may be of less concern than previously thought, and may be driven by other factors (i.e. aesthetics, commercial companies) rather than actual effects. Originality/value This is first study of its kind that surveyed the experiences of a wide range of heritage practitioners.

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Manihuruk, Santa Ramayana, Keliopas Krey, and Ursula Paula Maker. "TAHAPAN PERKEMBANGBIAKAN KUPU-KUPU SAYAP BURUNG (ORNITHOPTERA GOLIATH) DI CAGAR ALAM PEGUNUNGAN ARFAK." VOGELKOP: Jurnal Biologi 2, no. 1 (September 8, 2020): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.30862/vogelkopjbio.v2i1.53.

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ABSTRACT Butterflies are one of the natural resources and are part of the biodiversity that must be preserved. Efforts to patronize bird wing butterflies (Ornithoptera goliath) are an alternative in the preservation of bird wing butterflies which are presently endangered. Efforts to preserve bird wing butterflies (Ornithoptera goliath) have not been widely carried out and there is no data on the breeding stage because information about butterflies is not widely known. This study aims to analyze the stages of development or life cycle (from caterpillars to cocoons) bird wing butterflies (Ornithoptera goliath) in the buffer zone of the Arfak Mountains Nature Reserve. The method used is descriptive method with direct observation techniques in the field. The characteristics of the morphological structure of the young caterpillar recorded were small and short body shapes, the initial length is 0.55 cm and diameter is 0.15 cm, the whole body was blackish brown, there was a whitish yellow stripe on the back. There are soft spikes in all parts of the body and a pair of orange antennas in the head, head and abdomen in black. The morphological structure characteristics of adult caterpillars are elongated oval body 4,15 cm long and 1.25 cm in diameter. The head and abdomen are black, the whole body is black, there are soft black spikes all over the body, on the dorsal mid-body there is a white line, a pair of orange antennas on the head. Bird wing butterflies (Ornithoptera goliath) have a life cycle to cocoon for 48 to 51 days. ABSTRAK Kupu-kupu merupakan salah satu sumberdaya alam dan merupakan bagian dari keanekaragaman hayati yang harus dijaga kelestariannya. Usaha penagkaran terhadap kupu-kupu sayap burung (Ornithoptera goliath) merupakan alternatif dalam pelestarian kupu-kupu sayap burung yang saat ini mulai terancam kelestariannya. Usaha pelestarian kupu-kupu sayap burung (Ornithoptera goliath) belum banyak dilakukan serta belum ada data informasi tahap perkembangbiakannya disebabkan informasi mengenai kupu-kupu belum banyak diketahui. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tahapan perkembangan atau siklus hidup (dari ulat hingga kepompong) kupu-kupu sayap burung (Ornithoptera goliath) di daerah penyangga Cagar Alam Pegunungan Arfak. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif dengan tehnik pengamatan langsung di lapangan. Karakteristik struktur morfologi ulat muda yang direkam adalah bentuk tubuh kecil dan pendek, dengan ukuran ratarata 0,55 cm dan diameter 0,15 cm, seluruh tubuh berwarna cokelat kehitaman, terdapat corak bergaris kuning keputihan pada bagian punggung. Terdapat duri-duri lunak di seluruh bagian tubuh dan sepasang antena berwarna orange di bagian kepala, Kepala dan abdomen berwarna hitam. Karakteristik struktur morfologi ulat dewasa adalah tubuh lonjong memanjang, panjang 4,15 cm dan diameter 1,25 cm. Kepala dan abdomen berwarna hitam, seluruh tubuh berwarna hitam, terdapat duri-duri lunak hitam di seluruh tubuh, pada bagian dorsal mid-body terdapat garis berwarna putih, sepasang antenna berwarna orange dibagian kepala. Kupu-kupu sayap burung (Ornithoptera goliath) mempunyai siklus hidup hingga kepompong selama 48 hingga 51 hari.

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Köppl, Christine. "Frequency Tuning and Spontaneous Activity in the Auditory Nerve and Cochlear Nucleus Magnocellularis of the Barn Owl Tyto alba." Journal of Neurophysiology 77, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 364–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1997.77.1.364.

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Köppl, Christine. Frequency tuning and spontaneous activity in the auditory nerve and cochlear nucleus magnocellularis of the barn owl Tyto alba. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 364–377, 1997. Single-unit recordings were obtained from the brain stem of the barn owl at the level of entrance of the auditory nerve. Auditory nerve and nucleus magnocellularis units were distinguished by physiological criteria, with the use of the response latency to clicks, the spontaneous discharge rate, and the pattern of characteristic frequencies encountered along an electrode track. The response latency to click stimulation decreased in a logarithmic fashion with increasing characteristic frequency for both auditory nerve and nucleus magnocellularis units. The average difference between these populations was 0.4–0.55 ms. The most sensitive thresholds were ∼0 dB SPL and varied little between 0.5 and 9 kHz. Frequency-threshold curves showed the simple V shape that is typical for birds, with no indication of a low-frequency tail. Frequency selectivity increased in a gradual, power-law fashion with increasing characteristic frequency. There was no reflection of the unusual and greatly expanded mapping of higher frequencies on the basilar papilla of the owl. This observation is contrary to the equal-distance hypothesis that relates frequency selectivity to the spatial respresentation in the cochlea. On the basis of spontaneous rates and/or sensitivity there was no evidence for distinct subpopulations of auditory nerve fibers, such as the well-known type I afferent response classes in mammals. On the whole, barn owl auditory nerve physiology conformed entirely to the typical patterns seen in other bird species. The only exception was a remarkably small spread of thresholds at any one frequency, this being only 10–15 dB in individual owls. Average spontaneous rate was 72.2 spikes/s in the auditory nerve and 219.4 spikes/s for nucleus magnocellularis. This large difference, together with the known properties of endbulb-of-Held synapses, suggests a convergence of ∼2–4 auditory nerve fibers onto one nucleus magnocellularis neuron. Some auditory nerve fibers as well as nucleus magnocellularis units showed a quasiperiodic spontaneous discharge with preferred intervals in the time-interval histogram. This phenomenon was observed at frequencies as high as 4.7 kHz.

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Machač, Ondřej, and Ivan Hadrián Tuf. "Ornithologists’ Help to Spiders: Factors Influencing Spiders Overwintering in Bird Nesting Boxes." Insects 12, no. 5 (May 18, 2021): 465. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12050465.

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Spiders are common inhabitants of tree hollows, as well as bird nesting boxes, especially in autumn and winter. Some species of spiders use bird nesting boxes for overwintering. We investigated spider assemblages in nesting boxes and how temperature influences the abundance of overwintering spiders in nesting boxes in lowland forest in the Czech Republic. The study was conducted in the European winters of 2015–2017. In total, 3511 spider specimens belonging to 16 identified species were collected from nesting boxes over three years in late autumn and winter. Almost all species were arboreal specialists. The dominant species were Clubiona pallidula, Anyphaena accentuata, Platnickina tincta, and Steatoda bipunctata. Although the tree species had no effect on the abundance of overwintering spiders, the presence of nest material affected the abundance of spiders in the nesting boxes (preferred by C. pallidula and P. tincta). In general, spiders resettled nesting boxes during winter only sporadically, however A. accentuata reoccupied boxes continuously, and its activity was positively correlated with the outside temperature. Nesting boxes support insect-eaters all year around—birds during spring and summer and spiders during autumn and winter.

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Barbaro, Luc, Eric Allan, Evy Ampoorter, Bastien Castagneyrol, Yohan Charbonnier, Hans De Wandeler, Christian Kerbiriou, et al. "Biotic predictors complement models of bat and bird responses to climate and tree diversity in European forests." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, no. 1894 (January 9, 2019): 20182193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.2193.

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Bats and birds are key providers of ecosystem services in forests. How climate and habitat jointly shape their communities is well studied, but whether biotic predictors from other trophic levels may improve bird and bat diversity models is less known, especially across large bioclimatic gradients. Here, we achieved multi-taxa surveys in 209 mature forests replicated in six European countries from Spain to Finland, to investigate the importance of biotic predictors (i.e. the abundance or activity of defoliating insects, spiders, earthworms and wild ungulates) for bat and bird taxonomic and functional diversity. We found that nine out of 12 bird and bat diversity metrics were best explained when biotic factors were added to models including climate and habitat variables, with a mean gain in explained variance of 38% for birds and 15% for bats. Tree functional diversity was the most important habitat predictor for birds, while bats responded more to understorey structure. The best biotic predictors for birds were spider abundance and defoliating insect activity, while only bat functional evenness responded positively to insect herbivory. Accounting for potential biotic interactions between bats, birds and other taxa of lower trophic levels will help to understand how environmental changes along large biogeographical gradients affect higher-level predator diversity in forest ecosystems.

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Goldberg, Jesse H., Michael A. Farries, and Michale S. Fee. "Integration of cortical and pallidal inputs in the basal ganglia-recipient thalamus of singing birds." Journal of Neurophysiology 108, no. 5 (September 1, 2012): 1403–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00056.2012.

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The basal ganglia-recipient thalamus receives inhibitory inputs from the pallidum and excitatory inputs from cortex, but it is unclear how these inputs interact during behavior. We recorded simultaneously from thalamic neurons and their putative synaptically connected pallidal inputs in singing zebra finches. We find, first, that each pallidal spike produces an extremely brief (∼5 ms) pulse of inhibition that completely suppresses thalamic spiking. As a result, thalamic spikes are entrained to pallidal spikes with submillisecond precision. Second, we find that the number of thalamic spikes that discharge within a single pallidal interspike interval (ISI) depends linearly on the duration of that interval but does not depend on pallidal activity prior to the interval. In a detailed biophysical model, our results were not easily explained by the postinhibitory “rebound” mechanism previously observed in anesthetized birds and in brain slices, nor could most of our data be characterized as “gating” of excitatory transmission by inhibitory pallidal input. Instead, we propose a novel “entrainment” mechanism of pallidothalamic transmission that highlights the importance of an excitatory conductance that drives spiking, interacting with brief pulses of pallidal inhibition. Building on our recent finding that cortical inputs can drive syllable-locked rate modulations in thalamic neurons during singing, we report here that excitatory inputs affect thalamic spiking in two ways: by shortening the latency of a thalamic spike after a pallidal spike and by increasing thalamic firing rates within individual pallidal ISIs. We present a unifying biophysical model that can reproduce all known modes of pallidothalamic transmission—rebound, gating, and entrainment—depending on the amount of excitation the thalamic neuron receives.

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Tsai, Jean C., Bruce D. Zelus, Kathryn V. Holmes, and Susan R. Weiss. "The N-Terminal Domain of the Murine Coronavirus Spike Glycoprotein Determines the CEACAM1 Receptor Specificity of the Virus Strain." Journal of Virology 77, no. 2 (January 15, 2003): 841–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.77.2.841-850.2003.

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ABSTRACT Using isogenic recombinant murine coronaviruses expressing wild-type murine hepatitis virus strain 4 (MHV-4) or MHV-A59 spike glycoproteins or chimeric MHV-4/MHV-A59 spike glycoproteins, we have demonstrated the biological functionality of the N-terminus of the spike, encompassing the receptor binding domain (RBD). We have used two assays, one an in vitro liposome binding assay and the other a tissue culture replication assay. The liposome binding assay shows that interaction of the receptor with spikes on virions at 37°C causes a conformational change that makes the virions hydrophobic so that they bind to liposomes (B. D. Zelus, J. H. Schickli, D. M. Blau, S. R. Weiss, and K. V. Holmes, J. Virol. 77: 830-840, 2003). Recombinant viruses with spikes containing the RBD of either MHV-A59 or MHV-4 readily associated with liposomes at 37°C in the presence of soluble mCEACAM1a, except for S4R, which expresses the entire wild-type MHV-4 spike and associated only inefficiently with liposomes following incubation with soluble mCEACAM1a. In contrast, soluble mCEACAM1b allowed viruses with the MHV-A59 RBD to associate with liposomes more efficiently than did viruses with the MHV-4 RBD. In the second assay, which requires virus entry and replication, all recombinant viruses replicated efficiently in BHK cells expressing mCEACAM1a. In BHK cells expressing mCEACAM1b, only viruses expressing chimeric spikes with the MHV-A59 RBD could replicate, while replication of viruses expressing chimeric spikes with the MHV-4 RBD was undetectable. Despite having the MHV-4 RBD, S4R replicated in BHK cells expressing mCEACAM1b; this is most probably due to spread via CEACAM1 receptor-independent cell-to-cell fusion, an activity displayed only by S4R among the recombinant viruses studied here. These data suggest that the RBD domain and the rest of the spike must coevolve to optimize function in viral entry and spread.

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GAN, Wenjin, Fengxiang Liu, Zengtao Zhang, and Daiqin LI. "Predator perception of detritus and eggsac decorations spun by orb-web spiders Cyclosa octotuberculata: Do they function to camouflage the spiders?" Current Zoology 56, no. 3 (June 1, 2010): 379–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/56.3.379.

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Abstract Camouflage is one of the most widespread and powerful strategies that animals use to make detection/recognition more difficult. Many orb-web spiders of the genus Cyclosa add prey remains, plant debris, moults, and/or eggsacs to their webs called web decorations. Web decorations resembling spider body colour pattern have been considered to camouflage the spider from predators. While this camouflage is obvious from a human's perspective, it has rarely been investigated from a predator's perspective. In this study, we tested the visibility of web decorations by calculating chromatic and achromatic contrasts of detritus and eggsac decorations built by Cyclosa octotuberculata, against four different backgrounds viewed by both bird (e.g., blue tits) and hymenopteran (e.g. wasps) predators. We showed that both juvenile and adult spiders on webs with detritus or egg-sac decorations were undetectable by both hymenopteran and bird predators over short and long distances. Our results thus suggest that decorating webs with detritus or eggsacs by C. octotuberculata may camouflage the spiders from both hymenopteran and bird predators in their common habitats.

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Jones, Timothy A., and Sherri M. Jones. "Spontaneous Activity in the Statoacoustic Ganglion of the Chicken Embryo." Journal of Neurophysiology 83, no. 3 (March 1, 2000): 1452–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2000.83.3.1452.

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Statoacoustic ganglion cells in the mature bird include neurons that are responsive to sound (auditory) and those that are not (nonauditory). Those that are nonauditory have been shown to innervate an otolith organ, the macula lagena, whereas auditory neurons innervate the basilar papilla. In the present study, single-unit recordings of statoacoustic ganglion cells were made in embryonic (E19, mean = 19.2 days of incubation) and hatchling (P6–P14, mean = 8.6 days posthatch) chickens. Spontaneous activity from the two age groups was compared with developmental changes. Activity was evaluated for 47 auditory, 11 nonauditory, and 6 undefined eighth nerve neurons in embryos and 29 auditory, 26 nonauditory, and 1 undefined neurons in hatchlings. For auditory neurons, spontaneous activity displayed an irregular pattern [discharge interval coefficient of variation (CV) was >0.5, mean CV for embryos was 1.46 ± 0.58 and for hatchlings was 1.02 ± 0.25; means ± SD]. Embryonic discharge rates ranged from 0.05 to 97.6 spikes per second (sp/s) for all neurons (mean 18.6 ± 16.9 sp/s). Hatchling spontaneous rates ranged from 1.2 to 185.2 sp/s (mean 66.5 ± 39.6 sp/s). Discharge rates were significantly higher for hatchlings ( P < 0.001). Many embryonic auditory neurons displayed long silent periods between irregular bursts of neural activity, a feature not seen posthatch. All regular bursting discharge patterns were correlated with heart rate in both embryos and hatchlings. Preferred intervals were visible in the time interval histograms (TIHs) of only one embryonic neuron in contrast to 55% of the neurons in posthatch animals. Generally, the embryonic auditory TIH displayed a modified quasi-Poisson distribution. Nonauditory units generally displayed regular (CV <0.5) or irregular (CV >0.5) activity and Gaussian and modified-Gaussian TIHs. Long silent periods or bursting patterns were not a characteristic of embryonic nonauditory neurons. CV varied systematically as a function of discharge rate in nonauditory but not auditory primary afferents. Minimum spike intervals (dead time) and interval modes for auditory neurons were longer in embryos (dead time: embryos 2.88 ± 6.85 ms; hatchlings 1.50 ± 1.76 ms; modal intervals: embryo 10.09 ± 22.50 ms, hatchling 3.54 ± 3.29 ms). The results show that significant developmental changes occur in spontaneous activity between E19 and posthatch. It is likely that both presynaptic and postsynaptic changes in the neuroepithelium contribute to maturational refinements during this period of development.

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Atlegrim, Ola, and Kjell Sjöberg. "Effects of clear-cutting and selective felling in Swedish Boreal coniferous forest: response of invertebrate taxa eaten by birds." Entomologica Fennica 6, no. 2-3 (September 1, 1995): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.33338/ef.83843.

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Our aim was to analyse the short-term effects (0-4 years) of selective felling and clear-cutting on the food resources of insectivorous birds. Literature data on bird diets showed that herbivorous larvae (Lepidoptera and Hymenoptera: Symphyta) and spiders (Araneae) were used by 81 and 50%, respectively, of 16 bird species breeding in the Swedish boreal coniferous forest. A field study comparing selective fellings, clear-cuttings and uncut controls showed considerable effects of clear-cutting on both terricolous and field layer invertebrates. Clear-cuttings had significantly lower abundance and biomass, and a different composition of herbivorous larvae and spiders, as well as a lower total biomass of invertebrates in the field layer than controls. Drastic changes of abiotic factors (like increased temperature range) following clear-cutting may directly affect the occurrence of invertebrates. However, indirect effects (like increased sun exposure, affecting food plant quality for herbivorous larvae) are probably also responsible. Selective fellings did not differ from controls in the occurrence of herbivorous larvae and spiders. Therefore, over the four-year term of our study, selective felling seems to provide birds with conditions similar to uncut forest for invertebrates used by birds.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bird spikes"

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Herrera-Herrera, Jose Rafael. "Assessment of Organochlorine Pesticide Exposures in Riparian Ecosystems and Environmental Education in Southeastern Mexico." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1401975159.

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Harris, Emma. "Strategic interdisciplinary approach for non-lethal pigeon control on the University of South Africa's Mukleneuk campus." Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/22180.

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Often perceived as pests, pigeon control is applied without investigating environmental, ecological and anthropogenic factors which affect their populations and response to controls. Estate Management of the University of South Africa’s Muckleneuk campus identified a need to investigate and address a perceived pigeon problem. Staff perceptions regarding the presence and attitude towards control of the pigeons was undertaken through an online Survey Monkey questionnaire and semi- structured interviews until saturation was achieved. It was determined that the a s sumed negative perception towards the pigeons was in fact incorrect. Participants would rather encourage the nesting and breeding activities of pigeons on campus, as they felt that the human–pigeon interactions and viewing of squabs in nests contributed positively to their work environment. Participants did not consider the pigeons or their related activities to pose a problem. It was felt that should control be imposed, the birds should rather be humanely managed through non-lethal measures rather than eradication. Pigeon numbers on five buildings on the University’s campus were counted at dawn and dusk, every week, for two years. The first year provided baseline data and the second year was when control measures were applied. The study determined that the pigeon population index fluctuated seasonally while breeding occurred throughout the year, with notable peaks and declines relating to physiological and population dynamics. The pigeons seemed to make opportunistic use of crop availability in surrounding farmlands during optimal production periods, while conserving energy when not favourable. Site selection in relation to building aspect indicated significant differences in all the seasons except for winter, while a positive significant relationship between level height and pigeon number was recorded. Once the control measures were applied, the total pigeon index on the campus declined by 50%. Control structures differed significantly in efficacy. Bird spikes indicated the highest efficacy at reducing the pigeon population index and seasonality did influence this efficiency. Birds of prey and an audio bird scarer were used to compare actual versus implied predator presence, it was determined that there was an association between method of scaring and the number of pigeons observed on the different time periods. Pigeons were observed to continue the natural trend of dispersion and return at the dawn and dusk counts during the audio bird scarer trial without being actively discouraged or dislodged from the building. Pigeons reacted positively to the visual raptor presence, which caused them to take flight from the buildings. The visual effect was only temporary however as pigeons returned once the threat had been removed 10 minutes post scare. The studies concluded in an interdisciplinary management plan presented to the University Estates.
Environmental Science
M. Sc. (Environmental Science)

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Maas, Bea. "Birds, bats and arthropods in tropical agroforestry landscapes: Functional diversity, multitrophic interactions and crop yield." Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0022-5E77-5.

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Books on the topic "Bird spikes"

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Bird-eating spiders. Minneapolis, Minn: Abdo Kids, 2015.

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Bird-eating spiders. Edina, Minn: ABDO Pub., 2011.

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Gerholdt, James E. Bird-eating spiders. Edina, Minn: Abdo & Daughters Publ., 1996.

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Mike, Archer, ed. Yellow Bird, Black Spider. New York: Bloomsbury Children's Books, 2004.

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Mike, Archer, ed. Yellow bird, black spider. London: Bloomsbury Children's, 2005.

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Mike, Archer, ed. Yellow bird, black spider. London: Bloomsbury Publishing, 2004.

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Yassıada'da bir spiker: Gerçek bir hikâye. Kadıköy, İstanbul: Hitkitap, 2011.

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Gagné, Michel. The bird, the spider, and the octopus. Burbank, CA: GAGNÉ International Press, 2000.

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Prischmann, Deirdre A. Goliath bird-eating spiders and other extreme bugs. Mankato, Minn: Capstone Press, 2008.

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Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. Cleaning oiled birds. Horsham, West Sussex: Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Bird spikes"

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Dille, Glen F. "Of some particulars of the people called the giants, and of the birds, fish and other things that those of this armada observed." In Spanish and Portuguese Conflict in the Spice Islands the Loaysa Expedition to the Moluccas 1525–1535, 51–52. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, [2021] | Series: Hakluyt Society, third series ; No. 30: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003144472-8.

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Troy, Michele K. "Spies for England." In Strange Bird. Yale University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300215687.003.0003.

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This chapter focuses on Hans Otto's campaign against Albatross Press, highlighted by his attempt to portray Max Christian Wegner and John Holroyd-Reece as partners in deceit. It became evident to Otto that Albatross filled the vacancy that Bernhard Tauchnitz had left open. Albatross, he worried, “can make a mere cat's leap from Paris and work at the source against us, without us noticing anything at all or first noticing when it's too late.” Otto could see only one way to proceed: to play up Tauchnitz's German loyalties in hopes of keeping its German readers from defecting to Albatross. This chapter examines how Otto, who felt that Tauchnitz had been outwitted by a foreign power, planned his defense by invoking German nationalism, hitting the theme of national betrayal especially hard with the German book trade.

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Reynolds, Paige. "Bird Girls." In Modernism and Close Reading, 173–90. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198749967.003.0009.

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This chapter examines the gendered nature of the Joycean epiphany, and its refashioning by Irish women writers in the aftermath of high modernism. Turning to Kate O’Brien’s The Land of Spices (1941), Edna O’Brien’s Down by the River (1996), and Eimear McBride’s A Girl is a Half-formed Thing, the chapter argues that these works stage an epiphany that signals a perceived rite of passage promising to move the protagonist into some new form of understanding and experience—though importantly, these epiphanies and what unfolds in their wake are not necessarily characterized strictly by good feeling for female protagonists. Taking the ethics of close reading trauma as its central case in point, the chapter argues that slowly reading difficult texts like McBride’s trains readers to sit patiently not only with the discomfort generated by the intellectual challenges posed by modernist innovation but also with the suffering generated by human failing.

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Gannon, Anna. "Animal Iconography." In The Iconography of Early Anglo-Saxon Coinage. Oxford University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199254651.003.0010.

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Pagan Germanic art had favoured the representation of animals and invested it with apotropaic qualities. The new Christian animal iconography (Evangelists’ symbols, doves, peacock, the fauna in the vine-scrolls, etc.) was accepted and integrated into a tradition which saw it not as purely decorative, but as a potent symbolic image. It is not surprising that, just as in contemporary sculpture, manuscripts, metalwork, and embroidery, many of the reverses of the Secondary series show animals, real or fantastic. These representations must be analysed in the context of the culture of the time, and therefore as potential for metaphors. Whilst the gold coinage, following Merovingian numismatic prototypes, had crosses as reverses, the Primary coins of Series B introduced birds to this iconography. Birds will indeed dominate amongst the reverses of the whole of the early Anglo-Saxon coinage, and their importance can be understood in a Christian context. Several groups of coins sharing the iconography of a bust or head with diadem and spiky hair on the obverse, and of a bird surmounting a cross on the reverse, are gathered under the classification of Series B. Some issues have unintelligible legends on both sides, cordoned by a torque of pellets, sometimes snake-headed, and though they differ in details, their iconography is consistent (Fig. 4.1). Rigold regarded the coin iconography of the bird on a cross as original Anglo-Saxon, rejecting any Merovingian numismatic precedent. Conceptually close models may have developed in imitation of Roman and Christian standards or sceptres. Coptic bronze lamps present us with several examples where the reflector above the handle is in the shape of a cross topped with a bird (Fig. 4.1c), and there is also an interesting bronze lamp in the shape of a ram with a cross and bird on its head. Following Early Christian precedents, the bird on the coins can be identified as a dove, in a Christian context a symbol of the Holy Spirit, appropriately set on a cross. In Insular metalwork there are two three-dimensional dove-shaped mounts that may perhaps have similarly topped crosses.

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"THE GREEDY SPIDER AND THE BIRDS." In Hausa Superstitions and Customs, 265–66. Routledge, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315032993-43.

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"Einleitung." In Bild und Spiel, 1–15. Wilhelm Fink Verlag, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/9783846764329_002.

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"Prekäre Fundierungen." In Bild und Spiel, 19–28. Wilhelm Fink Verlag, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/9783846764329_003.

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"Unheimlich unbestimmt: Kurze Medientheorie des Untoten." In Bild und Spiel, 29–38. Wilhelm Fink Verlag, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/9783846764329_004.

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"Non-visuelle Dimensionen der bildlichen Formgenese." In Bild und Spiel, 39–55. Wilhelm Fink Verlag, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/9783846764329_005.

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"»Die Sache selbst evozieren«: Bildlichkeit im Spannungsfeld von Sprache, Fotografie und Film." In Bild und Spiel, 56–71. Wilhelm Fink Verlag, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/9783846764329_006.

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Conference papers on the topic "Bird spikes"

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Madasseri Payyappalli, Manas, and A. M. Pradeep. "Understanding Unsteady Flow Behaviour in a Low Aspect Ratio Contra-Rotating Axial Fan Under Radially Distorted Inflow." In ASME Turbo Expo 2019: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2019-90252.

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Abstract Contra-rotation has several advantages like swirl-free discharge, high pressure-rise per stage, and possibility of operating both the rotors at different speeds. With these merits, contra-rotating fan emerges as a competent technology for future gas turbine engines. During operation, gas turbine engines undergo situations like high angle of attack manoeuvres, large cross-winds, bird-hits, etc. which distort the flow at the inlet of the engine. A thorough understanding of the effect of distortion on low aspect ratio contra-rotating fans is missing in literature. This paper reports the consequences of radial distortion on the performance of a low aspect ratio contra-rotating fan. The uniform inlet flow is distorted radially using wire mesh screens. The unsteady data obtained from high response pressure sensors are analysed using Discrete Spatial Fourier Series (DSFS) and Morlet wavelet transform. Both Long Length Scale Disturbances (LLSD) or modal waves and Short Length Scale Disturbances (SLSD) or spikes are observed for different inflow conditions. The stage stalls primarily due to the instabilities arising at the tip region of rotor-1. Rotor-2 shows poor coherence in the disturbances prior to stall compared to that of rotor-1. Tip-distorted flow is dominated with SLSDs in the pre-stall region and hence a stall precursor is not observed whereas clean and hub-distorted flows show prominent LLSDs prior to stall. The radial distortions get redistributed at the exit of rotor-1 and hence, the distorted inflows do not severely lead to instabilities on rotor-2. In summary, this work explains in detail the development of unsteady flow phenomena occurring in a low-aspect ratio contra-rotating fan stage leading to stall and the way in which the system responds to it.

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Lorenz, Eckehard, Klaus Briess, Winfried Halle, Dieter Oertel, Wolfgang Skrbek, and Boris Zhukov. "Objectives and results of the BIRD mission." In Optical Science and Technology, SPIE's 48th Annual Meeting, edited by William L. Barnes. SPIE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.504484.

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Lundin, Patrik, Mikkel Brydegaard, Lorenzo Cocola, Anna Runemark, Susanne Åkesson, and Sune Svanberg. "Passive unmanned sky spectroscopy for remote bird classification." In SPIE Remote Sensing, edited by Christopher M. U. Neale and Antonino Maltese. SPIE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.898468.

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Wissa, Aimy, Yashwanth Tummala, James E. Hubbard, Mary Frecker, and Alexander Brown. "Testing of Novel Compliant Spines for Passive Wing Morphing." In ASME 2011 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2011-5198.

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Flapping wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) or ornithopters are proliferating in both the civil and military markets. Ornithopters have the potential to combine the agility and maneuverability of rotary wing aircraft with excellent performance in low Reynolds number flight regimes. These traits promise optimized performance over multiple mission scenarios. Nature achieves this broad performance in birds using wing gaits that are optimized for a particular flight regime. The goal of this work is to improve the performance of ornithopters during steady level flight by passively implementing the Continuous Vortex Gait (CVG) found in natural avian flyers. In this paper we present new experimental results for a one degree of freedom (1DOF) compliant spine which was inserted into an experimental test ornithopter leading edge wing spar in order to achieve the desired kinematics. The lift and thrust along with electric power metrics at different flapping frequencies were measured using a six-channel load cell and a current senor, respectively. These metrics were determined for the test ornithopter both with and without the compliant spine insert. Initial results validate the ability of our compliant spine design to withstand the loads seen during flight at flapping frequencies of up to and including 5 Hz. For the ornithopter test platform used in the study, inserting the compliant spines into the wing leading edge spar accurately simulates the CVG increasing the mean lift by 16%, and reducing the power consumed by 45% without incurring any thrust penalties.

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Vogel, Holger, Mario Muenzberg, Harry Schlemmer, Hubertus Haan, Paul Baader, Klaus Herden, Basel Fardi, and Jan Schlosshauer. "Stationary early warning system for bird strike prevention in aviation." In SPIE Defense, Security, and Sensing. SPIE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.818712.

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McMichael, R. T., M. W. Noble, D. Adams, P. Bernasconi, H. Borowski, R. Bupp, A. F. Cheng, et al. "BRRISON IR Camera (BIRC)." In SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, edited by Larry M. Stepp, Roberto Gilmozzi, and Helen J. Hall. SPIE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2057619.

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Ting, David Z., Alexander Soibel, Cory J. Hill, Sam A. Keo, Jason M. Mumolo, and Sarath D. Gunapala. "High operating temperature midwave quantum dot barrier infrared detector (QD-BIRD)." In SPIE Defense, Security, and Sensing, edited by Bjørn F. Andresen, Gabor F. Fulop, and Paul R. Norton. SPIE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.920685.

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Smith, James A., and Jill L. Deppe. "Space-based ornithology: studying bird migration and environmental change in North America." In SPIE Remote Sensing, edited by Christopher M. U. Neale, Manfred Owe, and Guido D'Urso. SPIE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.801243.

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Figueiredo, Luís, João Sousa, Luís Monteiro, João Mendonça, and José Machado. "Innovative Mechatronic Approach to Redesign a Punch and Bind Machine." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-67154.

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This paper focuses on the redesign of an innovative punch and bind machine. Business machines can be integrated with recent technology that enables productivity and efficiency. Integrating smart technologies in the existing traditional business machines will ease the evolution of these systems. The creation of a pilot platform is required, which enables further developments on servitization. In order to ease and increase the office document binding rate, as well as reduce the probability of errors to occur, efforts were made to develop a measuring system which allows the correct measurement of the document and simultaneously specify the appropriate binding spine. Developments were made in a system that allows the inserted spine verification. In addition, a system for automated document binding, with the correct position of paper sheets was developed. The integrated platform allowing communication between all systems is presented. The new system has several advantages in both its hardware design and its underlying sensors, providing a significant improvement in performance and upgradability over existing systems. The mechatronic system combines mechanical position sensing with electronics implementation of the hardware and the basic algorithms. This solution consists in a system that allows the punch and bind optimization of a range of sheets of paper, plastic or other materials.

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Münzberg, M., A. Schilling, H. Schlemmer, H. Vogel, H. Cramer, and J. Schlosshauer. "The infrared-based early warning system for bird strike prevention at Frankfurt airport." In SPIE Defense, Security, and Sensing, edited by Bjørn F. Andresen, Gabor F. Fulop, and Paul R. Norton. SPIE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.884534.

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Reports on the topic "Bird spikes"

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Paul, Satashree. Importance of Mini-Antibodies in COVID-19. Spring Library, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47496/sl.blog.21.

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