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1
Kirkland, Shauna. "Birds of Prey." VCU Scholars Compass, 2013. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3019.
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As a child growing up, I was always in love with the ritual of “dress up”. Whether it was my dolls, various reluctant pets, or myself, it was always an activity I loved. It is not surprising then that adornment has become the medium through which I express myself and bring my fantasy world to life. Jewelry and accessory have the potential to lead many lives. One particular piece can change entirely by putting it on one body as opposed to another, or by removing it to see it as an object. In fashion, the body is the canvas and the runway becomes the moment of performance. My work uses the body in much the same way where the wearer becomes performer. Through this act, we construct personal forms of armor, or “power suits”, to face the battlefield of the outside world. In harnessing this act of adorning and what it encompasses, I am consistently challenged as both designer and maker. Creating alter egos, whether subtly flirtatious or overtly sexual, demure or flamboyant, are some of the many ways in which these “power suits” can be concocted. The stories we project about ourselves daily, through how we adorn our naked bodies, become empowering. Myths versus reality, ascetic versus sensual, and beautiful versus ugly are some of the concepts from which I draw inspiration. These dualities are conceptually expressed in my work through physical combinations of opposing materials. Mixing mediums, through methods such as collaging, beading, needlepointing, knitting, and sewing, are integral in my designs. With alternative materials, such as feathers, textiles, and yarns, I add softness and new scintillating sensations when juxtaposed with the hard, cold qualities of metal. Through combining such materials, I construct pieces that not only challenge one’s notion of what “pretty” is, but also inspire the way one thinks about body adornment. The objects I create become vessels that actualize the dualities I strive to express. In producing hybrids of materials, my need to explore these dichotomies is satisfied.
2
May, Celia A. "VNTR studies of birds of prey." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358003.
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Brighton, Caroline. "Attack strategies in birds of prey." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4e8afdec-3b7b-43b1-a693-166d114c827f.
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Pursuit behaviours are vital in predator-prey interactions and in courtship for many flying animals. Existing research on target-directed flight behaviours in insects, birds and bats has aimed at identifying simple geometric rules describing the pursuit-flight trajectories. However, these geometric rules are only part of the picture as they only consider the outcome of the commanded changes in flight kinematics, and not the underlying guidance laws (dynamics) which generate these commands. To intercept a target, a pursuer implements a guidance law using sensory feedback to determine the required change in flight velocity, and the resulting kinematics determines the flight geometry. Most of the research until recently has examined insect flight systems, as the ethics of working with birds of prey are more complex and measuring their wide-ranging flight trajectories is difficult. Studies of predator-prey pursuit in birds have only described the geometrical rules for target interception, therefore overlooking the guidance laws which implement them. Therefore the aim of this thesis is to complete the picture by identifying the guidance laws used by birds of prey as they pursue and intercept targets both in the air and on the ground. I used onboard cameras and GPS to study attack flights in peregrine falcons (Falco peregrinus), and high-speed ground photogrammetry for attacks in Harris' hawks (Parabuteo unicinctus), to show that two different raptor species effectively implement the same guidance law of pure proportional navigation for intercepting manouevring and non-manouevring prey-targets. Proportional navigation is a feedback law whereby the bird's line-of-sight rate is fed back, in order to command a turn-rate in proportion to the change in line-of-sight rate, with a constant of proportionality N. Harris' hawks were found to use this guidance law in its simplest case with an N of approximately 1. This amounts to a pure pursuit course, meaning the bird maintains a heading angle of zero at all times (its velocity vector points at the target). Peregrine falcons were found to use a variety of values of N resulting in a quicker path to interception. A remarkable feature of most bird of prey eyes is that they possess two regions of high visual acuity - the shallow and deep foveae. The deep fovea is optimised for long-range vision, and is directed at approximately 45° to the side of the head. It has been proposed that the head is held in line with the body for streamlining, while the body is turned in flight to fixate the image of the prey on the deep fovea, resulting in a curved trajectory. My results contradict this theory, as falcons were seen to use saccadic head movements to maintain the image of the prey in their field of view whilst flying along curved trajectories - suggesting a different visual strategy. I provide the first quantitative analysis of how birds are able to guide their flight for successful prey capture. Not only does this provide new insights into animal behaviour and evolution, but this research has many applications in engineering, where there is a wide and growing interest in vision-based approaches to guidance and control in both civil and military spheres.
4
Reif, V. (Vitali). "Birds of prey and grouse in Finland:do avian predators limit or regulate their prey numbers?" Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2008. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514288050.
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Relationships between predators and prey may affect population dynamics of both parties. Predators may also serve as a link between populations of different prey, e.g., small game and small mammals. I used available data on the diet and reproduction of birds of prey (mainly common buzzards Buteo buteo and goshawks Accipiter gentilis) and video surveillance of their nests, as well as multiannual data on numbers of grouse and small mammals for studying food habits and population dynamics of raptors and their links with population fluctuations of voles and grouse (capercaillie Tetrao urogallus, black grouse Tetrao tetrix and hazel grouse Bonasa bonasia) in western Finland during 1980–1990s when grouse and vole numbers fluctuated in regular cycles.
Microtus voles were the main prey of the buzzards which partly switched their diet to small game (juvenile grouse and hares) in years when vole numbers declined. The nesting rate of buzzards also correlated with vole abundance, but the productivity rate and brood size tended to lag behind the vole cycle. This mismatch between the buzzards' functional and numerical responses resulted in a fairly small impact of buzzards on juvenile grouse, which did not correlate with vole density. The productivity of goshawks followed the fluctuations of grouse density closely whereas the occupancy rate of goshawk territories did so with a two-year lag. The annual numerical ratio of goshawk to grouse was inversely related to grouse density, suggesting that this predator may be a destabilising factor for grouse population dynamics. However, the goshawks' kill rate of grouse showed no clear relations to grouse density. In June–July, these birds of prey (including hen harriers Circus cyaneus) usually killed a relatively small number of grouse chicks. Losses to raptors constituted up to one quarter of grouse juvenile mortality during the two months. We did not find a strong effect of avian predators on grouse juvenile mortality. In boreal forests, predators and other factors of grouse mortality do not operate as one, and there is probably no single factor responsible for the reproductive success of grouse.
5
Davison, Bruce. "Raptor communities in hill habitats in south-eastern Zimbabwe." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005438.
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The interrelationships between species composition, resource-use and availability, breeding and competition were studied in two hill habitat raptor communities in a conserved reserve and an unprotected communal land in Zimbabwe in 1995 and 1996. The conserved Lonestar Study Area (LSA) and the unprotected Communal Land Study area (CLSA) had 38 and 31 raptor species, high and normal diversities for the area sizes respectively. An estimated 147 pairs of 21 raptor species bred in 40km² in the LSA compared to only 26 pairs of 22 raptor species per 40km² in the CLSA. Six species (African Hawk Eagle Hieraaetus spilogaster, Black Eagle Aquila verreauxii, Crowned Eagle Stephanoaetus coronatus, Little Banded Goshawk Accipiter badius, Barn Owl Tyto alba,and Barred Owl Glancidium capense made up 69% of breeding raptors in the LSA, while African Hawk Eagles, Little Banded Goshawks, Barn Owls and Barred Owls made up 58% of the breeding raptors in the CLSA. The abundance of Black, Crowned and African Hawk Eagles in the LSA was linked to abundant hyrax, Heterohyrax brucei and Procavia capensis and juvenile bushbuck Tragelaphus prey, and the high reproduction rates of Natal Francolin Francolinus natalensis (0.7 per ha when not breeding). Little Banded Goshawk and Barn Owl abundances were linked to their ability to change prey preferences according to prey availability. A fairly high rate of breeding attempts by eagles in the LSA in both years (60 - 76% of all pairs per year)was probably also linked to prey abundance, Most breeding failures were predator related, and were more common in areas of relatively low nesting densities indicating lower parental vigilance there. High eagle breeding densities were associated with small mean territory sizes in the LSA (7.7 - 10.7km² for the main eagle species). Eagles in the LSA usually nested closer to another eagle species than a conspecific, resulting in regular distributions of nests and no territory overlap within species. Differences in daily flight activity of eagles in both study areas, and in the onset of breeding between LSA eagles probably reduced interspecific aggression. Interspecific competition food and nest sites amongst LSA eagles was possibly lessened by slight ditferences in resource selection. Raptor resources were mostly unaffected by human activities in either study area during the study period. Differences in the raptor communities were probably as a result of natural habitat differences. The CLSA raptors potentially face resource loss through forest clearing and hunting. An expansion of the present CAMPFIRE program will protect the CLSA raptors.
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Chapman, Carin. "The Isle of Flightless Birds: A Concise History." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2014. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1898.
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Rheams, Genevieve A. "We Will Plant Birds of Paradise." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2019. https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2703.
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Appleby, Bridget Marion. "The behaviour and ecology of the tawny owl Strix aluco." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308633.
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Palma, Cristián R. (Cristián Ricardo). "The use of tarsal scale patterns to identify individual birds of prey." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23929.
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The ability to accurately identify individuals is required for the detailed study of animals. Numerous artificial markers have been developed for this purpose. Negative effects on survival, reproductive success and behavior have been reported for most marking methods, significantly affecting the very parameters being studied.Birds of prey have suffered the shortcomings of artificial marking methods. In light of the known and potential deleterious effects of marking, attention has been focused on developing new techniques to identify individual raptors without attaching artificial markers.
This study investigated the use of tarsal scale patterns as unique individual identifiers in birds of prey. The American kestrel (Falco sparverius) was chosen as a model. Both legs of seventy-five kestrels were photographed over a two-year period.
Photographic comparisons of 150 scale patterns demonstrated the uniqueness of each and therefore its ability to be used as an individual's natural identifier. Furthermore, patterns were found to remain unchanged from one year to the next. These findings support the hypotheses that tarsal scale patterns are unique to each bird and do not change over time.
A method of coding the tarsal scale patterns was developed. These codes can be used in a computerized data base to significantly enhance the speed of pattern searches.
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Kaby, Ulrika. "Attacking predators and fleeing prey : detection, escape and targeting behaviour in birds /." Stockholm : Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-720.
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Salameh, Hadeel J. "Dancing with Birds." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1552037191445985.
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Chen, Da. "Polybrominated diphenyl ether flame retardants in birds of prey from the U.S. and China." W&M ScholarWorks, 2009. http://www.vims.edu/library/Theses/Chen09.pdf.
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Falk, Judith A. "Landscape level raptor habitat associations in northwest Connecticut." Thesis, This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-11182008-063418/.
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Raymond, D. L. "Protective coloration and frequency-dependent selection : Responses of birds to prey colour patterns." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379289.
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Curtis, O., G. Malan, AR Jenkis, and N. Myburgh. "Multiple-brooding in birds of prey: South African Black Sparrowhawks Accipiter melanoleucus extend the boundaries." Ibis, 2005. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1000999.
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Multiple-brooding (raising more than one brood of young in quick succession) occurs infrequently
in raptors and is generally restricted to either smaller species with shorter nesting
periods, co-operative breeders or species capable of capitalizing on conditions of prolonged food
abundance whenever they occur. This paper presents the first recorded cases of multiplebrooding
in the Black Sparrowhawk Accipiter melanoleucus from two distinct locales in
South Africa. In the Western Cape (Cape Peninsula), four attempts to multiple-brood were
recorded in four different years, involving three distinct pairs of birds, and in KwaZulu–Natal
(Eshowe), three distinct pairs of Sparrowhawks successfully multiple-brooded on several
occasions over a 5-year study period. These results establish the Black Sparrowhawk as one
of only two relatively large, monogamous raptor species, and the only specialist bird-eating
raptor, in which multiple-brooding has been recorded with any frequency. The species’
capacity to thrive in human-modified environments (i.e. alien plantations) and particularly
to exploit associated foraging opportunities (e.g. high densities of doves and pigeons in suburban
areas) may, at least partly, account for the instances of multiple-brooding reported
here. We suggest that biologists be more vigilant for cases of multiple-brooding in raptors,
as it is possible that this trait is more common than originally thought and has previously
been overlooked.
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Sjöberg, Kjell. "Temporal relationships between fish-eating birds and their prey in a north Swedish river." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Ekologi och geovetenskap, 1987. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-100702.
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The seasonal and diel feeding habits of the goosander, Mergus merganser, the red-breasted merganser, M. serrator, gulls (Larus canus, L. argentatus and L. fuscusj and terns, Sterna hirundo/paradisaea were studied at 64V05'N. Birds' activity patterns were influenced by the nocturnal spawning of the river lamprey (Lampetra fluviatilis). Food selection and food consumption by hand-raised mergansers together with aquarium studies of the diel activity patterns of their most important prey supplemented the field data. River lamprey dominated the diet of the goosander by weight and the sculpin Cottus gobio by number. The fish consumption of the goosanders was found to be about 12% of the available river lamprey biomass and about 17% of the sculpin biomass during the breeding season. In experimental situations the river lamprey was a low- pritority species compared with salmon , Salmo salar, brown trout, 53. trutta, and minnow, Phoxinus phoxinus, when presented to satiated birds of both Mergus species. When hungry, however, the birds caught the available prey irrespective of species, but they selected larger prey when two size classes were present. Experimental results were compared with field data on availability, consumption and the escape behaviour of the various fish species. The rivers emptying in the Bothnian Bay are regarded as important feeding areas for birds breeding along the coast. In early spring they get access to abundant and reliable food resources, e.g the river lamprey. Later on the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus, supply both Mergus species with food in the river and also along the coast. From the middle of June potential food supply available to birds decreases in the rivers and becomes more abundant in the coastal area.S. 1-41: sammanfattning, s. 43-227: 7 uppsatser
digitalisering@umu
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Hoyt, Kaleigh. "Raptors and Humans: Exploring Alternative Therapies in Non-Clinical Environments using Birds of Prey." Scholar Commons, 2018. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7307.
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This study aims to deconstruct current conceptions about animal-assisted interventions by investigating relationships between human beings and birds of prey. Interactions between birds of prey, or “raptors,” provide novel cases from which to reexamine failed attempts to provide empirical data in support of alternative therapies. Previous research addressing the efficacy of animal-assisted interventions is simply not robust enough to be considered a feasible treatment option by medical professionals. By extension, models of self-regulation in psychology are often presented using reductionist models and oversimplified therapeutic outcomes. Taken together, raptor-human relationships help to highlight the shortcomings of each, as well as potential solutions towards developing comprehensive frameworks for measuring efficacy of multispecies interactions.
This study was conducted at a small nature park in Largo, FL where a number of native raptor species are housed, cared for, and trained each day by volunteers. These volunteers made up the sample size for this study with forty participants (n = 40) between the ages of eighteen and seventy five. Drawing on both my own experiences as a raptor handler, as well as the qualitative data collected from volunteers, I employed a neuroanthropological approach to reveal underlying dynamics of the program via a two-stage research plan. Stage 1 of the study addresses the Raptor Program itself in facilitating human-animal interactions. Stage 2 addresses the mechanisms at play during firsthand encounters with birds of prey. Findings suggest that programmatic and regulatory drivers within the program must operate together, often simultaneously, for an animal-assisted intervention organization to be successful. Further, this study calls for the ongoing development of novel methodological approaches in future research to determine the efficacy of animal-assisted interventions at large.
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Gosse, John W. "Relative abundances of birds of prey in different forest habitats in the Western Newfoundland Model Forest /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq25845.pdf.
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Roos, Staffan. "Nest predation processes and farmland birds : habitat selection and population dynamics of predators and prey /." Uppsala : Dept. of Conservation Biology, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2004. http://epsilon.slu.se/s301.pdf.
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Smith, Robyn L. "Invasive Coqui Frogs Serve as Novel Prey for Birds in Hawaii, and Not as Competitors." DigitalCommons@USU, 2016. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5203.
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The Puerto Rican coqui frog (Eleutherodactylus coqui) has been hypothesized to affect bird communities in Hawaii by 1) competing with insectivorous birds for prey, 2) providing prey for predatory birds, and 3) bolstering populations of non-native mammals by serving as prey. No previous studies have collected empirical data on these potential impacts. We investigated the impact of coquis on birds at two scales.
For our first research question, we used stable isotope analyses to address whether three species of insectivorous bird, one native and two non-native, and coquis could compete for invertebrate prey. We found that the coquis overlapped in isotopic niche space with all three bird species, which suggests these species occupy a similar place in the food web. However, our Bayesian diet analysis suggests that coquis mostly feed on Acari, Amphipoda, and Blattodea (>90%), and only consume about 2% Araneae, the only diet source they share with birds. This result suggests that coquis do not heavily compete with these bird species for prey.
For our second research question, we conducted avian point counts in coqui and non-coqui plots across 15 sites on the island of Hawaii. We modeled whether coqui presence or density explained patterns of insectivorous, vertebrate-preying, and native bird abundance. We estimated abundances of birds in coqui and non-coqui plots using hierarchical Bayesian N-mixture models with random effects. We tested whether habitat variables differed across coqui and non-coqui plots and whether coqui density was correlated with any habitat variable to more confidently attribute changes in bird abundance across coqui and non-coqui plots to the frogs. We found that coquis were associated with greater abundances of vertebrate-preying, generalist insectivorous, and non-native birds in Hawaii. Vertebrate-preying birds showed the strongest association, with a 0.97 probability of abundance being at least 50% higher in coqui plots. Native birds did not show differences in abundance across coqui and non-coqui plots. Because insectivorous bird and native bird abundance did not differ across coqui invasion fronts, our results suggest that coquis primarily affect Hawaiian birds by serving as a food resource for predatory birds, and not as competitors for invertebrate prey.
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Copp, Alexandra T. "The Connection and We Learned It From the Birds." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/844.
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The Connection is a story about a detective hired to find her client's one true connection in the world.
We Learned It From The Birds, follows the workday of two men as the control the birds population at JFK.
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Small, Stacy L. "Conservation and ecology of breeding landbirds in a riparian restoration context." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4427.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on May 6, 2009) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Botha, Jonathan Aubrey. "Resource partitioning in the world’s largest gannetry." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/14707.
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Understanding strategies of resource partitioning within populations is a fundamental aspect of the study of ecology, and one which has been well documented across various taxa. In seabirds, sex-specific differences in foraging behaviour are often thought to reflect strategies of resource partitioning to avoid intra-specific competition. At present Bird Island in Algoa Bay hosts the world’s largest breeding population of gannets, with recent population estimates numbering well over 90 000 breeding pairs. Given the large size of this colony, intense levels of intra-specific competition are expected during the breeding season, particularly in years of poor feeding conditions. In addition, continuous foraging around the breeding colony may lead to the local depletion of prey as the season progresses, calling for flexibility in the foraging behaviour and diet of breeding individuals. Therefore, the aim of this dissertation was to investigate resource partitioning in Cape gannets breeding at Bird Island through strategies of sex-specific foraging and intra-seasonal variability in foraging behaviour and diet. To achieve this, the spatial and temporal aspects of Cape gannet foraging behaviour were assessed during the early stages of chick rearing, over two consecutive breeding seasons (2011/12, 2012/13) using GPS tracking and VHF monitoring. In addition, intra-seasonal variability in foraging behaviour and diet were investigated, taking into account the influence of sex and chick age, to provide a comprehensive assessment of foraging behaviour throughout the chick rearing period. GPS tracking data for 79 birds revealed limited evidence for sex-specific differences over spatial dimensions. An extension in the foraging range of females during a year of lower prey availability (2012/13) was, however, evident. This suggests a possible sex-specific response to prey limitation, likely reflecting resource partitioning strategies or differences in nutritional requirements. VHF data for 95 additional birds revealed a clear pattern in temporal foraging behaviour. In general, females were more likely to be on a foraging trip during the early and mid-day hours, with the probability of males being on a foraging trip increasing towards the late afternoon. Continuous tracking of individuals throughout the 2015/16 breeding season further revealed little evidence for sex-specific differences in spatial distribution and forging effort during both the guard and post-guard stages of chick rearing. A clear increase in foraging range was evident during the early stages of chick rearing as the season progressed. However, birds attending chicks older than 50 days showed an unexpected contraction in foraging range, which appeared to coincide with a dietary shift. During the early stages of breeding the diet was comprised almost exclusively of anchovy, the proportion of which decreased progressively in the diet throughout the breeding season. This was mirrored by a substantial increase in the proportion of saury in the diet. These results suggest that Cape gannets increase their foraging range in response to local prey depletion as the breeding season progresses. However, when alternative prey becomes available they may shift their diet, allowing them to access prey closer to the breeding colony. Overall, this dissertation provides insight into sex-specific behaviour in a monomorphic seabird, suggesting a marginal degree of spatial segregation. The results provide the first support for sex-related temporal foraging segregation in gannets. Such separation could potentially be driven by resource partitioning, but could also relate to differential nutritional requirements. In addition, this study also provided the first comprehensive assessment of foraging behaviour throughout the guard and post guard stages of chick rearing in gannets. These results suggest that a combination of foraging and dietary flexibility may allow Cape gannets to buffer the effects of prey depletion during the breeding season. In conclusion, resource partitioning through sex-specific foraging appears to be limited in the Cape gannet population at Bird Island. Segregation via alternative pathways may however be possible and as such, future studies should consider the influence of individual level segregation and habitat specialization.
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Quinn, John Leo. "The timing of nesting in red-breasted geese and their nesting association with birds of prey." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368083.
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Edwards, Justin. "Birds, Children, and Lonely Men in Cars and The Sound of Wrong." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1218490414.
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Van, Deventer Michelle. "Brevetoxins in marine birds : evidence of trophic transfer and the role of prey fish as toxin vector." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2007. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002291.
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Shrum, Peggy Lynne. "Analysis of mercury and lead in birds of prey from gold-mining areas of the Peruvian Amazon." Connect to this title online, 2009. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1263410316/.
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Erry, Berenice Veronica. "Transfer of arsenic through terrestrial food chains." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302537.
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Smallwood, John A. "Winter territoriality and predation ecology of American Kestrels (Falco sparverius) in southcentral Florida /." The Ohio State University, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu14873359929033.
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Thieme, Jennifer Lee. "Behavioral and reproductive consequences of predator activity to grassland birds." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1313609279.
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Howie, Mikaela Gioia Selene. "The Lateral Extent and Spatial Variation of Mercury Exposure in Birds and their Prey Near a Polluted River." W&M ScholarWorks, 2010. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626899.
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Young, James L. Jr. "Eagles, ravens, and other birds of prey: a history of USAF Suppression of Enemy Air Defense doctrine, 1973-1991." Diss., Kansas State University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/38623.
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Doctor of PhilosophyDepartment of History
Donald J. Mrozek
During the Cold War, the United States’ foreign policy relied heavily on its ability to project military power. More often than not, the central component of force projection rested on the United States military’s effectiveness in employing air power both by establishing air superiority and through accurate delivery of ordnance. As the primary service tasked with conducting aerial warfare, the United States Air Force (USAF) was expected to maintain this capability either to achieve deterrence or, when necessary, to military action. In January 1973, the USAF seemed incapable of performing the latter task due to the North Vietnamese Integrated Air Defense System’s (NV-IAD’s) effectiveness in Operation Rolling Thunder and its successor, Operation Linebacker. Eighteen years later, Air Force aircraft spearheaded the Coalition’s air attack on the Iraqi Integrated Air Defense System (I-IADS) in January 1991. Considered by many to be the most effective air defense system outside the Soviet Union’s, the I-IADS was expected to exact heavy casualties from the allied forces. Instead, in less than twenty days, the USAF’s dominance was so complete that politicians, analysts and military historians quickly proclaimed a “Revolution in Military Affairs” (RMA). The majority of the current historiography credits advances in precision-guided munitions (PGMs), airframes, and computer technology as the impetus for the RMA. Others have claimed that the USAF’s training methodology and construction of advanced training sites such as the Red Flag complex at Nellis Air Force Base were the primary drivers for the Air Force’s success. While acknowledging the role all of these factors played, this dissertation also demonstrates the key role played by the development of Suppression of Enemy Air Defense (SEAD) doctrine from January 1973 through August 1991. In the aftermath of the American war in Vietnam, the Air Force considered defense suppression a tactical task that was secondary to the primary mission of putting ordnance on target. At the end of Desert Storm, proponents of the Air Force’s SEAD doctrine had convincing evidence that an enemy IADS was not just an ancillary weapons array, but functioned a critical national system just like manufacturing, government, or the people’s will. The process by which this viewpoint changed had effects on the development of the United States Air Force’s Cold War conventional capability in general, and the development of training methods, electronic warfare platforms, and modern airframes specifically.
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Söderström, Bo. "Farmland birds in semi-natural pastures : conservation and management /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 1999. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/1999/91-576-5463-8.pdf.
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Chan, Kar-yan Karin, and 陳嘉欣. "An evaluation on the conservation effort on raptors in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31255772.
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Hasbun, Jaime Samour. "Studies of male reproductive function, semen preservation and artificial insemination of the budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus) with some observations on birds of prey." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296705.
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Green, David Bruce. "Foraging ecology of Cape Gannets (Morus Capensis) at Bird Island, Algoa Bay." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020790.
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The Cape gannet has undergone considerable population change and redistribution over the past 50 years. This has been linked to shifts in the abundance and distribution of their dominant prey, sardine and anchovy. Five breeding colonies, along the west coast of Southern Africa, have shown rapid population declines as a result of reduced prey availability. In contrast, a single colony (Bird Island, Algoa Bay) on the south coast of South Africa has, over the same period, grown fivefold and now supports approximately two thirds of the total population. Due to its conservation importance, and isolation from other breeding localities, it is important to assess the health of the Bird Island colony, and determine how foraging distribution relates to the environment to evaluate current measures of protection. This was achieved through two related studies; a long-term dietary analysis spanning 34 years, and a spatial foraging study, which related three years of tracking data to estimates of prey availability, oceanographic features and marine protected areas (MPAs). The results of the dietary study showed that the dietary constituents of Cape gannets breeding at Bird Island have remained similar over the last three decades, but the importance of sardine and anchovy has increased significantly. For sardine, in particular, this reflects an increased availability of this species (as deduced from hydroacoustic surveys) within the foraging range of the Bird Island colony. The dietary abundance of anchovy was found to be negatively correlated with that of sardine. Surprisingly,.the dietary abundance of anchovy was also negatively correlated with estimates of its availability based on acoustic surveys. The latter is likely to be due to sardine being a preferred prey item. Recent decreases in the dietary contribution of sardine (since 2005) suggest that this species is becoming less available to gannets, with profound implications in terms of nutrient gain associated with foraging. However, this has been mediated by an increase in the dietary contribution of anchovy, which now accounts for the vast majority of prey taken. Spatially, the foraging range of the Bird Island colony expanded during the three years of study, indicating an increase in effort. This increase was likely in an effort to track a distributional change of sardine and anchovy, which showed an apparent westward shift during the study period. There was, however, no evidence of birds tracking features associated with high productivity. This may have been partly due to anomalously warm conditions during the summer of 2012/2013, in which an absence of coastal upwelling prevented surface cooling. Nonetheless, low sea surface temperatures and high chlorophyll a concentrations do not seem to be reliable indicators of important Cape gannet foragingareas. Foraging effort was largely concentrated outside of MPAs, indicating that the current MPA network provides little protection for foraging gannets. This could change with the additional protection of the proposed Greater Addo Elephant National Park MPA expansion, as prey species are allowed to recover following the removal of fishing pressure. Overall, the colony appears to be in good condition as the diet is still dominated by live prey items, and the foraging range remains smaller than many of the colonies along the west coast. However, it is important that monitoring be continued, in particular with respect to changes in the availability of sardine and anchovy. Long-term shifts of these species out of the colony‘s foraging range could negatively influence the population in the future. This might be worsened by interspecific competition for prey resources. Considering the conservation importance of this population, maintenance of healthy prey stocks within the home range of breeding Cape gannets should be prioritised in order to prevent declines similar to those observed at west coast colonies.
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Rishworth, Gavin Midgley. "Time-activity budgets of cape gannets (Morus Capensis) at Bird Island, Algoa Bay." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021046.
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For several decades now, seabirds have been considered to be useful indicators of the state of their prey resources because of how they reflect lower-level trophic variability through proxies such as diet or behaviour. However, collection of appropriate data is often challenging in the marine environment because of logistical or financial constraints. In this study, time-activity budgets were studied in the Cape gannet (Morus capensis), a seabird which has been advocated as a potential bioindicator for local epipelagic prey. VHF transmitters attached to PVC leg-rings were fitted to 50 adult breeding pairs during the 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 breeding seasons at Bird Island, Algoa Bay, to determine whether an automated method of continuously collecting time-activity budget data can replace conventional laborious direct observations. To validate that the foraging trip duration data generated from the automated method was a reflection of foraging effort, Time-Depth Recorders (TDRs) were simultaneously equipped to birds with VHF transmitters for three weeks. In order to assess the influence of factors other than prey availability on parent time-activity budgets, sex, chick age and body condition were measured. Additionally, chick growth and survival were recorded in order to investigate the gender-specific effects of parental time-activity budget variability on these parameters. Attachment of VHF transmitters to leg-rings of adult Cape gannets had no observable negative effects on the adults or their chicks in terms of adult body condition, nest attendance and foraging trip durations, or chick growth and survival. Furthermore, the frequency distribution of behaviour bout (foraging trip and nest attendance) durations was no different between automated and directly observed data. However, the automated method did record shorter behaviour bouts, largely attributed to the increased likelihood of direct observations missing birds returning briefly to their nests during older chick provisioning. Additionally, foraging trip duration was highly correlated to foraging effort in terms of time spent resting on the sea surface, flying and diving. The automated method therefore appears to be a good reflection of direct nest attendance observations and foraging effort. Cape gannet time-activity budgets were related to chick age and parental sex. Especially as chicks neared fledging, females spent significantly longer periods of time foraging than males, with males consequently provisioning their chicks more often. Furthermore, adults departing their nests earlier spent more time away from the nest foraging as more same-day daylight hours were available. Chick growth was a function of parent foraging trip duration and associated prey delivery rates. Chick survival was most strongly affected by the amount of time which chicks were left unattended by both parents and consequently exposed to predation by kelp gulls (Larus dominicanus) or to adverse weather conditions. Additionally, for females (but not males) there appeared to be a trade-off between foraging trip duration and chick survival. The Cape gannet appears to demonstrate a strategy whereby the costs of reproduction to the female are shifted towards male-dominated chick provisioning as the chick nears fledging. Drivers of time-activity budget variability such as chick age and parental sex therefore need to be considered if using data on foraging trip duration as a proxy of foraging effort and prey availability.
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Malpass, Jennifer S. "Effects of food and vegetation on breeding birds and nest predators in the suburban matrix." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1446725882.
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Santos, Andreia Oliveira. "Cirurgia Oftálmica e Cuidados Perioperatórios em Aves de Rapina." Bachelor's thesis, Escola Superior Agrária de Elvas, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/36571.
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O presente relatório refere-se ao estágio realizado no CRASSA, Centro de Recuperação
de Animais Selvagens de Santo André, no município de Santiago do Cacém, na área de
clínica médica e cirúrgica de animais selvagens e silvestres, no período de 28 de outubro
de 2020 e 29 de janeiro de 2021. Os principais objetivos do estágio foram aprofundar
conhecimentos na clínica e medicina de recuperação de animais silvestres, sobretudo as
espécies autóctones, e sobre cirurgia oftálmica e cuidados perioperatórios. No CRASSA
foi possível acompanhar 72 novos casos, onde 66 pertenciam à classe das aves (91,6%),
e os restantes 6 (8,4%) pertenciam à classe dos mamíferos. As causas de entrada variam
desde traumas, debilitação, queda do ninho, desorientação, cativeiro e atropelamento.
As atividades que a aluna mais realizou ao longo do estágio foram receção dos animais,
contenção e exame físico, preparação e administração de medicação, acompanhamento
no internamento e alimentação, limpeza das instalações dos animais e enriquecimento
animal. Relacionado com o tema, foi possível acompanhar um caso de afeção ocular que
precisou de terapêutica cirúrgica. A autora acompanhou de perto o pré, o durante e o
pós cirúrgico da ave em questão, e por ser uma cirurgia complexa, despertou interesse
na aluna. Um exame físico completo confirma se o animal está apto para cirurgia, e auxilia
o profissional a escolher a técnica mais adequada. Os cuidados perioperatórios, como
por exemplo, o jejum, a medicação e monitorização pré e pós cirúrgica, e o
enriquecimento ambiental vão determinar a recuperação do paciente. Para que haja
conservação das espécies selvagens, a criação de novos serviços para estes deveria ser
ponderada, e, portanto, uma maior necessidade de profissionais com experiência nos mesmos.This report refers to the internship carried out at CRASSA, Wild Animals Recovery Center of Santo André, in the municipality of Santiago do Cacém, in the area of a medical and surgical clinic for wild and wild animals, in October 28, 2020, and January 29, 2021. The main objectives of the internship were to deepen knowledge in the clinic and medicine for the recovery of wild animals, especially native species, and about ophthalmic surgery and perioperative care. In CRASSA it was possible to monitor 72 new cases, where 66 belonged to the bird class (91.6%), and the remaining 6 (8.4%) belonged to the mammal class. The causes of entry vary from traumas, debilitation, fall from the nest, disorientation, captivity, and being run over. The activities that the student most performed during the internship were reception of animals, restraint and physical examination, preparation and administration of medication, monitoring during hospitalization and feeding, cleaning of the animals' facilities and animal enrichment. Related to the theme, it was possible to follow a case of eye disease that required surgical therapy. The author closely monitored the pre, during and post-surgery of the bird in question, and because it is a complex surgery, aroused interest in the student. A complete physical examination confirms that the animal is fit for surgery, and helps the professional to choose the most appropriate technique. Perioperative care, such as fasting, medication and pre and post-surgical monitoring, and environmental enrichment will determine the patient's recovery. For there to be conservation of wild species, the creation of new services for them should be considered, and, therefore, a greater need for professionals with experience in them.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Mays, Nora Ann 1952. "Hormonal correlates of reproductive behavior in the cooperatively breeding Harris' hawk (Parabuteo unicinctus)." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277088.
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I correlated the plasma titers of testosterone (T), estradiol (E), luteinizing hormone (LH), progesterone (P), corticosterone (B) and prolactin (Prl) with the reproductive behavior of breeders and adult and juvenal-plumaged helpers of the Harris' Hawk. During nest building, breeding males and adult male helpers had higher T levels than those in immature male helpers. Among females, only breeders had elevated T levels during nest building. During nest building, breeding females had higher E levels than those in adult and immature females helpers. Patterns of LH were similar to those of T and E. Concentrations of P and B varied only with handling time. During incubation, Prl titers were elevated only in breeding males and females. In contrast to other altricial species, all breeders showed no elevation in Prl levels during feeding of young. Among males, adult male helpers had the highest Prl levels while feeding young.
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Klug, Page Elizabeth. "Interactions between grassland birds and their snake predators : the potential for conservation conflicts in the Tallgrass prairie." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/2184.
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Souto, Glauber Henrique Borges de Oliveira. "Ecologia alimentar de aves inset?voras de um fragmento de mata dec?dua do extremo norte da Mata Atl?ntica." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2010. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/13063.
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Previous issue date: 2010-06-30The diet study of birds has contributed historically as a model for use to understanding ecological patterns and strategies used by several other groups of vertebrates, which are observed in season patterns and temporal availability of resources, and other. This study has as objective generate information concerning the diet of insectivorous birds during rainy season and dry season, as well as analyze Index food importance, niche overlap, niche breadth, electivity, and seasonal availability of prey. The study was conducted in a fragment of about 270 ha (center coordinates and 5 ? 53'S 35 ? 23'W). The sampling of birds occurred between March 2008 and December 2009 in three pre-established trails. Catches of birds were performed using 10 mist nets placed in line, where each trails was sampled once a month. Samples of pellets were obtained by means of tartar emetic. Sampling of availability of prey occurred between February 2009 to December 2009. We used two methods of sampling (pitfall traps and Shake cloths). We captured 269 individuals of 21 species of insectivorous birds. We collected 4116 invertebrates of which 3259 in the rainy season and 857 in the dry season. We obtained 174 samples stomach, where 10 species were exclusively insectivorous diet, nine fed on insect/plant material, an insect/plant material/vertebrate and one for insect/vertebrate. During the rainy season was observing difference between the consumption of items with higher food importance. The Coleoptera was item with higher food importance (73%), followed by Formicidae (7%) and Araneae (6%). During the dry season, no difference was found difference between the consumption of items with higher food importance. The Coleoptera was item with higher food importance (34%), followed by seeds (29%) and Formicidae (18%). The highest levels of niche overlap occurred during the rainy season, while the dry season was characterized by high levels of niche 11 segregation. This indicates that the local insectivorous birds community was structured differently between periods. No was found correlation between the values of niche breadth to the mean weight of the body size. We observed seasonal patterns in prey availability, with the peak availability of invertebrates observed seasonal patterns in rainy season. The insectivorous birds selected the same species richness during both periods, showing a specialized diet. Thamnophilus pelzelni was the only species that had their diet influenced by seasonality. Regarding the overall diet of insectivorous birds, observed a high consumption of prey, whose food availability caused the birds could invest and increase their food resources
O estudo da dieta de aves tem contribu?do, historicamente, como modelo de uso para o entendimento de padr?es e estrat?gias ecol?gicas utilizados por v?rios outros grupos de vertebrados, nos quais s?o observados padr?es sazonais e temporais na disponibilidade de recursos e outros. O presente trabalho objetivou gerar informa??es referentes ? dieta de aves inset?voras durante os per?odos chuvoso e seco, bem como analisar import?ncia alimentar, valores de sobreposi??o alimentar, amplitude de nicho, eletividade e disponibilidade de presas durantes as esta??es chuvosa e seca. O estudo foi realizado em um fragmento com cerca de 270 ha (coordenadas centrais 5?53 S e 35?23 W). O per?odo de amostragem das aves ocorreu entre mar?o de 2008 a dezembro de 2009, em tr?s trilhas pr?-estabelecidas. As capturas das aves foram realizadas por meio de 10 redes ornitol?gicas dispostas em linha, onde cada linha de rede foi colocada em uma das trilhas, sendo uma amostragem de aves realizadas em uma ?nica trilha por m?s. As amostras de regurgitos foram obtidas por meio do t?rtaro em?tico. As amostragens de disponibilidade de presas ocorreram entre fevereiro de 2009 a dezembro de 2009, sendo utilizados amostragens no solo (pitfall traps) e na folhagem (shake cloths). Capturamos 269 indiv?duos de 21 esp?cies de aves inset?voras. Foram coletados 4.116 invertebrados, dos quais 3.259 no per?odo chuvoso e 857 no per?odo seco. Obtivemos 174 amostras estomacais, onde 10 esp?cies tiveram dieta exclusivamente inset?vora, 9 alimentaram-se de inseto/material vegetal, 1 de inseto/material vegetal/vertebrado e 1 por inseto/vertebrado. Durante o per?odo chuvoso foi observada diferen?a entre o consumo dos itens com maior Import?ncia 9 Alimentar, sendo Coleoptera o item com maior Import?ncia Alimentar (73%), seguido por Formicidae (7%) e Araneae (6%). Durante o per?odo seco, n?o foi encontrada diferen?a entre o consumo dos itens com maior import?ncia Alimentar, Sendo Coleoptera o item com maior Import?ncia Alimentar (34%), seguido por sementes (29%) e Formicidae (18%). Os maiores ?ndices de sobreposi??o de nicho ocorreram durante o per?odo chuvoso, enquanto o per?odo seco foi caracterizado pelos maiores valores de segrega??o de nicho. Isto indica que a comunidade de aves inset?voras local esteve estruturada de forma diferenciada entre os per?odos. N?o foi encontrada correla??o entre os valores de Amplitude de nicho com os pesos m?dios das aves, mostrando que o tamanho do nicho ocupado pelas aves n?o tem rela??o com o seu tamanho corporal. Foram observados padr?es sazonais na disponibilidade de presas, sendo o pico da disponibilidade de invertebrados observado durante o per?odo chuvoso. As aves inset?voras selecionaram a mesma riqueza de esp?cies durante os dois per?odos, mostrando uma dieta especializada. Thamnophilus pelzelni foi a ?nica esp?cie que teve a sua dieta influenciada pela sazonalidade. No que diz respeito a dieta global das aves inset?voras, observamos um elevado consumo de presas, cuja grande disponibilidade de alimento fez com que as aves pudessem investir e aumentar os seus recursos alimentares
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Spjern, Victor. "Hur påverkar storskarv (Phalacrocorax carbo) och skäggdopping (Podiceps cristatus) fisksamhället i grunda, näringsrika sjöar?" Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Biologi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-166546.
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Piscivorous birds are an integrated part of lake and coastline ecosystems. Despite decades of research it is yet unclear what influence fish eating birds have on the fish community. The aim of this literature study was to focus on how two fish eating birds, Great Cormorant and Great Crested Grebe, influence the fish community in shallow and eutrophic lakes. Different types of analysis methods have been used when doing research on the subject, including pellet analysis, stomach content analysis, tagging of fishes by “PIT”-techniques and analysis by observation. Results show that conclusions by studies tend to vary, but generally higher bird density, lower water temperature and a relatively high turbidity contribute to a higher influence on the fish community. Both bird species are opportunistic in their choice of food and catch prey of the species that occur locally. Both species also limit themselves in the prey size, but the choice vary over seasons because of water temperature and the birds requirements in association with breeding and migration. The significant level of influence seems to be when predation is conducted on younger and smaller fishes. The influence on the fish size can also be indirect, where predation on smaller individuals prevent fishes from becoming older and bigger. As studies tend to deviate in conclusion, no general answer to this issue can be given at present. Comprehensive research with several years of full control over both fish-and bird population is needed to find the proper conclusion.
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Carrega, Susana Paula de Oliveira. "Parasitismo gastrointestinal em aves de rapina num centro de recuperação de animais silvestres." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/11105.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina VeterináriaAs aves de rapina são predadores de topo na cadeia alimentar podendo por isso, devido à sua dieta, ser expostas a vários parasitas, pois estão no final de muitos ciclos de vida indirectos. Durante o período compreendido entre Novembro de 2013 e Julho de 2014 foram realizados exames parasitológicos em várias espécies de aves de rapina que deram entrada no Centro de Recuperação de Animais Silvestres de Lisboa, Portugal (LxCRAS). Foram analisadas 137 amostras fecais com 51% (n=70) pertencentes à ordem Falconiformes (aves de rapina diurnas) e 49% (n=67) à ordem Strigiformes (aves de rapina nocturnas). Os métodos de flutuação de Willis e sedimentação natural foram os utilizados para realizar as análises coprológicas. A prevalência de parasitismo foi de 21,4%, com 13,9% (19/137) para protozoários, 8,7% (12/137) para nemátodes e 0,73% para céstodes (1/137). Em relação à ordem dos hospedeiros, verificou-se que a prevalência de infecção nos Falconiformes foi de 20% (14/70) e nos Strigiformes 23,9% (16/67). As formas parasitárias identificadas foram oocistos de coccídias, ovos de Capillaria spp., de Spiruridae e de Raillietina spp. Foram também realizadas 64 necrópsias, com 59,4% (n=38) das aves pertencentes aos Falconiformes e 40,6% (n=26) aos Strigiformes. A prevalência global encontrada foi de 34,4% de aves parasitadas, com 26,6% (17/64) para acantocéfalos, 18,7% (12/64) para nemátodes e 4,7% (3/64) para céstodes. Relativamente aos resultados de prevalência por ordem dos hospedeiros, os valores registados foram 47,4% (18/38) nos Falconiformes e 15,4% (4/26) nos Strigiformes. Os parasitas identificados foram Centrorhynchus sp., Synhimantus sp., Cyrnea sp. e Porrocaecum sp.. Estes resultados revelam um parasitismo gastrointestinal em termos qualitativos e quantitativos cujos resultados estão próximos dos obtidos em trabalhos previamente efectuados neste Centro de Recuperação, embora com números inferiores de prevalência. Desta forma, o conhecimento parasitológico obtido servirá para a decisão de futuras medidas terapêuticas e/ou sanitárias preventivas, para a melhoria da saúde e bem-estar dos animais em reabilitação e a sua rápida reintegração no ecossistema natural.
ABSTRACT - Gastrointestinal parasitism in birds of prey in a Wildlife Rehabilitation Center - Birds of prey are top predators in the food chain and therefore, due their diet, may be exposed to several parasites, since they are at the end of many indirect life cycles. Between November 2013 and July 2014 parasitological examinations were conducted in several species of birds of prey received at the Wild Animal Rehabilitation Centre in Lisbon, Portugal (LxCRAS). 137 fecal samples were analyzed, with 51% (n = 70) belonging to Order Falconiformes (diurnal raptors) and 49% (n = 67) to Order Strigiformes (nocturnal raptors). Willis flotation and natural sedimentation were the coprological techniques performed. The prevalence of parasitism was 21.4%, with 13.9% (19/137) for protozoa, 8.7% (12/137) for nematodes and 0.73% (1/137) for cestodes. Regardind the host Order, it was found that prevalence of infection in Falconiformes was 20% (14/70) and in Strigifomes 23.9% (16/67). The parasitic forms identified were coccidia oocysts, Capillaria spp., Spiruridae and Raillietina spp. eggs. Necropsy procedures were also performed on 64 animals, with 59.4% (n = 38) of the birds belonging to the Falconiformes and 40.6% (n = 26) to Strigiformes. The prevalence found was 34.4% with 26.6% (17/64) for acanthocephalans, 18.7% (12/64) for nematodes and 4.7% (3/64) for cestodes. Regarding the results of prevalence by host Order, the recorded values were 47.4% (18/38) in Falconiformes and 15.4% (4/26) in Strigiformes. The identified parasites were Centrorhynchus sp., Synhimantus sp., Cyrnea sp. and Porrocaecum sp. These results show in qualitative and quantitative terms a gastrointestinal parasitism close to that obtained in studies previously carried out in this rehabilitation center, though with lower figures of prevalence. Thus, the obtained parasitological knowledge will provide a better decision in future therapeutic and/or preventive health measures, improving the health and welfare of animals in rehabilitation and their rapid reintegration into the natural ecosystem.
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Pisa, Ana Rita da Costa. "Tonometria em aves de rapina : aspectos da sua aplicação na prática clínica." Master's thesis, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/3604.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina VeterináriaUma apreciação correcta e atempada da pressão intraocular (PIO) é crítica para a avaliação de alterações oculares como o glaucoma e uveíte. Na prática clínica esta é realizada recorrendo à sua medição indirecta através da tonometria. No entanto, para que esta tenha valor diagnóstico, o clínico necessita conhecer os valores normais de PIO das espécies examinadas. Neste estudo foi realizada a tonometria de aplanamento com recurso ao Tono-Pen VET® (Reichert Technologies, 230635V, Nova Iorque, E.U.A.), para estimar a PIO em 40 Peneireiros das torres (Falco naumanni) e 12 Peneireiros comuns (Falco tinnunculus), animais residentes no Grupo de Rehabilitación de la Fauna Autóctona y su Hábitat (GREFA) em Madrid, Espanha. Antes da tonometria foi realizado um exame físico e oftalmológico completo a todas as aves, garantindo o seu estado hígido para integração neste estudo. As medições tonométricas foram realizadas após a aplicação de uma gota de anestésico tópico (hidrocloreto de oxibuprocaína e hidrocleto de tetracaína, Colircusi Anestesico Doble®, Laboratórios Alcon, Barcelona, Espanha) na superfície corneana dos animais. A média (± DP) de PIO no Peneireiro das torres foi de 11,4 ± 2,7 mmHg (68 olhos) e de 13,9 ± 3,5 mmHg (22 olhos) no Peneireiro comum. Não se encontraram efeitos significativos na mesma entre sexos, idades, olho direito e esquerdo e o número da medição para ambas as espécies. Foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre espécies (teste de duas amostras de Wilcoxon, P=0,017). Alguns aspectos inerentes à técnica tonométrica foram ainda avaliados, em relação aos quais, se verificou que a temperatura do ambiente em que se efectuaram as medições tonométricas tinha efeito na PIO, o qual foi significativo (teste de duas amostras de Wilcoxon, P=0,047). Sugere-se ainda, que a realização de medições pode beneficiar da crescente experiência do utilizador no manuseamento do tonómetro. Em geral, a tonometria de aplanamento demonstrou ser um método diagnóstico da PIO com aplicabilidade e facilidade de utilização bem como, apresentou um boa aceitação por parte das aves de rapina abordadas. No entanto, ao não existir um instrumento ideal para cada animal, é uma técnica que deve considerar a variabilidade existente entre espécies, indivíduos e utilizadores.
ABSTRACT - TONOMETRY IN BIRDS OF PREY – ASPECTS OF ITS APPLICATION IN THE CLINICAL PRACTICE - An accurate and early assessment of intraocular pressure (IOP) is essential for evaluating ocular disorders such as glaucoma and uveitis. In the clinical practice this is accomplished by its indirect measure through tonometry. Nevertheless, for it to be of diagnostic value the clinician must know the normal values of the examined species. In this study applanation tonometry was performed using the Tono-Pen VET® (Reichert Technologies, 230635V, New York, U.S.A.), to estimate IOP in 40 Lesser kestrels (Falco naumanni) and 12 Common kestrels (Falco tinnunculus), resident animals of the Grupo de Rehabilitación de la Fauna Autóctona y su Hábitat (GREFA), in Madrid, Spain. Before the tonometry, a complete physical and ophthalmological examination was carried out in all birds ensuring their healthy state for inclusion in this study. Tonometric measurements were performed after application of one drop of topical anesthetic (oxybuprocaine hydrochloride and tetracaine hydrochloride, Colircusi Anestesico Doble®, Alcon Laboratories, Barcelona, Spain) on the animals’ corneal surface. Mean (± SD) IOP in the Lesser kestrel was 11,4 ± 2,7 mmHg (68 eyes) and 13,9 ± 3,5 mmHg (22 eyes) in the Common kestrel. There were no significant effects between sex, age, right and left eye or reading number on the IOP measured in any of the species. Significant differences were found between species (Two-sample Wilcoxon, P=0,017). Some inherent aspects to the tonometry technique were also evaluated, for which it was found that the environment temperature in which the measurements took place had a significant effect on the IOP (Two-sample Wilcoxon, P=0,047). It is also suggested that the performance of measurements can benefit from the growing user experience in handling the tonometer. In general, applanation tonometry has proven to be an IOP diagnostic method with great application, easy use and showing a good acceptance by the bird of prey patient. However, since there isn’t an ideal instrument for each animal, it is a technique that must consider the variability among species, individuals and users.
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Viana, Márcia Sofia dos Santos Bettencourt. "Características hematológicas e ocorrência de hemoparasitas em aves de rapina." Bachelor's thesis, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/2910.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina VeterináriaA hematologia permite o melhor conhecimento da fisiologia de qualquer espécie animal, sendo uma importante ferramenta de diagnóstico na clínica de fauna selvagem. No entanto, para ser de máxima utilidade é necessário conhecer as diferentes características hematológicas das espécies que se pretendem analisar. Os estudos sobre hematologia e pesquisa de hemoparasitas em aves de rapina, tornaram-se cada vez mais importantes nos últimos anos, especialmente quando relacionados com a gestão e conservação de espécies ameaçadas. A ocorrência de hemoparasitas tem sido investigada em várias espécies de aves de toda a Europa, no entanto, os estudos sobre hemoprotozoários em aves de rapina realizados em Espanha continuam a ser escassos. Com o objectivo de estudar as características hematológicas e determinar a prevalência da infecção por hemoparasitas em aves de rapina, realizaram-se análises hematológicas em 191 aves que deram entrada no Hospital de fauna selvagem do Grupo de Rehabilitación de la Fauna Autóctona y su Habitat (GREFA) em Madrid, Espanha, pertencentes a nove espécies de rapinas diurnas e a cinco espécies de rapinas nocturnas. Neste estudo, foi também analisada a possível relação entre presença/ausência destes parasitas com algumas variáveis analisadas, como a idade, sexo, condição corporal e parâmetros hematológicos. Foram identificados os géneros Leucocytozoon spp., Haemoproteus spp., Plasmodium spp. e Trypanosoma spp. e foram encontradas relações importantes entre esta positividade e as alterações observadas em algumas variáveis analisadas, nomeadamente hematócrito, contagem total de eritrocitos e contagem total de leucocitos . A taxa global de infecção foi de 35,6% (68/191), dos quais 34,4% (56/163) correspondem a aves da ordem Falconiformes e 42,9% (12/28) a aves da ordem Strigiformes. O significado parasitológico, clínico e epidemiológico destes resultados foi analisado tendo em conta a importância que estes parasitas podem assumir em termos de ecologia e conservação das espécies aves de rapina estudadas, tanto em liberdade como em cativeiro.
ABSTRACT - HEMATOLOGIC CHARACTERISTICS AND HEMOPARASITES OCURRENCE IN BIRDS OF PREY - Hematology allows a better knowledge of physiology of animal species. It has proved to be a valuable diagnostic tool in the wildlife practice. However, to obtain optimum results it is necessary to know the different hematologic characteristics of the species that we want to analyze. Hematology studies and surveys of hemoparasites in birds of prey have become very important in the last years, especially when related to the management and conservation of endangered species. The incidence of blood parasites has been investigated in several species of birds throughout Europe. In despite, studies about haemoprotozoa in raptors held in Spain are still scarce. In order to study the hematologic characteristics and to determine the prevalence of blood parasites in birds of prey, hematological tests were carried out in 191 birds admitted to the Wildlife Hospital of Grupo de Rehabilitación de la Fauna Autóctona y su Habitat (GREFA) in Madrid, Spain, relatives to nine species of diurnal birds of prey and five species of nocturnal birds of prey. This study assessed the possible relationship between the presence/absence of these parasites with some variables, as age, sex, body condition and blood parameters. Leucocytozoon spp., Haemoproteus spp., Plasmodium spp. and Trypanosoma spp. genera were identified and important relations between this positivity and several tested variables, including hematocrit (Hct), total red blood cell count (TRBC) and total white blood cell count (TWBC), were found. The overall rate of infection was 35,6% (68/191), with a global prevalence rate of 34,4% (56/163) in birds of Order Falconiformes and 42,9% (12/28) in birds of Order Strigiformes. The parasitological, clinical and epidemiological meaning of these results is discussed considering the importance that these parasites reach in terms of ecology and conservation, since they affect both free living and captive populations of the studied raptors species.
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Leite, Patrícia Isabel Batista. "Falcoaria Real: processo de inclusão ao património cultural e imaterial da UNESCO." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/15911.
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A presente dissertação é apresentada em forma de um projeto, propondo-se elaborar o processo de candidatura da Falcoaria Real de Salvaterra de Magos à equipa de suporte da proposta UNESCO que credenciou a Falcoaria como Património Cultural e Imaterial da Humanidade.
Este projeto pretende construir o programa de inclusão e refletir sobre a pertinência de apresentar uma candidatura e como no caso português esse procedimento poderá implicar a inclusão da Falcoaria no inventário nacional; ABSTRACT:The present dissertation is presented as a project, in order to detail the application process of the Royal Falconry of Salvaterra de Magos to UNESCO’s support team, who qualified the Falconry as Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.
This project intends to create an inclusion program and to reflect on the pertinence of submitting an application and how, in the case of Portugal, this process could involve the inclusion of the Falconry in the national inventory.
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Gustafson, Tomas. "Bird communities and vegetation on Swedish wet meadows : importance of management regimes and landscape composition /." Uppsala : Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2006. http://diss-epsilon.slu.se/archive/00001234/.
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Thesis (doctoral)--Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2006.Title from PDF file as viewed on 11/28/2006. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print. Print version includes appendices.
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Wang, Wanzheng Michelle. "Reclaiming Aesthetics in Twentieth- and Twenty-First-Century Fiction." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1435584142.
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Reis, Matheus Gonçalves dos. "Efeitos do fogo sobre assembleias de aves de cerrado." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/7355.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Fire is an ecological factor which seasonally affects fire-prone ecosystems, such as grasslands and open savannas of the Cerrado, and changes some patterns of the biota. This study aimed to investigate the influence of fire on birds that directly use food resources in grasslands of the Serra da Canastra National Park. From December 2012 to January 2015, sampling efforts were carried out in areas burned by wildfires, prescribed burnings (environmental management strategy) and in areas with no influence of fire, in order to record birds in foraging activities, their diet and the use of microhabitat for foraging. The 92 bird species recorded throughout the study exhibited specific results of the occurrence, abundance and response to fire. Considering all birds, the wildfires exerted a deeper and longer (3 - 4 months) influence on assemblage structure, than the prescribed burnings (2 - 3 months). The fire effects on some species of birds were observed in the proportion of food categories consumed, in the diversity of diet items and the microhabitats selected for foraging. The fire response models for birds of prey that occupy the top of the food chain in grasslands indicated a more intense use of food resources in the first post-fire months. Environmental management towards the conservation of grassland ecosystems depends on understanding the effects of recurrent disturbances on native species.
O fogo é um fator ecológico sazonal de ecossistemas pirofíticos, como os campos e savanas abertas do Cerrado, que altera as características do meio biótico. O presente estudo objetivou investigar a influência do fogo nas aves que forrageiam nos campos do Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra. Entre dezembro de 2012 e janeiro de 2015, foram amostradas áreas atingidas por fogo natural, por queimadas prescritas (para manejo) e também áreas sem influência do fogo, para monitorar as aves que fazem uso direto de recursos alimentares, a dieta e seus micro-habitats de forrageamento. Foram registradas 92 espécies em todo o estudo, com diferentes resultados específicos de ocorrência, abundância e resposta às queimadas. O fogo natural exerceu influência mais profunda e de maior duração (3 - 4 meses) na estrutura das assembleias, do que as queimadas prescritas (2 - 3 meses). Para algumas espécies de aves, os efeitos das queimadas incluíram variação da proporção de tipos de alimentos consumidos, ampliação da diversidade de itens da dieta e alterações de micro- habitats preferenciais de forrageamento. Com relação às aves que ocupam o topo de cadeia alimentar, os modelos de resposta ao fogo apontam para um melhor aproveitamento de recursos alimentares nos primeiros meses pós-fogo. O manejo ambiental para a conservação de ecossistemas campestres depende da compreensão dos efeitos de distúrbios recorrentes na fauna.
CNPq: 141653/2011-6