Relevant bibliographies by topics / Birth cohorts

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'Birth cohorts'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 7 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Birth cohorts"

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MacMinn, Richard, and Frederik Weber. "Select birth cohorts." European Actuarial Journal 1, S2 (June 15, 2011): 395–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13385-011-0027-z.

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Pansieri, Claudia, Chiara Pandolfini, Antonio Clavenna, Imti Choonara, and Maurizio Bonati. "An Inventory of European Birth Cohorts." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 9 (April 28, 2020): 3071. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093071.

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Many birth cohorts have been carried out. We performed a review of European birth cohorts to see the countries involved, provide a panorama of the current research topics and design, and, more generally, provide input for those creating collaborations and laying out guidelines aimed at unifying cohort methodologies to enable data merging and maximize knowledge acquisition. We searched PubMed and Embase for articles referring to longitudinal, prospective European birth cohorts and searched online cohort inventories. We found references to 111 birth cohorts, 45 of which began enrolment at birth. These cohorts began between 1921 and 2015 and represented 19 countries, with varying sample sizes (236 to 21,000 children). As of 5 January 2020, were still recruiting. The main areas addressed were allergic diseases (14 cohorts) and environmental exposure (f12 cohorts) and most cohorts were publicly funded. Given the large costs of running cohorts and the importance of long follow-up periods in identifying the risk factors for disorders thought to have a perinatal/early life etiology, current cohorts must be designed to answer research questions considering several aspects, from genetic ones to psychological, social, and environmental ones. Furthermore, universally recognized methodological aspects are needed to permit the comparison and merging of cohort data.
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Pazderska, Agnieszka, Marta Fichna, Anna L. Mitchell, Catherine M. Napier, Earn Gan, Marek Ruchała, Mauro Santibanez-Koref, and Simon H. Pearce. "Impact of Month of Birth on the Risk of Development of Autoimmune Addison’s Disease." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 101, no. 11 (August 30, 2016): 4214–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2016-2392.

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Context: The pathogenesis of autoimmune Addison’s disease (AAD) is thought to be due to interplay of genetic, immune, and environmental factors. A month-of-birth effect, with increased risk for those born in autumn/winter months, has been described in autoimmune conditions such as type 1 diabetes and autoimmune thyroid disease. Objective: Month-of-birth effect was investigated in 2 independent cohorts of AAD subjects. Design, Setting, and Patients: The monthly distribution of birth in AAD patients was compared with that of the general population using the cosinor test. A total of 415 AAD subjects from the United Kingdom cohort were compared with 8 180 180 United Kingdom births, and 231 AAD subjects from the Polish cohort were compared with 2 421 384 Polish births. Main Outcome Measures: Association between month of birth and the susceptibility to AAD. Results: In the entire cohort of AAD subjects, month-of-birth distribution analysis showed significant periodicity with peak of births in December and trough in May (P = .028). Analysis of the odds ratio distribution based on month of birth in 2 cohorts of patients with AAD versus the general population revealed a December peak and May trough, and January peak and July trough, in the United Kingdom and Polish cohorts, respectively. Conclusion: For the first time, we demonstrate that month of birth exerts an effect on the risk of developing AAD, with excess risk in individuals born in winter months and a protective effect when born in the summer. Exposure to seasonal viral infections in the perinatal period, coupled with vitamin D deficiency, could lead to dysregulation of innate immunity affecting the risk of developing AAD.
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Martinez, F. D. "Lessons from birth cohorts." Paediatric Respiratory Reviews 11 (January 2010): S46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1526-0542(10)70054-3.

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Sandboge, S., J. Fellman, P. M. Nilsson, A. W. Eriksson, C. Osmond, and J. G. Eriksson. "Regional differences in birth size: a comparison between the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study and contemporaneous births on the Åland Islands." Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease 6, no. 4 (February 17, 2015): 263–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2040174415000136.

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The Åland Islands were recently ranked as Finland’s healthiest region with lower prevalence of several non-communicable diseases compared with the national mean. We have compared birth characteristics of 1697 individuals born on the Åland Islands between 1937 and 1944 with contemporaneous data from the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study (HBCS;n=11,808). This is a first step towards a potential future analysis of Ålandic health from a life-course perspective. Mean birth weight and length were calculated for both cohorts. Birth weight was entered into a multiple linear regression model with sex, maternal age, marital status and birth year as predictors. Mean birth weight in the Åland cohort was 3499 g, 87 g (95% CI 62; 111) higher compared with the HBCS. Sex and maternal marital status were the strongest predictors of birth weight. More detailed studies are needed to explore the potential effects of this difference in average birth weight between cohorts.
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Morabito, Eleonora, Claudia Pansieri, Chiara Pandolfini, Antonio Clavenna, Maurizio Bonati, and Imti Choonara. "Studi epidemiologici osservazionali europei: le coorti dalla nascita." QUADERNI ACP 28, no. 4 (2021): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.53141/qacp.2021.159-161.

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Objective: in recent years there has been a growing interest in birth cohorts. The aim of this review is to know and understand the state of the art of European cohorts to date, with a focus on those that started data collection at birth. In particular, the aim is to provide an overview of current research topics and designs, and provide input for those creating collaborations and laying out guidelines aimed at unifying cohort methodologies to enable data merging and maximize knowledge acquisition. Methods: we searched PubMed and Embase for articles referring to longitudinal, prospective European birth cohorts, and searched online cohort inventories. Results: we found references to 111 birth cohorts, 45 of which began enrolment at birth. These cohorts began between 1921 and 2015 and represented 19 countries, with varying sample sizes (236 to 21,000 children). As of 5 January 2020, 5 were still recruiting. The main areas addressed were allergic diseases (14 cohorts) and environmental exposure (12 cohorts) and most cohorts were publicly funded. Conclusion: given the large costs of running cohorts and the importance of long follow-up periods in identifying the risk factors for disorders thought to have a perinatal/early life etiology, current cohorts must be designed to answer research questions considering several aspects, from genetic ones to psychological, social, and environmental ones. Furthermore, universally recognized methodological aspects are needed to permit the comparison and merging of cohort data.
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HAUKKA, J., J. SUVISAARI, T. VARILO, and J. LÖNNQVIST. "Regional variation in the incidence of schizophrenia in Finland: a study of birth cohorts born from 1950 to 1969." Psychological Medicine 31, no. 6 (July 31, 2001): 1045–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291701004299.

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Background. We investigated whether there is regional variation in the incidence of schizophrenia and if so, whether it is caused by urban–rural differences, larger spatial clustering, or both. To control for the effect of migration, we examined regional variation in the incidence according to place of birth.Methods. Finnish birth cohorts born from 1950 to 1969 were followed in the National Hospital Discharge Register from 1969 until 1991, and all cases of schizophrenia (ICD-8 or ICD-9 295) were identified (N = 14828). Forty-eight of the 559 municipalities were classified as urban and 25% of the Finnish population lived in these municipalities in 1960. For the analysis of spatial clustering, municipalities were grouped into 57 functional small-areas. We used Poisson regression model with the number of births of individuals who later developed schizophrenia as a response variable, and place of birth (urban/rural), birth cohort (1950–54, 1955–9, 1960–64, and 1965–9), functional small-area units, and sex as response variables.Results. The incidence was slightly higher among the rural-born in the oldest birth cohort. In the other cohorts, it was higher among the urban-born, and the difference between urban and rural born increased in the youngest cohorts. Significant spatial clustering of schizophrenia was observed in eastern Finland.Conclusions. Urban birth is a risk factor for schizophrenia in Finland in cohorts born since 1955. However, genuine spatial clustering of schizophrenia in eastern Finland was also observed, possibly caused by genetic isolation.
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Oheneba-Sakyi, Yaw. "Cohort Shifts in the Timing of Births in Ghana." Sociological Perspectives 32, no. 4 (December 1989): 485–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1389134.

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This article uses data from the Ghana Fertility Survey (GFS) 1979/1980 to examine the changing pattern of fertility behavior through the timing of births among different birth cohorts representing the onset of the fertility transition. Although the cohort changes expected do not appear to be large, there is some evidence of a pattern of birth intervals which suggests that the younger birth cohorts have shorter durations between marriage and first birth, and a slower pace for childbearing thereafter. Older women, on the other hand, exhibit relatively longer intervals from marriage to first birth and a little shorter intervals for their next births. In contrast to some previous studies, these patterns indicate that shorter intervals are not necessarily associated with shorter subsequent intervals and vice versa. The changing social meaning of marriage, increasing opportunities for the younger generation of women and prevalence of family limitation measures appear to have caused the recent changes in the fertility behavior of Ghanaian women. The composite effect of the socio-economic and cultural variables on the timing of births in Ghana will be the focus of future studies.
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McAllister, Jan, and Jacqueline Collier. "Birth weight and stuttering: Evidence from three birth cohorts." Journal of Fluency Disorders 39 (March 2014): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfludis.2013.10.002.

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Sullivan, Kevin J., Hiroko H. Dodge, Tiffany F. Hughes, Chung-Chou H. Chang, Xinmei Zhu, Anran Liu, and Mary Ganguli. "Declining Incident Dementia Rates Across Four Population-Based Birth Cohorts." Journals of Gerontology: Series A 74, no. 9 (October 12, 2018): 1439–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerona/gly236.

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Abstract Background Incidence rates of dementia appear to be declining in high-income countries according to several large epidemiological studies. We aimed to describe declining incident dementia rates across successive birth cohorts in a U.S. population-based sample and to explore the influences of sex and education on these trends. Methods We pooled data from two community-sampled prospective cohort studies with similar study aims and contiguous sampling regions: the Monongahela Valley Independent Elders Survey (1987–2001) and the Monongahela-Youghiogheny Healthy Aging Team (2006–Ongoing). We identified four decade-long birth cohorts spanning birth years 1902–1941. In an analysis sample of 3,010 participants (61% women, mean baseline age = 75.7 years, mean follow-up = 7.1 years), we identified 257 cases of incident dementia indicated by a Clinical Dementia Rating of 1.0 or higher. We used Poisson regression to model incident dementia rates by birth cohort, age, sex, education, and interactions of Sex × Cohort and Sex × Education. We further examined whether cohort effects varied by education, testing a Cohort × Education interaction and stratifying the models by education. Results Compared to the earliest birth cohort (1902–1911), each subsequent cohort had a significantly lower incident dementia rate (1912–1921: incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 0.655, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 0.477–0.899; 1922–1931: IRR = 0.387, 95% CI = 0.265–0.564; 1932–1941: IRR = 0.233, 95% CI = 0.121–0.449). We observed no significant interactions of either sex or education with birth cohort. Conclusions A decline in incident dementia rates was observed across successive birth cohorts independent of sex, education, and age.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Birth cohorts"

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Minton, Tamara Warner. "Male Socialization Experience in Two Birth Cohorts." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1998. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279402/.

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The purpose of this research was twofold; a quantitative examination of male socialization patterns along with an assessment of change over time in male socialization experiences. Men born in the 1950s and men born in the 1970s were compared to obtain an understanding of male socialization processes and possible changes since feminist issues have become a prevalent source of discourse in society. A survey questionnaire was utilized with a modified snowball sampling technique to explore male socialization experience. One hundred and one men participated in the project. Socialization experience for the men in this sample was five dimensional and while certain dimensions revealed change over time, others remained static. Findings indicate that quantitative measures can be successfully employed to study socialization processes.
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Prather, Diane. "PUBLIC RELIGIOUS PARTICIPATION: A COMPARISON OF THREE DISTINCT BIRTH COHORTS." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2006. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4279.

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Research has demonstrated that many factors affect levels of religiosity in American religion. This study extends the research on the relationship between cohort membership and public religious participation and individual personal involvement. Most of the research pertaining to the effects of cohort on religiosity has been devoted to comparisons between the Depression Era and Baby Boom Cohorts. This study extends research in this area by including Generation X to the extent possible. Using the General Social Surveys, this analysis employs an age/period/cohort analytical framework to examine religious involvement. Sociodemographic variables that are associated with religiosity are included in the analysis. Directions for future research on variations in religiosity measures are discussed.
M.A.
Department of Sociology
Sciences
Applied Sociology
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Richmond, Rebecca Claire. "The application and development of causal inference methods in birth cohorts." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.690899.

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Cohort studies which recruit women during pregnancy or at birth and follow up their offspring over the lifecourse provide the opportunity to investigate intra-uterine and early-life exposures in relation to developmental characteristics and later-life outcomes. However, due to confounding and other limitations, identification of true causal risk factors has proved challenging. In the context of several large, population-based birth cohorts, I have applied a series of causal inference methods which aim to minimise problems afflicting observational epidemiology and provide greater insights into modifiable early-life risk factors. In this thesis, I systematically assess the different methods in turn within the context of each birth cohort and the scientific question being addressed.
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Bailey, Beth A., David Wood, and Darshan Shah. "Impact of Pregnancy Marijuana Use on Birth Outcomes: Results from Two Matched Population-Based Cohorts." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7661.

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Objective: To examine associations between in utero marijuana exposure and birth outcomes. Study design: In two separate cohorts (Appalachian, Rocky Mountain), data were collected from medical records. Marijuana exposure was positive based on urine drug screening at delivery, with nonexposed controls matched on multiple factors including other substance exposure. Result: Marijuana-exposed newborns (n = 531) had significantly worse birth outcomes than controls (n = 531), weighing 218 g less, 82%, 79%, and 43% more likely to be low birth weight, preterm, or admitted to the NICU, respectively, and significantly lower Apgar scores. Conclusion: Marijuana exposure in utero predicted newborn factors linked to longer-term health and development issues. Effects were not attributable to other comorbidities in this study due to rigorous matching and biochemical verification of marijuana and other drug use. Findings add to growing evidence linking marijuana exposure to adverse birth and longer-term outcomes. Women should be encouraged to avoid marijuana use during pregnancy.
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Ediev, Dalkhat. "Mortality compression in period life tables hides decompression in birth cohorts in low-mortality countries." Sapienza University of Rome, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4402/genus-451.

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The rapid increase in human longevity has raised important questions about what implications this development may have for the variability of age at death. Earlier studies have reported evidence of a historical trend towards mortality compression. However, the period life table model, commonly used to address mortality compression, produces a compressed picture of mortality as a built-in feature of the model. To overcome this limitation, we base our study on an examination of the durations of exposure, in years of age, of birth cohorts and period life tables to selected short ranges of the death rate observed at old age. Overall, old-age mortality has been decompressing, cohort-wise, since the 1960s. This process may further indicate good prospects for ever-decreasing mortality. In the future, deaths may not be concentrated within a narrow age interval, but will instead become more dispersed, though at ever later ages on average.
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Nykjaer, Camilla. "Dietary patterns in pregnancy and offspring growth outcomes : a multi-country analysis of birth cohorts." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/16844/.

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Fetal life and early childhood are periods of rapid growth and development and both serve as important indicators of health in later life. Maternal diet during pregnancy has been recognised as one of the major lifestyle factors influencing both fetal growth and long term health. The link between maternal dietary patterns and fetal growth has been examined to some extent, little however is known on the potential long term effects on child growth. Using data from three large international cohort studies, this thesis aimed to assess the effect of maternal dietary components and patterns during pregnancy on offspring growth. The literature review revealed a heterogeneous body of studies that was generally supportive of a positive association between a health conscious maternal dietary pattern during pregnancy characterised by high intakes of fruit, vegetables, water and wholegrains and offspring size at birth. The evidence relating later child growth to maternal diet in pregnancy was inconclusive mainly due to a lack of research as well as heterogeneity amongst studies. Analyses of the association between maternal alcohol intake and fatty fish consumption prior to and during pregnancy and offspring size at birth was explored; providing further support on the evidence of alcohol as a teratogen, even in low amounts in the first trimester of pregnancy. The evidence for fatty fish intake however was inconclusive. In order to facilitate between study comparisons, a common food grouping system was applied to dietary data from the three cohorts and principal component analysis was performed on energy adjusted dietary data. Two, four and seven components were derived from each cohort. However, the dietary patterns identified from the different cohorts did share some commonalities. In particular, a dietary pattern characterised by high positive correlations with fruit, water and unrefined grains and negative correlations with refined grains and chips, seemed to be present in all three datasets. These were also the components that showed the most convincing associations with offspring growth outcomes at birth and around 7 years of age, even after taking into account known confounders and assessing possible mediation by birth weight and gestational weight gain as well as effect modification by breastfeeding and maternal pre-pregnancy BMI status.
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Decoo, Ellen. "Changing Attitudes Toward Homosexuality in the United States from 1977 to 2012." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2014. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4091.

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Support for civil rights for gays and lesbians has been increasing nationally. Changes in attitudes may be due not only to the influence of younger, more progressive cohorts, but also to the influence of other factors such as education, religious attendance, political identity, and attitudes toward women's roles. This thesis utilized General Social Survey data from 1977 to 2012 and examined changes in response to attitudinal questions regarding civil rights for gays and lesbians, as well as demographic factors predictive of changing attitudes. Between 1977 and 2012, attitudes became more accepting of civil rights for homosexuals in the United States. Results from multivariate regression models indicate that younger birth cohorts are more accepting of civil rights for gays and lesbians, as are those with higher education. Higher tolerance of non-traditional roles for women is associated with the support of civil rights for gays and lesbians. In addition, religious attendance is negatively associated with acceptance of civil rights for homosexuals, whereas political identity has no association.
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Obolenskaya, Polina. "Attitudes towards family and marriage in time and context : using two British birth cohorts for comparison." Thesis, City University London, 2012. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/2252/.

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With dramatic changes in family-related behaviours in the past 50 years, there has been an increasing awareness and acceptance of different family arrangements. Subsequently, measuring and studying people’s attitudes towards issues such as commitment to marriage, acceptance of alternative family forms, parental separation and gender roles has gained a lot of attention among those working in the fields of sociology, social psychology and demography. The majority of studies examining the relationship between family-related attitudes and behaviour have focused on either the selection or adaptation effects of attitudes, with fewer (particularly of those using British data) specifically addressing the possibility of both processes taking place. This study’s main goal is to address the latter using the data of two British cohorts born 12 years apart: the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS) and the 1958 National Child Development Study (NCDS). The cohort’s attitudes are measured by a scale consisting of three items which relate to: marriage being a lifelong commitment, a divorce being easily obtainable these days and the acceptability of parental separation. This work adopts the perspective of value orientation and life course position which implies a recursive nature of attitudes and behaviour whereby behaviour is influenced by people’s values (the selection effect of attitudes) and these values, in turn, adjust following changes in people’s circumstances (the adaptation effect of attitudes). The availability of attitude statements at two time points for each cohort (at age 26 and 30 for BCS; at age 33 and 42 for NCDS) and rich partnership history data allows for such analyses to be carried out as the order of events can be established. Firstly, this research utilises bivariate and multivariate techniques to investigate the determinants of attitudes. Further, it implements regression analyses to explore the relationships between attitude scores and: a) transition to first marriage for non-cohabiting cohort members (BCS and NCDS); b) transition to first marriage of cohabiting cohort members (BCS) and c) dissolution of first marriage (NCDS). The main findings show some evidence of both the selection and adaptation effects of attitudes in relation to marital transitions for both cohorts, indicating the importance of attitudes in shaping people’s behaviour and at the same time showing the tendency of attitudes to change in line with an individual’s personal circumstances.
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Makovac, Marcus. "Conservative shift or business as usual? : A cross-generational study in levels of social conservatism." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-403138.

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The aim of this paper is to study generational differences in social conservatism. The research centered around three questions. Firstly, have levels of political social conservatism increased in the youngest generation as compared to previous. Secondly, does the presidential era a person was brought up in, explain differing levels of social conservatism. And lastly, does the results in the previous questions change when you look within the sub-group of subjects who self-identify as being conservative. To answer these questions, this study will analyse responses to question meant to operationalize social conservatism found in the General Societal Survey(GSS). And compare responses between generational birth-cohorts socialised under different presidents. Generally the results showed a decline in levels of social conservatism between generations and the youngest generation was no exception. The role of a presidential era in determining levels of social conservatism was practically non-existent. The results from questions one and two did not seem to change when looking within the subgroup of self-identifying conservatives.
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Vafeiadi, Marina 1983. "Effect of hormone disruptors on birth outcomes and child's anogenital distance." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/299377.

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Introduction: Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) include a wide range of synthetic chemical substances that are ubiquitous in the environment and are identified as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) which can alter the function of endocrine systems in humans and animals. Exposure to such chemicals during critical developmental phases, such as in utero has been associated with adverse reproductive and child health outcomes. Aims: The main aim of this thesis was to evaluate the effect of in utero exposure to hormone disruptors on birth outcomes and anogenital distance of the child in five European population-based cohort studies in Greece, Spain, England, Denmark and Norway. Methods: We measured dioxin-like activity in maternal and cord blood plasma samples collected at delivery using the Dioxin-Responsive Chemically Activated LUciferase eXpression (DR CALUX®) bioassay. Concentrations of several PCBs and other organochlorine compounds (dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethene [DDE], dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane [DDT] and hexachlorobenzene [HCB]), were determined in 1st trimester maternal serum by triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Information on birth outcomes was retrieved from medical records. Anogenital distances were measured in newborn and young girls. Results: Plasma dioxin-like activity was higher in maternal than in cord blood samples. Newborns in the highest tertile of exposure had a reduction of approximately half a week in their gestational age as compared with those in the lowest tertile. This association was stronger in boys than in girls, although the statistical evidence for interaction was weak. Birth weight was negatively associated with increasing levels of HCB and PCBs. Adjustment for maternal gestational weight gain explained only to a small extent the association between POP levels and birth weight. Furthermore, in a stratified analysis, the association between POPs and birth weight was only observed in women with inadequate or excessive gestational weight gain. Anogenital distances were sexually dimorphic, being longer in males than females. Plasma dioxin-like activity was negatively associated with AGD (anogenital distance: anus to upper penis), in male newborns. Negative but smaller and nonsignificant associations were observed for AGD in young boys. No associations were found in girls. Negative but not statistically significant associations were observed for AGD and HCB, DDE and total PCBs in young boys. In young girls, anoclitoral (ACD: anus to clitoris) and anofourchetal distance (AFD: anus to fourchette) were positively associated with all POPs. Conclusions: Results from these international general population studies suggest an association between low-level prenatal exposure to POPs and impaired fetal growth. Moreover, our results suggest that male infants may be susceptible to endocrine-disrupting effects of dioxins while associations with other POPs remain unclear.
Introducció: Els contaminants orgànics persistents (COPs) inclouen una àmplia gamma de substàncies químiques sintètiques que són omnipresents en el medi ambient i són identificats com pertorbadors endocrins (EDC) que poden alterar la funció dels sistemes endocrins en els éssers humans i els animals. L'exposició a aquests productes químics durant fases crítiques de desenvolupament, com a l'úter, s'ha associat amb efectes adversos en la salut reproductiva i infantil. Objectius: L'objectiu principal d'aquesta tesi és avaluar l'efecte de l'exposició a l'úter als disruptors hormonals sobre el pes en néixer, l’edat gestacional i la distància anogenital dels nens en cinc estudis europeus de cohorts de base poblacional a Grècia, Espanya, Anglaterra, Dinamarca i Noruega . Mètodes: Es va mesurar l'activitat de tipus de dioxines (dioxin-like activity) en mostres de plasma de la sang materna i del cordó recollits en el part mitjançant el bioassaig Dioxin-Responsive Chemically Activated LUciferase eXpression (DR CALUX®). Les concentracions de diversos PCBs i altres compostos organoclorats (dicloroeteno diclorodifenil [DDE], diclorodifenil tricloroetà [DDT] i hexaclorobenzè [HCB]), es van determinar en sèrum matern del primer trimestre amb espectrometria de masses. La informació sobre els parts va ser recuperada dels registres mèdics. Les distàncies anogenitals es van mesurar en nadons i nens joves . Resultats: L'activitat de tipus de dioxines en plasma va ser més alta en les mares que en les mostres de sang de cordó. Els nounats al tercil més alt d'exposició van tenir una reducció d’aproximadament la meitat d'una setmana a l'edat gestacional, en comparació als del tercil inferior. Aquesta associació va ser més forta en els nens que en les nenes, encara que l'evidència estadística per a la interacció era feble. El pes en néixer es va associar negativament amb l'augment dels nivells de HCB i PCB. Ajustant per l'augment de pes matern gestacional explicava només una petita part de l'associació entre els nivells de COPs i el pes en néixer. A més, en una anàlisi estratificada, l'associació entre els contaminants orgànics persistents i el pes en néixer es va observar només en dones amb augment de pes gestacional inadequat o amb augment excessiu. Les distàncies anogenitals eren dimòrfiques, sent majors en els nens que en les nenes. L’activitat en plasma de tipus de dioxines es va associar negativament amb l'AGD (distància anogenital: anus al límit superior del penis) en els nadons mascles. Es van observar associacions negatives però més petites i no significatives per a l’AGD en els nens joves. No es van trobar associacions en les nenes. Es van observar associacions negatives, però no estadísticament significatives per a l’AGD i HCB, DDE i PCBs totals en els nens joves. En les nenes joves, les distàncies ACD (anus fins el clítoris) i AFD (anus a fourchette-llavis menors) es va associar positivament amb tots els COP. Conclusions: Els resultats d'aquests estudis internacionals de població general suggereixen una associació entre l'exposició prenatal de baix nivell als contaminants orgànics persistents i retard del creixement fetal. D'altra banda, els nostres resultats suggereixen que els nens mascles poden ser susceptibles als efectes d'alteració endocrina de dioxines mentre que les associacions amb altres COP són menys evidents.
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Books on the topic "Birth cohorts"

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1924-, Wolfgang Marvin E., and Figlio Robert M, eds. Delinquency careers in two birth cohorts. New York: Plenum Press, 1990.

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Tracy, Paul E., Marvin E. Wolfgang, and Robert M. Figlio. Delinquency Careers in Two Birth Cohorts. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-7050-5.

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1924-, Wolfgang Marvin E., Figlio Robert M, National Institute for Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention., and University of Pennsylvania. Center for Studies in Criminology and Criminal Law., eds. Delinquency in two birth cohorts: Executive summary. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Justice, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, National Institute for Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, 1985.

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Tracy, Paul E. Delinquency in two birth cohorts: Executive summary. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Justice, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, National Institute for Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, 1985.

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Pastore, Lisa M. Infant mortality by Hispanic origin of mother, 20 states, 1985-87 birth cohorts. Hyattsville, Md: National Center for Health Statistics, 1995.

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Komlos, John. The trend of BMI values of US adults by centiles, birth cohorts 1882-1986. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2010.

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Shannon, Lyle W. Juvenile delinquency and adult crime, 1948-1977 (Racine, Wisconsin): Three birth cohorts [interview data]. 2nd ed. Ann Arbor, Mich. (P.O. Box 1248, Ann Arbor, Mich. 48106): Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research, 1985.

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Hobcraft, John. An exploration of childhood antecedents of female adult malaise in two British birth cohorts. London: Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion, 2005.

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Shannon, Lyle W. Juvenile delinquency and adult crime, 1948-1977 (Racine, Wisconsin): Three birth cohorts [police contact data]. 2nd ed. Ann Arbor, Mich. (P.O. Box 1248, Ann Arbor, Mich. 48106): Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research, 1985.

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Shannon, Lyle W. Juvenile delinquency and adult crime, 1948-1977 (Racine, Wisconsin): Three birth cohorts [age by age data]. 2nd ed. Ann Arbor, Mich. (P.O. Box 1248, Ann Arbor, Mich. 48106): Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Birth cohorts"

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Tracy, Paul E., Marvin E. Wolfgang, and Robert M. Figlio. "The 1958 Birth Cohort Study." In Delinquency Careers in Two Birth Cohorts, 21–35. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-7050-5_4.

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Tracy, Paul E., Marvin E. Wolfgang, and Robert M. Figlio. "Introduction." In Delinquency Careers in Two Birth Cohorts, 1–4. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-7050-5_1.

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Tracy, Paul E., Marvin E. Wolfgang, and Robert M. Figlio. "Age-at-Onset and Delinquency." In Delinquency Careers in Two Birth Cohorts, 175–211. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-7050-5_10.

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Tracy, Paul E., Marvin E. Wolfgang, and Robert M. Figlio. "Delinquency and Age-at-Offense." In Delinquency Careers in Two Birth Cohorts, 213–43. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-7050-5_11.

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Tracy, Paul E., Marvin E. Wolfgang, and Robert M. Figlio. "Police and Court Dispositions." In Delinquency Careers in Two Birth Cohorts, 245–72. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-7050-5_12.

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Tracy, Paul E., Marvin E. Wolfgang, and Robert M. Figlio. "Summary and Implications." In Delinquency Careers in Two Birth Cohorts, 273–98. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-7050-5_13.

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Tracy, Paul E., Marvin E. Wolfgang, and Robert M. Figlio. "Cohort Studies in Criminology." In Delinquency Careers in Two Birth Cohorts, 5–12. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-7050-5_2.

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Tracy, Paul E., Marvin E. Wolfgang, and Robert M. Figlio. "Contemporary Issues in Longitudinal Research." In Delinquency Careers in Two Birth Cohorts, 13–20. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-7050-5_3.

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Tracy, Paul E., Marvin E. Wolfgang, and Robert M. Figlio. "The Prevalence of Delinquency." In Delinquency Careers in Two Birth Cohorts, 37–56. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-7050-5_5.

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Tracy, Paul E., Marvin E. Wolfgang, and Robert M. Figlio. "The Incidence of Delinquency." In Delinquency Careers in Two Birth Cohorts, 57–79. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-7050-5_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Birth cohorts"

1

Oksel, Ceyda, Raquel Granell, John Henderson, and Adnan Custovic. "Distinguishing wheezing phenotypes in childhood: a pooled analysis of five birth cohorts." In ERS International Congress 2018 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2018.pa5438.

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Rusconi, Franca, Daniela Zugna, Isabella Annesi-Maesano, Nour Baïz, Henrique Barros, Sofia Correia, Liesbeth Duijts, et al. "LATE-BREAKING ABSTRACT: Mode of delivery and asthma at school age in nine European birth cohorts." In ERS International Congress 2016 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2016.oa3299.

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Zhao, Qi, Iana Markevych, Dietrich Berdel, Andrea Berg, Monika Gappa, Sibylle Koletzko, Carl-Peter Bauer, et al. "Early-life exposure to air pollution and lung function development into adolescence: the GINIplus/LISA birth cohorts." In ERS International Congress 2020 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2020.4982.

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Smith, Maia, Andrea Von Berg, Dietrich Berdel, Carl-Peter Bauer, Barbara Hoffman, Sibylle Koletzko, Dennis Nowak, Joachim Heinrich, and Holger Schulz. "Does physical activity affect spirometric indices in lung-healthy adolescents? Results from the GINIplus & LISAplus birth cohorts." In Annual Congress 2015. European Respiratory Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2015.oa2001.

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Abellan, Alicia, Rosalie Mensink-Bout, Leda Chatzi, Talita Duarte-Salles, Mariana Fátima Fernández, Judith Garcia-Aymerich, Berit Granum, et al. "Prenatal exposure to phenols and lung function, wheeze, and asthma in school-age children from 8 European birth cohorts." In ERS International Congress 2019 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.oa4969.

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Harris, CP, E. Fuertes, S. Koletzko, A. von Berg, D. Berdel, T. Schikowski, G. Herberth, et al. "S84 Modification of the association of dietary PUFA with lung function by FADS gene variants in adolescents: results from the GINIplus and LISA birth cohorts." In British Thoracic Society Winter Meeting, Wednesday 17 to Friday 19 February 2021, Programme and Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Thoracic Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thorax-2020-btsabstracts.89.

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Dawes, J., D. Drummond, and N. Goodfield. "URINARY FIBRINOPEPTIDE A IN A HEALTHY POPULATION AND IN PATIENTS WITH PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643049.

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Urinary fibrinopeptide A (FpA) concentrations may be a useful clinical marker of the activation of coagulation. They are not susceptible to false positives resulting from ex vivo activation, and sampling is noninvasive.Individual urine voidings were collected from cohorts of 30 healthy subjects in each age decade from birth to 70 years, and a further 24 between 70 and 100 years. Below the age of 70 the urinary FpA concentration was 1.72 ± 0.76 ng/ml, and there was no effect of age or sex. Within this population, 4% of samples contained FpA concentrations above the upper limit of normal (mean + 2.5 SD); intensive investigation of one case failed to reveal any renal or coagulative disorder, though the urinary FpA levels remained high (8.4 − 14.2 ng/ml). Above 70 years old, 29% of urinary FpA concentrations exceeded the upper limit of normal established on a younger population. Thus, urinary FpA does increase with advanced age, but this may well result from occult diseaseSampling of every urine voiding over 48h in 3 healthy individuals established that there is no diurnal pattern either in urinary FpA concentration or in rate of FpA excretion. Urinary FpA was unaffected by the phase of the menstrual cycle. Urine samples from patients with peripheral vascular disease were assayed, and 24% contained elevated concentrations of FpA. Urinary FpA is probably a valuable marker of low grade activation of coagulation, particularly in chronic conditions where the assay of plasma samples is frequently uninformative
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Cárdenas-Garzón, Karen, Maria Cecilia Agudelo, Olga Lucia Tovar-Aguirre, Sandra Franco, Kelly Paola Valverde, Nelson Arias, Difariney Gonzalez, et al. "Abstract 61: Factors Related to Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Uptake and Acceptability in Manizales, Colombia, 2017-2019: A Population-Based Study of the 2003, 2004 and 2005 Birth Cohorts." In Abstracts: 9th Annual Symposium on Global Cancer Research; Global Cancer Research and Control: Looking Back and Charting a Path Forward; March 10-11, 2021. American Association for Cancer Research, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.asgcr21-61.

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Tinner, L., C. Wright, J. Heron, D. Caldwell, R. Campbell, and M. Hickman. "P32 Is adolescent multiple risk behaviour associated with reduced socioeconomic status in young adulthood and do those with low socioeconomic backgrounds experience greater negative impact? Findings from two UK birth cohorts." In Society for Social Medicine and Population Health Annual Scientific Meeting 2020, Hosted online by the Society for Social Medicine & Population Health and University of Cambridge Public Health, 9–11 September 2020. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2020-ssmabstracts.126.

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Faujiah, Irfa Nur, Bhisma Murti, and Hanung Prasetya. "The Effect of Prenatal Stresson Low Birth Weight: A Meta-Analysis." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.123.

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ABSTRACT Background: Low birth weight remains a major public health concern of neonatal mortality rate, especially in developing countries. The mother’s psychological stress during pregnancy was reported as one of the causes of low birth weight in children. This study aimed to determine the effect of prenatal stress on low birth weight. Subjects and Method: This was a meta-analysis and systematic review. This study was conducted by collecting articles from PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Directory of Open Access (DOAJ), Springer Link databases, from 2006-2020. Keywords used “Prenatal Stress” AND “Low Birth Weight”. The inclusion criteria were open access and full text articles, using English or Indonesia language, pregnant women with stress, using cohort study design, and reporting adjusted odds ratio (aOR). The articles were selected by PRISMA flow chart. The quantitative data were analyzed using random effect model run on Revman 5.3. Results: 5 studies from United States, Suriname, Macao, Israel, and South Africa reported that prenatal stress increased the risk of low birth weight (aOR= 1.94; 95% CI= 1.33 to 2.81; p<0.001), with I2= 0%; p= 0.45. Conclusion: Prenatal stress increases the risk of low birth weight. Keywords: prenatal stress, low birth weight Correspondence: Irfa Nur Faujiah. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: irfanurfaujiah@gmail.com. Mobile: +6282127200347. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.123
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Reports on the topic "Birth cohorts"

1

Komlos, John, and Marek Brabec. The Trend of BMI Values of US Adults by Centiles, birth cohorts 1882-1986. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, August 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w16252.

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Loeb, Susanna, and John Bound. The Effect of Measured School Inputs on Academic Achievement: Evidence from the 1920s, 1930s and 1940s Birth Cohorts. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, November 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w5331.

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Komlos, John, and Marek Brabec. The Trend of Mean BMI Values of US Adults, Birth Cohorts 1882-1986 Indicates that the Obesity Epidemic Began Earlier than Hitherto Thought. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, April 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w15862.

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Frejka, Tomas, and Jean-Paul Sardon. First birth trends in developed countries: a cohort analysis. Rostock: Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, May 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4054/mpidr-wp-2006-014.

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Tauchen, Helen, Ann Dryden Witte, and Harriet Griesinger. Criminal Deterrence: Revisiting the Issue with a Birth Cohort. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, February 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w4277.

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Chay, Kenneth, Jonathan Guryan, and Bhashkar Mazumder. Birth Cohort and the Black-White Achievement Gap: The Roles of Access and Health Soon After Birth. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w15078.

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Tauchen, Helen, Ann Dryden Witte, and Harriet Griesinger. Deterrence, Work and Crime: Revisiting the Issues with Birth Cohort Data. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, February 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w2508.

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Frejka, Tomas, and Jean-Paul Sardon. Cohort birth order, parity progression ratio and parity distribution trends in developed countries. Rostock: Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, November 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4054/mpidr-wp-2006-045.

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Savelieva, Kateryna, Natalie Nitsche, Venla Berg, Anneli Miettinen, Anna Rotkirch, and Markus Jokela. Birth cohort changes in fertility ideals: evidence from repeated cross-sectional surveys in Finland. Rostock: Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4054/mpidr-wp-2021-010.

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Goisis, Alice, Daniel C. Schneider, and Mikko Myrskylä. Secular changes in the association between advanced maternal age and the risk of low birth weight: a cross-cohort comparison in the UK. Rostock: Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, November 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4054/mpidr-wp-2015-010.

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