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Journal articles on the topic 'Birthday'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 26 January 2023

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1

Hathaway, Dale K. "Birthday Lies." Mathematics Teacher 96, no. 4 (April 2003): 244–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mt.96.4.0244.

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The “Birthday Problem,” as posed by Richard von Mises in 1939, is well-known and is often demonstrated in classrooms. The demonstration often involves an informal wager. The teacher may make a claim similar to the following: “I bet that if we check the birthdays of the members of this class, we will find that at least two students have birthdays in the same month and on the same day.” Students love to win any informal wager with a teacher, since one-upmanship can be a powerful motivator. However, how badly do they want to win? What if some students in the class are less than truthful about the date of their birthdays so that they can try to cause the teacher to lose the bet? At the very least, these birthday lies would probably prolong the length of time needed for a birthday match to occur. But how many birthdays do we need to check to achieve the probability of a match that is better than 50 percent? Spencer (1977) dealt with dishonest students in a variation of the birthday problem. Analyzing this situation provides another generalization of the ever-popular classic birthday problem.

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2

Zonda, Tamás, Károly Bozsonyi, Zoltán Kmetty, Előd Veres, and David Lester. "The Birthday Blues." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 73, no. 1 (March 9, 2015): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0030222815575704.

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The present study analyzed a large sample of 133,421 suicides in Hungary (for the period 1970–2002) for the birthday blues phenomenon. The number of suicides taking place on the individuals’ birthdays was compared with the number expected using chi-square tests. More suicides occurred on birthdays for men of all ages and for women over the age of 60. The birthday blues phenomenon was found for urban and rural suicides, for all marital statuses and for both violent and nonviolent methods for suicide. Possible explanations for these results were discussed.

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3

Lee, Jaerim, Mary Jo Katras, and Jean W. Bauer. "Children's Birthday Celebrations From the Lived Experiences of Low-Income Rural Mothers." Journal of Family Issues 30, no. 4 (September 17, 2008): 532–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x08327861.

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This exploratory study investigates how low-income rural families celebrate children's birthdays, using interview data from 128 mothers residing in five states. Findings from a qualitative content analysis show that the mothers make special efforts to have birthday celebrations as other families do despite their financial constraints. Making the birthday child feel happy and “normal” is the central goal of the birthday celebrations. Many of the mothers desire big parties and expensive gifts, which are socially expected characteristics of birthday celebrations. These mothers adopt various strategies to acquire, create, and allocate resources they need, including reducing expenditures, planning, changing priorities, pooling resources, and receiving assistance from their social networks. However, some mothers cannot celebrate birthdays the way they want because of financial constraints and may feel unsatisfied with their celebrations.

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4

McWilliams, Kelly, Thomas D. Lyon, and Jodi A. Quas. "Maltreated Children’s Ability to Make Temporal Judgments Using a Recurring Landmark Event." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 34, no. 4 (April 22, 2016): 873–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260516645812.

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This study examined whether maltreated children are capable of judging the location and order of significant events with respect to a recurring landmark event. One hundred sixty-seven 6- to 10-year-old maltreated children were asked whether the current day, their last court visit, and their last change in placement were “near” their birthday and “before or after” their birthday. Children showed some understanding that the target event was “near” and “before” their birthday when their birthday was less than 3 months hence, but were relatively insensitive to preceding birthdays. Therefore, children exhibited a prospective bias, preferentially answering with reference to a forthcoming birthday rather than a past birthday. The results demonstrate that the recurring nature of some landmark events makes questions about them referentially ambiguous and children’s answers subject to misinterpretation.

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5

McGregor, R. J., and G. P. Shannon. "On the generalised birthday problem." Mathematical Gazette 88, no. 512 (July 2004): 242–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025557200174972.

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Probability theory abounds in counterintuitive results, perhaps the most celebrated being the answer to the birthday problem: what is the least value of n such that p (n, 2) > ½ where p (n, 2) denotes the probability that at least two out of n randomly chosen people have the same birthday? The question assumes birthdays are uniformly and independently distributed with leap years being ignored. The solution, n = 23, never fails to startle beginning students, and very often triggers an interest in the subject of probability. It is derived from the well-known observation that by the principle of complementation p (n, 2) is one minus the probability that no two have the same birthday, i.e.

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6

Williams, Alyson, David While, Kirsten Windfuhr, Harriet Bickley, Isabelle M. Hunt, Jenny Shaw, Louis Appleby, and Navneet Kapur. "Birthday Blues." Crisis 32, no. 3 (May 2011): 134–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000067.

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Background: Socioculturally meaningful events have been shown to influence the timing of suicide, but the influence of psychiatric disorder on these associations has seldom been studied. Aims: To investigate the association between birthday and increased risk of suicide in the general population and in a national sample of psychiatric patients. Methods: Data on general population suicides and suicide by individuals in recent care of mental health services were examined for day of death in relation to one’s birthday using Poisson regression analysis. Results: An increased risk of suicide was observed on day of one’s birthday itself for males in both the general population (IRR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.18–1.64, p < .01) and the clinical population (IRR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.07–2.07, p = .03), especially for those aged 35 years and older. In the clinical population, risk was restricted to male patients aged 35–54 and risk extended to the 3 days prior to one’s birthday. Conclusions: Birthdays are periods of increased risk for men aged 35 and older in the general population and in those receiving mental health care. Raising health-care professionals’ awareness of patient groups at greater risk at this personally significant time may benefit care planning and could facilitate suicide prevention in these individuals.

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7

Lacrete, Josiana. "First Person: The birthday problem." Phi Delta Kappan 103, no. 7 (March 28, 2022): 56–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00317217221092237.

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A 2nd-grade teacher who never cared much about birthdays made them part of her classroom routine once she saw how important they were to her students. But forgetting a student’s birthday on a chaotic Friday afternoon led her to question whether these kinds of celebrations should be her responsibility.

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8

Brona, Adrian. "Rocznice urodzin weteranów Komunistycznej Partii Chin w polityce wewnętrznej Chińskiej Republiki Ludowej." Świat Idei i Polityki 15, no. 1 (December 31, 2016): 418–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/siip201621.

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This article analyses functions of birthday commemoration of veterans of Communist Party of China. Content analyses of official ceremonial speeches and case study was applied to research ceremonies of 120th anniversary of Mao Zedong birthday and 100th anniversary of Xi Zhongxun, Hu Yaobang and Liu Huaqing birthdays. The study is based on Maurice Halbwachs’s concept of collective memory. The results shows legitimizing function of those events – both of party rule over China and Xi Jinping leadership in the party.

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9

Koot, Matthijs R., and Michel Mandjes. "THE ANALYSIS OF SINGLETONS IN GENERALIZED BIRTHDAY PROBLEMS." Probability in the Engineering and Informational Sciences 26, no. 2 (April 2012): 245–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269964811000350.

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This paper describes techniques to characterize the number of singletons in the setting of the generalized birthday problem, that is, the birthday problem in which the birthdays are non-uniformly distributed over the year. Approximations for the mean and variance presented which explicitly indicate the impact of the heterogeneity (expressed in terms of the Kullback–Leibler distance with respect to the homogeneous distribution). Then an iterative scheme is presented for determining the distribution of the number of singletons. The approximations are validated by experiments with demographic data.

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10

Hathaway, Dale K., and Joshua Barks. "Calculus meets the birthday problem." Mathematical Gazette 100, no. 547 (March 2016): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mag.2016.51.

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What is the likelihood P(n, T) that at least two people in a gathering of n people are born within a given time T of each other? In particular, for T = 24 hours what is the smallest n for which P(n, T) is at least 50%? The well-known classic version of the birthday problem asks for the smallest number of people needed to give a better than 50% chance of at least one birthday match with the assumptions that the birthdays are independently selected from a discrete uniform distribution over 365 days. Using the calculus tool of the limit, we refine two characterisations for P(n, T) and show that they give consistent results with each other and with the classic birthday problem as well. At first thought P(n, 24 hours) should answer the classic birthday question. Yet consider this experiment: suppose Andrea was born at noon on June 1, then potential matching birth times (for the other n - 1 people) with her birth time extend from noon on May 31 to noon on June 2, a period of 48 hours! What this period suggests is that P(n, 24hours) exceeds the classic answer. But, by how much? Read on.

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11

BYTHEWAY, BILL. "Writing about age, birthdays and the passage of time." Ageing and Society 29, no. 6 (July 6, 2009): 883–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x09008733.

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ABSTRACTHow do we experience ageing, how do we interpret changes in our lives and what do we say about the passage of time? The aim of this paper is to present longitudinal evidence about the personal and social significance of birthdays in adult life and, in particular, how birthdays contribute to a sense of ageing. The primary source of data is the Mass-Observation Archive at the University of Sussex. Members of its panel of ‘ordinary’ people living in the United Kingdom were in 1990 invited to write anonymously about celebrations, and in 2002 they were invited to write more specifically on the topic of birthdays. A total of 120 accepted both invitations and 55 included accounts of their last birthday in both submissions. As a consequence, it is possible to compare what they wrote on the two occasions and how this reflects their unfolding experience and changing feelings about age. The analysis reveals the personal salience of the date of a birthday and of continuity in how birthdays are celebrated. Who remembers birthdays and who participates in their celebration reflect the generational structure of families and age-related patterns of friendship. Birthdays are used to celebrate collective continuity more than individual change.

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12

Keküllüoğlu, Dilara, Walid Magdy, and Kami Vaniea. "From an Authentication Question to a Public Social Event: Characterizing Birthday Sharing on Twitter." Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media 16 (May 31, 2022): 488–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v16i1.19309.

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Date of birth (DOB) has historically been considered as private information and safe to use for authentication, but recent years have seen a shift towards wide public sharing. In this work we characterize how modern social media users are approaching the sharing of birthday wishes publicly online. Over 45 days, we collected over 2.8M tweets wishing happy birthday to 724K Twitter accounts. For 50K accounts, their age was likely mentioned revealing their DOB, and 10% were protected accounts. Our findings show that the majority of both public and protected accounts seem to be accepting of their birthdays and DOB being revealed online by their friends even when they do not have it listed on their profiles. We further complemented our findings through a survey to measure awareness of DOB disclosure issues and how people think about sharing different types of birthday-related information. Our analysis shows that giving birthday wishes to others online is considered a celebration and many users are quite comfortable with it. This view matches the trend also seen in security where the use of DOB in authentication process is no longer considered best practice.

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13

Rock, David. "Menu of Problems: April 2007." Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School 12, no. 8 (April 2007): 448–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mtms.12.8.0448.

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A man was born on February 29, 1928. He died on January 29, 2004. How many actual birthdays did he get to celebrate during his life (not counting the day he was born as a birthday)? Hint: Don't forget about leap years.

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14

Barajas‐Ochoa, Aldo. "Happy Birthday?… Happy Birthday!" Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 67, no. 9 (June 13, 2019): 1977–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jgs.16031.

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15

Miller, Antoinette R., J. Peter Rosenfeld, Matthew Soskins, and Marianne Jhee. "P300 Amplitude and Topography in an Autobiographical Oddball Paradigm Involving Simulated Amnesia." Journal of Psychophysiology 16, no. 1 (January 2002): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027//0269-8803.16.1.1.

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Abstract The P300 component of the event-related potential was recorded during two blocks of an autobiographical oddball task. All participants performed honestly during the first block (Phone), i.e., the oddball stimuli were phone numbers. During the second block (Birthday), in which the oddball stimuli were participants' birthdays, a Truth group (N = 13) performed honestly and a Malinger group (N = 14) simulated amnesia. Amnesia simulation significantly reduced P300 amplitudes, both between groups and within the Malinger group (Phone vs. Birthday), possibly because of an increase in task difficulty in the Malinger condition. Analysis of scaled amplitudes also indicated a trend for a feigning-related alteration in P300 topography. Bootstrapping of peak-to-peak amplitudes detected significantly more (93%) Malinger individuals than bootstrapping of baseline-to-peak amplitudes (64%). Bootstrapping also provided evidence of a feigning-related amplitude difference between oddball stimuli (i.e., Phone > Birthday) in 71% of Malinger group individuals. In this comparison, the peak-to-peak measure also performed significantly better in intraindividual diagnostics.

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16

Woolley, Jacqueline D., and Amanda M. Rhoads. "Now I’m 3: Young Children’s Concepts of Age, Aging, and Birthdays." Imagination, Cognition and Personality 38, no. 3 (December 13, 2017): 268–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0276236617748129.

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In two studies, we examined 99 3- to 5-year-old American children’s concepts of age, aging, and birthdays. Previous research has shown that preschool-age children understand that all living beings grow, and that growth is a biological process. Humans, however, are distinct from other living things in that we attach great significance to the aging process. Specifically, in Western cultures, we have an annual ritual to celebrate the day we were born—the birthday party. Thus, although the biological mechanism of aging is continuous and invisible, it is marked by discrete yearly celebrations. We examine the proposal that, in part due to its salience as a cultural ritual, children interpret the birthday party as playing a causal role in the aging process. Results indicate that young children understand certain important biological aspects of the aging process but exhibit confusion regarding others, including the causal role of the annual birthday party.

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17

KUM, Özlem. "THE EXAMINATION OF DOODLE ILLUSTRATION STUDIES BY BARTHES' SEMIOTIC ANALYSIS METHOD." Turkish Online Journal of Design Art and Communication 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 225–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.7456//11301100/015.

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Semiotics is a branch of science that includes the processes of examining, interpreting and re-interpreting signs with the system of "Signifier", "Signifier", "signified". In semiotic analysis, besides the direct messages, the messages that are wanted to be conveyed indirectly are revealed. In this article, it is aimed to examine 10 randomly selected Doodle illustrations from the Doodle archive of 2022 using Barthes' semiotic analysis method. Azah Aziz's birthday, Indonesian Independence Day, Japan's Mountain Day, Kimiko Tsumura's 120th birthday, India Independence Day, Doodle designed for “Google”, Seiki Kuroda's 156th birthday, Qixi Festival, Luisa de Medrano's 538th birthday, Singapore National Day illustration works are analyzed. In the article, literature review was used to obtain theoretical information about Doodle illustration works, and Barthes' semiotic analysis method was used for the analysis of randomly selected Doodle illustration works. While the Google company used to publish Doddles only for important days, today it has gone to design diversification in different categories; It includes designs in its corporate image for birthdays of famous people, holidays, festivals, special days of countries (independence day, mountain day, etc.), national days as animation and video content, not just visuals. It has been concluded that the birthdays of famous people, independence days of countries, mountain days, festivals, national days are thematically analyzed in Doodle studies, which are analyzed semiotically. It is noteworthy that typographic arrangements are frequently used in Doodle works, and that typographies are deformed and adapted to the design in an integrated manner with the visual. It has been concluded that the use of color directly reflects the subject it deals with or the characteristics of the culture it represents, and that Doodle impersonates the theme in the context of technical and color use.

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18

Abel, Ernest L., and Michael L. Kruger. "Heaping in Anniversary Reaction Studies: A Cautionary Note." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 54, no. 1 (February 2007): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/v752-6773-1kmw-3334.

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Several studies have reported evidence that death is often associated with significant ceremonial events like holidays and birthdays, a phenomenon variously called the “anniversary reaction,” “holiday effect,” “birthday blues,” etc. This article, using data from the social security death index (SSDI), shows how evidence for this phenomenon can arise from an artifact in death records called “death heaping” in which certain dates, usually the 1st or the 15th, are systematically entered for missing data. In this study, each calendar birthday for the year 2003 in the SSDI was paired with either the 14th or 15th calendar day of death. For each pairing, there were more deaths for the 15th than the 14th. A second analysis compared the correspondence between dying on the same day of the month as one's birthday for the first 28 days of the month. A significantly greater number of birth-death combinations occurred for the 1st and 15th day of the month. These results suggest that studies of “anniversary reactions” should conduct preliminary evaluations to consider the possibility that statistically significant relationships do not arise from “death heaping.”

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19

Harrison, Albert A., and Neal E. A. Kroll. "Birth Dates and Death Dates: An Examination of two Baseline Procedures and Age at Time of Death." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 20, no. 2 (March 1990): 127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/ftfg-17fc-uqkt-qem4.

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The present study continues analyses of variations in the frequencies of death in the near temporal proximity of decedents' birthdays. Observed frequencies were compared with expected frequencies as ascertained from two baseline distributions. One distribution was the usual rectangular distribution, based on summing the number of deaths across all frequency categories and then dividing by the number of categories. The other distribution was constructed by pairing one person's birth date with another person's death date. This latter distribution was intended to provide a true baseline, and provide a better gauge for assessing the likelihood that any obtained relationship reflected coincidence or chance. Two weeks before and two weeks after the birthday there were more deaths, and one week after the birthday there were fewer deaths, than would be expected on the basis of either baseline distribution. Day-by-day analyses within the birthweek confirmed earlier reports of high followed by low frequencies of death. Compared to relatively old men, relatively young men were more likely to die on the eve of their birthdays or on their birthdays themselves. Compared to relatively young men, relatively old men's death dip begins at an earlier point in time. Methodological and theoretical implications are discussed.

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20

Belton, Robert J., and Dorothea Tanning. "Birthday." Woman's Art Journal 10, no. 1 (1989): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1358129.

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21

Ball, Jesse. "Birthday." Yale Review 108, no. 3 (2020): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tyr.2020.0085.

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22

Hutchings, William, and Alan Sillitoe. "Birthday." World Literature Today 76, no. 3/4 (2002): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40157630.

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23

Major, Devorah. "Birthday." Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies 14, no. 2 (1994): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3346627.

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24

Wilson, Kevin. "Birthday." Missouri Review 43, no. 3 (2020): 32–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mis.2020.0032.

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25

Sa’at, Alfian. "Birthday." Manoa 26, no. 1 (2014): 198–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/man.2014.0027.

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26

Newman, Robert. "Birthday." Prairie Schooner 89, no. 2 (2015): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/psg.2015.0091.

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27

Sinclair, Marjorie. "Birthday." Missouri Review 12, no. 1 (1989): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mis.1989.0039.

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28

Ball, Jesse. "Birthday." Yale Review 108, no. 3 (September 24, 2020): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/yrev.13657.

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29

Dąbrowska, Marta. "Birthday, Culture, and Social Media." Armenian Folia Anglistika 15, no. 2 (20) (October 15, 2019): 86–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.46991/afa/2019.15.2.086.

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Life in the modern age is dominated by social media. What used to be very much a private affair, like birthdays, weddings, anniversaries, etc., is now celebrated in front of oftentimes the whole world, and not infrequently, through the medium of the language that is not our own. The object of investigation in the present paper is the speech act of birthday wish sent to someone via Facebook. The analysis demonstrates that although the speech act has a universal aim – to show interest in another person and make them feel good, and although in many cases the language of conveying wishes, beside the native tongues, is the same, this notably being English, the lingua franca of contemporary world, the way the wish is expressed may differ markedly from culture to culture, thereby showing the underlying cultural values and norms of the users and of their native language use. The socio-pragmatic analysis presented here focuses on posts collected from personal profiles of British, Polish, Indian, and Armenian users, and investigates, among others, the choice of language, the formulaic vs. personalised character of the wish, and the character of strategies that make the wishes more personally oriented, with the aim to demonstrate visible differences across cultures regarding the way birthday wishes are phrased.

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30

Byachkova, Varvara A. "Unhappy Birthdays in the Novels by F. H. Burnett (A Little Princess) and Charles Dickens (David Copperfield)." Libri et liberi 10, no. 1 (August 31, 2021): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21066/carcl.libri.10.1.4.

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This article deals with “unhappy birthdays” in the novels of Charles Dickens and Frances Hodgson Burnett. Both writers follow the folklore tradition of depicting young characters who have to take care of themselves after a parent’s death. In the novels David Copperfield and A Little Princess, the news of their parent’s death comes on the child’s birthday. This article studies why this particular day is chosen, under what circumstances the children survive their trauma and what makes them capable of moving on. The news of the parent’s death on the child’s birthday seems to mark the start of a new period in each character’s life, a test that has to be passed. Having passed the test and won a moral victory over the circumstances, the child gets an opportunity to move on and be happy again.

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31

Guéguen, Nicolas, and Céline Jacob. "The birthdate effect: solicitation on birthday affects compliance." International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research 23, no. 3 (July 2013): 353–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09593969.2013.764340.

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32

Hudoba, Péter, and Péter Burcsi. "Multi Party Computation Motivated by the Birthday Problem." Acta Cybernetica 24, no. 1 (May 21, 2019): 29–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/actacyb.24.1.2019.4.

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Suppose there are n people in a classroom and we want to decide if there are two of them who were born on the same day of the year. The well-known birthday paradox is concerned with the probability of this event and is discussed in many textbooks on probability. In this paper we focus on cryptographic aspects of the problem: how can we decide if there is a collision of birthdays without the participants disclosing their respective date of birth. We propose several procedures for solving this in a privacy-preserving way and compare them according to their computational and communication complexity.

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33

Kim, DaEun, and Hsiao-Wen Liao. "CONTEMPLATING TEMPORAL LANDMARKS, SENSING TIME, AND PURSUING A MEANINGFUL LIFE IN ADULTHOOD." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.2901.

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Abstract Research has shown that experiencing and anticipating temporal landmarks affect one’s goal priorities and motivation. Particularly, milestone birthdays (MBD) remind people of where they stand in life timeline, prompting time experience that has consequences for pursuit of meaning. The current study examines this thesis in the context of adult development and aging. We tested whether (1) thinking about past and future MBDs (vs. a regular birthday) affects young, middle-aged, and older adults’ possession of and search for meaning in life and (2) sense of time, and (3) the association between contemplating MBDs and meaning in life is, at least in part, explained by sense of time. Participants (N = 239) were randomly assigned to one of the three conditions to verbally visualize a past MBD, a future MBD, or an upcoming regular birthday. They then completed a meaning in life questionnaire, which assessed presence of and search for meaning (Steger et al., 2016). Future time perspective (Lang & Carstensen, 1996) and time savoring (Carstensen et al. in prep) were also measured. We found that thinking about past and future MBDs (vs. regular birthdays) prompted people to search for meaning. Thinking about past MBDs (vs. regular birthdays) also elicited a sense that time left in life is limited. Mediation analysis indicated that perceived future time constraints helped explain the relation of recalling past MBDs to search for meaning. Results held when age effects were considered. We draw on motivation theories of temporal landmarks and socioemotional selectivity to discuss the findings.

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34

Shafer, Charles W. "Birthday Buddies." Family Medicine 52, no. 1 (January 3, 2020): 65–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.22454/fammed.2020.552586.

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35

Liz, Jenkins. "Happy birthday." Nursing Standard 12, no. 33 (May 6, 1998): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.12.33.21.s38.

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36

Cook, Rosemary. "Birthday quiz." Nursing Standard 12, no. 41 (July 1998): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.12.41.27.s34.

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37

Selig, Ruth O. "Happy Birthday." AnthroNotes : National Museum of Natural History bulletin for teachers 11, no. 2 (September 12, 2014): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5479/10088/22295.

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38

Likoudis, Paul. "Birthday Greetings." Chesterton Review 30, no. 3 (2004): 397–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/chesterton2004303/470.

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39

Mackey, Aidan. "Happy Birthday." Chesterton Review 30, no. 3 (2004): 463. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/chesterton2004303/498.

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40

Pfannendörfer, Gerhard. "Happy Birthday!" Sozialwirtschaft 25, no. 6 (2015): 5–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/1613-0707-2015-6-5.

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Scullion, Jane, Graham Houghton, Roger Cowell, and Esther Tanton. "Birthday wishes." Nursing Standard 22, no. 14 (December 12, 2007): 26–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.22.14.26.s37.

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Shiryaev, A. N. "Birthday Tributes." Theory of Probability & Its Applications 67, no. 1 (May 2022): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/s0040585x97t990800.

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Hancocks OBE, Stephen. "Happy birthday!" British Dental Journal 232, no. 1 (January 14, 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41415-022-3829-2.

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Henry, Daniel. "Birthday Poem." English Journal 77, no. 3 (March 1988): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/818425.

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Brown, Vincent J. "Birthday Forenoon." English Journal 75, no. 3 (March 1986): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/818871.

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Harper, Michael S. "Birthday Boy." Callaloo 13, no. 4 (1990): 777. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2931365.

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van Ditmarsch, Hans, Michael Ian Hartley, Barteld Kooi, Jonathan Welton, and Joseph B. W. Yeo. "Cheryl's Birthday." Electronic Proceedings in Theoretical Computer Science 251 (July 25, 2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4204/eptcs.251.1.

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Ramsey, Lara. "Birthday Math." Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School 21, no. 4 (November 2015): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mathteacmiddscho.21.4.0256.

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Sen, Sudeep, and Ted Hughes. "Birthday Letters." World Literature Today 72, no. 3 (1998): 621. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40154118.

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Casey, Norah. "Happy Birthday." Nursing Standard 11, no. 51 (September 10, 1997): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.11.51.21.s30.

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