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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Bismarck, Otto, Germany. Germany

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Academic literature on the topic 'Bismarck, Otto, Germany. Germany'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 16 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Bismarck, Otto, Germany. Germany"

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Baev, V. G. "Otto von Bismarck and Germany Militarization (Legislative Formalization of the Military Reform in Germany in the 80s of the 19th century)." Lex Russica, no. 9 (September 18, 2020): 77–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1729-5920.2020.166.9.077-087.

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The history of Germany of the second half of the 19th century and the activities of Otto von Bismarck form an integral unit, provided we bear in mind the process of Germany becoming a centralized state. The author argues that the attainment of German unity could only be achieved on the paths of war with Austria and France. This implies why military reform in Germany has been given so much attention.This study is focused on the second stage of military reform — the strengthening of the German army after the establishment of a centralized state. The author poses the question: if the “German issue” was resolved, what was the need for further armament? The Bismarck Government in 1874 and 1881 successfully sought from Parliament the adoption of septennat laws (seven years of funding for the army). But in 1887 the Parliament refused to extend the septennat. The author uses Bismarck’s collection of political speeches in the Reichstag as the main source of research. It is an important source of official origin, reflecting the approaches of not only of the subject of Bismarck’s legislative initiative, but also of Germany’s ruling elite.A point of view about Bismarck as vehicle of Germanic militarism prevails in historical literature. As a result of the analysis of the debate on the draft law, the author concludes that Bismarck’s military policy was dictated not so much by the militaristic nature of his personality, but by the necessity of strengthening the military potential of Germany, surrounded by strong adversaries, to defend its sovereignty. For the further development of events, the Chancellor who had been removed from his office, cannot be held responsible. The tragedy of Bismarck-era Germany is expressed in the fact that he failed to prepare a successor capable of leading the country during a period of crisis.

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Frolova, Elena Vladimirovna. "Healthcare in Germany." Spravočnik vrača obŝej praktiki (Journal of Family Medicine), no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 66–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-10-2101-09.

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Germany has long and firmly held a leading position in many areas: in the field of industry and entrepreneurship, culture and tourism, the introduction of advanced technologies and sports. Medical care is no exception. Annually, about 11.5% of GDP is allocated from the federal budget for health care; in 2019, 15.3 billion euro were spent on the expenditures of the German Ministry of Health, the lion's share of which (94.6%) went to providing public insurance. The first Law on Compulsory Health Insurance for the Whole Working Population entered into force in Germany back in 1883, before that it was valid only in Bavaria. This Act, proposed by German Chancellor Otto von Bismarck, was, in fact, the prototype for the introduction of a compulsory health care system around the world. Today, the compulsory health insurance system covers 90% of the German population. All residents of the country with a compulsory health insurance policy are entitled to almost the same range of medical services. At the same time, the amount of medical care received with compulsory health insurance does not depend on the amount of the insurance premium. The cost of health insurance for each citizen is determined based on the amount of his income.

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Papenko, Natalia. "Position of the political parties of Germany on the colonial issues during the 70-80s of the XIXth century." European Historical Studies, no. 5 (2016): 78–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2524-048x.2016.05.78-96.

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The article examines the position of the leading parties and colonial societies of the imperial Germany on shaping the colonial policy during the 70-80-s of the XIXth century. The background of the colonial ideology, its main elements, convergent and divergent features in the political parties’ approaches thereto, as well as of its immediate creators and witnesses of the precolonial époque have been investigated. The position of business groups, industrial and trade capital before the rise of the German colonial system have been analyzed. The article discovers the genesis of the German colonial policy’s formation and development during the period of chancellorship of Otto von Bismarck.

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Smith, Helmut Walser. "Monuments, Kitsch, and the Sense of Nation in Imperial Germany." Central European History 49, no. 3-4 (December 2016): 322–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938916000868.

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AbstractThis article shows how the material culture of nationhood can reveal a different perspective on the problem of nationalism. Using simple time graphs and Geographic Information Systems (GIS), the article considers temporal and spatial dimensions of “nation objects” in an effort to understand the allusive phenomenon of banal, everyday national identity. Specifically, it brings together quantitative evidence for the pervasiveness of veterans monuments, Kaiser Wilhelm I and Otto von Bismarck monuments, as well as monuments to Germany's great intellectuals, and then examines the world of objects, largely kitsch, that these monuments brought forth. The article argues that, especially in small-town Germany, objects signifying the nation point to a national sentiment governed less by the sharp logic of ideology than by the harmonizing tendencies of kitsch.Dieser Aufsatz zeigt, wie die materielle Kultur der nationalen Einheit eine andere Perspektive auf das Problem des Nationalismus bieten kann. Durch die Verwendung einfacher Zeitgraphiken und Geographic Information Systems (GIS) werden die zeitlichen und räumlichen Dimensionen von “Nationalobjekten” betrachtet, um das anspielungsreiche Phänomen banaler, alltäglicher Nationalidentität zu begreifen. Konkret werden quantitative Nachweise weit verbreiteter Kriegsdenkmäler, Denkmäler für Kaiser Wilhelm I. und Otto von Bismarck sowie Denkmäler für Deutschlands führende Intellektuelle zusammengeführt und im Anschluss daran die Welt der Objekte – größtenteils Kitsch –, die diese Denkmäler hervorgebracht haben, untersucht. Dabei wird argumentiert, dass diese die Nation repräsentierenden Objekte vor allem im kleinstädtischen Deutschland auf ein Nationalgefühl verweisen, das weniger durch klar definierte Ideologie als vielmehr durch die harmonisierenden Tendenzen von Kitsch bestimmt ist.

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von Arx, Jeffrey P. "Archbishop Manning and the Kulturkampf." Recusant History 21, no. 2 (October 1992): 254–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003419320000159x.

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It is not surprising that Henry Edward Manning had strong opinions about the Kulturkampf, Otto von Bismarcks effort in the early 1870’s to bring the Roman Catholic Church in Germany under the control of the State. As head of the Catholic Church in England, it appropriately fell to Manning to condemn what most British Catholics would have seen as the persecution of their Church in the new German Empire. Moreover, Manning knew personally the bishops involved in the conflict with Bismarck from their time together at the Vatican Council. Indeed, he was well acquainted with some of them who had played important rôles, either for or against, in the great controversies of the Council that led to the definition of Papal Infallibility. MiecisIaus Ledochowski, Archbishop of Gnesen and Posen, imprisoned and expelled from his see by the German government in 1874, had, together with Manning, been a prominent infallibilist. Paulus Melchers, Archbishop of Cologne, and leader of the German inopportunists, suffered the same penalty. The bishops of Breslau, Trier and Paderborn, all of whom had played significant rôles at the Council, the first two against, the latter for the definition, were either imprisoned, expelled, or both. Manning considered these men to have suffered for the cause of religious liberty, and could not understand the indifference of British politicians, especially of liberals like Gladstone, to their fate.

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Hoffman, Beatrix. "Scientific Racism, Insurance, and Opposition to the Welfare State: Frederick L. Hoffman's Transatlantic Journey." Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 2, no. 2 (April 2003): 150–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537781400002450.

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Frederick Ludwig Hoffman, statistician and insurance executive, was a formidable opponent of the emerging welfare state during the Progressive Era. As a vice president of the Prudential Insurance Company of Newark, New Jersey, Hoffman led a relentless campaign against proposals for government-ran compulsory health insurance between 1915 and 1920. While he acted in the interests of his insurance company employer, Hoffman's opposition also arose from his ardent beliefs about the nature of welfare states. Social insurance and other forms of state-organized assistance, Hoffman claimed, represented “alien governmental theories” based on “paternalism and coercion,” especially since they originated in autocratic Germany, where in 1885 Chancellor Otto von Bismarck had created the world's first sickness insurance system. “In so far as our right to oppose compulsory health insurance is concerned,” explained Hoffman, “it [is] the duty of every American to oppose German ideas of government control and state socialism.” In the anti-German atmosphere engendered by the First World War, his arguments had particular resonance.

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McGaughey, Ewan. "Otto von Gierke: The Social Role of Private Law." German Law Journal 19, no. 4 (July 1, 2018): 1017–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s207183220002294x.

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Otto von Gierke wroteThe Social Role of Private Law (Die soziale Aufgabe des Privatrechts)in an age of extraordinary belief in progress and pride. In 1889, the Eiffel Tower was inaugurated, Britain's Royal Navy was required by law to outdo its next two rivals combined, and Germany was forging a massive new Civil Code (Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch). Within a year, Kaiser Wilhelm II had dismissed Otto von Bismarck: The old Iron Chancellor, who had unified a ‘Second’ Reich but no longer moved fast enough to secure a “place in the sun.” Ages of great confidence often see codes of law: Justinian'sCorpus Juris Civilisin a reunited West and Eastern Rome; theCode Civilof the Napoleonic Empire; the Penal, Contract or Trust Acts from 1860 to 1882 across the British Empire; and the US Code of 1926. A desire for legal certainty sometimes drives reform, but rarely as much a desire to display superiority. The flicker of history must be made to seem timeless, like laws seem in printed word.

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Naranch, Bradley D. "“Colonized Body,” “Oriental Machine”: Debating Race, Railroads, and the Politics of Reconstruction in Germany and East Africa, 1906–1910." Central European History 33, no. 3 (September 2000): 299–338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156916100746356.

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The years 1906–1910 were a period of crisis and unstable consensus in German colonial history. In contrast to the debates of the previous two decades following Chancellor Otto von Bismarck's 1884 decision to establish overseas protectorates, colonial discourse in Germany after 1905 shifted decisively away from abstract considerations of the desirability of colonies for economic and imperialist expansion to focus on the more practical matters of colonial policy and long-term developmental reform. Indeed, given the fact that by 1905 the German colonial empire covered a sprawling expanse of land six times the size of the German state, including territories in Africa, the South Pacific, and a naval base (Tsingtao) on the coast of China, the enormous challenges of managing its far-flung and costly possessions were becoming increasingly difficult to meet. For better or for worse, the Kaiserreich had become a de facto colonial power, and German society was increasingly and uncomfortably being forced to recognize the hazards and burdens of its fledgling global empire.

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Dill, Richard W. "Dr. Eduard Lasker – sein Stammbaum und Familienumfeld: Ein genealogischer Beitrag zur deutsch-jüdischen Geschichte." Zeitschrift für Religions- und Geistesgeschichte 58, no. 4 (2006): 337–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157007306778552764.

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AbstractOn the basis of recently (re)discovered documents, the paper discusses the family tree of the Jewish Lasker dynasty, originating from Lask in Poland, formerly Prussia. The common forefather of all Laskers was Rabbi Meier Hindels, who lived around 1700. In Germany, the most successful of his descendants was Dr. Eduard Lasker (1829-1884). He was a lawyer, co-founder of the National Liberal party, and in his lifetime the most conspicuous parliamentary opponent to Reich Chancellor Otto von Bismarck. Germany owes him a considerable part of its present day legal structures in criminal, civil and public law. His younger brother Moritz/Morris (1840-1916) settled in Texas and became a prominent figure both in business and society. The Lasker family branch that he established in the United States is still flourishing today and has produced a number of personalities of public renown. While visiting his brother, Eduard Lasker died in New York in January 1884. Edward Lasker (1885-1981), a prominent US-based chess champion, descended from another family branch. One of his nieces, Anita Wallfisch-Lasker, wrote an autobiography that describes her ordeal as a member of the camp orchestra at Auschwitz.

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Hamerow, Theodore S. "A More Human Bismarck - Otto Pflanze: Bismarck and the Development of Germany. 3 vols. (Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1990. Pp. xxx, 518; xvii, 554; xi, 474. $95.00.)." Review of Politics 53, no. 4 (1991): 741–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003467050001648x.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bismarck, Otto, Germany. Germany"

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Waldmann, Elinor. "Frank Wedekinds Bismarck : deutschnationale Heldenverehrung oder Dokument subversiver Kritik /." Frankfurt am Main [u.a.] : Lang, 2005. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0716/2007468668.html.

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Femers, Jörg. "Deutsch-britische Optionen Untersuchungen zur internationalen Politik in der späten Bismarck-Ära ; (1879 - 1890)." Trier Wiss. Verl. Trier, 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2826377&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.

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Odenwald-Varga, Szilvia. ""Volk" bei Otto de Bismarck : eine historisch-semantische Analyse anhand von Bedeutungen, Konzepten und Topoi /." Berlin : De Gruyter, 2009. http://site.ebrary.com/id/10329837.

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Schmid, Michael. "Der "Eiserne Kanzler" und die Generäle : deutsche Rüstungspolitik in der Ära Bismarck (1871 - 1890) /." Paderborn [u.a.] : Schöningh, 2003. http://www.gbv.de/dms/bs/toc/353826529.pdf.

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Kutz, Jens Peter. "Vom Bruderkrieg zum casus foederis : die Schutz- und Trutzbündnisse zwischen den süddeutschen Staaten und Preußen (1866 - 1870) /." Frankfurt am Main [u.a.] : Lang, 2007. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0803/2008374032.html.

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Cram, Robert Gordon. "German interests in the Ottoman Empire, 1878-1885." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327010.

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Meyer, Anna R. "That wasn't funny! the critical humor of Otto Dix in Weimar Germany /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6111.

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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on July 13, 2009) Includes bibliographical references.

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Kersting, Felix. "The Political Economy of Social Identity in 19th Century Germany." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/22246.

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Diese Dissertation besteht aus vier Kapiteln, die sich mit verschiedenen Aspekten sozialer Identität im Deutschland des 19. Jahrhunderts befassen. Das erste Kapitel analysiert den Effekt früher Nationsbildung. Daten über die Vornamenswahl der Eltern in acht deutschen Städten und die Klassifizierung der Vornamen erlauben es, Veränderungen der nationalen Identität zu fassen. Anhand der Variation in Familien über die Zeit und des Vergleichs von Städten, die 1815 Teil Preußens werden, mit anderen Städten, die außerhalb Preußens blieben, wird der insgesamt positive Effekt ermittelt. Das zweite Kapitel untersucht die Wirkung von Bismarcks Zuckerbrot-und-Peitsche-Politik auf den Wahlerfolg der Sozialdemokratie. Für die empirische Analyse nutze ich Varianz in bereits bestehenden Krankenversicherungen sowie Informationen zu verbotenen Vereinen in einem Differenz-in-Differenzen Ansatz. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass es Bismarck’s Politiken zu steigendem Erfolg für die Sozialdemokratie geführt haben. Das dritte Kapitel untersucht die „Getreideinvasion“ der ersten Globalisierung. Die empirischen Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Handelsschocks in der Landwirtschaft die Wirtschaft der ländlichen Kreise in Preußen belasten. Entscheidend ist indes, dass dieser Handelsschock aufgrund starker Arbeitsmigration nicht zu einem entsprechenden Rückgang des Pro-Kopf-Einkommens oder einer Zunahme der politischen Polarisierung führte. Im vierten Kapitel wird Max Webers Hypothese einer protestantischen Ethik überprüft. Die empirische Analyse zeigt, dass Protestantismus nach 1870 weder für das Einkommensniveau noch für die Ersparnisse oder die Alphabetisierungsraten in den preußischen Kreisen eine Rolle spielte. Stattdessen ist, so das Argument, Nationalismus sowohl für die Interpretation von Webers protestantischer Ethik als auch für deren empirische Überprüfung von entscheidender Bedeutung.
This dissertation is composed of four chapters which deal with various aspects of social identity in 19th century Germany. The first chapter analyzes the effect of nation-building in cities that became part of Prussia in 1815. Data on first name choices by parents in eight German cities allow to elicit changes in national identity. Using within-family variation and comparing cities that become part of Prussia with other cities that stayed outside Prussia identifies the overall positive treatment effect. The second chapter investigates the effect of Bismarck’s carrot and stick policies on the electoral success of the socialist party. For identification, I exploit spatial and industry specific variation in treatment intensity due to ex-ante existing local health insurance. The results show that Bismarck failed in reducing the support for the socialist party. The third chapter studies the “grain invasion” – the “China shock” of the first globalization. The empirical results show that trade shocks in agriculture depress the economy of rural counties in Prussia. Crucially, there is no indication of a corresponding decline in income per capita or a rise in political polarization which is attributed to high levels of labor migration. The fourth chapter revisits Max Weber's hypothesis on the role of Protestantism for economic development in its contemporary context. The empirical analysis provides evidence that Protestantism neither mattered for income levels, nor savings, nor literacy rates across Prussian counties after 1870. Instead, the chapter argues that nationalism is crucial for both the interpretation of Weber’s Protestant Ethic and empirical tests thereof. While covering different contexts in 19th century Germany, these chapters are united in dealing with various aspects of social identity – either exploring potential political and economic causes of changes in social identities (chapter 1, 2, and 3) or possible consequences of social identity (chapter 4).

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Holaday, Jill Michelle. "Die Gruppe ZERO: working through wartime trauma." Diss., University of Iowa, 2018. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6136.

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My dissertation project, Die Gruppe ZERO: Working through Wartime Trauma, analyzes the art, publications, and demonstrations of the art movement Zero. Zero’s core artists, Otto Piene, Heinz Mack, and Günther Uecker worked in West Germany and emerged as a group in West German in 1957. They worked together until they officially disbanded in 1966. My project investigates the specific historical context of Zero, which encompasses the artists’ experience of World War II, its dismal aftermath, the rise of the Wirtschaftswunder (Economic Miracle), and the mounting tensions of the Cold War. In between the lines of Zero manifestos, which are wildly riddled with utopian rhetoric, were the sentiments of their dark reality. Zero artists’ desire to create all-consuming visual phenomena for the observer stemmed directly from their own immersive experience on the ground during the aerial raids of World War II. Zero artists desired to erase the terrorizing charge embedded in the memory of the past and the fears of the present, through bodily experience that would give survivors a new sense of personal agency.

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Nikogosian, Vigen [Verfasser], Jürgen [Akademischer Betreuer] Weigand, and Christina [Akademischer Betreuer] Günther. "Competition and regulation in electricity and natural gas markets in Germany / Vigen Nikogosian. WHU - Otto Beisheim School of Management. Betreuer: Jürgen Weigand ; Christina Günther." Vallendar : WHU - Otto Beisheim School of Management, 2012. http://d-nb.info/102667011X/34.

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Books on the topic "Bismarck, Otto, Germany. Germany"

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Otto von Bismarck: Iron Chancellor of Germany. New York: Franklin Watts, 2009.

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Bismarck and Germany, 1862-1890. 3rd ed. Harlow, Eng: Longman, an imprint of Pearson, 2010.

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Bismarck and Germany, 1862-1890. London: Longman, 1986.

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Bismarck and Germany, 1862-1890. 2nd ed. London: Longman, 1998.

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Pflanze, Otto. Bismarck and the development of Germany. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press, 1990.

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Pflanze, Otto. Bismarck and the development of Germany. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press, 1990.

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Pflanze, Otto. Bismarck and the development of Germany. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press, 1990.

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Pflanze, Otto. Bismarck and the development of Germany. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press, 1990.

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Pflanze, Otto. Bismarck and the development of Germany. 2nd ed. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press, 1990.

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Bismarck and German unification. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Macmillan, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Bismarck, Otto, Germany. Germany"

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Williamson, David G. "Domestic Politics from Bismarck to Bethmann Hollweg." In Germany since 1789, 121–43. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-35007-7_6.

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Edelstein, David M. "The Arrival of Imperial Germany." In Over the Horizon. Cornell University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501707568.003.0003.

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Germany was unified in 1871, creating a new great power in the center of Europe. Surprisingly, the first concerted effort to balance against Germany did not come until the Franco-Russian Alliance in 1893. This chapters explains this sustained cooperation by focusing on Germany Chancellor Otto von Bismarck’s efforts to keep the other great powers of Europe focused on short-term opportunities for cooperation rather than the potential long-term threat posed by Germany. Uncertainty about long-term German intentions created the conditions under which mutually beneficial short-term cooperation was possible.

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Galbraith, John Kenneth. "The Birth of the Welfare State." In Economics in Perspective. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691171647.003.0016.

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This chapter examines the rise of the welfare state in the United States following the Great Depression. It begins with a historical background on the welfare state, tracing its origins to Germany under Count Otto von Bismarck and discussing Britain's social welfare legislation that was passed in 1911. It then considers the views of Arthur C. Pigou, who published his basic work on economics, The Economics of Welfare, in 1920, and a host of factors that sparked the movement toward the welfare state. In particular, it looks at the role of the institutionalists, led by John R. Commons, and the University of Wisconsin as the source of both the ideas and the practical initiative basic to the welfare legislation. Finally, it describes the Social Security Act of 1935 and the business reaction to it.

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Pecora, Vincent P. "Blood and Soil." In Land and Literature in a Cosmopolitan Age, 70–106. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198852148.003.0003.

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Otto Brunner was a follower of Carl Schmitt’s notions of political theology. He became a supporter of Hitler and a proponent of the Anschluss. His major work, Land and Lordship, is perhaps one of the most remarkable German embodiments of my argument’s contours. Brunner re-writes German history, so that the emergence of the Third Reich can be understood as a return to the pre-monarchy, pre-nation-state relationship of early medieval Germans to German land. Like other Blut und Boden writers, such as Knut Hamsun and Friedrich Griese, Brunner embodies populist nativism on a decentralized model of right and law, one that is compatible with a multi-territorial Reich, but not with the centralized state that arose with Bismarck.

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"The Background, 1815–1862." In Bismarck and Germany, 43–56. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315833644-12.

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"The Constitutional Conflict and the Liberal Opposition." In Bismarck and Germany, 59–63. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315833644-14.

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"THE GERMAN QUESTION, 1860–1866 Public Opinion and German Unity: The Nationalverein." In Bismarck and Germany, 64–80. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315833644-15.

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"The Creation of the North German Confederation, 1866–1867." In Bismarck and Germany, 83–88. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315833644-17.

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"Bismarck, Napoleon and the Southern States." In Bismarck and Germany, 89–93. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315833644-18.

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"The Franco-Prussian War and the Unification of Germany, 1870–1871." In Bismarck and Germany, 94–100. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315833644-19.

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Conference papers on the topic "Bismarck, Otto, Germany. Germany"

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Grote, Karl-H., and Christiane Beyer. "Computer Supported Product Development Through Integration of CAD, Rapid Prototyping and 3D-Digitizing Helps the Productivity of Former East German Companies." In ASME 1996 Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/96-detc/dfm-1404.

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Abstract In socialistic countries, customer satisfaction and the market conditions were not of high priority: Some selected parts of the market products were of satisfactory costs and quality to customers. Quality and costs of a product decide on its success in the world-wide market. The wishes and expectations of the customer for a high-quality and low-priced product continue to grow, however, with the desire for faster availability of this product. The customer determines also the delivery time and other competitive factors as the durability of the product. At present the trend goes towards shorter product life cycles, which in turn requires reduced time spent on the product development. With these complex market requirements and growing diversity of the products the engineer faces new challenges in his development tasks. It can be paraphrased as follows: In reduced lifecycles a quality-assured and advantageous product has to be developed despite increasing complexity of the design and demands for reduction of material used, manpower and monetary spending. For the solution of this complex problem the following suggestions are tested and implemented: • Structured design process for the development process, • Simultaneous work where ever possible during the development stages, • Employment of modern resources for the product development, • Use of information technology and • Implementation of rapid prototyping for models and in secondary manufacturing processes. An important research field at the Department of Mechanical Engineering Design at the Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg is research and further development of productive procedures and tools for the realization of a computer integrated product development process. This process includes the effective application of technologies to produce the prototypes for presentation, producibility analysis and production. Of particular interest is the closed process chain (loop) from Solid Modeling via Rapid Prototyping and 3D-Digitizing where the entry point of this process chain depends on the needs of the application or particular interest of the innovating company. Information for faster and more competitive preparation, verification and Re-Engineering of existing and established products, which have to be adjusted to the world-market needs, will be made available. The results of this applied research offer opportunities to display new developed products for the lagging industries in the former East Germany, and furthermore arranging for necessary venture capital to produce the product, to gain information about possible suppliers and manufacturing opportunities in order to minimize the investors’ risks of an enterprise.

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