Academic literature on the topic 'BIT Index'

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Journal articles on the topic "BIT Index"

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Rinfret, Denis, Patrick O'Neil, and Elizabeth O'Neil. "Bit-sliced index arithmetic." ACM SIGMOD Record 30, no. 2 (June 2001): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/376284.375669.

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Adikaram, K. K. L. B., M. A. Hussein, M. Effenberger, and T. Becker. "Multiple Memory Structure Bit Reversal Algorithm Based on Recursive Patterns of Bit Reversal Permutation." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/827509.

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With the increasing demand for online/inline data processing efficient Fourier analysis becomes more and more relevant. Due to the fact that the bit reversal process requires considerable processing time of the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithm, it is vital to optimize the bit reversal algorithm (BRA). This paper is to introduce an efficient BRA with multiple memory structures. In 2009, Elster showed the relation between the first and the second halves of the bit reversal permutation (BRP) and stated that it may cause serious impact on cache performance of the computer, if implemented. We found exceptions, especially when the said index mapping was implemented with multiple one-dimensional memory structures instead of multidimensional or one-dimensional memory structure. Also we found a new index mapping, even after the recursive splitting of BRP into equal sized slots. The four-array and the four-vector versions of BRA with new index mapping reported 34% and 16% improvement in performance in relation to similar versions of Linear BRA of Elster which uses single one-dimensional memory structure.
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Miska, S., J. Rajtar, and F. Luo. "Type Curves for Predicting Directional Tendencies of Simple Bottom-Hole Assemblies." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 120, no. 3 (September 1, 1998): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2795035.

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The paper provides solutions for predicting directional tendencies of slick and single stabilizer bottom-hole assemblies (BHA) in curved boreholes. Solutions are derived in a curvilinear system of coordinates in a dimensionless form. These solutions are presented in the form of type curves. Type curves allow for quick evaluation of directional tendencies of a given BHA by providing values of side force and tilt angle at the bit. Using these values an anticipated direction of bit displacement is evaluated, using concepts of formation anisotropy index (FAI) and bit anisotropy index (BAI). Procedures are illustrated by examples of evaluation of side force and tilt at the bit for a slick and single stabilizer BHA. The resulting bit displacements are calculated assuming formation anisotropy and drill bit directional tendencies (FAI and BAI). The results derived from type curves are in agreement with computer simulated data. The comparison shows that application of graphical solutions (type curves) yields only slight error that can be ignored for practical purposes.
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CHLAMTÁČ, EDEN, and ISHAY HAVIV. "Linear Index Coding via Semidefinite Programming." Combinatorics, Probability and Computing 23, no. 2 (November 29, 2013): 223–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963548313000564.

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In theindex codingproblem, introduced by Birk and Kol (INFOCOM, 1998), the goal is to broadcast ann-bit word tonreceivers (one bit per receiver), where the receivers haveside informationrepresented by a graphG. The objective is to minimize the length of a codeword sent to all receivers which allows each receiver to learn its bit. Forlinearindex coding, the minimum possible length is known to be equal to a graph parameter calledminrank(Bar-Yossef, Birk, Jayram and Kol,IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, 2011).We show a polynomial-time algorithm that, given ann-vertex graphGwith minrankk, finds a linear index code forGof lengthÕ(nf(k)), wheref(k) depends only onk. For example, fork= 3 we obtainf(3) ≈ 0.2574. Our algorithm employs a semidefinite program (SDP) introduced by Karger, Motwani and Sudan for graph colouring (J. Assoc. Comput. Mach., 1998) and its refined analysis due to Arora, Chlamtac and Charikar (STOC, 2006). Since the SDP we use is not a relaxation of the minimization problem we consider, a crucial component of our analysis is anupper boundon the objective value of the SDP in terms of the minrank.At the heart of our analysis lies a combinatorial result which may be of independent interest. Namely, we show an exact expression for the maximum possible value of the Lovász ϑ-function of a graph with minrankk. This yields a tight gap between two classical upper bounds on the Shannon capacity of a graph.
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JPT staff, _. "Drilling Index: A New Approach to Bit Performance Evaluation." Journal of Petroleum Technology 49, no. 12 (December 1, 1997): 1325. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/1297-1325-jpt.

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Huang, Shuanglin, Qiongying Tan, Yingyang Chen, and Bingli Jiao. "An Index-Bit Enabled Transmission Scheme With Dynamic Balancing." IEEE Communications Letters 24, no. 11 (November 2020): 2431–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2020.3007186.

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Xiao, Lixia, Da Chen, Ibrahim A. Hemadeh, Pei Xiao, and Tao Jiang. "Graph Theory Assisted Bit-to-Index-Combination Gray Coding for Generalized Index Modulation." IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 19, no. 12 (December 2020): 8232–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/twc.2020.3020692.

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Al-Bahadili, Hussein, and Saif Al-Saab. "Development of a Novel Compressed Index-Query Web Search Engine Model." International Journal of Information Technology and Web Engineering 6, no. 3 (July 2011): 39–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jitwe.2011070103.

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In this paper, the authors present a description of a new Web search engine model, the compressed index-query (CIQ) Web search engine model. This model incorporates two bit-level compression layers implemented at the back-end processor (server) side, one layer resides after the indexer acting as a second compression layer to generate a double compressed index (index compressor), and the second layer resides after the query parser for query compression (query compressor) to enable bit-level compressed index-query search. The data compression algorithm used in this model is the Hamming codes-based data compression (HCDC) algorithm, which is an asymmetric, lossless, bit-level algorithm permits CIQ search. The different components of the new Web model are implemented in a prototype CIQ test tool (CIQTT), which is used as a test bench to validate the accuracy and integrity of the retrieved data and evaluate the performance of the proposed model. The test results demonstrate that the proposed CIQ model reduces disk space requirements and searching time by more than 24%, and attains a 100% agreement when compared with an uncompressed model.
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Buckles, L. K., J. W. H. Weijers, D. Verschuren, C. Cocquyt, and J. S. Sinninghe Damsté. "Short-term variability in the sedimentary BIT index of Lake Challa, East Africa over the past 2200 years: validating the precipitation proxy." Climate of the Past Discussions 11, no. 2 (April 2, 2015): 1177–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-11-1177-2015.

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Abstract. The branched vs. isoprenoid index of tetraethers (BIT index) in Lake Challa sediments has been applied as a monsoon precipitation proxy on the assumption that the primary source of branched tetraether lipids (brGDGTs) was soil washed in from the lake's catchment. However, water column production has since been identified as the primary source of brGDGTs in Lake Challa, meaning that there is no longer a clear mechanism linking BIT index variation and precipitation. Here we investigate BIT index variation and GDGT concentrations at a decadal resolution over the past 2200 years, in combination with GDGT data from profundal surface sediments and 45 months of sediment-trap deployment. The 2200 year record reveals high-frequency variability in GDGT concentrations, and therefore the BIT index. Also surface sediments collected in January 2010 show a distinct shift in GDGT composition relative to those collected in August 2007. Increased bulk flux of settling particles with high Ti / Al ratios during March–April 2008 reflect an event of high detrital input to Lake Challa, concurrent with intense precipitation at the onset of the principal rain season that year. Although brGDGT distributions in the settling material are initially unaffected, this soil erosion event is succeeded by a large diatom bloom in July–August 2008 and a concurrent increase in GDGT-0 fluxes. Near-zero crenarchaeol fluxes indicate that no thaumarchaeotal bloom developed during the subsequent austral summer season; instead a peak in brGDGT fluxes is observed in December 2008. We suggest that increased nutrient availability, derived from eroded soil washed into the lake, stimulated both diatom productivity and the GDGT-0 producing archaea which help decompose dead diatoms passing through the suboxic zone of the water column. This disadvantaged the Thaumarchaeota that normally prosper during the following austral summer. Instead, a bloom of supposedly heterotrophic brGDGT-producing bacteria occurred. Episodic recurrence of such high soil-erosion events, integrated over multi-decadal and longer timescales and possibly enhanced by other mechanisms generating low BIT index values in dry years, can explain the positive relationship between the sedimentary BIT index and monsoon precipitation at Lake Challa. However, application elsewhere requires ascertaining the local situation of lacustrine brGDGT production and of variables affecting the productivity of Thaumarchaeota.
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Fatmasari, Diyah, Setiadji Musthofa, and Bedjo Santoso. "EFEKTIFITAS BUAH BIT (BETA VULGARIS) SEBAGAI DISCLOSING SOLUTION (BAHAN IDENTIFIKASI PLAK)." ODONTO : Dental Journal 1, no. 2 (December 1, 2014): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/odj.1.2.6-9.

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Background: Bit fruit (Beta vulgaris) is plants as group of vegetables, has potencial as a source of natural dyes for food products. In dental health, a coloring agent which has contrast color with teeth is used for dental plaque identification. Disclosing solution is the most common used material for this purpose. Purpose of this study was to identify if bit fruit can substitute disclosing solution as coloring agent for plaque identification. Method: Research design was Quasi Eksperimental Research.with Posttest Only Control Group Design. Samples was 36 elementary students which divided into 2 groups. Group 1 was 18 students given disclosing solution while group 2 was given bit fruit solution. Independent t test was used to determine diferences between two groups. Result: Research results showed mean of plaque index after application of bit fruit and disclosing solution was 3,75 and 2,66 , with independent t-test resulten significancy 0,000 < 0,05. There was differences of plaque index after two group of application. Conclusion: the bit fruit was more effective to determine plaque compared to disclosing solution.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "BIT Index"

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Dogrul, Selver Ayca. "The effect of global climate change on the release of terrestrial organic carbon in the Arctic Region." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-effect-of-global-climate-change-on-the-release-of-terrestrial-organic-carbon-in-the-arctic-region(64ed1c27-07ff-42b3-83a7-7803b4b697f4).html.

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The Arctic Region is currently experiencing an amplified warming if compared to the rest of the world. The soils in this region store approximately half of the global soil organic carbon (OC), mainly locked in the permanently-frozen ground (permafrost). This carbon sink is sensitive to global warming meaning that the predicted warming will likely increase the thaw-release of this ‘old’ carbon. However, what happens to this remobilized OC once it is transported to the Arctic Ocean, including the potential conversion to greenhouse gasses causing a positive feedback to climate warming, remains unclear. In this work, we further investigate the fate of terrestrial derived OC (terrOC) in the Eurasian Arctic Region. The key findings of this work are: • Glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) and bacteriohopanepolyols (BHPs) are present in marine sediments of the Eurasian Arctic Region and the associated Branched and Isoprenoidal tetraether (BIT) and Rsoil indices can be used to trace terrOC in marine realm. However, a slight modification in the Rsoil index is suggested (R’soil). • Analyses indicate that the behaviour of BIT is largely controlled by a marine GDGT contribution while the R’soil index is mainly controlled by the removal of soil marker BHPs. Although both indices suggest a non-conservative behavior for the terrOC, this leads to differences in the estimations for the percentage terrOC present. A multi-proxy approach is essential since the use of a single-proxy approach can lead to over/under estimation.• Comparison of BIT and 13Csoc indices across the East Siberian Shelf indicates that the BIT index is possibly reflecting a predominantly fluvial input while 13Csoc represents a mixed fluvial and coastal erosion input.• The macromolecular terrOC composition varies along a west-east Eurasian Arctic climosequence and is mainly controlled by the river runoff of surface derived terrOC and wetland coverage (sphagnum vs. higher plants) but is not affected by the presence/absence of continuous permafrost. • The phenols/(phenols+pyridines) ratio was suggested as a proxy to trace terrOC at the macromolecular level along the Kolyma River-East Siberian Sea transect. The results indicate a non-conservative behavior of the macromolecular terrOC comparable to the bulk of the terrOC.All molecular analyses/based proxies used showed that the remobilized terrOC in the Eurasian Arctic region behaves non-conservatively potentially causing a positive feedback to global climate change.
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Danda, Aishwarya Reddy, and Naga Manikanta Chama. "Application of NOMA for Mobile High Definition Images." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för tillämpad signalbehandling, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-21940.

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The telecommunications technology has been developed tremendously as there has been an ever-increasing demand for more speed and reliability. The enormous increase in the number of smart phones and other data consuming devices, combined with the development of enhanced multimedia applications has resulted in a dramatic increase in the volume of mobile data traffic. In order to accommodate the growing needs, it is required to utilise the spectrum efficiently. The design of radio access technology plays an important role in the aspect of system performance. These radio access technologies are typically characterised by the multiple-access techniques used. Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) is a multiple access scheme proposed for 5G and it utilises the power domain which was not sufficiently utilised in the previous systems.        This thesis work is mainly focused on the performance analysis of the NOMA technique in mobile media (images). This analysis is achieved by transmitting a high definition image at various power levels to two users who are located at two different distances from the base station. The images are transmitted through suitable noise channels. An analysis is done on how NOMA copes with the users having poor channel conditions. The performance is analysed by comparing the output images at both the receivers based on the structural similarity index and bit error rate parameters.
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Chan, Ka Ming Camay. "The profitability of index futures spread arbitrage strategies with bid and ask index quotes." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2001. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/337.

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Toljan, Irena. "Urban Space Index." Thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-256001.

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Architects and urban designers have a unique background to deal with the experiential qualities of cities. Quality of urban spaces is an essential aspect of livability (Southworth, 2003). The quality of urban spaces is important, specifically the interaction between buildings and the street, and it has been explored by Jane Jacobs, Jan Gehl and many more. BIM and CIM is new technology to analyze and design buildings and cities. With fast technology development, there are many options today on how to deal with the experiential qualities and make a 3D model using image-based input.
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Lindholm, Maj-Lis. "Utility of bispectral index (BIS) monitoring during general anesthesia." Stockholm, 2009. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2009/978-91-7409-697-2/.

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Fernández, Ramos Leandro, Rugel Renzo Ríos, and Aguilar John Marreros. "Más allá de la tecnología: BIM como una nueva filosofía." Civilizate, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/114559.

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BIM (Building Information Modeling, por sus siglas en inglés) es una metodología de trabajo multidisciplinario basado en modelos interoperables que mejora la comunicación y el flujo de la información de los stakeholders durante todo el ciclo de vida del proyecto. Esta metodología busca reemplazar a las herramientas tradicionales en el proceso de desarrollo de un proyecto y fomentar la industrialización dentro del sector de la construcción en cada una de sus fases. En este artículo, se brindará un resumen de los beneficios de emplear BIM en cada una de sus dimensiones (BIM-3D, BIM-4D, BIM-5D, BIM-6D y BIM-7D).
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Löchner, Sarah Rebekka [Verfasser]. "Korrelation des Surgical Stress Index (SSI) und des Analgesia Nociception Index (ANI) mit Seitendifferenzen des Bilateralen Bispektralen Index (BIS X4) / Sarah Rebekka Löchner." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1149050217/34.

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Schmeller, Bettina. "EEG-basierte Indices zur Detektion von Wachheit während Narkose Bispektral-Index (BIS) und Patient-State-Index (PSI) /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=972240047.

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Yiu, Fu-keung, and 饒富強. "Time series analysis of financial index." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31267804.

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Lira, Isabel. "Fran, big one (1988-2014)." THĒMIS-Revista de Derecho, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/109883.

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Books on the topic "BIT Index"

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Ich bin dann mal schlank: Kochbuch. Leipzig: Draksal-Fachverl., 2010.

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Ong, Li Lian. The Big Mac Index. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230512412.

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Wyss, Beat. Basel-Landschaft in Historischen Dokumenten: Register der Bände 1 bis 5. Basel: Liestal, 1998.

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Wyss, Beat, and Beat Wyss. Basel-Landschaft in Historischen Dokumenten: Register der Bände 1 bis 5. Basel: Liestal, 1998.

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Wyss, Beat. Basel-Landschaft in Historischen Dokumenten: Register der Bände 1 bis 5. Basel: Liestal, 1998.

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Reginald, R. Index litteratus. San Bernardino, Calif: Borgo Press, 2001.

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1857-1939, Poole Reginald Lane, and Bateson Mary 1865-1906, eds. Index Britanniae scriptorum: John Bale's index of British and other writers. Cambridge [England]: D.S. Brewer, 1990.

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John, Bale. Index Britanniae scriptorum: John Bale's Index of British and other writers. New York: AMS Press, 1989.

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Wrangham, Edward. The index of inrō artists =: [Inrō daijiten]. Alnwick: Harehope, 1995.

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Ordoño, Eustaquio O. 1999 BIR rulings: Digest, text, and index. Manila: Eustaquio O. Ordoño, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "BIT Index"

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Bingmann, Timo, Phelim Bradley, Florian Gauger, and Zamin Iqbal. "COBS: A Compact Bit-Sliced Signature Index." In String Processing and Information Retrieval, 285–303. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32686-9_21.

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Bhutta, Kashif. "Calculating Aggregates with Range-Encoded Bit-Sliced Index." In Intelligent Data Engineering and Automated Learning — IDEAL 2002, 43–49. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45675-9_8.

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Joux, Antoine. "Faster Index Calculus for the Medium Prime Case Application to 1175-bit and 1425-bit Finite Fields." In Advances in Cryptology – EUROCRYPT 2013, 177–93. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38348-9_11.

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Li, Zongying. "The Application of the Pseudo Random Bit Index Sequence in the Image Encryption Algorithm." In Advances in Computer Science, Intelligent System and Environment, 19–24. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23777-5_4.

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Ong, Li Lian. "Big Macs and Wages To Go, Please: Comparing the Purchasing Power of Earnings Around the World." In The Big Mac Index, 92–108. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230512412_5.

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Ong, Li Lian, and Jason D. Mitchell. "Professors and Hamburgers: An International Comparison of Real Academic Salaries." In The Big Mac Index, 109–21. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230512412_6.

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Ong, Li Lian. "The Economics of the Big Mac Standard." In The Big Mac Index, 51–87. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230512412_3.

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Ong, Li Lian. "‘Burgernomics’ and the ASEAN Currency Crisis." In The Big Mac Index, 88–91. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230512412_4.

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Ong, Li Lian. "Purchasing Power Parity: A Survey of the Issues." In The Big Mac Index, 1–28. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230512412_1.

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Ong, Li Lian, and Yihui Lan. "The Growing Evidence on Purchasing Power Parity." In The Big Mac Index, 29–50. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230512412_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "BIT Index"

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Rinfret, Denis, Patrick O'Neil, and Elizabeth O'Neil. "Bit-sliced index arithmetic." In the 2001 ACM SIGMOD international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/375663.375669.

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Macini, Paolo, Matteo Magagni, and Pietro Valente. "Drill-Bit Catalog and Bit Index: a New Method for Bit Performance Evaluation." In SPE Latin American and Caribbean Petroleum Engineering Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/94798-ms.

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Mackerras, Paul, and Brian Corrie. "Index bit permutations for automatic data redistribution." In the IEEE symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/266638.266646.

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Macini, Paolo, Matteo Magagni, Giovanni Da Dalt, and Pietro Valente. "Bit Performance Evaluation Revisited by Means of Bit Index and Formation Drillability Catalogue." In SPE/IADC Middle East Drilling and Technology Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/107536-ms.

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Rinfret, Denis. "Answering preference queries with bit-sliced index arithmetic." In the 2008 C3S2E conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1370256.1370286.

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Perrin, V. P., Graham Mensa-Wilmot, and W. L. Alexander. "Drilling Index - A New Approach to Bit Performance Evaluation." In SPE/IADC Drilling Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/37595-ms.

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Jinhui Chen, Zhongfu Ye, and Min Tang. "A multipattern matching algorithm using sampling and bit index." In 2008 IEEE/ACS International Conference on Computer Systems and Applications (AICCSA). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aiccsa.2008.4493509.

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Giorgetti, A., A. Sgambelluri, F. Paolucci, N. Sambo, P. Castoldi, and F. Cugini. "Bit Index Explicit Replication (BIER) multicasting in transport networks." In 2017 International Conference on Optical Network Design and Modeling (ONDM). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/ondm.2017.7958551.

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O'Hare, Jim, and Osarumwense O. A. Aigbekaen. "Design Index: A Systematic Method of PDC Drill-Bit Selection." In IADC/SPE Drilling Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/59112-ms.

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Dumitrescu, Sorina, and Yinghan Wan. "Bit-error resilient index assignment for multiple description scalar quantizers." In 2013 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isit.2013.6620214.

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Reports on the topic "BIT Index"

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Dolganow, A., T. Przygienda, and S. Aldrin. Multicast Using Bit Index Explicit Replication (BIER). Edited by I. Wijnands and E. Rosen. RFC Editor, November 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc8279.

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Kumar, N., A. Dolganow, T. Przygienda, J. Zhang, and S. Aldrin. OSPFv2 Extensions for Bit Index Explicit Replication (BIER). Edited by P. Psenak. RFC Editor, November 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc8444.

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Sivakumar, M., T. Przygienda, S. Aldrin, and A. Dolganow. Multicast VPN Using Bit Index Explicit Replication (BIER). Edited by E. Rosen. RFC Editor, April 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc8556.

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Przygienda, T., S. Aldrin, and Z. Zhang. Bit Index Explicit Replication (BIER) Support via IS-IS. Edited by L. Ginsberg. RFC Editor, June 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc8401.

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Dolganow, A., J. Tantsura, S. Aldrin, and I. Meilik. Encapsulation for Bit Index Explicit Replication (BIER) in MPLS and Non-MPLS Networks. Edited by E. Rosen. RFC Editor, January 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc8296.

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6

Wnek, Gary E., and Thomas W. Smith. Block Copolymer Composites: A Bio-Optic Synthetic System for Dynamic Control of Refractive Index. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada434903.

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7

Cavalli, Nicolò. Future orientation and fertility: cross-national evidence using Google search. Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/populationyearbook2020.res06.

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Using digital traces to investigate demographic behaviours, I leverage in this paper aggregated web search data to develop a Future Orientation Index for 200 countries and territories across the world. This index is expressed as the ratio of Google search volumes for ‘next year’ (e.g., 2021) to search volumes for ‘current year’ (e.g., 2020), adjusted for country-level internet penetration rates. I show that countries with lower levels of future orientation also have higher levels of fertility. Fertility rates decrease quickly as future orientation levels increase; but at the highest levels of future orientation, this correlation flattens out. Theoretically, I reconstruct the role that varying degrees of future orientation might play in fertility decisions by incorporating advances in behavioural economics into a traditional quantity-quality framework à la Becker.
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8

Duvvuri, Sarvani, and Srinivas S. Pulugurtha. Researching Relationships between Truck Travel Time Performance Measures and On-Network and Off-Network Characteristics. Mineta Transportation Institute, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.1946.

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Trucks serve significant amount of freight tonnage and are more susceptible to complex interactions with other vehicles in a traffic stream. While traffic congestion continues to be a significant ‘highway’ problem, delays in truck travel result in loss of revenue to the trucking companies. There is a significant research on the traffic congestion mitigation, but a very few studies focused on data exclusive to trucks. This research is aimed at a regional-level analysis of truck travel time data to identify roads for improving mobility and reducing congestion for truck traffic. The objectives of the research are to compute and evaluate the truck travel time performance measures (by time of the day and day of the week) and use selected truck travel time performance measures to examine their correlation with on-network and off-network characteristics. Truck travel time data for the year 2019 were obtained and processed at the link level for Mecklenburg County, Wake County, and Buncombe County, NC. Various truck travel time performance measures were computed by time of the day and day of the week. Pearson correlation coefficient analysis was performed to select the average travel time (ATT), planning time index (PTI), travel time index (TTI), and buffer time index (BTI) for further analysis. On-network characteristics such as the speed limit, reference speed, annual average daily traffic (AADT), and the number of through lanes were extracted for each link. Similarly, off-network characteristics such as land use and demographic data in the near vicinity of each selected link were captured using 0.25 miles and 0.50 miles as buffer widths. The relationships between the selected truck travel time performance measures and on-network and off-network characteristics were then analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient analysis. The results indicate that urban areas, high-volume roads, and principal arterial roads are positively correlated with the truck travel time performance measures. Further, the presence of agricultural, light commercial, heavy commercial, light industrial, single-family residential, multi-family residential, office, transportation, and medical land uses increase the truck travel time performance measures (decrease the operational performance). The methodological approach and findings can be used in identifying potential areas to serve as truck priority zones and for planning decentralized delivery locations.
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Baral, Aniruddha, Jeffrey Roesler, M. Ley, Shinhyu Kang, Loren Emerson, Zane Lloyd, Braden Boyd, and Marllon Cook. High-volume Fly Ash Concrete for Pavements Findings: Volume 1. Illinois Center for Transportation, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-030.

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High-volume fly ash concrete (HVFAC) has improved durability and sustainability properties at a lower cost than conventional concrete, but its early-age properties like strength gain, setting time, and air entrainment can present challenges for application to concrete pavements. This research report helps with the implementation of HVFAC for pavement applications by providing guidelines for HVFAC mix design, testing protocols, and new tools for better quality control of HVFAC properties. Calorimeter tests were performed to evaluate the effects of fly ash sources, cement–fly ash interactions, chemical admixtures, and limestone replacement on the setting times and hydration reaction of HVFAC. To better target the initial air-entraining agent dosage for HVFAC, a calibration curve between air-entraining dosage for achieving 6% air content and fly ash foam index test has been developed. Further, a digital foam index test was developed to make this test more consistent across different labs and operators. For a more rapid prediction of hardened HVFAC properties, such as compressive strength, resistivity, and diffusion coefficient, an oxide-based particle model was developed. An HVFAC field test section was also constructed to demonstrate the implementation of a noncontact ultrasonic device for determining the final set time and ideal time to initiate saw cutting. Additionally, a maturity method was successfully implemented that estimates the in-place compressive strength of HVFAC through wireless thermal sensors. An HVFAC mix design procedure using the tools developed in this project such as the calorimeter test, foam index test, and particle-based model was proposed to assist engineers in implementing HVFAC pavements.
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Ruosteenoja, Kimmo. Applicability of CMIP6 models for building climate projections for northern Europe. Finnish Meteorological Institute, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35614/isbn.9789523361416.

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In this report, we have evaluated the performance of nearly 40 global climate models (GCMs) participating in Phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). The focus is on the northern European area, but the ability to simulate southern European and global climate is discussed as well. Model evaluation was started with a technical control; completely unrealistic values in the GCM output files were identified by seeking the absolute minimum and maximum values. In this stage, one GCM was rejected totally, and furthermore individual output files from two other GCMs. In evaluating the remaining GCMs, the primary tool was the Model Climate Performance Index (MCPI) that combines RMS errors calculated for the different climate variables into one index. The index takes into account both the seasonal and spatial variations in climatological means. Here, MCPI was calculated for the period 1981—2010 by comparing GCM output with the ERA-Interim reanalyses. Climate variables explored in the evaluation were the surface air temperature, precipitation, sea level air pressure and incoming solar radiation at the surface. Besides MCPI, we studied RMS errors in the seasonal course of the spatial means by examining each climate variable separately. Furthermore, the evaluation procedure considered model performance in simulating past trends in the global-mean temperature, the compatibility of future responses to different greenhouse-gas scenarios and the number of available scenario runs. Daily minimum and maximum temperatures were likewise explored in a qualitative sense, but owing to the non-existence of data from multiple GCMs, these variables were not incorporated in the quantitative validation. Four of the 37 GCMs that had passed the initial technical check were regarded as wholly unusable for scenario calculations: in two GCMs the responses to the different greenhouse gas scenarios were contradictory and in two other GCMs data were missing from one of the four key climate variables. Moreover, to reduce inter-GCM dependencies, no more than two variants of any individual GCM were included; this led to an abandonment of one GCM. The remaining 32 GCMs were divided into three quality classes according to the assessed performance. The users of model data can utilize this grading to select a subset of GCMs to be used in elaborating climate projections for Finland or adjacent areas. Annual-mean temperature and precipitation projections for Finland proved to be nearly identical regardless of whether they were derived from the entire ensemble or by ignoring models that had obtained the lowest scores. Solar radiation projections were somewhat more sensitive.
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