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1
Tajkov, Zoltán, Dávid Visontai, László Oroszlány, and János Koltai. "Topological Phase Diagram of BiTeX–Graphene Hybrid Structures." Applied Sciences 9, no. 20 (October 15, 2019): 4330. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9204330.
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Combining graphene with other novel layered materials is a possible way for engineering the band structure of charge carriers. Strong spin-orbit coupling in BiTeX compounds and the recent fabrication of a single layer of BiTeI points towards a feasible experimental realization of a Kane–Mele phase in graphene-based heterostructures. Here, we theoretically demonstrate the tunability of the topological phase of hybrid systems built from graphene and BiTeX (X = I, Br, Cl) layers by uniaxial in-plane tensile and out-of plane compressive strain. We show that structural stress inherently present in fabricated samples could induce a topological phase transition, thus turning the sample in a novel experimental realization of a time reversal invariant topological insulator.
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Tarrega, Amparo, Claude Yven, Etienne Semon, Patrick Mielle, and Christian Salles. "Effect of Oral Physiology Parameters on In-Mouth Aroma Compound Release Using Lipoprotein Matrices: An In Vitro Approach." Foods 8, no. 3 (March 21, 2019): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods8030106.
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Temporal aroma compound release during eating is a function of the physicochemical properties of the food matrix, aroma compounds, and oral physiology of individuals. However, the influence of each parameter on the release of each aroma component should be clarified. Two flavored lipoprotein matrices varying in composition were chewed in a chewing simulator that reproduced most of the physiological functions of the mouth. Aroma compound releases (butanoic acid, 2-heptanone, ethyl butyrate, 3-octanone, and 2-nonanone) were followed in real time by direct connection of the device to APCI-MS (atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry). Each oral parameter was controlled and decoupled using the in vitro device. The food matrix composition had only a low impact on aroma compound release, but the controlled oral parameters had significantly different influences on the release of aroma compounds according to their physicochemical characteristics. The release of certain compounds seemed more sensitive to bite force, while others seemed more sensitive to the shearing angle. The salivary flow rate primarily influenced the more hydrophobic compounds. Significant interactions were also observed between shear angle, salivary flow rate, and lipoprotein matrix composition, mainly for the release of the more hydrophobic volatile compounds; this needs further investigations to be clarified.
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Murini, Tri, Mae Sri Hartati Wahyuningsih, Tri Baskoro Tunggul Satoto, Achmad Fudholi, and Muhammad Hanafi. "ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF NATURALLY OCCURRING LARVICIDAL COMPOUND ISOLATED FROM ZINGIBER ZERUMBET (L).J.E. SMITH." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 11, no. 2 (February 1, 2018): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i2.21703.
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Objective: A naturally occurring larvicidal compound is an alternative to eradication of Aedes aegypti larvae. This compound is toxic to larvae but relatively safe for human. Rhizome of Lempuyang gajah (Zingiber zerumbet (L.) J. E. Smith) has been used traditionally to prevent mosquito bites. An initial study indicated that petroleum ether (PE) soluble fraction of the methanol (MeOH) extract of Z. zerumbet was toxic against larvae lethal concentration (LC50), 67.01±2.35 versus 153.57±4.01 ppm (MeOH ext.). Therefore, this study aimed to isolate and identify the compounds with larvicidal activity from Z. zerumbet rhizome.Methods: The PE soluble (PE-soluble) fraction was subjected to a bioassay-guided fractionation and isolation method to obtain four (4) fractions (I-IV). Two compounds (1 and 2) were isolated from Fraction I that was the most active compared to other fractions (II-IV). Compound 1 turned out to be more active than compound 2; therefore, compound 1 was then identified by means of spectroscopic data.Results: Based on the LC50 values, compound 1 was more active than compound 2 (LC50, 41.75±0.05 and LC90, 57.66±3.37 [1] versus 1122.27±1.80 and 1875.69±1.35 ppm [2]), and compound 1 was identified as Zerumbone.Conclusion: Zerumbone was the main active compound; in the future, this compound can be formulated as a standardized preparation based on the content.
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Dobson, James S., Christina N. Zdenek, Chris Hay, Aude Violette, Rudy Fourmy, Chip Cochran, and Bryan G. Fry. "Varanid Lizard Venoms Disrupt the Clotting Ability of Human Fibrinogen through Destructive Cleavage." Toxins 11, no. 5 (May 7, 2019): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins11050255.
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The functional activities of Anguimorpha lizard venoms have received less attention compared to serpent lineages. Bite victims of varanid lizards often report persistent bleeding exceeding that expected for the mechanical damage of the bite. Research to date has identified the blockage of platelet aggregation as one bleeding-inducing activity, and destructive cleavage of fibrinogen as another. However, the ability of the venoms to prevent clot formation has not been directly investigated. Using a thromboelastograph (TEG5000), clot strength was measured after incubating human fibrinogen with Heloderma and Varanus lizard venoms. Clot strengths were found to be highly variable, with the most potent effects produced by incubation with Varanus venoms from the Odatria and Euprepriosaurus clades. The most fibrinogenolytically active venoms belonged to arboreal species and therefore prey escape potential is likely a strong evolutionary selection pressure. The results are also consistent with reports of profusive bleeding from bites from other notably fibrinogenolytic species, such as V. giganteus. Our results provide evidence in favour of the predatory role of venom in varanid lizards, thus shedding light on the evolution of venom in reptiles and revealing potential new sources of bioactive molecules useful as lead compounds in drug design and development.
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Preciado, Lina María, Jaime Andrés Pereañez, and Jeffrey Comer. "Potential of Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Local Tissue Damage Induced by a Type P-I Snake Venom Metalloproteinase." Toxins 12, no. 1 (December 20, 2019): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins12010008.
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Snake bite envenoming is a public health problem that was recently included in the list of neglected tropical diseases of the World Health Organization. In the search of new therapies for the treatment of local tissue damage induced by snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs), we tested the inhibitory activity of peptidomimetic compounds designed as inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases on the activities of the SVMP Batx-I, from Bothrops atrox venom. The evaluated compounds show great potential for the inhibition of Batx-I proteolytic, hemorrhagic and edema-forming activities, especially the compound CP471474, a peptidomimetic including a hydroxamate zinc binding group. Molecular dynamics simulations suggest that binding of this compound to the enzyme is mediated by the electrostatic interaction between the hydroxamate group and the zinc cofactor, as well as contacts, mainly hydrophobic, between the side chain of the compound and amino acids located in the substrate binding subsites S1 and S1 ′ . These results show that CP471474 constitutes a promising compound for the development of co-adjuvants to neutralize local tissue damage induced by snake venom metalloproteinases.
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HIRATA, M., E. KUNIEDA, and M. TOBISA. "Short-term ingestive behaviour of cattle grazing tropical stoloniferous grasses with contrasting growth forms." Journal of Agricultural Science 148, no. 5 (June 25, 2010): 615–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859610000353.
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SUMMARYRelationships between sward height and short-term ingestive behaviour of cattle were examined for two tropical stoloniferous grasses with contrasting growth forms: centipede grass (Eremochloa ophiuroides(Munro) Hack.; (CG); strongly prostrate) and bahia grass (Paspalum notatumFlügge; (BG); more erect). Turves (500×500 mm) were extracted from field monoculture swards of each grass after the varying duration of re-growth, and presented to animals for a short period (10 bites) to measure bite dimensions (area, depth and volume), bite mass, time per bite and intake rate. In the same re-growth period, CG was always shorter and denser than BG. Bite dimensions, the bite mass and the intake rate of animals increased at a declining rate as the sward height increased for both grasses, showing a tendency for a steeper initial increase, an earlier plateau and a lower maximum in CG than in BG. Due to the difference in the shape of the intake rate response, animals on BG were estimated to require a longer grazing time than those on CG to attain the same daily herbage intake, when the sward is shorter than about 200 mm. The sward height below which the daily intake of animals may be restricted was lower for CG (61–70 mm) than for BG (71–92 mm). The results indicate an advantage of strongly prostrated, highly dense grasses (e.g. CG) over more erect, less dense grasses (e.g. BG) when grazed at a relatively low height (<200 mm). In relation to increasing bite mass, the time per bite pooled over CG and BG was constant until the bite mass reached a critical value (0·55 g dry matter (DM)) and thereafter increased linearly with the bite mass, confirming that cattle are able to perform compound jaw movements that gather herbage into the mouth (manipulative jaw movement) and chew herbage already in the mouth (chewing jaw movement) within one cycle of opening and closing of the jaws.
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Hasanova, G. S., A. I. Aghazade, Y. A. Yusibov, and M. B. Babanly. "Thermodynamıc Propertıes of the BiTe and Bi8Te9 Compounds." Physics and Chemistry of Solid State 21, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 714–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/pcss.21.4.714-719.
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Two-phase alloys Bi8Te9+Bi4Te5 and BiTe+Bi8Te9 were studied by the electromotive forces method (EMF) in the temperature range 300-450 K. From the EMF data, the relative partial molar functions of bismuth in the alloys were calculated. The potential-forming reactions responsible for these partial functions were compiled, the values of the standard thermodynamic functions of formation, and the standard entropies of Bi8Te9 and BiTe compounds were calculated. A comparative analysis of the data for BiTe with the literature data was carried out; for Bi8Te9, the thermodynamic functions were obtained for the first time.
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Medalia, A. I., A. L. Alesi, and J. L. Mead. "Pattern Abrasion and Other Mechanisms of Wear of Tank Track Pads." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 65, no. 1 (March 1, 1992): 154–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3538597.
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Abstract Wear of tank track pads has been studied under different conditions. With T142 pads tested on an M-60 tank, the mode of failure was found to depend on the test conditions. Among eighteen experimental compounds tested, improved wear (vs. the standard compound) under one test condition was generally at the expense of poorer wear under one or both of the other test conditions. However, in agreement with previous results, an HNBR/Zn-methacrylate/peroxide compound gave improved wear rate under all three test conditions. Wear of the T142 pads on a hilly cross-country course and on a combination course was generally by massive chunking. On a paved road course, most compounds wore by pattern abrasion. A few compounds worn on this course formed deep pockets parallel to the surface, resulting in the eventual loss of the large flaps between the pocket and the surface. Pattern abrasion was also found on T156 pads of four different compounds, tested on an M-1 tank on the paved road course. The abrasion patterns of both types of pads had a shingled appearance, with the ridges pitched so as to bite into the road surface. The abrasion patterns were characterized quantitatively by profilometry, using standard parameters calculated for surface roughness of metals and other materials. The ridge height and its ratio to ridge spacing correlated positively with wear rate on the paved road; whereas there was no correlation of ridge spacing with wear rate. The compounds which gave the lowest wear rate on the paved road, including the HNBR compounds, gave shallow ridges with little or no pattern.
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Castro, R., M. L. Durán, J. A. García-Vázquez, J. Romero, A. Sousa, A. Castiñeiras, W. Hiller, and J. Strähle. "Electrochemical Syntheses of Pyrimidine-2-thiolato Complexes of Nickel(II) / Crystal and Molecular Structure of 2,2′-Bipyridine-bis(pyrimidine-2-thiolato)nickel(II) Monohydrate." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 45, no. 12 (December 1, 1990): 1632–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1990-1206.
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The electrochemical oxidation of nickel in pyrimidine-2-thione (pymt H) solution yields a compound of formula [Ni(pymt)2]. When pyridine (py), 2,2′-bipyridine (bipy) or 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) are added to the solution phase, the product obtained is a complex [Ni(pymt)2py2] or [Ni(pymt)2L] (L = bipy or phen). The crystal structure of [Ni(pymt)2bipy] · H2O is monoclinic, space group P 21/c, with a = 726.6(2), b = 1586.2(2), c = 1696.7(4) pm, β = 99.04(4)° and Z = 4. The nickel atom has highly distorted octahedral coordination and the pyrimidine-2-thiolato ligand is bidentate, forming two four-membered chelate rings with a small “bite” angle of ca. 68°. The two sulphur atoms are in a trans arrangement. The vibrational and electronic spectra of the compounds are discussed.
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Pooja S Dev and Meenatchisundaram S. "In vitro Neutralisation Potential of Metal-Herbal (Copper-Leucas zeylanica) Nanocomposite (MHNC) against Naja naja and Bungarus caeruleus Venoms." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL4 (December 21, 2020): 2084–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl4.4423.
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Snake-bite gives rise to significant socio-economic, and limitations of antivenom have raised the necessity for the development of novel neutralising compounds. The present study concentrates on evaluating the neutralisation potential of Copper nanoparticles, Leucas zeylanica leaf extracts and Metal-Herbal Nanocomposite (MHNC) against Naja naja and Bungarus caeruleus venoms. The antigenic potency of snake venoms was determined by gel precipitation test. Leucas zeylanica leaves were used for extraction, and extracts were further purified by column chromatography. Size of Leucas zeylanica extract was found to be 86.7±7.1nm and 249.4±27.3nm for MHNC. Zeta potential values determined the Stability of the MHNC. MHNC showed higher neutralisation to venoms than the Leucas zeylanica extracts. In direct hemolysis, the efficiency of Naja naja and Bungarus caeruleus venoms treated with Leucas zeylanica leaf extract was found to be 30% and 27.2%, whereas MHNC showed 16.1% against Naja naja venom and 17.1% Bungarus caeruleus venom. From Indirect analysis, Naja naja and Bungarus caeruleus venom were able to produce 28mm and 26mm diameter hemolytic halo zones. On treatment with MHNC, the zones were reduced to 15mm and 11mm than Leucas zeylanica extract. This result indicates the MHNC can be used for the treatment of snake bites.
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Novosad, Josef, Karl W. Törnroos, Marek Necas, Alexandra M. Z. Slawin, J. Derek Woollins, and Steinar Husebye. "Reaction of large-bite ligands with various tellurium compounds." Polyhedron 18, no. 22 (September 1999): 2861–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0277-5387(99)00195-3.
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Pugliese, Michela, Gabriella Gaglio, Annamaria Passantino, Emanuele Brianti, and Ettore Napoli. "Natural Products against Sand Fly Vectors of Leishmaniosis: A Systematic Review." Veterinary Sciences 8, no. 8 (July 30, 2021): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci8080150.
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Leishmaniosis is a vector-borne disease transmitted to animals and humans by the bite of blood-sucking phlebotomine sand flies. These small insects play a crucial role in the diffusion of the disease. To date, the sole strategy recognized for the prevention of leishmaniosis is the use of topical repellent compounds against sand fly bites. Several synthetic insecticides and repellents have been developed; however, the wide and unprejudiced use of these formulations have led to the loss of their effectiveness and the development of resistance phenomena. Moreover, some of these synthetic repellents have severe detrimental effects on the environment and could represent a serious threat to both animal and human health. Recently, an increased interest in the research on alternative approaches to sand fly control has been expressed. In this study, we systematically reviewed the efforts of the scientific community to individuate a phytochemical alternative for the control of sand fly species recognized as vectors of Leishmania spp. Based on literature research using different electronic databases, a total of 527 potentially relevant studies were screened and narrowed down to a final 14 eligible scientific reports. Our analysis suggests that although there is a rapidly growing body of literature dedicated to botanical insecticides and repellents against sand fly vectors of Leishmania spp., much of this literature is limited to in vitro studies conducted in laboratory conditions, and only a few of them investigated the repellency of plant-based products. These studies highlighted that natural compounds display a really short period of action and this significantly limits the use of these products as an alternative to chemical-based repellents.
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Papp, Tamara, László Kollár, and Tamás Kégl. "Estimation of Bite Angle Effect on the Electronic Structure of Cobalt-Phosphine Complexes: A QTAIM Study." Journal of Quantum Chemistry 2014 (January 29, 2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/528072.
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The influence of bite angle in bisphosphine complexes has been modeled by DFT calculations employing the simple model compound HCo(CO)(PP) (PP = Xantphos or two monophosphine ligands). The increase of the bite angle increases the strength of the H–Co bond, whereas the C–O bond in the carbonyl ligand is weakened revealing an increase also in the donor character. The model compound cis-[HCo(CO)(PPh3)2] shows a flexibility both in terms of energy, and in terms of electronic structure upon the change of the P-Co-P angle, which can be a sign of the flexibility of PPh3 ligands in real reaction conditions.
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Ngoc Nguyen, Yen, Khanh Quoc Dang, and Injoon Son. "Thermal Stability of Electroless NiP Diffusion Barrier on BiTe-Based Thermoelectric Materials." Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics 16, no. 5 (May 1, 2021): 812–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jno.2021.3009.
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To produce BiTe-based thermoelectric modules, BiTe-based species with an electroless NiP (EN) coating layer acting as a diffusion barrier were connected to Cu electrodes by a soldering process. In order to investigate the thermal stability of the EN diffusion barrier on BiTe-based thermoelectric materials, Ni-coated BiTe-based modules were annealed at 200 °C for 200, 500, and 1000 h. The bonding strength of the BiTe species was >8 MPa, and it remained stable after 200, 500, and 1000 heating hours. The interfacial structure indicated the formation of a Sn–Cu intermetallic compound (IMC) below the EN-plated region. The morphology of Sn–Cu IMC before and after heating was observed. As the current flow was applied through the BiTe-based thermoelectric module, the temperatures on the hot and cold side of the modules were recorded. Owing to the thermal stability of the EN layer, the 200 h heated modules presented heating and cooling efficiencies similar to those of non-heated modules.
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Lockhart, Jennifer. "Methionine-Derived Glucosinolates: The Compounds That Give Brassicas Their Bite." Plant Cell 31, no. 7 (April 25, 2019): 1429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1105/tpc.19.00299.
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Kim, Jin Hee, Song Yi Back, Jae Hyun Yun, Ho Seong Lee, and Jong-Soo Rhyee. "Scattering Mechanisms and Suppression of Bipolar Diffusion Effect in Bi2Te2.85Se0.15Ix Compounds." Materials 14, no. 6 (March 22, 2021): 1564. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14061564.
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We investigated the anisotropic thermoelectric properties of the Bi2Te2.85Se0.15Ix (x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5 mol.%) compounds, synthesized by ball-milling and hot-press sintering. The electrical conductivities of the Bi2Te2.85Se0.15Ix were significantly improved by the increase of carrier concentration. The dominant electronic scattering mechanism was changed from the mixed (T ≤ 400 K) and ionization scattering (T ≥ 420 K) for pristine compound (x = 0.0) to the acoustic phonon scattering by the iodine doping. The Hall mobility was also enhanced with the increasing carrier concentration. The enhancement of Hall mobility was caused by the increase of the mean free path of the carrier from 10.8 to 17.7 nm by iodine doping, which was attributed to the reduction of point defects without the meaningful change of bandgap energy. From the electron diffraction patterns, a lattice distortion was observed in the iodine doped compounds. The modulation vector due to lattice distortion increased with increasing iodine concentration, indicating the shorter range lattice distortion in real space for the higher iodine concentration. The bipolar thermal conductivity was suppressed, and the effective masses were increased by iodine doping. It suggests that the iodine doping minimizes the ionization scattering giving rise to the suppression of the bipolar diffusion effect, due to the prohibition of the BiTe1 antisite defect, and induces the lattice distortion which decreases lattice thermal conductivity, resulting in the enhancement of thermoelectric performance.
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Shaw, Luke, D. M. Upulani K. Somisara, Rebecca C. How, Nicholas J. Westwood, Pieter C. A. Bruijnincx, Bert M. Weckhuysen, and Paul C. J. Kamer. "Electronic and bite angle effects in catalytic C–O bond cleavage of a lignin model compound using ruthenium Xantphos complexes." Catalysis Science & Technology 7, no. 3 (2017): 619–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cy00518g.
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Jones, Peter G., María J. Fernández-Rodríguez, and Antonio J. Martínez-Martínez. "(SP-4-2)-(4,4′-Di-tert-butyl-2,2′-bipyridine-κ2 N,N′)diiodidopalladium(II)." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 63, no. 11 (October 19, 2007): m2758. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536807050830.
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In the title compound, [PdI2(C18H24N2)], the coordination at the Pd atom is distorted square planar; the ligand bite is 79.19 (17)°. The compound is isotypic with the dichlorido analogue. The Pd—N bond lengths of 2.047 (4) and 2.062 (4)Å are ca 0.03 Å longer than those of the chloride derivative.
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Nguyen, Yen Ngoc, Khanh Quoc Dang, and Injoon Son. "Effect of the Electroless Nickel, Electroless Palladium, and Immersion Gold Multilayer as a Diffusion Barrier on the Bonding Strength of BiTe-Based Thermoelectric Modules." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 21, no. 8 (August 1, 2021): 4498–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2021.19431.
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An effective diffusion barrier layer was coated onto the surface of BiTe-based materials to avoid the formation of brittle intermetallic compounds (IMCs) by the diffusion of the constituents of Sn-based solder alloys into the BiTe-based alloys. In this study, the electrochemical deposition of multi-layers, i.e., electroless nickel/electroless palladium/immersion gold (ENEPIG) was explored to enhance the bonding strength of BiTe materials with Cu electrodes. The thermoelectric modules with the ENEPIG plating layer exhibited high bonding strengths of 8.96 MPa and 7.28 MPa for the n- and p-type, respectively that increased slightly to 9.26 MPa and 7.76 MPa, respectively after the thermoelectric modules were heated at 200 °C for 200 h. These bonding strengths were significantly higher than that of the thermoelectric modules without a plating layer.
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Vu, Thi Kim Oanh, Thu Ha Bui, Ngoc Thuc Dinh, and Nguyen Thanh Le. "Isolation and structural elucidation of some chemical constituents from Adinandra poilanei Gagnep." Ministry of Science and Technology, Vietnam 63, no. 7 (July 30, 2021): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31276/vjst.63(7).22-25.
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Adinandra genus (Pentaphylacaceae family) comprised over 100 species, among that more than 10 species distributed in Vietnam. Several Adinandra plants have been used for the treatment of cancer, snake bite, and stomach aches. Phytochemical study of A. poilanei stems collected in Lam Dong province led to the isolation of five compounds including lupeol (1), 2β-hydroxypomolic acid (2), 2,6-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone (3), scopoletin (4), and tyrosol (5). Compounds 2-5 were isolated from the Adinandra genus for the first time
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V., Aravinda, Ankita Bedwal, Kavitha Rajarathna, and Narayana Swamy M. "Pattern and pharmacotherapy of acute poisonings presenting to a tertiary care centre." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 6, no. 4 (March 25, 2017): 879. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20171097.
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Background: Acute poisoning, a therapeutic emergency and one of the common causes of morbidity and mortality globally. The rate of mortality in developed countries range from 1-2%, but in India it varies between 15-30%. According to World Health Organization (WHO), globally more than three million acute poisoning cases with 2,20,000 deaths occur annually. Most of the fatalities are due to the victim not reaching the hospital in time. This study aims to evaluate the pattern of acute cases of poisoning in tertiary care hospital attached to BMCRI.Methods: Prospective, observational study based on hospital records at tertiary care hospital (twelve months). Data regarding demographic profile and treatment was collected. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and SPSS-24.Results: Out of a total of 810 poisoning cases, 608 were included (381 poisoning, 138 drug overdose and 89 snake bite). Organophosphorus compounds (OPC) (131/608) and Aluminium phosphide (43/608) were the commonest poisons consumed in the age group 21-30 years. Sedative-hypnotics, non-benzodiazepine antiepileptics (non BZD AEDs) and paracetamol were common drug overdose cases. Snake bite accounted for 14.6%.Conclusions: OP compounds were the most common among poisons, while sedatives-hypnotics were frequently consumed drugs, followed by Snake bite. Young adults from urban areas were the common victims with suicidal intention. This reflects the need for stringent rules regarding the availability and sale of drugs and poisonous substances.
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Guan, Yifu, Dongying Wang, Ghee T. Tan, Nguyen Van Hung, Nguyen Manh Cuong, John M. Pezzuto, Harry H. S. Fong, Djaja Doel Soejarto, and Hongjie Zhang. "Litsea Species as Potential Antiviral Plant Sources." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 44, no. 02 (January 2016): 275–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x16500166.
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Litsea verticillata Hance (Lauraceae), a Chinese medicine used to treat swelling caused by injury or by snake bites, was the first plant identified by our National Institutes of Health (NIH)-funded International Cooperative Biodiversity Group (ICBG) project to exhibit anti-HIV activities. From this plant, we discovered a class of 8 novel litseane compounds, prototypic sesquiterpenes, all of which demonstrated anti-HIV activities. In subsequent studies, 26 additional compounds of different structural types were identified. During our continuing investigation of this plant species, we identified two new litseanes, litseaverticillols L and M, and a new sesquiterpene butenolide, litseasesquibutenolide. Litseaverticillols L and M were found to inhibit HIV-1 replication, with an IC[Formula: see text] value of 49.6[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]M. To further determine the antiviral properties of this plant, several relatively abundant isolates, including a litseane compound, two eudesmane sesquiterpenes and three lignans, were evaluated against an additional 21 viral targets. Lignans 8 and 9 were shown to be active against the Epstein–Barr Virus (EBV), with EC[Formula: see text] values of 22.0[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]M ([Formula: see text]) and 16.2[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]M ([Formula: see text]), respectively. Since many antiviral compounds have been discovered in L. verticillata, we further prepared 38 plant extracts made from the different plant parts of 9 additional Litsea species. These extracts were evaluated for their anti-HIV and cytotoxic activities, and four of the extracts, which ranged across three different species, displayed 97–100% inhibitory effects against HIV replication without showing cytotoxicity to a panel of human cell lines at a concentration of 20[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/mL.
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Gomes, Paulo, Luis Quirós-Guerrero, Abraão Muribeca, José Reis, Sônia Pamplona, Anderson Lima, Mariele Trindade, et al. "Constituents of Chamaecrista diphylla (L.) Greene Leaves with Potent Antioxidant Capacity: A Feature-Based Molecular Network Dereplication Approach." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 5 (May 10, 2021): 681. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13050681.
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Chamaecrista diphylla (L.) Greene (Fabaceae/Caesalpiniaceae) is a herbaceous plant that is widely distributed throughout the Americas. Plants from this genus have been used in traditional medicine as a laxative, to heal wounds, and to treat ulcers, snake and scorpion bites. In the present study, we investigated the chemical composition of Chamaecrista diphylla leaves through a mass spectrometry molecular network approach. The oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) for the ethanolic extract, enriched fractions and isolated compounds was assessed. Overall, thirty-five compounds were annotated for the first time in C. diphylla. Thirty-two of them were reported for the first time in the genus. The isolated compounds 9, 12, 24 and 33 showed an excellent antioxidant capacity, superior to the extract and enriched fractions. Bond dissociation energy calculations were performed to explain and sustain the antioxidant capacity found. According to our results, the leaves of C. diphylla represent a promising source of potent antioxidant compounds.
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Bates, Nicola. "Spring poisoning hazards." UK-Vet Equine 5, no. 2 (March 2, 2021): 76–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/ukve.2021.5.2.76.
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Poisoning can be seasonal. Potential toxic hazards in the spring include adders, which emerge from hibernation as the weather warms. Adders may not be seen to bite a horse, but envenomation should be considered in a horse with localised limb swelling that spreads up the leg. There are several spring-flowering plants which contain toxic compounds such as cardiogenic glycosides (foxglove, lily of the valley, oleander), protoanemonin (Hellebore) and grayanotoxins (Pieris and Rhododendron). Saplings of sycamore are a spring source of hypoglycin A which causes atypical myopathy in horses. Treating plant poisoning in horses generally involves removing the plant, providing good quality food and giving supportive care. Managing the effects of adder bite is supportive, centring around administration of specific antivenom.
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Goldstein, Ellie J. C., Diane M. Citron, Kerin L. Tyrrell, Eliza Leoncio, and C. Vreni Merriam. "Comparative In Vitro Activity of Omadacycline against Dog and Cat Bite Wound Isolates." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 62, no. 4 (February 12, 2018): e02551-17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.02551-17.
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ABSTRACT Omadacycline was tested against 125 isolates recovered from infected cat and dog bites in humans. Its activity was similar to that of other compounds in the tetracycline class, and it was active against strains exhibiting tetracycline resistance. Against anaerobic isolates, resistance to tetracyclines was more prominent and omadacycline was the most active of the group. All isolates had omadacycline MICs of <1 μg/ml, with the exception of Eikenella corrodens, which showed reduced susceptibility to the entire tetracycline group.
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Sánchez, Marta, Elena González-Burgos, Irene Iglesias, and M. Pilar Gómez-Serranillos. "Pharmacological Update Properties of Aloe Vera and its Major Active Constituents." Molecules 25, no. 6 (March 13, 2020): 1324. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25061324.
Full textAbstract:
Aloe vera has been traditionally used to treat skin injuries (burns, cuts, insect bites, and eczemas) and digestive problems because its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and wound healing properties. Research on this medicinal plant has been aimed at validating traditional uses and deepening the mechanism of action, identifying the compounds responsible for these activities. The most investigated active compounds are aloe-emodin, aloin, aloesin, emodin, and acemannan. Likewise, new actions have been investigated for Aloe vera and its active compounds. This review provides an overview of current pharmacological studies (in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trials), written in English during the last six years (2014–2019). In particular, new pharmacological data research has shown that most studies refer to anti-cancer action, skin and digestive protective activity, and antimicrobial properties. Most recent works are in vitro and in vivo. Clinical trials have been conducted just with Aloe vera, but not with isolated compounds; therefore, it would be interesting to study the clinical effect of relevant metabolites in different human conditions and pathologies. The promising results of these studies in basic research encourage a greater number of clinical trials to test the clinical application of Aloe vera and its main compounds, particularly on bone protection, cancer, and diabetes.
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Loedige, Melanie. "Design and Synthesis of Novel Antileishmanial Compounds." International Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 2015 (January 21, 2015): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/302723.
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According to the WHO, infectious diseases, and in particular neglected tropical diseases in poor developing countries, still play a significant role in a vast number of deaths reported worldwide. Among them, leishmaniasis occurs as a complex and clinically diverse illness caused by protozoan Leishmania species which are transmitted through the bite of sandflies. They develop through a complex life cycle, from promastigotes in sandflies to amastigotes in humans. The severity of disease is determined by the type of infecting Leishmania species and also depends strongly on whether the parasite infection leads to a systemic involvement or not. Since the sensitivity towards diverse medicaments highly differs among the Leishmania species, it is advantageous to treat leishmaniasis with species-specific drugs. Towards this goal we report a synthetic methodology and characterization of novel small molecular agents active against both forms of L. major. This synthetic approach allows for rapid access to new active antileishmanial drug templates and their first derivatives in moderate to very good yields. Although the compounds reported here are bioactive, the detailed biological results are part of a more comprehensive study and will be reported separately by our collaborators.
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Shynykul Zhanserik, Shynykul Zhanserik. "A NOVEL PEPTIDE MODULATOR OF THE HUMAN CHANNEL NAV1.5 FROM LATRODECTUS TREDECIMGUTTATUS SPIDER VENOM." Ambiance in Life International Scientific Journal in Medicine of Southern Caucasus 06, no. 01 (February 6, 2021): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/0601202175.
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Spider venom contains a wide repertoire of pharmacologically active compounds, and in the case of some spider species bite, toxins from spider venom can play a fatal role for humans as well as other organisms. Among all the spiders, one could say the bite of Latrodectus tredecimguttatus, known as Black Widow spider, is very dangerous and can even lead to tragic consequences. Especially, voltage-gated sodium channels are responsible for propagating action potentials in excitable cells. NaV1.5 plays a crucial role in the human cardiac muscle, where it enhances the influx of sodium ions via the cell membrane, causing the fast depolarization phase of the cardiac action potential. It is also an important therapeutic target for heart disorders. Various venom-derived peptides have been observed as potential modulators of sodium channels, and these biologically active peptides are an abundant source for pharmacological tools.
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Goldstein, Ellie J. C., Diane M. Citron, C. Vreni Merriam, Yumi Warren, and Kerin Tyrrell. "Comparative In Vitro Activities of ABT-773 against Aerobic and Anaerobic Pathogens Isolated from Skin and Soft-Tissue Animal and Human Bite Wound Infections." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 44, no. 9 (September 1, 2000): 2525–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.44.9.2525-2529.2000.
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ABSTRACT We studied the comparative in vitro activities of ABT-773, a new ketolide, against 268 aerobic and 148 anaerobic recent isolates from clinical bites using an agar dilution method and inocula of 104 CFU/spot for aerobes and 105 CFU for anaerobes. The following are the MIC ranges and MICs at which 90% of isolates are inhibited (MIC90s) of ABT-773 for various isolates, respectively: Pasteurella multocida andPasteurella septica, 0.125 to 2 and 1 μg/ml; otherPasteurella species, 0.125 to 1 and 0.5 μg/ml;Corynebacterium spp., 0.015 to 0.06 and 0.015 μg/ml;Staphylococcus aureus, 0.03 to 0.06 and 0.06 μg/ml; coagulase-negative staphylococci, 0.015 to >32 and 32 μg/ml; streptococci, 0.015 to 0.03 and 0.03 μg/ml; Eikenella corrodens, 0.25 to 1 and 1 μg/ml; and Bergeyella zoohelcum, 0.03 to 0.25 and 0.06 μg/ml. For anaerobes the MIC ranges and MIC90s of ABT-773 were as follows, respectively:Prevotella heparinolytica, 0.06 to 0.125 and 0.125 μg/ml;Prevotella spp., 0.015 to 0.125 and 0.06 μg/ml;Porphyromonas spp., 0.015 to 0.03 and 0.015 μg/ml;Fusobacterium nucleatum, 0.5 to 8 and 8 μg/ml; otherFusobacterium spp., 0.015 to 8 and 0.5 μg/ml;Bacteroides tectum, 0.015 to 0.5 and 0.06 μg/ml; andPeptostreptococcus spp., 0.015 to 0.25 and 0.03 μg/ml. ABT-773 was more active than all macrolides tested against S. aureus, E. corrodens, and anaerobes, but all compounds were poorly active against F. nucleatum. The activity of ABT-773 was within 1 dilution of that of azithromycin against Pasteurella spp., and ABT-773 was four- to eightfold more active than clarithromycin againstPasteurella spp. ABT-773 may offer a therapeutic alternative for bite wound infections.
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Moroz, M. V., and M. V. Prokhorenko. "Phase equilibria and the thermodynamic properties of saturated solid solutions of BiTeI, Bi2TeI, and Bi4TeI1.25 compounds of the AgI–Bi–Bi2Te3–BiTeI system." Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A 90, no. 7 (June 16, 2016): 1301–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0036024416070219.
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Domingos, Thaisa F. S., Laura de A. Moura, Carla Carvalho, Vinícius R. Campos, Alessandro K. Jordão, Anna C. Cunha, Vitor F. Ferreira, Maria Cecília B. V. de Souza, Eladio F. Sanchez, and André L. Fuly. "Antivenom Effects of 1,2,3-Triazoles againstBothrops jararacaandLachesis mutaSnakes." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/294289.
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Snake venoms are complex mixtures of proteins of both enzymes and nonenzymes, which are responsible for producing several biological effects. Human envenomation by snake bites particularly those of the viperid family induces a complex pathophysiological picture characterized by spectacular changes in hemostasis and frequently hemorrhage is also seen. The present work reports the ability of six of a series of 1,2,3-triazole derivatives to inhibit some pharmacological effects caused by the venoms ofBothrops jararacaandLachesis muta.In vitroassays showed that these compounds were impaired in a concentration-dependent manner, the fibrinogen or plasma clotting, hemolysis, and proteolysis produced by both venoms. Moreover, these compounds inhibited biological effectsin vivoas well. Mice treated with these compounds were fully protected from hemorrhagic lesions caused by such venoms. But, only theB. jararacaedema-inducing activity was neutralized by the triazoles. So the inhibitory effect of triazoles derivatives against somein vitroandin vivobiological assays of snake venoms points to promising aspects that may indicate them as molecular models to improve the production of effective antivenom or to complement antivenom neutralization, especially the local pathological effects, which are partially neutralized by antivenoms.
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Martínez-Martínez, Antonio J., Alan R. Kennedy, Valerie Paprocki, Felipe Fantuzzi, Rian D. Dewhurst, Charles T. O’Hara, Holger Braunschweig, and Robert E. Mulvey. "Selective mono- and dimetallation of a group 3 sandwich complex." Chemical Communications 55, no. 65 (2019): 9677–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cc03825f.
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While lithium alkyls and lithium amides do not metallate the scandium compound [(η5-C5H5)Sc(η8-C8H8)], a synergistic lithium–aluminium base-trap partnership cannot resist taking a bite with one C–H bond selectively cleaved from both Cp and COT rings.
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SODERO, ANA CAROLINA R., ANA CAROLINA G. O. DOS SANTOS, JULIANA F. R. E. MELLO, JÉSSICA B. DE JESUS, ALESSANDRA M. T. DE SOUZA, MARIA ISABEL C. RODRIGUES, SALVATORE G. DE SIMONE, CARLOS R. RODRIGUES, and HERBERT L. DE MATOS GUEDES. "Oligopeptidase B and B2: comparative modelling and virtual screening as searching tools for new antileishmanial compounds." Parasitology 144, no. 4 (December 29, 2016): 536–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182016002237.
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SUMMARYLeishmaniasis are diseases caused by parasites of the genus Leishmania and transmitted to humans by the bite of infected insects of the subfamily Phlebotominae. Current drug therapy shows high toxicity and severe adverse effects. Recently, two oligopeptidases (OPBs) were identified in Leishmania amazonensis, namely oligopeptidase B (OPB) and oligopeptidase B2 (OPB2). These OPBs could be ideal targets, since both enzymes are expressed in all parasite lifecycle and were not identified in human. This work aimed to identify possible dual inhibitors of OPB and OPB2 from L. amazonensis. The three-dimensional structures of both enzymes were built by comparative modelling and used to perform a virtual screening of ZINC database by DOCK Blaster server. It is the first time that OPB models from L. amazonensis are used to virtual screening approach. Four hundred compounds were identified as possible inhibitors to each enzyme. The top scored compounds were submitted to refinement by AutoDock program. The best results suggest that compounds interact with important residues, as Tyr490, Glu612 and Arg655 (OPB numbers). The identified compounds showed better results than antipain and drugs currently used against leishmaniasis when ADMET in silico were performed. These compounds could be explored in order to find dual inhibitors of OPB and OPB2 from L. amazonensis.
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Popova, Tetiana, Halyna Kukhtenko, Nataliia Bevz, and Oleksandr Kukhtenko. "Biopharmaceutical and rheometric studies in the development of a gel composition with dimethindene maleate." ScienceRise: Pharmaceutical Science, no. 3(31) (June 30, 2021): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2519-4852.2021.234250.
Full textAbstract:
Every year there is an increase in the number of cases of hypersensitivity to bites from various insects. A local allergic reaction to bites occurs within a few minutes and is accompanied by acute pain at the site of the bite, severe itching, hyperemia, the appearance of papules, tissue edema, and sometimes a small-point rash around. Considering the small number of drugs for local therapy of allergic manifestations and the unidirectional nature of their action, it is urgent to develop a drug containing the antihistamine dimethindene maleate and dexpanthenol, which plays the role of an anti-inflammatory, reparative and dermatoprotective substance.
The aim. The aim of the study is to substantiate the delivery system of dimethindene maleate and dexpanthenol based on biopharmaceutical and rheometric research methods.
Materials and methods. To determine the component composition of the active ingredient delivery system, the type of dimetindene maleate administration was substantiated by studying its solubility. As a delivery system for active pharmaceutical ingredients, hydrogels were considered, which were made using high-molecular compounds of various origins: a natural substance – xanthan gum, a semi-synthetic substance – gyroxypropyl methylcellulose, and a synthetic substance – carbomer. The rate of release of dimethindene maleate from hydrogels was estimated by studying the kinetics of release through a semipermeable membrane. The assessment of the viscoelastic properties of hydrogels was carried out by performing an oscillatory rheometry test, which makes it possible to quantitatively determine the viscous and elastic components, as well as to characterize the bioadhesive properties.
Results. Based on the results of studying the solubility of dimethindene maleate in hydrophilic non-aqueous solvents, it was determined that propylene glycol is optimal for ensuring the introduction of a substance into hydrogel bases as a solution. As a result of studying the kinetics of the release of dimethindene maleate from hydrogels, it was found that the use of carbomer as a delivery system provides the release of 28.33 % of dimethindene maleate, xanthan gum – 25 %, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose – 7.33 %. When studying the viscoelastic properties by determining the values of the storage modulus G', the loss modulus G" and the damping (attenuation) factor tg δ, it was found that the carbomer-based hydrogel is a viscoelastic solid, the xanthan gum and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-based hydrogels are a viscoelastic liquid. Bioadhesion on the surface of the skin during use has the advantage of carbomer hydrogel.
Conclusions. Based on the combination of biopharmaceutical and rheometric methods for substantiating the composition of the delivery system for dimetindene maleate and dexpanthenol, it is rational to use carbomer for further pharmacological and microbiological studies
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Janse van Rensburg, J. Marthinus, Andreas Roodt, and Alfred Muller. "Carbonyl(cyclohexyldiphenylphosphine)(8-hydroxyquinolinato)rhodium(I)." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 62, no. 5 (April 13, 2006): m1040—m1042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536806012955.
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The molecules of the title compound, [Rh(C9H6NO)(C18H21P)(CO)], pack with the H atoms of the phenyl and cyclohexyl rings at distances of 2.80–2.85 Å from the adjacent oxine ligand plane. The effective cone angle (ΘE) for the phosphine ligand is 151°. The bidentate oxine ligand has a bite angle of 79.41 (9)° and the Rh—P bond length is 2.2798 (8) Å.
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Parker, Katherine L., Michael P. Gillingham, and Thomas A. Hanley. "An accurate technique for estimating forage intake of tractable animals." Canadian Journal of Zoology 71, no. 7 (July 1, 1993): 1462–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z93-204.
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We selected an average-sized plant unit for each forage species commonly eaten by black-tailed deer in southeastern Alaska. Those units, which were used to establish species-specific templates, typically represented single or small compound leaves that were usually eaten in one bite. We also determined an average mass for each plant unit. Using visual estimation of plant units in the natural environment, we were able to accurately predict actual plant mass (all r2 ≥ 0.94). The technique is an accurate and reliable method for estimating both bite sizes and cumulative forage intake of tractable animals in forb- and shrub-dominated communities. It provides an estimate of dry or wet matter intake within a foraging period or specific habitat patch, relative to diet selection at the plant species level.
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Boniface, Pone Kamdem, and Ferreira Igne Elizabeth. "An Insight into the Discovery of Potent Antifilarial Leads Against Lymphatic Filariasis." Current Drug Targets 21, no. 7 (June 17, 2020): 657–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389450120666191204152415.
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Background and Objectives: Lymphatic filariasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by infection with filarial worms that are transmitted through mosquito bites. Globally, 120 million people are infected, with nearly 40 million people disfigured and disabled by complications such as severe swelling of the legs (elephantiasis) or scrotum (hydrocele). Current treatments (ivermectin, diethylcarbamazine) have limited effects on adult parasites and produce side effects; therefore, there is an urgent to search for new antifilarial agents. Numerous studies on the antifilarial activity of pure molecules have been reported accross the recent literature. The present study describes the current standings of potent antifilarial compounds against lymphatic filariasis. Methods: A literature search was conducted for naturally occurring and synthetic antifilarial compounds by referencing textbooks and scientific databases (SciFinder, PubMed, Science Direct, Wiley, ACS, SciELO, Google Scholar, and Springer, among others) from their inception until September 2019. Results: Numerous compounds have been reported to exhibit antifilarial acitivity in adult and microfilariae forms of the parasites responsible for lymphatic filariasis. In silico studies of active antifilarial compounds (ligands) showed molecular interactions over the protein targets (trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase, thymidylate synthase, among others) of lymphatic filariasis, and supported the in vitro results. Conclusion: With reference to in vitro antifilarial studies, there is evidence that natural and synthetic products can serve as basic scaffolds for the development of antifilarial agents. The optimization of the most potent antifilarial compounds can be further performed, followed by their in vivo studies.
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Puwein, Arcadius, and Shiny C. Thomas. "An Overview of Paris polyphylla, a Highly Vulnerable Medicinal Herb of Eastern Himalayan Region for Sustainable Exploitation." Natural Products Journal 10, no. 1 (February 3, 2020): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2210315508666180518081208.
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Background: Paris polyphylla has been traditionally used in China, India and Nepal to relieve various ailments such as antidote for snake bites, insect poison, relieving wounds, sore throat, etc. P. polyphylla like many plants in nature contains numerous potential bioactive compounds. Such bioactive compounds of the herb that have significant biological activities such as anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral need to be validated and augmented with many assays. Objective: The objective of this paper is to compile the major research works of the herb and updates information on its developments and approaches that have been rapidly taking place in recent years, so that further novel research can be envisaged. Methods: The published reviews act as the first catalyst and initiator to delve on the studies done so far about this medicinal herb. The research about the plant such as classification, micropropagation, phytochemisty, and bioactivity was investigated from papers that were reported from index journals Results: New compounds such as paristenosides A and B are being added to the existing known compounds. There are new high-throughput approaches in the classification of the plant and micropropagation. The traditional uses of the herb are being validated through different bioactivity assays. Conclusion: The continuous research that is being carried out on this herb implies that the depth of knowledge about the plant is gradually consolidated and the mechanism of the bioactive compounds derived is slowly comprehended.
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Aguiar, Anna Caroline Campos, Julia Risso Parisi, Renata Neves Granito, Lorena Ramos Freitas de Sousa, Ana Cláudia Muniz Renno, and Marcos Leoni Gazarini. "Metabolites from Marine Sponges and Their Potential to Treat Malarial Protozoan Parasites Infection: A Systematic Review." Marine Drugs 19, no. 3 (February 28, 2021): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md19030134.
Full textAbstract:
Malaria is an infectious disease caused by protozoan parasites of the Plasmodium genus through the bite of female Anopheles mosquitoes, affecting 228 million people and causing 415 thousand deaths in 2018. Artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) are the most recommended treatment for malaria; however, the emergence of multidrug resistance has unfortunately limited their effects and challenged the field. In this context, the ocean and its rich biodiversity have emerged as a very promising resource of bioactive compounds and secondary metabolites from different marine organisms. This systematic review of the literature focuses on the advances achieved in the search for new antimalarials from marine sponges, which are ancient organisms that developed defense mechanisms in a hostile environment. The principal inclusion criterion for analysis was articles with compounds with IC50 below 10 µM or 10 µg/mL against P. falciparum culture. The secondary metabolites identified include alkaloids, terpenoids, polyketides endoperoxides and glycosphingolipids. The structural features of active compounds selected in this review may be an interesting scaffold to inspire synthetic development of new antimalarials for selectively targeting parasite cell metabolism.
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Aliev, Ziya S. "THE AV–BVI–I TERNARY SYSTEMS: A BRIEF REVIEW ON THE PHASE EQUILIBRIA REVIEW." Kondensirovannye sredy i mezhfaznye granitsy = Condensed Matter and Interphases 21, no. 3 (September 26, 2019): 338–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17308/kcmf.2019.21/1149.
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This paper presents a brief review on the ternary phase equilibria in the ternary AV–BVI–I systems (AV = Sb, Bi; BVI = S, Se, Te). These systems includes the series of ternary compounds those are very attractive source materials for photo-, thermos- and ferroelectric energy transformation along the recently discovered semiconductors that exhibit Rashba-type spin splitting in their surface states. In the Rashba semiconductors, a unique toroidal 3D Fermi surface appears on the crystal surface, which leads to unusual properties that make it possible to realize unique electronic devices based on these compounds. The thorough knowledge on the ternary phase diagram of these systems shed light on the chemical and structural design of new multifunctional materials with tunable properties. This knowledge is very important whenfocusing on the chemistry of such multifunctional materials based on complex element systems.
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Butcher, Ray J., Mohamad Pourian, and Jerry P. Jasinski. "[2,2′-(2,6,9,13-Tetraazatetradeca-1,13-diene-1,14-diyl)diphenolato]iron(III) chloride." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 63, no. 11 (October 17, 2007): m2742—m2743. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536807049999.
Full textAbstract:
The structure of the title compound, [Fe(C22H28N4O2)]Cl {also known as [N,N′-bis[3-(salicylideneamino)propyl]ethane-1,2-diamine]iron(III) chloride}, has crystallographic symmetry with both the Fe and Cl atoms lying on twofold axes. The structure adopts a conformation where the phenolate O atoms are trans. The geometry about the Fe center is distorted octahedral due to the restrictions imposed by the bite angles of the chelate rings. The structure displays N—H...Cl hydrogen bonding.
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Ahad, Faiza, Nida Ghouri, Khalid Mohammed Khan, Shahnaz Perveen, and M. Iqbal Choudhary. "Synthesis of 4-substituted ethers of benzophenone and their antileishmanial activities." Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 5 (May 2018): 171771. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.171771.
Full textAbstract:
Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne protozoan disease; it mainly originates from the bite of sandfly and initiated when parasite is transmitted to human at metacyclic flagellated promastigote form. In the current study, a synthesis of a series of 4-substituted benzophenone ethers 1–20 was carried out in good yields and their in vitro antileishmanial activities were also screened. Among synthetic derivatives, 15 compounds 1 , 3 , 5–12 , 15 and 17 – 20 showed antileishmanial activities against promastigotes of Leishmania major with IC 50 values in the range of 1.19–82.30 µg ml −1 , and the values were compared with those of the standard pentamidine (IC 50 = 5.09 ± 0.09 µg ml −1 ). Our study identified a series of new antileishmanial molecules as potential leads. Structures of these synthetic compounds were deduced by different spectroscopic techniques, such as 1 H and 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance, electron impact and high-resolution electron impact mass spectrometry and IR.
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Williams, C. R., B. P. C. Smith, S. M. Best, and M. J. Tyler. "Mosquito repellents in frog skin." Biology Letters 2, no. 2 (February 21, 2006): 242–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2006.0448.
Full textAbstract:
The search for novel insect repellents has been driven by health concerns over established synthetic compounds such as diethyl- m -toluamide (DEET). Given the diversity of compounds known from frog skin and records of mosquito bite and ectoparasite infestation, the presence of mosquito repellents in frogs seemed plausible. We investigated frog skin secretions to confirm the existence of mosquito repellent properties. Litoria caerulea secretions were assessed for mosquito repellency by topical application on mice. The secretions provided protection against host-seeking Culex annulirostris mosquitoes. Olfactometer tests using aqueous washes of skin secretions from L. caerulea and four other frog species were conducted to determine whether volatile components were responsible for repellency. Volatiles from Litoria rubella and Uperoleia mjobergi secretions were repellent to C. annulirostris , albeit not as repellent as a DEET control. The demonstration of endogenous insect repellents in amphibians is novel, and demonstrates that many aspects of frog chemical ecology remain unexplored.
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Lankelma, Marianne, Vincent Vreeken, Maxime Siegler, and Jarl van der Vlugt. "Dinuclear Gold Complexes Supported by Wide Bite Angle Diphosphines for Preorganization-Induced Selective Dual-Gold Catalysis." Inorganics 7, no. 3 (February 26, 2019): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inorganics7030028.
Full textAbstract:
The synthesis, reactivity, and potential of well-defined dinuclear gold complexes as precursors for dual-gold catalysis is explored. Using the preorganizing abilities of well-known wide bite angle diphosphine ligands, DBFPhos and DPEPhos, dinuclear Au(I)–Au(I) complexes 1 and 2 are used as precursors to form well-defined monocationic species with either a chlorido- or acetylido-ligand bridging the two gold centers. These compounds are active catalysts for the dual-gold heterocycloaddition of a urea-functionalized alkyne, and the preorganization of both Au-centers affords efficient σ,π-activation of the substrate, even at high dilution, significantly outperforming benchmark mononuclear catalysts.
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Jones, Roderick C., Helge Müller-Bunz, Paul Evans, and Donal F. O'Shea. "Bis{2-[(3,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrrol-2-ylidene-κN)amino]-3,5-diphenylpyrrol-1-ido-κN}palladium(II): a homoleptic four-coordinate tetraphenylazadipyrromethene complex of palladium." Acta Crystallographica Section C Structural Chemistry 70, no. 2 (January 9, 2014): 165–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053229614000084.
Full textAbstract:
The structural chemistry of the title compound, [Pd(C32H22N3)2], at 173 K is described. The compound is comprised of two deprotonated (3,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)(3,5-diphenylpyrrol-2-ylidene)amine ligands coordinated to a central PdIIcation, which lies on an inversion centre and has distorted square-planar geometry. The Pd—N bond lengths range from 2.008 (4) to 2.014 (4) Å and the bite angle is 84.16 (14)°. The chelate plane makes a dihedral angle of 45.3 (2)° with respect to the central PdN4plane, giving a stepped conformation to the molecule. The complex displays simple intramolecular C—H...N hydrogen bonds, while the unit cell consists of discrete monomeric Pd(C32H22N3)2units which display intermolecular C—H...π interactions and limited intra- and intermolecular π–π stacking.
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Bonello, Francesca, Roberto Mina, Mario Boccadoro, and Francesca Gay. "Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies and Antibody Products: Current Practices and Development in Multiple Myeloma." Cancers 12, no. 1 (December 19, 2019): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12010015.
Full textAbstract:
Immunotherapy is the latest innovation for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM). Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) entered the clinical practice and are under evaluation in clinical trials. MAbs can target highly selective and specific antigens on the cell surface of MM cells causing cell death (CD38 and CS1), convey specific cytotoxic drugs (antibody-drug conjugates), remove the breaks of the immune system (programmed death 1 (PD-1) and PD-ligand 1/2 (L1/L2) axis), or boost it against myeloma cells (bi-specific mAbs and T cell engagers). Two mAbs have been approved for the treatment of MM: the anti-CD38 daratumumab for newly-diagnosed and relapsed/refractory patients and the anti-CS1 elotuzumab in the relapse setting. These compounds are under investigation in clinical trials to explore their synergy with other anti-MM regimens, both in the front-line and relapse settings. Other antibodies targeting various antigens are under evaluation. B cell maturation antigens (BCMAs), selectively expressed on plasma cells, emerged as a promising target and several compounds targeting it have been developed. Encouraging results have been reported with antibody drug conjugates (e.g., GSK2857916) and bispecific T cell engagers (BiTEs®), including AMG420, which re-directs T cell-mediated cytotoxicity against MM cells. Here, we present an overview on mAbs currently approved for the treatment of MM and promising compounds under investigation.
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C K, Amritha, Suma C, Ananya V M, Thushara P V, and Deepak V S. "PHYTOCHEMICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF JUSTICIA PROCUMBENS L.: A REVIEW." International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy 11, no. 5 (October 30, 2020): 190–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.7897/2277-4343.1105167.
Full textAbstract:
Justicia procumbens L. is usually known as water willow which belongs to family Acanthaceae growing widely in southern regions of China, Japan, Vietnam, India and Australia. It is one of the important herbal being used in Ayurvedic system of medicine. The plant contains various active compounds like arylnaphthalide and diarylbutane lignans, glycosides, flavonoids. Few pharmacological properties including anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic, anti-arrhythmic, anti-asthmatic, anti-proliferative, anti-allergic, antibacterial, cytotoxic and anti-HIV activities activity have been reported for this plant. Conventionally, it is used for the treatment of fever, inflammation, cold, cough, asthma, cancer, snake bites etc. The current review is created with an intended to focus on the numerous ethnobotanical and traditional uses as well as the phytochemical and pharmacological report on Justicia procumbens.
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Hao, Haijun, Baichun Zhu, and Jianjun Yi. "(3-{[2,6-Bis(1-methylethyl)phenyl]imino-κN}-1-phenylbut-1-en-1-olato-κO)dimethylaluminium." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 68, no. 4 (March 3, 2012): m351—m352. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536812005880.
Full textAbstract:
The molecular structure of the title compound, [Al(CH3)2(C22H26NO)], displays a monomer with the AlIIIatom in a distorted tetrahedral environment defined by two methyl groups and the N and O atoms of the chelating ketiminate anion. The O—Al—N bite angle of the chelating ligand is 94.14 (9)°. The O—C—C—C—N backbone of the ligand is nearly coplanar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.029 Å) and the Al atom deviates significantly from the mean plane by 0.525 (3) Å. In the crystal, weak intermolecular C—H...O interactions are observed.
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Caballero-Alfonso, Ana Yisel, Maykel Cruz-Monteagudo, Eduardo Tejera, Emilio Benfenati, Fernanda Borges, M. Natália D. S. Cordeiro, Vinicio Armijos-Jaramillo, and Yunierkis Perez-Castillo. "Ensemble-Based Modeling of Chemical Compounds with Antimalarial Activity." Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 19, no. 11 (July 25, 2019): 957–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568026619666190510100313.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Malaria or Paludism is a tropical disease caused by parasites of the Plasmodium genre and transmitted to humans through the bite of infected mosquitos of the Anopheles genre. This pathology is considered one of the first causes of death in tropical countries and, despite several existing therapies, they have a high toxicity. Computational methods based on Quantitative Structure- Activity Relationship studies have been widely used in drug design work flows. Objective: The main goal of the current research is to develop computational models for the identification of antimalarial hit compounds. Materials and Methods: For this, a data set suitable for the modeling of the antimalarial activity of chemical compounds was compiled from the literature and subjected to a thorough curation process. In addition, the performance of a diverse set of ensemble-based classification methodologies was evaluated and one of these ensembles was selected as the most suitable for the identification of antimalarial hits based on its virtual screening performance. Data curation was conducted to minimize noise. Among the explored ensemble-based methods, the one combining Genetic Algorithms for the selection of the base classifiers and Majority Vote for their aggregation showed the best performance. Results: Our results also show that ensemble modeling is an effective strategy for the QSAR modeling of highly heterogeneous datasets in the discovery of potential antimalarial compounds. Conclusion: It was determined that the best performing ensembles were those that use Genetic Algorithms as a method of selection of base models and Majority Vote as the aggregation method.
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Venugopala, Katharigatta N., Pushpalatha Ramachandra, Christophe Tratrat, Raquel M. Gleiser, Subhrajyoti Bhandary, Deepak Chopra, Mohamed A. Morsy, et al. "Larvicidal Activities of 2-Aryl-2,3-Dihydroquinazolin -4-ones against Malaria Vector Anopheles arabiensis, In Silico ADMET Prediction and Molecular Target Investigation." Molecules 25, no. 6 (March 13, 2020): 1316. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25061316.
Full textAbstract:
Malaria, affecting all continents, remains one of the life-threatening diseases introduced by parasites that are transmitted to humans through the bites of infected Anopheles mosquitoes. Although insecticides are currently used to reduce malaria transmission, their safety concern for living systems, as well as the environment, is a growing problem. Therefore, the discovery of novel, less toxic, and environmentally safe molecules to effectively combat the control of these vectors is in high demand. In order to identify new potential larvicidal agents, a series of 2-aryl-1,2-dihydroquinazolin-4-one derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their larvicidal activity against Anopheles arabiensis. The in silico absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) properties of the compounds were also investigated and most of the derivatives possessed a favorable ADMET profile. Computational modeling studies of the title compounds demonstrated a favorable binding interaction against the acetylcholinesterase enzyme molecular target. Thus, 2-aryl-1,2-dihydroquinazolin-4-ones were identified as a novel class of Anopheles arabiensis insecticides which can be used as lead molecules for the further development of more potent and safer larvicidal agents for treating malaria.