To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia L.).
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia L.)'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 31 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia L.).'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Silva, Marcia Fernanda da. "Atividade antifúngica de extratos de Momordica charantia L. e Lafoensia pacari St. Hil. sobre Colletotrichum musae (Berk. & M. A. Curtis) Arx. /." Ilha Solteira : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98920.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Marli de Fátima Stradioto Papa<br>Banca: Marineide Rosa Vieira<br>Banca: César Júnior Bueno<br>Resumo: Plantas apresentam grande diversidade de compostos orgânicos que podem ter ação antifúngica. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a atividade antifúngica in vitro e in vivo de extratos de pacari e melão-de-são-caetano sobre o crescimento micelial e a germinação de esporos de Colletotrichum musae. Avaliou-se, também o efeito dos extratos no desenvolvimento de lesões de antracnose em bananas, da variedade Nanicão, sob condições de laboratório e a campo. Os extratos foram obtidos a partir de plantas secas ao sol e em estufa com circulação forçada de ar, moídas, utilizando-se como agente extrator a água ou álcool etílico. Somente o fungicida proporcionaram 100% de inibição do crescimento micelial e da germinação de esporos e o extrato de melão-de-são-caetano hidroetanólico, seco so sol, incorporado a 50% em BDA, proporcionaram 100% de inibição da germinação de esporos. Os extratos de pacari aquoso não diluído proporcionaram as menores percentagens de lesões de antracnose nos frutos. Os extratos hidroetanólicos de pacari retardaram a maturação dos frutos em quatro-cinco dias em relação a testemunha. As propriedades antifúngicas dos extratos de pacari e melão-de-são-caetano detectadas em nosso estudo evidenciaram o uso potencial dos mesmos como uma alternativa aos métodos adotados para o controle da antracnose em banana.<br>Abstract: Plants present a high diversity of organic compounds that can have antifungal activity. The objective of this study was to determine the in vitro and in vivo antifungal activity of pacari and bitter melon extracts on the mycelial growth and spores germination of Colletotrichum musae. We also aimed to evaluate the effect of these two extracts in the development of anthracnose lesions on bananas variety Nanicão, under laboratory and field conditions. The extracts were obtained by grinding sun- or stews with forced circulation of air plant tissues, using water or ethylic alcohol as extractors. Only the fungicide check inhibited 100% of the mycelial growth and the spores germination, and of bitter melon hydro-ethanolic extracts incorporated at 50% in PDA inhibited 100% of the spores germination. The non-diluted aqueous extracts of pacari provided the lowest percentages of anthracnose lesions on banana fruits. The hydro-ethanolic extract of pacari delayed the maturation of the fruits in at least four to five days in relation to the non-treated checks. The antifungal properties of the pacari and bitter melon extracts detected in our study evidenced their potential use as alternative to the methods commonly adopted for controlling banana anthracnose.<br>Mestre
2
Silva, Marcia Fernanda da [UNESP]. "Atividade antifúngica de extratos de Momordica charantia L. e Lafoensia pacari St. Hil. sobre Colletotrichum musae (Berk. & M. A. Curtis) Arx." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98920.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Previous issue date: 2008-12-02Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:00:09Z : No. of bitstreams: 1
silva_mf_me_ilha.pdf: 503783 bytes, checksum: bbb9bd24eb36123d7fea9c4f63053199 (MD5)<br>Plantas apresentam grande diversidade de compostos orgânicos que podem ter ação antifúngica. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a atividade antifúngica in vitro e in vivo de extratos de pacari e melão-de-são-caetano sobre o crescimento micelial e a germinação de esporos de Colletotrichum musae. Avaliou-se, também o efeito dos extratos no desenvolvimento de lesões de antracnose em bananas, da variedade Nanicão, sob condições de laboratório e a campo. Os extratos foram obtidos a partir de plantas secas ao sol e em estufa com circulação forçada de ar, moídas, utilizando-se como agente extrator a água ou álcool etílico. Somente o fungicida proporcionaram 100% de inibição do crescimento micelial e da germinação de esporos e o extrato de melão-de-são-caetano hidroetanólico, seco so sol, incorporado a 50% em BDA, proporcionaram 100% de inibição da germinação de esporos. Os extratos de pacari aquoso não diluído proporcionaram as menores percentagens de lesões de antracnose nos frutos. Os extratos hidroetanólicos de pacari retardaram a maturação dos frutos em quatro-cinco dias em relação a testemunha. As propriedades antifúngicas dos extratos de pacari e melão-de-são-caetano detectadas em nosso estudo evidenciaram o uso potencial dos mesmos como uma alternativa aos métodos adotados para o controle da antracnose em banana.<br>Plants present a high diversity of organic compounds that can have antifungal activity. The objective of this study was to determine the in vitro and in vivo antifungal activity of pacari and bitter melon extracts on the mycelial growth and spores germination of Colletotrichum musae. We also aimed to evaluate the effect of these two extracts in the development of anthracnose lesions on bananas variety Nanicão, under laboratory and field conditions. The extracts were obtained by grinding sun- or stews with forced circulation of air plant tissues, using water or ethylic alcohol as extractors. Only the fungicide check inhibited 100% of the mycelial growth and the spores germination, and of bitter melon hydro-ethanolic extracts incorporated at 50% in PDA inhibited 100% of the spores germination. The non-diluted aqueous extracts of pacari provided the lowest percentages of anthracnose lesions on banana fruits. The hydro-ethanolic extract of pacari delayed the maturation of the fruits in at least four to five days in relation to the non-treated checks. The antifungal properties of the pacari and bitter melon extracts detected in our study evidenced their potential use as alternative to the methods commonly adopted for controlling banana anthracnose.
3
ZENG, PEI-FEN, and 曾珮芬. "Tissue culture of bitter gourd (momordica charantia l.)." Thesis, 1993. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35203334829883677660.
Full text
4
Zeng, Pei-Fen, and 曾珮芬. "Tissue culture of bitter gourd (momordica charantia l.)." Thesis, 1993. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/10027824792477985080.
Full text
5
Yu, Tzung-Han, and 游宗瀚. "Studies on postharvest techniques of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.)." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/95817688920532711479.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立屏東科技大學<br>農園生產系所<br>104<br>This is a study based on the comparison of using two different types of bitter gourd(Momordica charantia L.) 'Yua Hua' and 'Bi Hua' as the study material to observer the chemical and physical changes in different precooling temperature, maturity, packaging and 1-methylcyclopropene(1-MCP) treatment during the process of storage. By observing its storage life and shelf life changes, we can now choose the most appropriate storage conditions for transportation.
'Yua Hua' and 'Bi Hua' bitter gourd has significantly inhibiting of respiratory rate and ethylene production at 5℃. Not only light green fruit’s firmness and crispness will decrease rapidly than dark green, but also has longer shelf life and lower electrolyte leakage(EL), in contrast of total soluble solid(TSS), titratable acidity(TA) content and storage life has no significantly differences, therefore, we can reach to an conclusion that light green was better maturity. Quality has no significantly differences between 7 and 10℃ precooling temperature, but had higher ascorbic acid ascorbic acid at 7℃ precooling temperature. To reach to the goals of reducing chilling injury, decrease ascorbic acid, increasing of peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase activity, bitter gourd has significantly extended storage life and shelf life by inhibiting of polyphenol oxidase activity and enhance the antioxidant capacity using packing polyethylene at 5℃. In spite of firmness, crispness, TSS content and EL has no significantly distinction, but could maintain the ascorbic acid content effectively, even has longer storage life and shelf life after 1-MCP treatment. When the bitter gourd return to 4℃, it has very short shelf life. But when the bitter gourd return to 10℃, it could extend the shelf life effectively. Therefore, we choice 10℃ for the return temperature, it could promoting commodity value effectively.
6
Aye, Myint Myint, and 何麗敏. "Improvement of Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantic L.)." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/31647782339435348545.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立中興大學<br>園藝學系<br>93<br>Bitter gourd seeds have small cotyledons enclosed in a hard, thick seed coat. Which, limits germination to unacceptably low level. A number of pre-sowing treatments can increase germination by overcoming the limitations imposed by the seed coat.
For all three varieties of bitter gourd seeds used in this study, germination at 30, 25and 20℃ were the best when seeds were clipped and soaked in running water for 12 hrs. Seeds immersed in 50oC water for 60 min exhibited significantly higher germination than seeds immersed at other temperatures and for different times. The germination of seeds treated with H2SO4 was the highest after 30 sec of immersion. However, germination decreased as immersion time increased beyond 30 sec. Germination was higher for clipped seeds immersed in 15% H2O2 for 25 min and for unclipped seeds imbibed with 1% H2O2 water. Priming seeds for 2 days with vermiculite No. 2 and NaOCl at a seeds: vermiculite # 2: 0.1% NaOCl ratio of 9:12:18, by weight produced the highest germination rate. The highest emergence rate was achieved with two different treatments of soaking clipped seeds in running water for 12 hr or immersing unclipped seeds in 50°C water for 1 hr.
The conductivity of leachate from ‘Fen Ching’ and ‘Ching Pi’ bitter gourd seeds that were soaked prior to sowing was assayed during the first 12 hr of imbibition. The leachate from control seeds had the highest conductivity, while the leachate from seeds treated with H2SO4 exhibited the second highest conductivity. After imbibition for 12 hr, the lowest conductivity value was obtained from the leachate of seeds that soaked in running water or immersed in 50°C water. In addition, after soaking 24 hr, the leachate from the seeds in these two treatments contained significantly fewer phenolic compounds and free amino acids than the leachate from seeds that received other treatments.
When seeds soaked in water for one hr, the soluble carbohydrates, phenolic compound and free amino acids from seeds soaked in 50°C water were significantly more than those in 25°C water. Seeds soaked in water for 12 hr contained significantly less water and more soluble carbohydrates, and had a significantly higher respiration rate than seeds soaked for 24 hr.
The densest seeds were also the heaviest seeds and had the highest germination and shortest germination time (MDG). After-ripening significantly increased the germination and decreased the MDG of the densest seeds from completely yellow gourds. For seeds of a given density from half-yellow gourds, the germination of seeds after-ripened for 72 hr was significantly greater than the germination of seeds after-ripened for 24 hr. There were significantly more soluble carbohydrates in seeds from after-ripened, half-yellow gourds, than in seeds from untreated completely yellow gourds. Among seeds from half-yellow gourds, the soluble carbohydrates were highest in seeds from gourds after-ripened 72 hr, and starch content was highest in seeds from gourds after-ripened 24 hr. Seeds from fruit after-ripened 72 hr had the greatest emergence force.
The effective and cheap pre-sowing methods were demonstrated in this research for enhancing seeds germination. Bitter gourd seed quality was enhanced by adequate fruit maturity, after ripening and seed density grading. The pre-sowing treatment that increased germination the most and was least expensive was seeds immersed in 50oC water for 60 min.
7
Guo, Chun De, and 郭純德. "Studies on the postharvest physiology of bitter gourd (momordica charantia L.)." Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/94360249173176930739.
Full text
8
Liu, Shin-Yi, and 劉欣怡. "Studies of Physiological Responses of Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia L.) Grafted Seedlings." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/06555495431049504836.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立宜蘭大學<br>園藝學系碩士班<br>96<br>The purpose of this research probed into the physiological responses variations of grafted bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.). The physiological responses observed in this study including the growth situation of the grafted seedling, the histology observations of grafted union acclimation process, measuring the fluorescence yield of the grafted seedling and investigating the content variation of peroxidase, catalase and proline. In this test, bitter gourd ‘high moon’ was used as scion and sponge gourd ‘Shuang yi’, pumpkin ‘Strong man’, ‘KY papaya type’ and ‘Mutual boom’ were used as stocks. The results showed that different scion and stock combinations made a big influence on growth of grafted bitter gourd plants. In all of the combinations, when bitter gourd ‘high moon’ was grafted on sponge gourd ‘Shuang yi’, the grafted plant reached the best growth condition. However, when bitter gourd ‘high moon’ was grafted on pumpkin ‘Mutual boom’, the grafted plant’s vigor was the worst. When bitter gourd ‘high moon' grafted on sponge gourd ‘Shuang yi' and pumpkin ‘Strong man', begin to produce callus on the 3th days after grafting. As on the 11th days after grafting, a large amount callus and new vascular tissue formed. On the 26th days after grafting, tissue of stock and scion mixed each other, furthermore the new vascular bundle tissue proliferated and parts of graft union were connected.
The results of chlorophyll fluorescence parameter showed that the grafted seedling of bitter gourd ‘high moon' grafted on sponge gourd ‘Shuang yi' and pumpkin ‘Strong man' had obviously lower Fv/Fm than non-grafted seedlings from initial stage after grafting. Furthermore, the Fv'/Fm' value of grafted seedlings also lowered than that of non-grafted seedlings. Regarding to relationships between the graft union formation and enzymes contents (peroxidase, catalase and praline), the results indicated that while bitter gourd ‘high moon' grafted on sponge gourd ‘Shuang yi' and pumpkin ‘Strong man', the peroxidase activity reached the highest value on the 7th days after grafting. As catalase activity reached the highest value on the 7th days after grafting and the graft union had the most proline content on the 7th days after grafting. Besides, all the amount of the three substances dropped down immediately later. The growth of bitter gourd grafted seedlings could be precisely monitored by growth investigations, chlorophyll fluorescence measurements ,and enzymes activity varieties. The results of this research can be applied in the grafted seedling production process and significantly.
9
Chang, Sheng-Chih, and 張勝智. "The genetic analysis with diallel cross for bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.)." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/20155349314673328726.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立中興大學<br>農藝學系所<br>102<br>Bitter gourd is one of the Taiwan''s major vegetable in summer, but it’s rarely studied on genetic characteristics. In order to realize the bitter gourd of agronomic traits, we used 55 inbred lines which were purified in TPSIPS as experience materials. Assay the inbred lines characteristics had significant for fruit length, fruit width, fruit circumference, fruit weight, fruit shape index, flesh thickness, flesh and marrow thickness. They showed diversity and variation with each inbred lines. In order to explore the fruit characteristics correlation co-efficiency, this results showed positively correlation for fruit length, fruit width, flesh thickness and flesh and pith thickness which can use reference. Further the Griffing (1956) and Hayman (1954) diallel cross theory, we explored the combination, heterosis and genetic components. Divided the bitter gourds by fruit shape index, selecting six inbred lines which were 343-2, 48-1, 298, 156-1, 350 and 42-2. We established the 36 crossing combinations (F1). General combining ability effects, only the dry weight is not significant. That means that the other characteristics are significant except additive gene action. The other characteristics are significant. In the early yield components, the first female flowering day and node had the least GCA with 298 inbred line which described the earliness characteristic. However, we can selection the yield traits according to female characters by node numbers at first female flowering and female flower number, but the fruit traits are also very important. The early yield and fruit traits showed that were not focused on the specific inbred line. Specific combining ability effect, at first female flowering nodes and days had the best with 343-2x350 and 343-2x156-1. Female flower number on the main stem from fifteenth to twenty-fifth had the highest with 298x350. On the fruit traits, the fruit length and weight had higher SCA with 298x42-2 and 156-1x48-1. We observed the better performance to be used breeding with those combination. On the gene effects of traits and genetic components, the plant traits were controlled by additive and dominant effects, and additive effects were larger than dominant effects for internode number and internodal length. The positive and negative dominance gene of traits expressed the asymmetric distribution, and controlling the dominance gene were 3-4 groups. Almost all plant traits were controlled by incremental gene. On the flower traits, all characteristics of additive effects were larger than dominant effect. Days to first male flower and ovary length do not have dominant effect, and the other flower traits were partial-dominance effect. On the fruit characteristics, the fruit length, fruit weight and fruit shape index had positive and negative dominance gene of traits express the asymmetric distribution. The addictive effects of all fruit traits were larger than dominant effect. Fruit length, fruit weight and fruit shape index were controlled by 4-5 and 3-4 groups dominance genes. All fruit traits were controlled by partial- dominance and incremental gene effect.
10
Huang, Hsiang-Yi, and 黃祥益. "Genetic Study on Fruit Color and Shape of Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia L.)." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ra6v34.
Full textAbstract:
博士<br>國立屏東科技大學<br>農園生產系所<br>105<br>The fruit color and shape are important traits of bitter gourds (Momordica charantia L.) which are also the major targets of bitter gourd breeding projects. The objects of this study were to determine the genetic models of fruit color and shape in the bitter gourd. Six generations (P1, P2, F1, F2, BCP1 and BCP2) in the hybrid set ‘MS 41 × MS47’ were used to estimate the genetic effects via generation mean analysis (GMA), and determined the genetic mechanisms. The fruit color of the F1 population was green implying the green color was dominant over the white color. The fruit color of F2 population showed a continuous distribution from white to dark green indicating this traits was controlled by quantitative genes. Genetic analysis using the lightness, hue angle and the Royal Horticultural Society scoring system (RHS score) fitted the three parameters model, which Chi-square ( ) test estimates were 1.05 (P = 0.68233), 1.80 (P = 0.6157) and 1.59 (P = 0.6607), respectively. The results showed significant to highly significant additive and dominance effects. The value a and b of color difference, chroma and chlorophyll concentrations were not fitted three parameters genetic model which implied the epistasis was present. The GMA results of six parameters model revealed a significant additive effect on chlorophyll b concentration, and other fruit color related traits were nonsignificant in all parameters which was more complex genetic mechanism involved. The value b of color difference was affected by complementary epistasis, but the value a of color difference, chroma and chlorophyll concentrations were controlled by duplicate epistasis. Exclude chroma, the broad-sense heritability of all fruit color related traits were lower, between 0.226 and 0.510. About fruit shape related traits, the average single fruit weight of all hybrid and backcross generations were heavier than two parents that indicated the overdominance genetic effect. All fruit shape related traits of the F2 population showed continuous distributions that revealed the six traits were quantitative traits. Genetic analyses using all fruit shape related traits fitted the three parameters model that was additive-dominance genetic model and epistasis was absent. The Chi-square estimates were 5.606 (P = 0.132), 3.069 (P = 0.381), 1.319 (P = 0.725), 3.613 (P = 0.306), 2.036 (P = 0.565) and 4.741 (P = 0.38), respectively. Exclude the dominance effect of single fruit weight, all traits show significant or highly significant additive and dominance effects. The broad-sense heritability estimates were 0.788 and 0.878 for single fruit weight and top fruit width respectively, which were higher. The broad-sense heritability estimates were 0.578, 0.266 and 0.618 for fruit length, fruit width and fruit shape index, respectively, that were easier affected by environmental conditions. The correlation analyses of fruit color related traits showed highly significant effects between the RHS score, lightness, chlorophyll concentrations (|r| ≥ 0.724), which is a proper index of fruit color expression. The correlation analyses of fruit shape related traits showed highly significant effects between the fruit shape index, fruit length, fruit width and top fruit width, which estimates were 0.870, -0.839 and -0.792, respectively. The correlations analyses between fruit color and fruit shape got highly significant effects on chlorophyll concentrations, fruit length, fruit width and top fruit width. But correlation analyses were non-significant response between fruit color and fruit shape within F2 population. The fruit color and fruit shape related traits were controlled by additive, dominance and epistasis effects. The selection of breeding method is mostly depending on the value of broad-sense heritability of trait when it is conducted. The broad-sense heritability of fruit color related traits, fruit length, fruit width and fruit shape index were low at this study which suggested the use of recurrent selection. Traits with high broad-sense heritability, the single fruit weight and the top fruit width, will be recommended to conduct earlier generation selection which could promote the efficiency of selection.
11
Yan, Shu-Ching, and 顏淑菁. "Studies on plant growth regulators for sex expression in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.)." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/98730906777645320470.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立中興大學<br>農藝學系所<br>101<br>The androecious and gynoecious lines of bitter gourd were used to be materials in this study. The plants at 6-8 leaf stage were sprayed different growth regulators on the apical stem. Then survey the sexual transformation of flower. This study was aimed to obtain seeds from a unisexual flower plant by treating opportune growth regulators in order to breed inbreed lines.
In androecious lines, the number of female flowers in the main vine and later vine, and the first female flowering day and node among different concentrations of growth regulators have significant difference. The interaction of growth regulators and concentrations also has significant difference. Overall, gibberellic acid (GA3) is better than ethylene. Particularly, line 449 treated with 25 ppm gibberellic acid has similar result between different experiment fields.
In gynoecious lines, the number of male flowers in the main vine and later vine, and the first male flowering day and node between different kinds of growth regulators have significant difference. Gibberellic acid cannot induce male flowers in main vine, whereas ethylene can induce few male flowers. But gibberellic acid can induce few male flowers in later vine. Neither gibberellic acid nor ethylene can effectivly induce gynoecious plant to transform male flower.
In the field of Taiwan Seed Improvement and Propagation Station (TSIPS) , line 449 treated with 75 ppm gibberellic acid has better results than 75 ppm ethylene in length, width, weight of fruit and seed fertility. In the agricultural experimental station of National Chung-Hsing University (NCHU), line 449 treated with 50 ppm maleic hydrazide (MH) has better fruit traits; however, the treatment of 25 ppm gibberellic acid and ethylene have higher seed fertility.
12
Lin, Yun-Shan, and 林韻珊. "Promoter Activity Analyses of Auxin Efflux Carrier Genes from Bitter Gourd（Momordica charantia L.）." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/87020687836978763783.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>園藝學研究所<br>95<br>To understand the promoter activities of auxin efflux carrier gene from bitter ground, promoter fragments of two auxin efflux carrier genes, McPIN1 and McPIN3, were transformed into tobacco for analysis. GUS staining was observed in the vein, the basal of leaf , roots and lateral roots of McPIN1::GUS transgenic tobaccos especially in dark color in root cap and root meristem. GUS expression was detected in the leaf, roots, the basal of leaf, and pistil of McPIN3::GUS transgenic tobaccos. The most part of McPIN3 promoter activity in root tip was performed in cortex. The promoter activities could be increased by NAA , IBA, 2,4-D, ethylene, 100 mM ABA, stress of temperate, tropism and drought treatments, and be decreased by BA, kinetin, zeatin, 20 mM ABA, GA3, SA, MeJA, and wounding. The response of McPIN3 promoter activity in leaf to inducements is more sensitive than McPIN1 promoter activity in the basal of the leaf and root tip, which might be affected by growth condition. Whereas there was differential sensation between McPIN1 and McPIN3 promoter activity, they had same trend up or down of the promoter acitivity.
13
Lin, Cheng-Ku, and 林政谷. "Promoter activity analysis of auxin and ethylene receptor genes from bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.)." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9gmksy.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>園藝學研究所<br>99<br>The bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) is one of prominent summer vegetable crop in Taiwan. In order to understand influence of auxin and ethylene on fruit development and ripening for bitter gourd, auxin receptor McTIR1 (TRANSPORT INHIBITOR RESPONSE 1) and ethylene receptor genes McETR1 (ETHYLENE RECEPTOR 1) and McERS1 (ETHYLENE RESPONSE SENSOR 1) from bitter gourd were analyzed for promoter activity in tobacco and Arabidopsis at different developmental stages and treatments with abiotic stresses and plant growth regulators. Promoter activity of McTIR1 was expressed in calyx, pistil and stamen of McTIR1pro::GUS transgenic Arabidopsis and tobacco, which also expressed in seed coat, hypocotyls, leaf, stem, shoot, root tip and petal of transgenic tobacco. The promoter activity was enhanced in leaf and stem of transgenic tobacco seedlings by wounding or under dark, but suppressed in leaf by 4oC and drought. Both ABA and auxins play the inhibitory role on McTIR1 promoter activity in leaf of transgenic tobacco seedlings, while the manifest inhibitory effect was contributed by ABA. On the other hand, 9,213 bp of McETR1 and 7,313 bp of McERS1 were obtained from genomic clones for ethylene receptor gene structure and promoter sequence. Both ethylene receptor genes from bitter gourd possess seven exons and six introns and several cis-acting elements, such as ABRE (ABA responsive element)、GARE (GA responsive element)、HSE (Heat stress responsiveness element) and CGCTA (MeJA-responsiveness). Gene integrity and copy number for McETR1::GUS transgenic tobacco has been analyzed by Southern hybridization. McETR1 promoter was expressed in cotyledon, stem internode, later root, root tip, pistil, stamen and siliques of transgenic Arabidopsis. When treated by ACC, IAA, GA, or SA, the promoter activity in McETR1::GUS transgenic seedling was enhanced in main root, later root, and stem internode with most obvious effect by ACC.
14
Jiang, Siao-Huei, and 江筱慧. "Cloning and Analysis of cDNAs Encoding Plastid-Lipid Associated Proteins in Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia L.)." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/66090752069113573788.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>園藝學研究所<br>96<br>Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) is a monoecious species in Cucurbitaceae. Sex expression of bitter gourd is altered by exogenous application of plant growth regulators. Using 2- dimensional protein gel electrophoresis to identify sex expression-related proteins in bitter gourd, the results indicated that the plastid-lipid associated protein (PAP) expressed specifically during female flower development. To understand the mechanism of sex determination, plaque hybridization was performed to screen the PAP cDNA from bitter gourd library using Arabidopsis thaliana PAP gene as probe. Thirty-six cDNA clones were obtained. cDNA clone pMcPAP76 is 1,226 bp in length and possesses an open reading frame of 984 bp, enconding a polypeptide of 327 amino acids with an isoelectric point of 4.89 and a molecular weight of 35.53 kDa. The corresponding gene of pMcPAP76 cDNA is named McPAP1. The deduced amino acid sequence of McPAP1 shared high homology with other PAP around 62.6% to 79.9%, especially cucumber chromoplast protein C (CHRC) with 79.9% identity. Southern blot analysis indicated that McPAP1 belongs to a single-copy gene. Northern blot and RT-PCR analysis reflected that the expression of McPAP1 was specific in flower and fruit. The McPAP1 gene expressed most abundantly in male flowers at full blussom, but more abundantly at early stage in female flowers. The McPAP1 gene expression was consisted in the fruit development stage. The McPAP1 gene expression in fruit was found largest at 24-day after pollination which was 1.5 times as much as did that at 18-day after pollination. McPAP1 expression was induced in fruit tissues treated with ethylene, but inhibited by IAA. To clarify the McPAP1 localization and the relation to sex expression, GFP-fusion protein was constructed for transient analysis.
15
Cho, Chung-Ming, and 卓俊銘. "Studies on the mechanisms of flooding resistance in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) grafted with sponge gourd (Luffa spp.) stocks." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/31414440891749096270.
Full text
16
Ming-Ya, Huang, and 黃明雅. "Analysis and Expression of the RIPs Gene in Wild Bitter Gourd ( Momordica charantia L. var. abbreviate Ser. )." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/88443027149339008439.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>園藝學研究所<br>94<br>Ribosome inactive proteins (RIPs) are a group of proteins that inhibit protein synthesis of the target cell. In Cucurbitaceae, RIPs have been identified from the extracts of roots and seeds of different species. Research was mainly focused on their anti-tumor and anti-HIV activity; however, their role in plant physiology was not yet clear. Due to the wild bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L. var.abbreviata Ser.) is much more tolerant to environmental stresses; it is a good material to study for the relationship between RIPs and plant defense. Using a set of degenerate primers, designed according to conserved domain of RIPs in Cucurbitaceae, a 609 bp PCR product was amplified (mca600) from the genomic DNA of the wild bitter gourd. The deduced amino acid sequence contained two RIPs active regions and two RNA binding regions. The similarity of amino acid sequence between mca600 and RIPs in Momordica was 47.7~58 % revealed the possibility that mca600 might amplified from a different RIPs gene as compared with the published RIPs gene in Momordica. Besides, the expression of RIPs gene from any other cultivated bitter gourd could not be detected by the mca600 probe. Therefore, the mca600 might be relevant to a RIP gene different from the published RIPs gene in Momordica. Surprisingly, mca600 shared 61.5% similarity with trichosanthin, a RIPs in Trichosanthes kirilowii. Since trichosanthin is not only anti-tumor and anti-HIV but also toxic to intact animals, the biological character of the RIPs in wild bitter gourd is worth to be investigated. The result of northern blot analysis indicated that the RIP gene we identified was seed specific and expressed in the developing seeds from 14 to 22 DAP. Besides, a 33KD protein appeared on the SDS-PAGE according to the same time course. The predicted size of RIPs is 30 kD, but it did not appeared on the SDS-PAGE until seed germination. According to this study and others’ investigation, we hypothesize that 33kD protein contained the unmature protein of RIPs in wild bitter gourd and it accumulated during middle-post developmented seed. The 33 kD protein would be proteolyted to smaller one, a 30 kD protein, after germination, which could offer nutrient and defence ability to seedling.
17
Tsai, Chung-Huang, and 蔡崇煌. "Wild Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia L. var. abbreviata Seringe) Improves Metabolic Syndrome: A Preliminary Dietary Supplementation Trial." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/34692825882082127046.
Full textAbstract:
博士<br>朝陽科技大學<br>生化科技研究所博士班<br>100<br>Bitter gourd has been shown to activate both PPARα/γ, ameliorate insulin resistance and abdominal obesity in high-fat fed mice. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of F1 hybrid Hualien wild bitter gourd No.4 (WBG; Momordica charantia L. var. abbreviata Seringe) on metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Taiwanese adults. A preliminary open-label uncontrolled trial was conducted in eligible fulfilled the diagnosis of MetS based on Asian guidelines of the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute between May 2008 and April 2009. Forty-two MetS patients (21 men and 21 women) with mean age of 45.7±1.8 years (range, 23-63 years) were recruited for the study. The subjects were supplemented with 4.8 gram of lyophilized powder of WBG in capsules daily for 3 months. MetS and associated parameters were monitored monthly for six consecutive months including 3 months of supplementation and another 3 months after the discontinuing supplementation. Effects of WBG on MetS were estimated using generalized linear mixed models according to the intention-to-treat principle. There were 7.1% (standard error of mean, p value; 3.7%, 0.920), 9.5% (4.3%, 0.451), 19.0% (5.7%, 0.021), 16.7% (5.4%, 0.047), 11.9% (4.7%, 0.229) and 11.9% (4.7%, 0.229) decrease in the incidence rate of MetS in the end of each month respectively after the start of the supplementation. The waist circumference also significantly decreased after the supplementation (p<0.05). The WBG supplementation was generally well-tolerated. This is the first report to show that WBG improved MetS. It reached the statistical significance in the third month and in the first month after discontinuing WBG supplementation. These preliminary results provide a firm base for further randomized control trials to evaluate the efficacy of WBG supplementation.
18
Yang, Hue-Ru, and 楊惠如. "Influence of Bacillus subtilus on the seed germination and plant growth of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.)." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/76057313361844724296.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立中興大學<br>園藝學系所<br>94<br>This research studied the effect of application method and Bacillus subtilus solution brand on the seed germination and plant growth of three bitter gourd varirties. ''Ching Pi''、''Bi Hua'' and ''Fen Ching'' seeds were soakded, primed or coated with ''Huo Li Bao'', ''Huo Di Jun'' or ''Yong Xin'' B. subtilus solutions. The germination of ''Ching Pi'' and ''Bi Hua'' bitter gourd seeds soaked with 60℃water for 10 minutes, then 25℃ water for 24 hours were 86.7% and 83.3%, respectively. Mildew appeared on 10% of the ''Ching Pi'' and 6.7% of the ''Bi Hua'' control seeds. Germination of ''Ching Pi'' bitter gourd seeds primed with ''Huo Di Jun'' solutions was 83.3%, and no seeds mildewed. Germination of ''Bi Hua'' bitter gourd seeds primed or soaked with ''Huo Li Bao'' solutions was 100%, and no seeds mildewed. Germination of ''Fen Ching'' bitter gourd seeds coated, soaked or primed with ''Huo Di Jun'' solutions was above 96.7%, and less than 12.5% mildewed. Seedling emergence of ''Bi Hua'' bitter gourd seeds primed or coated with ''Huo Di Jun'' solutions was 86.7% and 83.3%, respectively, and the disease appeared on 43.3% and 46.7%, respectively. Seedling emergence of ''Fen Ching'' bitter gourd seeds primed ''Huo Li Bao'' and ''Huo Di Jun'' solutions was 76.7% and 73.3%, respectively, and disease infected 53.3% and 50.0%, respectively. Coating seeds with 1% arabic gum、1.5% PVP K-30 and 1% CMC, then HPMC film increased germination to at least 96.7%, and reduced mildew infection below 16.7%. In dual culture, ''Huo Di Jun'' solutions inhibited Rhizoctonia solani mycelium growth. The antibiotic content of ''Huo Di Jun'' was greater than that of ''Huo Li Bao'' and ''Yong Xin''. Bacillus spore number and antibiotic content in test of seed coated or primed with B. subtilus solution were greater than that of soaked seed, and antibiotic content increased with time. ''Bi Hua'' grafted bitter gourd plant treated with 500X ''Yong Xin'' solution exhibited increased height, leaf area, leaf number and plant weight compared to the other two brand solutions. The antibiotic content in soils treated with ''Huo Di Jun'' solution during grafted plant growth was greatest during the first week after application, and had no difference in the second and the three weeks compared to the other two solutions. These results showed that ''Huo Di Jun'' B. subtilus solution had the highest antibiotic content, and suppressed microorganism growth. Coated or primed seeds with B. subtilus solution prevented or greatly reduced mildew growth during germination, and increased seedling emergence.
19
Way, Shiow-Wen, and 魏秀紋. "Effect of Temperature and Humidity on the Incidence of Pitting of Bitter Gourd （Momordica charantia L.）Fruit." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54494022863314834274.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立嘉義大學<br>農學研究所<br>91<br>The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of temperature and humidity on the pitting incidence of bitter gourd fruit.
The incidence of pitting in pericarp disc of bitter gourd stored at 2℃, 25℃ and relative humidity 40﹪、60﹪、100﹪for 4 hours. The pericarp disc of bitter gourd stored at relative humidity 40﹪have maximum number of pitting, stored at 2℃more pitting number than at 25℃. The pericarp pitting developed at 25℃ was caused by lower humidity. The pericarp pitting developed at 2℃ was caused by chilling and lower humidity.
Weight loss, osmotic potential and electrolyte leakage of bitter gourd pericarp has same trend when at the same temperature and humidity in the stem end, middle, and styler end of bitter gourd fruit. The pericarp disc stored at 25℃ was more weight loss than at 2℃. The osmotic potential of pericarp disc of bitter gourd stored at 25℃ was lower at 2℃. The electrolyte leakage of pericarp disc of bitter gourd stored at 2℃ for 12 hours was higher than at 25℃ for 12 hours, and after 24 hours stored at 2℃ was lower than at 25℃.
The ultrastructures of the pericarp pitting development of bitter gourd stored at 2℃, 25℃ and relative humidity 40﹪、60﹪、100﹪all characterized by collapse of epidermal cell. The epidermal cell sunk inward of pericarp observed at relative humidity 40﹪and 60﹪. Pitting of pericarp stored at 25℃ for 48 hours was deeper and narrower than at 2℃ for 48 hours.
20
Wu, Tian-Yih, and 吳添益. "Effect of different fertilizer managements on the growth of Bitter Gourd（Momordica charantia L.）and the soil fertility." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/31417297101731672417.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立中興大學<br>土壤環境科學系<br>88<br>Use of organic fertilizer are getting more stressed recently, in view of recycling of resource and maintenance of environment. Grafting and facilities culture are generally adopted to increase resistance to disease and quality of bitter gourd. Nevertheless, facilities soil are frequently deteriorated and unable for sustainable use, due to salt accumulated problems, caused by high temperature and lack of leaching by precipitation. In this study, facilities culture with bitter gourd seedlings (Momordica charantia L.) was conducted in a field ( clay slate non-calcareous alluvial soil,TSp2), located in Miaoli Wanli. Three batches of compost, composted at different periods but with the same material, were applied in spring and summer crops, while three kinds of manure( chicken, cattle, and cattle-hog mixed manure)were used in autumn and winter crops. Besides, treatments of chemical fertilizer non-fertilizer, as check plots, were involved to investigate the effects of organic fertilizer prepared from different sources and compositions on soil fertility as well as growth, yield and quality of bitter gourd.
It indicated three composts applied in spring and summer crops did not significantly changed soil pH, while all poultry and animal manures, used in autumn and winter crops raised pH, suggesting soil pH shift was affected greatly by pH of composts and soil characteristics. EC of facilities soil were raised no matter chemical fertilizer or three kinds of manure used. Highest EC was observed in chemical fertilizer plot, yet without saline soil emerged. As contents of soil OM , exchangeable K, Ca, Mg, and Bray no.1 P in 3 manure plots than those of chemical fertilizer plot, organic fertilizer had better effect on soil fertility, especially true for compost B treatment of spring and summer crops, and for cattle manure and cattle-hog manure treatments of autumn and winter crops.
Best growth performance of bitter gourd(plant height, diameter, numbers of vine, and yield index) occurred in compost C plot of spring and summer crops as well as chicken manure plot of autumn and winter crops. Negative relation were significant between leaf nutrients (N, B, and Cu) and fruit qualities (fruit weight, pulp weight, length, width, and Brix). Applied rate of compost manure, deduced on the base of containing about the same N amount of chemical fertilizer rate, supplied more P, K, Ca, Mg, and organic matter than chemical fertilizer, resulted in better improvement of soil fertility in manure plots than in chemical fertilizer plot. Compared to chemical fertilizer plot, although the increase of fruit yield and quality was not obvious, the percentage incidence of mal-shaped(abnormal) fruit in compost manure plots were quite reduced.
21
Chang, You-Ming, and 張有明. "The study of in vitro regeneration, Agrobacterium mediated transformatioon and pollen electrotransformation on bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.)." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/37429505761935301387.
Full textAbstract:
博士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>園藝學研究所<br>85<br>The female flower of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) consists of a
n inferior ovary and a three-lobed and wet stigma on a columnar style which is
hollow. The ovary contains three carpels, each with 14-18 ovules, surrounded
by ovary wall. Anatropous ovules attach to "parietal placenta". Two row of ovu
les in each carpel are aligned irregularly in either erect or pendulous, but n
ot in horizontal position. At each cross-section of an ovary, only 4 ovules, t
o the most, can be seen. This is different from the other cucurbits. There are
40 on average, and 60 the maximum, ovules in an ovary. The lobed stigma is al
igned in"U" shape on the top of the style. One hour after pollination, the pol
len tube penetrate into papillae tissue. All pollen tubes from 3 lobed stigma,
joining in style, arrive to ovary cavity 6 hours after pollination. Fertiliza
tion firstoccur at another 6 hrs and complete fertilization between 18 and 24
hrs after pollination. The number of pollen tubes rapidly decrease along with
t
22
Lin, Mei-Chun, and 林美君. "Studies on the Physico-Chemical Characteristics during Fruit Growth and the Post-Harvest Physiology of Some Cultivars of Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia L.) Fruit." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/18953658558740951856.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立屏東科技大學<br>農園生產系所<br>102<br>The series of studies were conducted to elucidate the changes of physico-chemical characteristics during fruit growth and development in five cultivars of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) fruits (cv. ‘Moom Shine’, ‘Luxuriance’, ‘Jadeite’, ‘New Moon’ and ‘Kaohsiung No.1’). Moreover, the influences of different storage temperature and heat treatment for ‘Big Rice’ and ‘Luxuriance’ were investigated. It is possible to find out the optimum storage temperature and method on fruit storage life.
The results showed that ‘Kaohsiung No.1’ was fastest during the growth and development of the cultivars. In 5 days after pollination, specific gravity of five cultivars decreased. The color of peel in five cultivars had no significant change in 12 days after pollination. The firmness of ‘New Moon’ and ‘Kaohsiung No.1’ increased, others decreased. Total soluble solid content in 15 days after pollination had a significant change. Vitamin C in five cultivars had a significant change, especially ‘New Moon’ was highest.
The color of peel in ‘Big Rice’ and ‘Luxuriance’ had no significant change at different storage temperatures. The chilling injury index of ‘Big Rice’ was the lowest without package during 5℃ storage. The chilling injury index of ‘Luxuriance’ was the lowest with package during 5℃ storage. The chilling injury index occurred earliest in ‘Luxuriance’ than ‘Big Rice’ during 5°C storage. The weight loss of ‘Big Rice’ was 0.76% with package during 5℃ of 20 days’ storage. The weight loss of ‘Luxuriance’ was within 0.94% with package during 0, 5 and 10℃ of 15 days’ storage. The storage life of ‘Big Rice’ and ‘Luxuriance’ had been affected by storage temperature. ‘Big Rice’ and ‘Luxuriance’ were stored at 5℃ with package, the weight loss can be reduced and preserved.
The visual freshness of ‘Big Rice’ and ‘Luxuriance’ after 40°C hot water treatment was best, but they after 50°C hot water treatment was worst. The chilling injury index and pitting of ‘Big Rice’ and ‘Luxuriance’ after 40°C hot water treatment was lowest, but they after 50°C hot water treatment was highest. 40℃ hot water treatment had the better effect on reducing chilling injury symptoms, but 50℃ hot water treatment increased chilling injury and non-chilling injury symptoms.
23
Shi, Hua Lun, and 施驊倫. "Studies on the Plant Growth and Nutritional Physiology of ''Luxuriance'' and ''Fen Ching'' Bitter Gourds (Momordica charantia L.) Grafted onto Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duch.) or Luffa (Luffa cylindrica (L.) Rome.)." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/60761933479162566766.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立中興大學<br>園藝學系所<br>96<br>The study examines the vegetative growth of grafted and ungrafted plants under various factors using the ''Luxuriance'' and ''Fen Ching'' bitter melons as samples. ''Luxuriance'' and ''Fen Ching'' bitter melons were grafted onto a luffa or squash through cleft grafting. The vascular connection and vegetative growth at early or late stages were analyzed. The root exudation content, leaf water potential, nutrient elements content, nitrogenous components and nitrate reductase activity of the leaf were analyzed after being grown for six to nine weeks under the rain shelter.
The section of the grafted union area, leaf water potential, and stomata conductance of the grafted plants were studied to understand the vascular bundle-connected condition. The adhesion of the vascular bundle grafted unto the luffa is faster than the squash stocks. The number of the vascular bundles of squash at the hypocotyl contacted to scion was less than that of luffa. All xylem vessels between the bitter melon scion and squash or luffa stocks were completely connected by observing through the safranin O solution in the vascular bundles.
The longitudinal sections of the xylem vessels of the grafted union area of luffa rootstocks, however, were twisted compared to that of squash, which was relatively straight. The different degree of twisting condition of the xylem vessels of grafted union between squash and luffa rootstocks did not affect the root exudation content. The root exudation from the luffa rootstock showed great content after growing under rain shelter for six weeks but it did not significantly differ from the ungrafted plants growing for nine weeks. The root exudation from squash stocks was the lowest after being planted in the rain shelter for nine weeks.
The shoot growth after grafting for 17-days was slow during one to two weeks observation period under the green house. The shoot growth was not significantly different between grafted and un-grafted plants after growing under the green house for five weeks. The fresh and dry weight of root into squash stocks were the lowest after growing under the green house for five weeks. After growing for six weeks, the total stem length of the grafted bitter melon was less than that of the un-grafted bitter melon. The shoot dry weight of grafted ''Fen Ching'' bitter melons was significantly less than the un-grafted bitter melon. The water potential of the leaf, the shoot weight and the shoot length were not significantly different between the grafted and un-grafted bitter melon at late stage of development.
The influence of male and female flower number and the ratio of female to male flowers of ''Luxuriance'' bitter melon grafted onto squash were significantly different. The flowering date in the second shoot of ''Fen Ching'' bitter melon was delayed. The male flowers in the first shoot, however, appeared early.
The nitrogen and phosphorus content in the xylem sap, the nitrogen concentration and nitrate reductase activity in the leaf of bitter melon grafted unto the luffa was lower than those grafted unto the squash. The concentration of free amino acid and soluble protein in the leaf of grafted bitter melon unto luffa was increased. It can be noted that this fruit had great amount of free amino acid. The nitrate reductase activity in the root of ''Luxuriance'' bitter melon grafted unto the squash was higher than the luffa but the dry and fresh weight in the root had the reverse results.
The leaf of grafted bitter melon unto the squash had high levels of phosphorus and potassium concentrations and low level of magnesium concentration. The content of phosphorus and potassium between the leaf concentration and the root exudation were negatively correlated but magnesium was positively correlated. The calcium content in the leaf and root exudation of grafted bitter melon unto luffa was great. The iron concentration in the grafted bitter melon leaf was lower than in the un-grafted melon.
24
Chia, Ju-Chen, and 賈儒珍. "Studies on sex expression-related proteins in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia)." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/89734495606961115147.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>園藝學研究所<br>93<br>Sex expression of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.), a monoecious species in Cucurbitaceae, is altered by exogenous application of plant growth regulators, with unkown mechanism of sex determination. In this study, we use 2-dimensional protein gel electrophoresis as the analysis method of sex expression-related protein in bitter gourd. To conclude different development stages in male and female flowers for analysis of protein expression, the morphology, length and microscopic structures of flower buds in M. charantia cv. Moon Shine were observed. Roots, stem, leaves, male and female flowers were used as materials for 2-dimensional electrophoresis. Among these, 8 flower organ-related proteins, 15 male flower-related proteins and 12 female flower-related proteins were obtained and numbered. In different development stages of male flowers, 51 development-distinctive proteins were found; 13 of these are male flower-related and 4 are female flower-related proteins. During female flower development, 31 development-distinctive proteins were found; 5 of these are female flower-related proteins, and 1 are male expression-related protein. On the other hand, shoot apex of bitter gourd at the 8-leaf stage treated with 0.54 mM naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 0.12 mM gibberellic acid (GA3) were used to analysis for protein expression. NAA inhibited some of the flower organ-related proteins and female flower-related proteins, and GA could induce them. Based on the molecular weight, pI value and expression level of the proteins, four expression type of sex expression-related proteins were defined. Group 1 proteins expressed constitutively during flower development. Protein amount of group 2 changed during male or female flower development. Group 3 proteins elevated during male and female flower development. Group 4 proteins elevated during female flower development and declined during male flower development. Group 1~3 proteins were possibly involved in male or female flower development, but less related with sex-differentiation. Group 4 proteins were found highly related to sex-determination due to their expression characteristics. The results showed that spot 18, 70 and 74 had close relationship with sex-determination and could be used for cloning of sex expression-related genes.
25
Lee, Nien-Ying, and 李念穎. "Cloning and Analysis of Auxin and Ethylene Receptor Genes from Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia)." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/13580028520062150378.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>臺灣大學<br>園藝學研究所<br>95<br>To understand the regulation mechanism of auxin and ethylene in bitter gourd, the auxin receptor gene and the ethylene receptor cDNA were cloned from bitter gourd for analysis.
The fragment of TIR1 gene from Arabidopsis was used as probe to screen the cDNA library of bitter gourd. The TIR1 cDNA in clone pMcAR97 consists of 1938 bp and encodes 496 amino acids, lacking 98 amino acids in 5’ terminus. The pMcAR97 cDNA was then used to screen the genomic library of bitter gourd. The genomic clone λMcAR7 contains McTIR1 gene with 3 exons and 2 introns. McTIR1 encodes an open reading frame consisting of 594 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 66.8 kDa and a predicted pI of 6.27. F-box motif and Leucine-rich repeats are found in the amino acid sequence. The McTIR1 protein exhibits 78.0% and 77.2% identity in amino acid sequences with TIR1 from Arabidopsis thaliana and Gossypium hirsutum, respectively. Many predicted responsive elements related to light, ABA, MeJA, heat stress were found in the sequence of 2.65 kb 5’-flanking region. Southern analysis indicated that McTIR1 is a low-copy gene. Northern analysis indicated that McTIR1 expressed more in the early developmental stage of bitter gourd. The McTIR1 mRNA was most abundant in young leaves and female flowers, and least in roots of bitter gourd. Gene expression of McTIR1 was induced by higher concentration of IAA treatment in the fruit sections. McTIR1 expressed abundant mRNA in fruit sections under 5 × 10 -5 M IAA treatment for 8 hrs. Different kinds of auxin shows no effect to the expression of McTIR1.
The fragment of ETR1 gene from Arabidopsis was used as probe to screen the cDNA library from bitter gourd. The cDNA in clone pMcER102 consists of 2,800 base pairs. The coding protein of pMcER102 cDNA, named McETR1, consists of 741 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 82.73 kDa and a predicted isoelectric point of 6.79. Another clone pMcER287-4 also contains an ethylene receptor cDNA, which consists of 2,521 base pairs. The coding protein, named McERS1, consists of 637 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 71.06 kDa and a predicted isoelectric point of 6.37. Both of McETR1 and McTIR1 contains three predicted hydrophobic transmembrane -spanning domains in the N-terminal region, the histidine kinase domain near the C terminus, and possesses 5 conserved motifs “H, N, G1, F, G2”. However, McETR1 contains a receiver domain in the C terminus while McERS1 doesn’t. The predicted McETR1 protein exhibits 81.8% identity in amino acid sequence with Arabidopsis ETR1, and exhibits 95.0% and 94.1% identity with ETR1 sequences from Cucumis melo and C. sativus, respectively. The predicted McERS1 protein exhibits 70.5% identity in amino acid sequence with Arabidopsis ERS1, and exhibits 95.5% and 95.1% identity with ERS1 sequences from Cucumis melo and C. sativus, respectively. Ethylene receptors from plants among the same family or among monocotyledons share higher amino acid sequence identity to each other. The predicted McERS1 protein shares higher amino acid sequence identity with ERS1 ethylene receptors from dicotyledons than from monocotyledons.
26
Hsu, Chin, and 徐瑨. "Isolation, Chemical Identification and Biological Characterization of Phytoestrogens from Wild Bitter Gourd (Momordica Charantia)." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/68259592418875379682.
Full textAbstract:
博士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>生化科技學系<br>99<br>Postmenopausal women suffer not only from the menopausal syndromes but also higher risks of osteoporosis, cardiovascular diseases and metabolic syndrome. Some phytoestrogens have been characterized as selected estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) and regarded as one of the substitute for hormone-replacement therapy which was shown to have adverse events. The Cucurbitaceae plant Momordica charantia (MC, bitter gourd) is a common tropical vegetable and has been used in traditional medicine. We have found the the non-saponifiable fraction (NS) of a wild bitter gourd (BG) extract activated transcription via estrogen receptors (ER). Studies in this thesis thus aimed at identifying and characterizing phytoestrogenic compounds in BG.
To assess the in vivo estrogen-related response of BG, 3 groups (n=4/group) of weanling C57BL/6J female mice were respectively fed a basal diet (B), basal diet supplemented with E2 (2 mg 17β-estradiol/kg diet) or BGP (5% bitter gourd powder). The vaginal opening of mice treated with E2 and BGP were respectively, 4.5 days (p&lt;0.01) and 1.8 days (p=0.12) earlier than those of the B group. Results of vaginal smear examination indicated that the E2 group persisted on the estrus stage while BGP group showed a prolonged estrus stage (61%) that was longer than B group (41%)(p&lt;0.01).
To assess more in vivo estrogen-related response, ovariectomized mice fed a high fat diet (HF group) were supplemented with E2 (E2 group), 5% bitter gourd powder (BGP group) or 0.2% non-saponifiable fraction from ethyl acetate extract of BG (NS group) for 15 or 30 weeks. The uterus weight was significantly higher in the E2 group (p&lt;0.05) but not in the BGP and the NS group. In the calcium balance analysis after 3 weeks feeding, the fecal Ca excretion was less (p&lt;0.01), and the Ca balance (p=0.12) and Ca retention (p=0.07) were higher in the E2 group. The fecal and urinary Ca excretion of the BGP group were also less (p&lt;0.01) than the control group. The Ca balance and Ca retention of BGP and NS groups were also improved and comparable to those of the E2 group (p>0.05). These results implied that BG may be beneficial for estrogen deficiency.
To elucidate the phytoestrogenic compounds in BG, a cell-based ER transactivation assay were used to track the active compounds. Lyophilized powders of BG fruits were exhaustively extracted with ethyl acetate (EA) and 95% ethanol (EtOH), sequentially. The non-saponifiable fraction (NS) of the EA extract as well as the acid-hydrolyzed EtOH extract (AH) was fractionated by repeated column chromatography and isolates were further purified by preparative HPLC or RP-HPLC. Lutein, loliolide, phytol, and one known cucurbitane-type triterpenoid 5β,19-epoxycucurbita-6,24-dien-3β,23-diol (6) were identified from NS. Five new cucurbitane-type triterpenoids, cucurbita-6,22(E),24-trien-3β-ol-19,5β-olide (1), 4β,19-epoxycucurbita-6,22(E),24-trien-3β,19-diol (2), 3β-hydroxycucurbita-5(10),6,22(E),24-tetraen-19-al (3), 19-dimethoxycucurbita-5(10),6,22(E),24-tetraen-3β-ol (4), together with 19-nor-cucurbita-5(10),6,8,22(E),24-pentaen-3β-ol (5) were isolated from AH. Except for compound 3 and 4, the remaining compounds showed weak agonistic activity via ERα and β in the non-cytotoxic concentration range. Compounds 1, 2, 3, 5 and 6 showed significant antagonist activity on ERs in the transactivation assay.
These ER active extract/compounds were then assessed for their effect on the proliferation of estrogen-dependent human breast cancer cell MCF-7 and endometrial-derived Ishikawa cells by MTT assay in the absence or presence of 1 nM E2. Lutein, compound 2, 3 and 6 significantly reduced the MTT values of MCF-7. Except for compound 4, lutein and the remaining 5 cucurbitane-type triterpenoids significantly reduced the MTT values of Ishikawa cells. All the 6 cucurbitane-type triterpenoids decreased the ER target gene ALP activity of Ishikawa cells. Besides, lutein and all the 6 cucurbitane-type triterpenoids antagonized the proliferation effect of 1 nM E2 in both of these estrogen-dependent cancer cell lines. These inhibition effects were not observed in the estrogen-independent MDA-MB-231 cells within a similar concentration range.
In conclusion, five new cucurbitane-type triterpenoids were isolated and identified from the AH of Momordica charantia, and four of them showed estrogenic/antiestrogenic activities. Besides, another four known compounds were isolated and identified from the NS as phytoestrogens of MC. These compounds showed significant antagonistic activity toward E2. These results provide basic evidence that Momordica charantia might be a source of beneficial phytoestrogens isolated and identified.
27
LIN, SIN-JIE, and 林欣潔. "Evaluation of Anti-fatigue Properties of Hualian No. 4 wild bitter gourd (Momordica charantia var. abbreviata)." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/38823896134996645959.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立體育大學<br>運動科學研究所<br>105<br>Purpose: To investigate the potential ergogenic and anti-fatigue effects of Hualian No. 4 wild bitter gourd (WBG) . Method: Thirty-two male ICR mice were divided into four groups (n = 8 per group) and orally administered with WBG for 28 days at 0, 500, 1000 and 2500 mg/kg mouse/d, respectively, and designated as the vehicle, WBG-1X, WBG-2X, and WBG-5X groups. Exercise performance and anti-fatigue functions were evaluated by using forelimb grip strength, and exhaustive swimming time, as well as serum levels of lactate, ammonia, glucose, and creatine kinase following a 15-min swimming exercise challenge. Results: The forelimb grip of WBG-5X groups were significantly increased by 13.52 %, as compared with vehicle group. In addition, the exercise endurance time of mice subjected to a 5% weight-loading swimming test showed that WBG-2X groups were significantly increased by 4.10-fold than the vehicle group. After the 15 minute swimming exercise, the levels of serum glucose in the WBG-5X groups were significantly higher by 1.27-fold, than the vehicle group. Serum lactate levels of WBG-5X groups were significantly lower by 45.45 %, as compared to the vehicle group. Serum CK levels in the WBG-5X groups were significantly lower by 67.22 %, as compared to the vehicle group. The serum ammonia levels in the WBG-5X groups were significantly lowered by 52.56 %, than vehicle group. Conclusion: The supplementation with WBG could have beneficial effects on exercise performance and anti-fatigue function.
28
Chen, Chia-Jui, and 陳家瑞. "Preliminary study on antimicrobial agents of bitter melon fruit (Momordica charantia L.)." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/17983205626083095634.
Full text
29
Chang, Cheng-huag, and 張正桓. "Studies on pollen morphology, pollen viability, pollination and fruit growth of bitter gourd (Momordica charabtia L.)." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/09568089321023771598.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立中興大學<br>園藝學系所<br>94<br>Pollen grains of 40 varieties bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) were examined using scanning electron microscope to observe. The view of equatorial plane on pollen is the prolate, polar view is three cracks spheroidal and has tricolporate. The sculpture of pollen exine surface is regulate, covers entirely the lumiba. The 17 of pollen surface and the sculpture of pollen exine character have be measured. The date was subjected to factor analysis with principal component solution. The contribution of first three principal components came to 81.88% of total variation. Could use these surface and the sculpture character of pollen to discrimination of bitter gourd varieties. The first principal component was mainly created by the characters of lumiba of sculpture of pollen exine. This is the most useful factor to discriminate the bitter gourd variety. Results the scores of 40 bitter gourd varieties on the first and the second principal components may discriminate the bitter gourd varieties: (1) the epicarp color is the white, also pearl-like tubercles on surface., (2) the epicarp color is the green, also linear tubercles on surface., (3) the epicarp color is the green, also pearl-like tubercles on surface., (4) wildly bitter gourd varieties and so on. By the above result explained the pollen character still permissible to discriminate the epicarp color and tubercles on surface of bitter gourd varieties.
This research uses Brewbaker and Kwack (1963) solution growth medium and three kind of histochemical method to determine four varieties of bitter gourd pollen viability. The B&K liquid growth medium containing 10% sucrose, 100~150 ppm H3BO3, 200~300 ppm Ca(NO3)2, (pH 7.0), culture in 25~30℃ is realiable condition. FDA method is suitable to determine bitter gourd pollen viability. It’s a easily and fast, also can reduce the number of abservations, although overestimates pollen viability. This isn’t longevity of bitter gourd pollen. After stored 14 days at -70℃ and -20℃, still maintained 60% viability to compare with the fresh pollen germination percentage. As a result, there seems no influence fruit set and fruit growth of bitter gourd that pollen viability and quantity of pollination. Pollen germinated, growth and fertilized in the style, as long as has the certain pollen quantity and viability of pollination. The seed number achieved about 20 grains, all can stimulate bitter gourd fruit normal growth. The liquid pollination method reduce fruit set of three varieties bitter gourd, fruit growth and the seed produced are not good in other three pollination methods (flower to flower, brush, liquid).
30
Chen-Yu, Shu, and 俞淑貞. "Influence of fungicides on the mycorrhizal infection rate, growth and yield of bitter gourd, Momordica charantia, inoculated with Glomus etunicatum (Becker and Gerd.)." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/28825096349891347813.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立屏東科技大學<br>熱帶農業研究所<br>88<br>Abstract
Bitter gourd is one of the important economic crops in Pingtung, Taiwan. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have been shown to improve the growth and yield of bitter gourd, and are being utilized by farmers. However, how to choose suitable fungicides that do not jeopardize the mycorrhizal fungus applied in the field has yet to be resolved. In this study, bitter gourd plants were inoculated with Glomus etunicatum (Becker and Gerd.) during seed sowing. After transplanting, four different fungicides, chlorothalonil, benomyl, etridiazole and metalyxyl + mancozeb, each at the 0.7, 1.0 and 2.0 times of the respective recommended concentrations, were drenched into the potted soil surrounding the root system to examine the effects of fungicides on the growth, yield and mycorrhizal infection rate of mycorrhized bitter gourd plants. Surface sterilized spores of G. etunicatum were also cultured in water agar containing the four fungicides to observe the spore germination under light and scanning electron microscopes.
Results of the pot experiment showed that the main vine length was shortened when bitter gourds were treated with chlorothalonil and benomyl at 2.0 times, and metalyxyl + mancozeb at 1.0 time of the respective recommended concentrations. The use of chlorothalonil, benomyl and metalyxyl + mancozeb at 2.0 times of the respective recommended concentrations decreased the growth of the leaf area. The soluble carbohydrate content in leaf increased with the treatments of all four different fungicides. The contents of N and P in leaf decreased when treated with chlorothalonil 1.0 and 2.0 times , benomyl 0.7, 1.0, 2.0 and etridiazole 2.0 times of the respective recommended concentrations. The dehydrogenase activity of mycorrhiza was inhibited and its infection rates were also inhibited by chlorothalonil at 2.0 times, benomyl at 0.7 and 2.0 times, etridiazole at 1.0 time, and metalyxyl + mancozeb at 0.7 and 2.0 times of the respective recommended concentrations.
Results of the field experiment showed that the main vine length was shortened when bitter gourds were treated with chlorothalonil at 1.0, benomyl at 0.7 and 1.0, etridiazole and metalyxyl + mancozeb at 2.0 times of the respective recommended concentrations. However, the main vine length increased when plants were treated with chlorothalonil at 0.7 time of the recommended concentration. There was no significant difference among the treatments in terms of the contents of chlorophyll, soluble protein and soluble carbohydrate in leaves. The fruit yield per plant decreased when plants were treated with chlorothalonil at 1.0 and 2.0 times and metalyxyl + mancozeb at 0.7 and 2.0 times of the respective recommended concentrations. However, the yield increased when plants were treated with benomyl at 1.0 and 2.0 times and metalyxyl + mancozeb at 1.0 time of the respective recommended concentrations.The mycorrhizal infection rates appeared to be enhanced by the treatment with chlorothanoil at 0.7 time, but inhbited by the treatment of metalyxyl + mancozeb at 0.7 time of the respective recommended concentrations. The fruit yield per plant of mycorrhized bitter gourd was 18-66% higher than those of nonmycorrhized ones regardless whether fungicides were applied or not.
The spore germination results showed that spores cultured in water agar containing chlorothalonil, benomyl and metalyxyl + mancozeb failed to germinate, while those in etridiazole at 0.7, 1.0 and 2.0 times of the recommended concentrations germinated. The spore germination rate, hyphae length and germ tube number de-creased significantly with the increase of fungicidal concentrations.
31
Chandran, Thyageshwar. "Structural Studies on Non-toxic Homologues of type II Ribosome Inactivating Proteins (RIPs)." Thesis, 2017. http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/4222.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is concerned with structural and related studies on two non-toxic homologues of type II RIPs. Type II RIPs, which are more toxic than type I, contain an additional lectin chain (B-chain) covalently linked to the catalytic chain (A-chain). The lectin chain facilitates the attachment of the protein to the cell surface, leading to the internalisation of the protein through endocytosis. The catalytic chain has N-glycosidase activity and is made up of three domains, whereas the lectin chain consists of two homologous β-trefoil domains carrying a sugar binding site each. Interestingly, non-toxic homologues of type II RIPs also exist in nature. The present thesis involves studies on two such non-toxic proteins, namely, snake gourd seed lectin (SGSL) and bitter gourd seed lectin (BGSL), with the primary objective of elucidating the structural basis for the absence of their toxicity.
In the case of SGSL, the catalytic chain is cleaved into two, although it does not affect the structural integrity of the molecule. This is the first time a three-chain RIP/RIP homologue is observed. It was observed that the non-toxicity of SGSL results from a combination of changes in the catalytic and the carbohydrate-binding sites.
The structure determination of the SGSL in its native and in complex with Me-α-Gal and Lac led to the elucidation of the molecular geometry of the protein and the binding sites. ITC measurements of the SGSL-sugar interactions showed the presence of a single binding site which was in contrast to the two binding sites observed in crystal structures. In an attempt to resolve this anomaly, molecular dynamic simulations were carried out on the native protein as well on its complex with Me-α-Gal and lactose. The simulations again confirmed the robustness of the protein structure and indicated that the binding of sugar at only one site is stable.
The structures of nine independent crystals of BGSL and its sugar complexes have been determined. BGSL is a four-chain, two-fold symmetric molecule, made up of two identical two-chain modules, each consisting of a catalytic chain and a lectin chain, connected by a disulphide bridge. Unlike in other type II RIPs, BGSL has a sugar-binding site only on one lectin domain. The adenine-binding site in the catalytic chain is defective. These subtle changes appear to contribute to the non-toxicity of the lectin. The plasticity of the molecule is mainly caused by the presence of two possible well-defined conformations of a surface loop in the lectin chain. One of them, chosen in the sugar complexes, facilitates an additional interaction with the bound sugar.
The N-glycosylation of the lectin involves a plant-specific glycan while that in toxic type II RIPs of known structure involves a glycan, which is animal as well as plant-specific.
Preliminary investigations on the anti-tumor activity of SGSL and BGSL, indicated their preference for neoplastic cells and their ability to induce apoptosis in them.