Journal articles: 'Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia L.)'

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Sharma, Shweta, and Viveka Katoch. "Anti-Diabetic Properties of Bitter Gourd." International Journal of Economic Plants 7, no. 1 (2020): 021–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.23910/2/2020.0331.

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Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) is a fruit that traditionally believe to have benefits on health. It is a widely used traditional remedy for the treatment of diabetes. Bitter gourd is suggested for hyperglycemia treatment due to its ability to reduce glucose levels in the body. Some of the bioactive compounds present in it possess anti diabetic effects. It contains phytochemicals with anti-diabetic properties such as charantin, p-insulin and vicine. Hypoglycemic effects of bitter gourd have been shown in clinical studies. This review will focus on the hyperglycemic properties of bitter gourd.

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Kongcharoensuntorn, Wisatre, Araya Inthasorn, Chadaphorn Kraekrathok, Sirimas Chiangthong, and Wachiraya Dujjanakee. "Momordica charantia L. with Oxy Combination of Momordica charantia L. with oxytetracycline enhanced antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against some multidrug-resistant bacteria." Journal of Associated Medical Sciences 58, no. 1 (2025): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.12982/jams.2025.002.

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Background: Momordica charantia L., the common name for bitter gourd, frequently used as a vegetable and in traditional medicine to treat wounds, peptic ulcers, parasites, and worms. Regarding of finding alternative ways to cure nosocomial infection caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria, bitter gourd in combination with some antibiotics may be a practical choice to reduce the cost of therapy and be devoid of side effects from antibiotics. Objective: This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and synergy effects of ethanol extract from bitter gourd in combination with conventional antibiotics, ampicillin, and oxytetracycline against some drug-resistant bacteria. Materials and methods: The antimicrobial activity was tested by broth microdilution, and the lowest concentration that inhibits the visible growth of each microorganism was recorded as MIC. A checkerboard microdilution assay was designed to test the synergistic effect of bitter gourd extract. A crystal violet staining assay was carried out to test antibiofilm activity Results: The bitter gourd extracted by ethanol revealed antibacterial activity with a MIC range of 1.25-80 mg/mL. Synergistic effects of bitter gourd extract with ampicillin and oxytetracycline were effective against P. mirabilis and drug-resistant P. aeruginosa growth by FICI at 0.141 and 0.63, respectively. The results found that bitter gourd exhibited antibiofilm activities against E. coli ATCC 25922, drugresistant P. aeruginosa, and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) at 2-4 hours after starting inoculum and the inhibitory efficacy values were 37.62%, 71.14%, and 69.87%, respectively. Conclusion: The ethanol extract from bitter gourd had antibacterial effect, synergy effect when mixed with ampicillin and oxytetracycline.

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Riferty, Feresta. "UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK DAN FRAKSI BIJI PARE (Momordica charantia L.) TERHADAP BAKTERI Propionibacterium acnes." Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi Farmasyifa 1, no. 2 (2018): 119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.29313/jiff.v1i2.3139.

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ABSTRACTBitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) seeds is known to have efficacy in treating skin diseases, one of which is acne. This study aimed to determine the potency of antibacterial activity, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and equality with comparator. The extraction process was carried out by maceration method using ethanol 96%, then fractionation was performed by using liquid-liquid extraction. The antibacterial activity of extract and fractions of bitter gourd seed against Propionibacterium acnes were done by agar diffusion method. The results showed that the extract and other fractions of bitter gourd seeds gave antibacterial activity against Propionibacterium acnes. The extract and three fractions of bitter gourd seeds inhibited the growth of Propionibacterium acnes at concentrations of 40%, 50% and 60%. The value of MIC of the extract was 30% with an 8,9 mm inhibit zone. At concentration of 40%, the fraction of ethyl acetate of bitter gourd seeds gave the highest activity in inhibiting Propionibacterium acnes compared to extract and other fractions. When it is compared with clindamycin as comparison, 1 mg of bitter gourd seed extract is equivalent to 0,80 μg clindamycin. Keywords: Bitter gourd seed, Momordica charantia L., Antibacterial, Propionibacterium acnesABSTRAK Biji pare (Momordica charantia L.) diketahui memiliki khasiat dalam mengobati penyakit kulit, salah satunya jerawat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan potensi aktivitas antibakteri, konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM) dan kesetaraan dengan pembanding. Proses ekstraksi dilakukan dengan cara maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%, dilanjutkan dengan fraksinasi menggunakan ekstraksi cair-cair. Aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak dan fraksi biji pare terhadap Propionibacterium acnes dilakukan dengan metode difusi agar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak dan fraksi biji pare memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Propionibacterium acnes. Ekstrak dan ketiga fraksi biji pare menghambat pertumbuhan Propionibacterium acnes pada konsentrasi 40%, 50% dan 60%. Nilai KHM dari ekstrak diperoleh 30% dengan zona hambat 8,9 mm. Pada konsentrasi 40%, fraksi etil asetat biji pare memberikan aktivitas paling tinggi dalam menghambat Propionibacterium acnes dibandingkan ekstrak serta fraksi lainnya. Dibandingkan dengan klindamisin, 1mg ekstrak biji pare setara dengan 0,80 µg klindamisin. Kata Kunci: Biji pare, Momordica charantia L., antibakteri, Propionibacterium acnes

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Meerabai, M., B. K. Jayachandran, and K. R. Asha. "BIOFARMING IN BITTER GOURD (MOMORDICA CHARANTIA L.)." Acta Horticulturae, no. 752 (September 2007): 349–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2007.752.60.

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KANDASAMY, R. "Heterosis in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.)." ASIAN JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE 10, no. 1 (2015): 158–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/tajh/10.1/158-160.

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Yadav, Murlee, Rashmi Chaudhary, and D. B. Singh. "Heterosis in Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia L.)." Journal of Horticultural Sciences 4, no. 2 (2009): 170–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.24154/jhs.v4i2.539.

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The present investigation was conducted to determine heterosis in 6 lines and 4 tester crosses of bitter gourd, where the six lines used were MC-84 (L1), S-17 (L2), JMC-21 (L3), NDBT-15(L4), VRBT-94 (L5) and Gy-1 (L6) and the four testers were VRBT-6-9 (T1), JMC-22 (T2), VRBT-89 (T3) and MC-56 (T4). Most of the crosses failed to manifest significant heterosis for many of the horticultural traits but traits, like vine length and fruit length showed positive significant heterosis, while, days to first appearance of female flower manifested negative significant heterosis in several crosses. Two crosses, namely, MC-84 x VRBT-6-9 and MC-84 x JMC-22 were identified to have potential in terms of yield, whereas two more crosses viz., S-17 x VRBT-6-9 and S-17 x JMC-22 were found superior in terms of powdery mildew resistance.

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Naik, Prashant R., C. N. Hanchinamani, Indiresh, K. M., et al. "Evaluation of Bitter Gourd Genotypes for Pest and Diseases Incidence Under Natural Condition." Asian Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 10, no. 1 (2024): 120–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajsspn/2024/v10i1217.

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Bitter goourd or bitter melon botanically Momordica charantia L. is susceptible to many pest and diseases are now days challenge in its cultivation. So in the present study elucidate the incidence of pest (Fruit fly) and disease (mildews) of bitter gourd. The experiment was conducted under northern dry zone of Karnataka. Fifty six bitter gourd genotypes was under study but none of them shows resistance but the severity various with genotypes. Genotypes exhibit powdery mildew incidence from moderately susceptible (20.89%) to highly susceptible (66.67%) and downy mildew. Genotype ABG-DG-T-1 showed lower infestation for fruit fly (12.90%) and downy mildew (32.00%) among all the genotypes under study.

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Namisy, Ahmed, Shu-Yun Chen, Benjapon Sritongkam, Jintana Unartngam, Chinnapan Thanarut, and Wen-Hsin Chung. "Evaluation of Luffa Rootstocks to Improve Resistance in Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia L.) Against Fusarium Wilt." Plants 14, no. 8 (2025): 1168. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14081168.

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Fusarium wilt in bitter gourd caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. momordicae (Fomo) is a severe plant disease that affects the world’s bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) cultivation. This study evaluated nine luffa hybrids for their performance as rootstocks with bitter gourd to control Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. luffae (Folu) isolate Fomh16 and Fomo isolate Fomo33. In the first evaluation, five hybrids (LF1, LF2, LF3, LF15, and LF16) exhibited resistance to the Fomh16 isolate and showed no symptoms. One hybrid, LF10, was resistant with a mean disease rating (MDR) of 0.9 at 28 days post-inoculation (dpi). Seven luff hybrids that displayed resistant and moderate resistance in the first evaluation were used as rootstocks with susceptible bitter gourd cultivars. Five rootstocks exhibited high resistance to Fomh16 and Fomo33 isolates, with their MDR ranging from 0.0 to 0.7. In addition, the findings revealed that both isolates could colonize the vascular bundle of all resistant luffa rootstocks at 28 dpi. However, the Fomo33 isolate could extend and colonize the vascular bundle of bitter gourd scion when grafted only with rootstock LF5 and LF11. The quantitative PCR results indicated that there were significant differences in the amount of the Fomo33 DNA between the bitter gourd grafted onto LF15 and LF16 rootstocks and the self-grafted plants; however, the pathogen cannot be detected in the bitter gourd scions grafted with resistant rootstocks. These findings provide valuable resistant sources that can be used as rootstocks to manage Fusarium wilt disease in bitter gourd.

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Pujar, Kishor, T. Elaiyabharathi, T. Kempraj, and C. Kavitha. "A low cost bisexual food baited trap for Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillet) (Tephritidae: Diptera) in gourds." ENTOMON 43, no. 4 (2018): 287–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.33307/entomon.v43i4.410.

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A low cost fruit fly trap was designed to attract the fruit flies with food baits. The preliminary field experiments were conducted for selecting the food bait and its concentration. A combination of 30 g of banana pulp + 3 ml of food grade alcohol selected and tested in gourds namely snake gourd (Trichosanthes anguina L.), ridge gourd (Luffa acutangula L.) and bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) in Coimbatore and Dharmapuri. The food bait attracted both sexes of B. cucurbitae with female: male ratio 0.78:1 and the cost of trap and food bait costs only 43 rupees per acre.

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Rasmi, Dewa Ayu Citra, Lalu Zulkifli, and Nurul Ahadia. "Antimicrobial Activity Test of Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia L.) Plant Extract Against Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli Bacteria and Candida albicans." Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA 9, no. 2 (2023): 454–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i2.3699.

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Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) contains secondary metabolites of flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and steroids that act as antimicrobials. This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial activity of bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) plant extract in N-hexane and ethanol solvents against Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. This research is an experimental laboratory study, namely the antimicrobial activity test of bitter melon plant extract on the growth of test bacteria using the agar diffusion method. The study's experimental design used a Completely Randomized Design with three repetitions at three concentration variations, namely 30%, 45%, and 60%. Then phytochemical screening was carried out to determine the active compounds in the bitter melon plant extract. Data on the inhibitory power of bitter melon plant extract were analyzed qualitatively, and the differences between concentrations were seen using the ANOVA (Analysis of variance) test. The results showed that bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) plant extract in ethanol solvent showed activity against the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli bacteria with a concentration of 60%, producing a powerful inhibition zone.

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Narendra, Kumar and S. M. Paul Khurana. "NUTRITIVE AND ANTIDIABETIC BENEFITS OF MOMORDICA CHARANTIA L. (BITTER GOURD)." iajps,csk publications 03, no. 12 (2017): 1512–20. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.228170.

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M. charantia L. (Bitter gourd) is a delicate flowering vine in the family of Cucurbitaceae. The plant has climbing nature with elongated fruit.The unripe fruit is white or green in color and has a bitter taste that becomes more pronounced as the fruit ripens. It is used in cooking for its bitter flavor, typically in stir-fries, soups, for tea,culinary purposes and that can purify our blood.The leaf and fruit contain considerable amount of carbohydrate,significantly (P<0.05) higher than the amount present in the seed. Percent of moisture, total ash, crude fat and crude fibre are low in the seed. The most abundant mineral present in the leaf of M. charantia is calcium significantly greater than the amount of sodium, potassium, manganese, zinc, magnesium, iron and copper present and vitamins A, E, C, B12 and folic acid . While trace amount of vitamins B3, B6, A, D and K were also found present.The review records nutritive value,antidiabetic potential work done in present scenario as it is said to regulate blood sugar. Keywords: M. charantia L., nutrient profile, carbohydrate,vitamins, antidiabetic.

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Miya, Md Dulal, and Shamim Shamsi. "Mycoflora Associated With Momordica Charantia L. And Their Pathogenic Potentiality." Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, Science 42, no. 2 (2016): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jasbs.v42i2.46218.

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Momordica charantia L. (Bitter gourd) is one of the popular vegetable in Bangladesh as well as in the world. After harvesting the vegetables are contaminated with fungi within 3-4 days of short storage. An investigation was carried out to find out the fungi associated with fruits of two varieties of Momordica charantia during the tenure of May 2015 to June 2016. Nine species of fungi namely, Aspergillus flavus Link, A. fumigatus Fresenius, A. niger van Tiegh, Curvularia brchyspora Boedijn, Fusarium Link, Mucor Fresen, Penicillium Link, Rhizopus stolonifer (Ehrenb.:Fr.) Vuill and Trichoderma viride Pers. were found to be associated with the selected vegetable. .Aspergillus niger was predominating fungus associated with both the varieties of bitter gourd. Among the isolated 9 fungi A. niger, C. brchyspora, Fusarium sp., R. stolonifer and T. viride were found to be pathogenic to both the varieties of M. charantia. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 42(2): 145-152, December 2016

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Singh, Shivali, Anshu Sharma, Rahul Reddy K, and Mahesh Kumar Samota. "Eco-Friendly Processing of Momordica Charantia L. Based Chemical Free Functionally Enriched Nectar And Evaluation of Its Nutritional Profile." Bangladesh Journal of Botany 51, no. 3 (2022): 445–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v51i3.61990.

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The study was conducted to utilize functional attributes of Momordica charantia juice extract by mixing with papaya pulp for imparting yellow-orangecolour of its carotenoids and aonla juice with high Vitamin C to develop Momordica charantia blended functional nectar beverage without any preservative and synthetic food colorant. The ratio of 50 : 25 : 25 of bitter gourd juice extract, aonla juice and papaya pulp with best sensory scores on a nine-point hedonic scale was optimized for the processing of the blended beverage. Functional profile in terms of quality attributes such as reducing sugars (8.39%), DPPH activity (64.20%), total phenolics (41 mg/100 ml), carotenoids (0.58 mg/100 ml), and ascorbic acid (28.8 mg/100 ml) were recorded best in organic honey-based spiced blended nectar. However, charantin content (0.111 mg/100 ml) was found highest in plain bitter gourd beverage. Organoleptic scores and rich functional profile recorded during studies strongly indicated a positive perception of consumers and the need for commercialization. Bangladesh J. Bot. 51(3): 445-453, 2022 (September)

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Khan, Rashid, and D. K. Sarolia. "Stability analysis in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.)." Agricultural Research Journal 56, no. 3 (2019): 392. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2395-146x.2019.00064.4.

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Yadav, Murlee, D. B. Singh, Rashmi Chaudhary, and Devi Singh. "Genetic Variability in Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia L.)." Journal of Horticultural Sciences 3, no. 1 (2008): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.24154/jhs.v3i1.591.

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The variance analysis for 17 plant characters showed significant differences. Maximum vine length was recorded in IC-85635A. Significantly higher number of primary branches per vine and internodal length were observed in IC-85639. Maximum number of nodes was observed in JMC-4. Significantly minimum number of days for first appearance of male flower and maximum fruit length, fruit width, yield per vine, yield per plot, yield/ha were recorded in MC-84. Highest number of fruits per vine was recorded in GY-I and minimum powdery mildew infestation was observed in JMC-22.

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Channa, Musib-U.-Rahman, Farhan Ali Wagan, Tanveer Fatima Miano, and Maqsood Ali Wagan. "COMPARISON OF BITTER GOURD (Momordica Charantia L.) VARIETIES UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF SALT STRESS." Tropical Agroecosystems 4, no. 1 (2023): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/taec.01.2023.11.14.

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The experiment was performed during 2022 to compare Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) varieties under the influence of salt stress. And three-replicated Completely Randomized Design (CRD) design was used for its layout (factorial). The bitter gourd that was grown in canal water (the control) ended up coming in first place. It had a germination rate of 73.68%, a germination index of 1.83%, a vine length of 14.64 cm, a leaves of 5.06 plant, a root length of 13.02 cm, a root biomass of 1.33 g,. The bitter gourd was provided with 2 dSm1 and it finished in second place. It had a germination rate of 63.64%, a germination index of 1.67, a vine length of 14.08 cm, a leaf yield of 4.94 leaves plant, a root length of 12.51 cm, a root biomass of 1.23 g, %. The bitter gourd came in third place after receiving 4 dSm1 and achieving the following results: a germination rate of 39.33%, a germination index of 1.33, a vine length of 12.75 cm, a leaf yield of 4.84 leaves plant, a root length of 10.35 cm, and 1.11 g from its roots, This The plants that were given 6 dSm1 had a germination rate of 37.23 %, a germination index of 1.21, a vine length of 8.63 cm 4.32 leaves per plant, a root length of 9.19 cm, 0.88 g of root biomass, from their leaves, which placed them in fourth place. In a manner analogous, the Bitter gourd 8 dSm1 had a germination rate of 31.93%, a germination index of 0.92, a vine length of 6.15 cm, a leaf yield of 4.10 leaves plant, a root length of 8.06 cm, a root biomass of 0.57 g, . All of these measurements were taken in the Kiran variety performed the best out of those that were examined. It had a germination rate of 56.52 %, an index of 4.42, a vine length of 11.33 cm, a leaf yield of 4.67 per plant, a root length of 10.63 cm, a root biomass of 1.54 g,. Additionally Peshawar, the variety that came in second place, had a germination rate of 41.8 %, a germination index of 4.02, a vine length of 11.17 cm, a leaf yield of 4.63 leaves per plant, a root length of 10.62 cm, , a root biomass of 0.51 g, These are the statistics that were used to According to the findings of this experiment; bitter gourds that were subjected to treatment with canal water (the control) exhibited the greatest rates of the germination and vegetative growth and developments, followed by bitter gourds that were subjected to treatment with either 2 or 4 dSm¹.

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Niu, Yu, Ting Zhang, Muxi Chen, et al. "Analysis of the Complete Mitochondrial Genome of the Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia)." Plants 12, no. 8 (2023): 1686. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12081686.

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Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) is a significant vegetable. Although it has a special bitter taste, it is still popular with the public. The industrialization of bitter gourd could be hampered by a lack of genetic resources. The bitter gourd’s mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes have not been extensively studied. In the present study, the mitochondrial genome of bitter gourd was sequenced and assembled, and its substructure was investigated. The mitochondrial genome of bitter gourd is 331,440 bp with 24 unique core genes, 16 variable genes, 3 rRNAs, and 23 tRNAs. We identified 134 SSRs and 15 tandem repeats in the entire mitochondrial genome of bitter gourd. Moreover, 402 pairs of repeats with a length greater than or equal to 30 were observed in total. The longest palindromic repeat was 523 bp, and the longest forward repeat was 342 bp. We found 20 homologous DNA fragments in bitter gourd, and the summary insert length was 19,427 bp, accounting for 5.86% of the mitochondrial genome. We predicted a total of 447 potential RNA editing sites in 39 unique PCGs and also discovered that the ccmFN gene has been edited the most often, at 38 times. This study provides a basis for a better understanding and analysis of differences in the evolution and inheritance patterns of cucurbit mitochondrial genomes.

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Adarsh, Anupam, Pankaj Kumar, Bishun D. Prasa, Randhir Kumar, and Hemant K. Singh. "Genetic Diversity Analysis of Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia L.) Germplasm using Molecular Markers." Indian Journal of Plant Genetic Resources 36, no. 03 (2023): 442–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.61949/0976-1926.2023.v36i03.14.

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Bitter gourd [Momordica charantia L.] is an important cucurbitaceous crop of medicinal and nutraceutical value. The present study was conducted to compare the efficacy of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) molecular markers for genetic diversity analysis of bitter gourd. Twenty-one genotypes of bitter gourd, collected from different parts of India, were used for diversity analysis using two different types of markers. RAPD and ISSR markers yielded an average of 7.16 and 5.73 amplicon per primer, respectively. In the present study, RAPD and ISSR showed 89 and 63% polymorphic bands, respectively. Combined data analysis of RAPD and ISSR markers provided 73.66% polymorphism with 5.33 polymorphic amplicons per primer. The better discriminatory power of ISSR markers over RAPD markers may be due to comparatively higher values of average polymorphic information content (0.175) as well as the diverse nature of the genotypes. The information generated in this study would be helpful in designing breeding strategies for bitter gourd improvement.

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Liu, Yi-Jui, Yun-Ju Lai, Reuben Wang, Yi-Chen Lo, and Chun-Hui Chiu. "The Effect of Thermal Processing on the Saponin Profiles of Momordica charantia L." Journal of Food Quality 2020 (September 22, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8862020.

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Saponins from Momordica charantia L. are a class of triterpenoid glucoside molecules that contribute to the bitter flavour of the plant and possess pharmacological properties. However, little is known about how the bioactivity and bitter flavour of saponins are affected by thermal processing. We established saponin profiles in bitter gourd extracts using a UPLC-ESI-MS/MS method. Seven saponins including momordicoside F1, momordicoside F2, momordicoside I, momordicoside K, momordicoside L, 3β,7β,25-trihydroxycucurbita-5, 23(E)-dien-19-al, and momordicine I were monitored for the effects of thermal processing on their stabilities. The results showed that both 3β,7β,25-trihydroxycucurbita-5,23(E)-dien-19-al and momordicoside L were extremely sensitive to heat treatment, particularly when they were heated at 100°C for more than 10 mins and under 121°C for 20 mins. Other saponins were reduced significantly by autoclaving, but they remained unchanged at lower temperatures. In conclusion, specific bitter gourd saponins are affected by thermal treatment, which may modify the bioactive components or bitter flavour of the bitter gourd extracts.

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Sundharaiya, K., and K. Venkatesan. "Studies on Combining Ability in Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia L.)." Journal of Horticultural Sciences 2, no. 1 (2007): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.24154/jhs.v2i1.641.

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Combining ability study in eight bitter gourd lines, to identify suitable parents and crosses for further exploitation, indicated that the lines MC 13 (L1) and Panruti Local (L2) were good general combiners for yield per vine. The lines Ayakudi Local (L3) and Mithipagal (L5) recorded negative general combining ability and lower per se for days to first female flowering and days to fruit maturity. This can be utilized in breeding programme to develop earliness in bitter gourd. The hybrids MC 13 x Arka Harit (L1 x T3), Panruti Local x VK 1 Priya (L2 x T2) and MC 13 x Co 1 (L1 x T1) registered higher per se and specific combining ability for fruit length, individual fruit weight and yield per vine. The study revealed that additive x additive and additive x dominance type of interactions played a major role for days to first female flowering, days to fruit maturity, number of fruits per vine, fruit length, fruit size index, cavity size index, single fruit weight and yield per vine. The lines L1, L2, L3 and L5 expressed higher per se and general combining ability for most of the characters can successfully be utilized for developing superior hybrids in bitter gourd hybridization programmes.

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C, Thangamani, and Pugalendhi L. "Combining Ability Studies in Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia L.)." Madras Agricultural Journal 100, March (2013): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.001228.

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An experiment was under taken to study the combining ability analysis using ten parental lines and their F1 hybrids of bitter gourd through full diallel analysis for yield and its contributing characters. The mean squares due to GCA (General Combining ability) and SCA (Specific Combining Ability) were significant for all the characters. The ratio of σ2g/σ2s was lesser than one for the characters viz., yield of fruits per vine, ascorbic acid content and iron content thereby indicating preponderance of non- additive (dominance) variance in expression of these traits. The parents CO-1 and Preethi were the best general combiners as it showed desirable GCA effects in favourable direction for most of the traits. The highest SCA effects observed in MC-105 x MC-10 for total fruit yield per plant and number of fruits per plant and for iron content, days to first female flower appearance and days to first harvest, Preethi x MC-30 showed desirable SCA effects in favourable direction. The best general combiners and desirable cross combinations may be further used in the breeding programme for bitter gourd crop improvement.

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S. B. Chattopadhyay, M. Lakshman Naik, and Arup Chattopadhyay. "Genetic Divergence Studies in Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia L.)." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 10, no. 2 (2021): 1144–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2021.1002.135.

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Khan, Rashid, D. K. Sarolia, R. A. Kaushik, R. B. Dubey, and L. N. Mahawer. "Combining ability studies in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.)." Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding 8, no. 4 (2017): 1298. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0975-928x.2017.00186.7.

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J. R., Krishnendu, and Nandini P. V. "Nutritional Composition of Bitter Gourd Types (Momordica Charantia L.)." International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science 3, no. 10 (2016): 96–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijaers/3.10.18.

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Bhatt, L., S. P. Singh, A. K. Soni, and M. K. Samota. "Studies on Heterosis in Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia L.)." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 6, no. 7 (2017): 4069–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.607.422.

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Jatav, Vinod, Dk Singh, Nk Singh, and A. Panchbhaiya. "Principal Component Analysis in Bitter Gourd (Momordica Charantia L.)." Bangladesh Journal of Botany 51, no. 1 (2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v51i1.58813.

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Investigation was carried out to assess genetic diversity through principal component analysis (PCA) and D2 analysis. Twenty four genotypes of bitter gourd were grown in RBD with three replications including two checks (Pant karela-1 and Pant karela-2). Principal component analysis showed that the first Eigen root had maximum of 26.83% variation of total variation, while the first six principal component axes together with explained 84.05% variation, which were used for cluster analysis, suggesting first six principal axes are adequate to explain the variation in reduced dimension. Clustering through D2 analysis revealed maximum inter-cluster distance of 498.80 between clusters IV and V followed by cluster III and V (322.81). Thus the genotypes grouped under cluster V, IV and III may yield maximum heterosis upon hybridization and also create wide variability including transgressive segregants in selfed generations. Bangladesh J. Bot. 51(1): 1-7, 2022 (March)

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Ram, Dangar, Sanjeet Kumar, Major Singh, Mathura Rai, and Gautam Kalloo. "Inheritance of Gynoecism in Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia L.)." Journal of Heredity 97, no. 3 (2006): 294–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esj028.

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KR, Nithinkumar, Aravinda Kumar J. S, Varalakshmi B, Sadanand K. Mushrif, Ramachandra R. K, and Prashanth S. J. "Genetic Divergence Study in Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.)." Journal of Horticultural Sciences 16, no. 2 (2022): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.24154/jhs.v16i2.1016.

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The genetic divergence of forty bitter gourd genotypes was studied for sixteen different parameters by adopting Mahalanobis D2 statistics using Tocher's method. The genotypes were grouped into six clusters irrespective of geographic divergence, indicating no parallelism between geographic and genetic diversity. A maximum of 32 genotypes entered in cluster I, followed by 4 genotypes in cluster II. The cluster III, IV, V and VI had single genotypes each. The maximum inter-cluster distance was obtained between cluster II and VI (1620.05) while minimum distance was between III and V (103.32). Cluster V followed by cluster VI showed superiority for yield and other desirable traits, which indicate the potentiality of these diverse genotype collection for providing basic material for future breeding programmes.

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Rampal, Raj Kumar, and Preeti Dogra. "Impact of treated and untreated distillery effluent on Momordica charantia L. var. Jaunpuri super special." Environment Conservation Journal 8, no. 1&2 (2007): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.2007.081209.

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The present study has been made to evaluate the impact of treated and untreated distillery effluent from M/s Devans Modern Breweries Ltd. Talab Tillo, Bohri, Jammu on seed germination, growth parameters and yield of Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia L. var. Jaunpuri Super Special). From the analysis of data and the impact of distillery effluent on various quantitative morphological features of Momordica charantia, it can be concluded that the Untreated Distillery Effluent is detrimental for the growth of plants whereas Treated Distillery Effluent without dilution is also harmful for agriculture.

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Khan, Muhammad Ishfaq, Saira Abbas, Fahim Ullah Khan, Nadia Mushtaq, and Surayaia Shahab Rani. "The Effect of Ascorbic Acid on In-vitro Development of Momordica charantia L under Arsenic Stress." Annual Research & Review in Biology 40, no. 4 (2025): 131–45. https://doi.org/10.9734/arrb/2025/v40i42228.

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Momordica charantia L. is the scientific name of bitter gourd and its local name is Karela. The flower only blooms once a year and has only one sex. The plant has also some medicinal value. Heavy metals can be found in small amounts in nature. Certain heavy metals such as Cu, As, and Hg inhibit plant growth. Heavy metals alter the characteristics of soil especially biological properties. Ascorbic acid is commonly known as growth regulator, which is responsible for enhancement of plant growth. It also inhibits the heavy metals' impacton plants. After 28 days the plants were harvested and analyze the morphological and biochemical parameters. As compared to other treatments, ascorbic acid showed remarkable results in the enhancement of seed germination percentage, seed germination index, shoot and root length, photosynthetic pigments, carotenoids, dry and fresh weight of roots and shoots. By applying arsenic to other replicas, they showed adverse effect on the growth parameters of bitter gourd. According to the findings of the current work, seed soaking in ascorbic acid could be a highly effective way to lessen the negative effects of stress caused by arsenic on bitter gourd. The results showed that bitter gourdhas the ability to tolerate heavy metals stress and minimized the negative effect of arsenic stress. This research work will help in the genetic engineering field to identify the gene and plant molecular mechanisms that minimize the negative effect of arsenic in Momordica charantia L. and also to produce arsenic-resistant varieties. This study will help in obtaining a high yield and nutritional value of Momordica charantia L. by applying ascorbic acid to that plant grown in arsenic-polluted soil. These findings are also applicable for those important crops which have facing the same heavy metal stress, by analyzing the efficacy of ascorbic acid in minimizing the heavy metal stress.

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Lee, Hee Ju, Ji-Hye Moon, Woo-Moon Lee, et al. "Charantin Contents and Fruit Characteristics of Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia L.) Accessions." Journal of Bio-Environment Control 21, no. 4 (2012): 379–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.12791/ksbec.2012.21.4.379.

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IYER, R. INDIRA, H. SOWMYA, R. POOJA YASHWANTHI, C. SELVARAJU, and ST SANTHIYA. "Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles of bio-active phytochemicals with anti-bacterial activity from callus cultures of bitter gourd, Momordica charantia L." Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Sciences 35, no. 2013 (2013): 147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.62029/jmaps.v35i3.iyer.

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Momordica charantia (bitter gourd), an anti-diabetic plant species, is a rich source of several bioactive molecules. In the present study the callus cultures of M. charantia were established in vitro and the presence of therapeutic compounds including lignans was detected in them. Rapid synthesis of silver nanoparticles by such calli was achieved. These nanoparticles as well as the ethanolic extract of the callus cultures exhibited strong anti-bacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. In addition the silver nanoparticles were also found active against drug-resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This is the first report of synthesis of silver nanoparticles from callus cultures of Momordica charantia.

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Behera, T. K., D. R. Bhardwaj, and K. K. Gautam. "Bitter Gourd: Breeding and Genomics." Vegetable Science 50, Special (2023): 189–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.61180/vegsci.2023.v50.spl.06.

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Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) is known tropical cucurbitaceous vegetable for its nutritional, medicinal and curative properties. The immature fruit is valued for its bitter taste and richness in calcium, phosphorous, iron, copper, potassium and vitamins A, B1, B2 and C. The genus Momordica consist of 60 species worldwide and out of them 7 species (Momordica charantia, M. balsamina, M. dioica, M. cochinchinensis, M. tuberosa, M. subangulata M. macrophylla) are found in Indian sub-continent which expressed large variability with respect to fruit shape, size, coulour due to varied edaphic and climatic conditions. Breeding efforts for emergence of early pistillate flower at earlier nodes, high female to male sex ratio, earliness, fruit color, firm fruit with narrow seed cavity, less seed development, desirable fruit shape, size, non-ridge fruits, thick flesh, thick flesh, resistant to leaf mosaic and fruit fly and suitability for export, canning and dehydration. Considering the above traits, several varieties and hybrids in different segments has been developed by public and private seed companies. Due to monoecism and expression of gynoecism has played a vital role in development of high yielding varieties, hybrids and seed production. The major limitations of molecular markers are limited in number, and their association with few economically important traits in bitter gourd. Generation of high-density genetic maps is the best way to identify the closely associated or functional markers for marker assisted selection and map-based cloning for fruit-related traits, gynoecium sex and yield. Crop wild relative can play an important role as a source of stress tolerance. The availability of whole genome information, selection of biotic and abiotic stress tolerant genes along with heterosis related alleles can be easily accomplished in breeding programmes.

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Ilham, Muhammad Ilham Gandi, Ika Dyah Kurniati Ika, and Mega Pandu Arfiyanti Mega. "UJI EFEKTIVITAS EKSTRAK METANOL BUAH PARE (MOMORDICA CHARANTIA L.) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN ASPERGILLUS NIGER." Bina Generasi : Jurnal Kesehatan 14, no. 1 (2022): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.35907/bgjk.v14i1.237.

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Aspergillus niger is a species of fungus from the genus Aspergillus which is reported to be the main cause of otomycosis. Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) contains several compounds, namely phenols, flavonoids, triterpenoids, steroids, saponins, and alkaloids that have potential as antifungals. This study aims to determine the content of phytochemical compounds present in the methanol extract of bitter melon and to test the effectiveness of the methanol extract of bitter melon on the growth of Aspergillus niger through the MIC test. This study used an in vitro laboratory experimental research design with a post-test-only control group design method. The MIC test used the multilevel serial microdilution method which was observed visually. The extract concentrations used were 8000 µg/ml, 4000 µg/ml, 2000 µg/ml, 1000 µg/ml, 500 µg/ml, 250 µg/ml, 125 µg/ml, and 62.5 µg/ml. The fruit samples of this study was bitter gourd obtained from bitter gourd farmers in Bandungan District, Semarang Regency, and pure culture of Aspergillus niger FNCC 6018. Data analysis used descriptive analysis. The results of the phytochemical screening showed positive saponins, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds, and the MIC value was not found. It was concluded that the methanol extract of bitter melon was not effective in inhibiting the growth of Aspergillus niger.

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Noor, Muhammad, Siti Malahayati, and Kunti Nastiti. "FORMULASI DAN UJI STABILITAS SEDIAAN TONER WAJAH EKSTRAK BUAH PARE (Momordica charantia L) SEBAGAI ANTI JERAWAT DENGAN VARIASI SURFAKTAN." Jurnal Riset Kefarmasian Indonesia 5, no. 1 (2023): 133–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.33759/jrki.v5i1.330.

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Bitter gourd extract (Momordica charantia L) contains secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, alkaloids, and saponins that can be antibacterial against acne-causing bacteria (Propionibacterium acnes). Momordica charantia L., could make into facial toner preparations to prevent the emergence and worsen acne. It is formulated with various concentrations of polysorbate 20 and performs stability testing. This study aimed at the optimal formula and analyzed the variations in the concentration effect of polysorbate 20 on the bitter gourd extract facial toner preparation. Bitter gourd extract would make into facial toner preparation with variations in the concentration of polysorbate 20. The accelerated stability test with the cycling test method includes before and after organoleptic, homogeneity, viscosity, and pH tests. The organoleptic stability result shows both stable formulas had the same liquid form, clear brown color, and characteristic rose odor. All formulations are stable on homogeneity, in which the particles are evenly mixed. The Formula I viscosity value is constantly stabilized and meets the parameters, while formula II is not but meets the parameters. The pH stability values of both formulas are stable and meet the parameters. Formula I is more optimal than formula II and the difference in surfactant concentration of polysorbate 20 has no effect on organoleptic, homogeneity, and pH but will affect viscosity.

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A, Donal Bhattacharjee, Satyabrata Das, and R. S. Dhua. "Dehydration for Better Quality Value Added Product of Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia L.)." Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Research 4, no. 04 (2016): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.30750/ijpbr.4.4.9.

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An experiment was carried out to evaluate the dehydration and rehydration characteristics of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) fruits. The slices of bitter gourd were blanched in boiling water and steam for 1, 2 and 3 minutes respectively. The slices were then dried at 65°C, 60°C and 55°C in a cabinet dryer up to constant moisture content.After final dehydration, rehydration for 10minutes, 20minutes, 30minutes, 50minutes, 70minutes and 90 minutes were undertaken respectively. There were seven treatments, replicated thrice and experiment was laid out in completely randomized design. The moisture content declined rapidly in bitter gourd rings dried at 65°C.The rehydration ratio recorded was 6.42, coefficient of rehydration was 13.91 and percent water in rehydrated sample was 88.14% respectively in water blanched samples. Hence, it is concluded that, among the three drying temperatures and two blanching methods, better dehydration and rehydration characters were reported in samples dried at 60°C and blanched in water for 2 minutes.

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El-Khayat, Lamiaa, Mohssen Elbagory, Mohamed Elsadek, et al. "Enhancing Growth, Yield, and Antioxidant Activity of Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia L.) through Amino Acid Foliar Spray Application." Horticulturae 10, no. 1 (2023): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10010041.

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Bitter gourd has picked up noteworthy consideration for its pharmacological benefits. However, the impact of amino acids (AAs) dosage on growth, yield, and antioxidants is uncertain. In this study, we investigated the effects of foliar spraying bitter gourd with 100, 200, and 300 mg/L dosages of tryptophan (Trp), glutamine (Gln), and phenylalanine (Phe). The results revealed that Trp, at a dosage of 300 mg/L, produced the most substantial increase in plant length, followed by 300 mg/L Phe. Additionally, the highest values of the fresh dry weight of the plants, fresh weight of the first fruit, fruit number per plant, fresh weight of the fruits per plant, and total fruit output per hectare were seen at 300 mg/L of Trp, followed by 300 mg/L of Gln. Phe at 300 mg/L yielded the highest levels of total phenolics and total flavonoids, coupled with strong scavenging activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl. These outcomes show the potential of Trp and Gln foliar sprays to enhance bitter gourd growth, yield, and certain antioxidant compounds. These findings carry substantial implications for the enhancement of bitter gourd cultivation and quality. By revealing AA’s potential for improving bitter gourd, our research contributes to bolstering the agricultural sustainability of this remarkable crop.

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Mallikarjuna, K. N., Bhoopal Singh Tomar, Manisha Mangal, et al. "Genetic Diversity and Population Structure Analyses in Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia L.) Based on Agro-Morphological and Microsatellite Markers." Plants 12, no. 19 (2023): 3512. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12193512.

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Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) is an important vine crop of the Cucurbitaceae family and is well known for its high nutritional and medicinal values. However, the genetic variation remains largely unknown. Herein, 96 diverse bitter gourd genotypes were undertaken for diversity analysis using 10 quantitative traits, and 82 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Out of 82 SSRs, 33 were polymorphic and the mean polymorphism information content (PIC) value was 0.38. Marker, JY-003 revealed a maximum (0.81) PIC value and, the number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 7 (average 3.46). The value of gene diversity showed the presence of a significant level of polymorphism among these genotypes. The unweighted pair group method (UPGMA) cluster analysis grouped the genotypes into two major clusters of which Cluster I comprised mostly small and medium-fruited genotypes of both M. charantia var. charantia and M. charantia var. muricata, whereas Cluster II included mostly long and extra-long fruited genotypes. Furthermore, these genotypes were divided into six distinct groups based on population structure analysis. The diversity analysis based on 10 quantitative traits revealed that earliness and high-yielding ability were exhibited by the predominantly gynoecious line DBGS-21-06 followed by DBGS-48-00. The principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the first two components exhibited more than 50% of the total genetic variation. The present study deciphered a higher magnitude of agro-morphological and genetic diversity in 96 bitter gourd genotypes. Therefore, trait-specific genotypes identified in this study could be utilized in breeding programmes directed towards the development of improved cultivars and hybrids of bitter gourd.

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OZSAN KILIC, Tugce, and Ahmet Naci ONUS. "Effects of pre-harvest chitosan application on growth parameters and total phenolic - antioxidant contents of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.)." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 15, no. 3 (2023): 11652. http://dx.doi.org/10.55779/nsb15311652.

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Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) plant is cultivated for both culinary and medicinal purposes in the world due to its valuable benefits for health-promoting properties. The current study aimed to reveal the effects of chitosan applied at three different concentrations (50 ppm, 100 ppm, and 150 ppm) in three different treatments with 21 days intervals on growth parameters and total phenolic and antioxidant contents of bitter gourd. The findings of the study demonstrated that the foliar treatment with 100 ppm chitosan at the second and third treatments had positive effects on the majority of growth parameters examined and on increasing total phenol and antioxidants in bitter gourd. As a result, chitosan could be a possible substance to be used to enhance bitter gourd plants’ growth and development as well as in several industrial fields such as pharmaceuticals and agriculture.

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Situmorang, Cindy Claudia Oktavia, and Rosmidah Hasibuan. "Karakteristik Tumbuhan Pare (Momordica charantia L.) yang Berhasil Dimanfaatkan sebagai Bahan Pangan di Desa Tebing Linggahara Kabupaten Labuhanbatu." Bioscientist : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi 11, no. 1 (2023): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.33394/bioscientist.v11i1.7385.

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Bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) is a vine, elongated, and has fruit that is small oval in color and has rather fine nodules, with a characteristic very bitter taste found in the fruit. The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of bitter melon which is used as a food ingredient and to increase the value of developing food products in society and the modern market. The method used in this research is a descriptive survey method. Based on the results of research conducted bitter gourd contains lots of vitamins and very good properties. The existence of bitter gourd is very easy to cultivate so that it can be used as food that can be marketed in the community. Therefore, it can be easier to introduce bitter melon to the public by managing and knowing the marketing strategy for bitter melon, so that bitter melon can develop into the international market. Given the low and limited use of bitter gourd, it is therefore necessary to develop food products made from bitter gourd to increase its value and use which is none other than the nutritional content of bitter gourd. One way to take advantage of the value of its content is to process it into bitter melon chips. Chips are snacks that have a high shelf life, good taste, and many variations to meet consumer tastes.

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Savsatli, Yusuf, and Arzu Karatas. "Effects of grafting on some phytochemical traits and elemental composition in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.)." Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus 20, no. 6 (2021): 117–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2021.6.12.

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Grafting method in vegetables has been used in common due to positive effects in agriculture. In this context, it is focused that the studies aimed at increasing yield and quality through grafting. This research was carried out to determine the effects of grafting bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) onto pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima). Effects of grafting on extract yield, dry matter ratio, ash, and macro and micro elemental content of the fruits and leaves of bitter gourd were determined in greenhouse conditions. Grafting significantly increased the dry matter ratio and extract yield in the bitter gourd fruits and the ash content in young, mature and old leaves. In the fruits, a positive correlation (R = 0.9264) was found only between extract yield and dry matter ratio. The main important effect of grafting in terms of macro and micro elements appeared on the fruits of bitter gourd. The accumulation of Ca2+ in the leaves increased during maturation. The positive effect of grafting in terms of Ca2+ increase in fruits was higher in unripe fruits compared to ripe fruits. In addition to obtaining more extracts from the fruits bitter gourd, the enrichment of its fruits in terms of Ca2+ and K+ and its leaves in terms of Ca2+ increases the importance of these parts in terms of human nutrition.

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Zhang, Yongxue, Panling Lu, Haijun Jin, et al. "Integrated Secondary Metabolomic and Antioxidant Ability Analysis Reveals the Accumulation Patterns of Metabolites in Momordica charantia L. of Different Cultivars." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 19 (2023): 14495. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241914495.

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Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) contains rich bioactive ingredients and secondary metabolites; hence, it has been used as medicine and food product. This study systematically quantified the nutrient contents, the total content of phenolic acids (TPC), flavonoids (TFC), and triterpenoids (TTC) in seven different cultivars of bitter gourd. This study also estimated the organic acid content and antioxidative capacity of different cultivars of bitter gourd. Although the TPC, TFC, TTC, organic acid content, and antioxidative activity differed significantly among different cultivars of bitter gourd, significant correlations were also observed in the obtained data. In the metabolomics analysis, 370 secondary metabolites were identified in seven cultivars of bitter gourd; flavonoids and phenolic acids were significantly more. Differentially accumulated metabolites identified in this study were mainly associated with secondary metabolic pathways, including pathways of flavonoid, flavonol, isoflavonoid, flavone, folate, and phenylpropanoid biosyntheses. A number of metabolites (n = 27) were significantly correlated (positive or negative) with antioxidative capacity (r ≥ 0.7 and p < 0.05). The outcomes suggest that bitter gourd contains a plethora of bioactive compounds; hence, bitter gourd may potentially be applied in developing novel molecules of medicinal importance.

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Mahmood, M. Shahid. "MOMORDICA CHARANTIA L. (bitter gourd) AS A CANDIDATE FOR THE CONTROL OF BACTERIAL AND FUNGAL GROWTH." Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences 56, no. 04 (2019): 1031–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21162/pakjas/19.7684.

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The plants use for medicinal purposes have been experienced by an extensive proportion of population of population for many centuries. The present study was designed to formulate cost effective dietary interventions to prevent and treat certain microbial diseases. The current experiment was conducted for evaluation of antifungal and antibacterial effects of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.), which is locally named as Karella. All parts of bitter gourd were used including seeds, pulp and skin. Its methanolic extracts were taken to check its antibacterial efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) by paper disc diffusion test. Antifungal efficacy against selected species of Penicillium and Aspergillus was done by Agar Well-Diffusion Method. Broth Dilution method and Agar Well-Diffusion Method were used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Zones of inhibition diameters were 11mm, 7mm, 11mm and 9mm for Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli, respectively. There was no zone of inhibition against MRSA. The zones of inhibition for bitter gourd seed were 12mm, 8mm, 12mm and 11mm for Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhi, respectively. The MIC of bitter gourd pulp against Aspergillus niger and Penicillium expansum was 400mg/ml and 600mg/ml, respectively. The MIC of bitter gourd seed against Aspergillus niger and Penicillium expansum was 300mg/ml and 400mg/ml, respectively. Taking together, bitter ground was found a cost effective antibacterial and antifungal agent, it may be used an effective alternate remedial option

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Martin, Marie. "Nutritional and therapeutic benefits of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.)." International Journal of Agriculture and Nutrition 6, no. 2 (2024): 01–03. http://dx.doi.org/10.33545/26646064.2024.v6.i1a.170.

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., B. Sikdar, M. Shafiullah ., A. R. Chowdhury ., N. Sharmin ., S. Nahar ., and O. I. Joarder . "Agrobacterium-mediated GUS Expression in Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia L.)." Biotechnology(Faisalabad) 4, no. 2 (2005): 149–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/biotech.2005.149.152.

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Rasheed, Sadia, Sahar Zaidi, and M. Kamran Azim. "The chloroplast genome sequence of Momordica charantia L. (bitter gourd)." Gene Reports 21 (December 2020): 100963. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100963.

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Resmi, J., and I. Sreelathakumary. "Studies on Genetic Divergence in Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia L.)." Journal of Horticultural Sciences 7, no. 2 (2012): 152–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.24154/jhs.v7i2.367.

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Genetic divergence study was conducted on 33 bitter gourd genotypes for twenty characters. These genotypes were grouped into five clusters irrespective of geographic divergence, indicating no parallelism between geographic and genetic diversity. Cluster-I was the largest comprising 11 genotypes, followed by Clusters-III and V with 10 genotypes each. Clusters-II and IV comprised one genotype each. As regards cluster means, Clusters-II and IV performed better in most of the biometric characters studied. Maximum inter-cluster distance was observed in Clusters-III and IV, followed by Clusters-II and III, and clusters-I and IV. Intra-cluster distance was highest in Cluster I.

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Prabakaran, G. P., and V. Sundaram. "Studies on character association in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.)." Progressive Horticulture 54, no. 1 (2022): 92–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2249-5258.2022.00012.4.

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Martin, Marie. "Nutritional and therapeutic benefits of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.)." International Journal of Agriculture and Nutrition 6, no. 2 (2024): 01–03. https://doi.org/10.33545/26646064.2024.v6.i2a.170.

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Kausar, Nadia, Zubaida Yousaf, Afifa Younas, et al. "Karyological analysis of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L., Cucurbitaceae) from Southeast Asian countries." Plant Genetic Resources 13, no. 2 (2014): 180–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s147926211400077x.

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Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae) is a commonly cultivated functional food plant. In the present study, karyological variation among 34 accessions of M. charantia originating from the Indian subcontinent (Bangladesh, India and Pakistan) and Thailand was evaluated. Ploidy levels ranging from diploid (2n= 22) to hexaploid (2n= 66) were observed. Hexaploidy in M. charantia is reported herein for the first time. Chromosome length ranged from 0.8 to 2.9 μm. The hexaploid accessions had submetacentric and subtelocentric chromosomes. All accessions harboured median and submedian chromosomes. Only one hexaploid accession (TOT1140) had chromosomes with subterminal centromeres. There was considerable variation in chromosome length and chromosome arm ratio.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia L.)'

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