Academic literature on the topic 'Bitter leaf plant'
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Journal articles on the topic "Bitter leaf plant"
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Adigwe, Obi Peter, Godspower Onavbavba, and Ofure Omoarelojie. "Awareness, knowledge and belief regarding bitter leaf use: A cross-sectional study in Nigeria." PLOS One 20, no. 6 (2025): e0322364. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0322364.
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Background Vernonia amygdalina, also known as bitter leaf, is a plant that is widespread in Nigeria. Bitter leaf plant has several medicinal properties, and the plant is also widely used due to its various gastronomic applications. This study aimed to assess awareness, knowledge, and beliefs regarding bitter leaf use. Methods A cross-sectional study was undertaken in Nigeria. Paper-based questionnaires were administered to participants, and the data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Results Of the 500 questionnaires that were administered, a total of 401 copies were completed and returned, resulting in a response rate of 80.2%. About two-thirds (65%) of the study participants were females, whilst 35% were males. Almost all the participants (98%) had heard about bitter leaf, the total mean score for knowledge of bitter leaf use amongst the respondents was 4.80 ± 2.14 (Range 0–9). Using the Bloom cut off, only about 11.7% of the population had good knowledge and 27.2% had moderate knowledge regarding bitter leaf. However, more than three-quarters of the sample (79.6%) linked bitter leaf to its glucose lowering properties, towards optimal maintenance of blood sugar levels. The respondents’ sources of information on bitter leaf use were mainly from relatives (88%) and social media (19.9%). Statistically significant findings revealed stronger belief amongst females regarding the employment of bitter leaf as a weight loss intervention (p = 0.042). Conclusion Although most participants were familiar with the bitter leaf plant, only a few of them had adequate knowledge of its properties. Given its widespread use, a comprehensive understanding is imperative to prevent misuse. Findings from this study indicate that most people rely on informal sources for information about the plant, potentially leading to misconceptions regarding proper use. Consequently, evidence-based public education is needed to promote safe consumption and fully harness the plant’s nutritional and medicinal benefits.
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Musa, Abdulrasak, and Samuel Adewale. "Peel and leaf powders of three fruits and a vegetable as promising botanicals against Callosobruchus maculatus (F.)." Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade 60, no. 4 (2015): 455–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jas1504455m.
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The aim of this study was to examine the insecticidal activities of powders of bitter leaf, cashew leaf, orange peel and pawpaw leaf against Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). These were tested at 2.5%, 5.0% and 7.5% (w/w) for their insecticidal activities against the insect. Results showed that the ovicidal and adulticidal activities of the plant powders depended on dosages and exposure time. Mortalities of 16.28% and 18.75% were observed in bitter leaf powder applied at 7.5% (w/w) dosage within 24 and 48 hours post infestation (HPI), respectively. In grains treated with 7.5% orange peel powder, 12.50% and 16.28% mortalities were observed within 24 and 48 HPI, respectively. Each of bitter leaf and orange peel powders was significantly different (p<0.05) in causing adult mortality at the highest dosage compared with the control. Oviposition was inhibited at the highest dosage of the plant powders, but the percentage of oviposition in the lower dosages was three-fold lower than the control. The plant powders also significantly reduced progeny emergence and grain damaged by the beetle. No beetle emergence was recorded in grains treated with bitter leaf powder at 27 DPI. Adult beetles in grains treated with cashew and pawpaw leaf powders caused grain damage of 46.3-54.7% and 44.7-60.7%, respectively during the study period. There was a noteworthy decrease in insecticidal effects of the plant powders as indicated: bitter leaf > orange peel > cashew leaf > pawpaw leaf. It is recommended that incorporating these plant parts in pest management of stored products will guarantee user safety, reduce environmental pollution and suppress insect infestation.
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Ofongo, R. T. S., and E. I. Ohimain. "Effect of enzyme supplementation and plant extracts on villus height and microbial counts in broilers." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 46, no. 2 (2020): 137–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v46i2.28.
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Due to issues concerning antimicrobial resistance, the use of antibiotics in poultry and pigs has been restricted in many countries. The research focus is now on suitable and readily available alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters. Alternatives such as probiotic, prebiotic, synbiotic, enzymes and acidifiers are being utilized while Phyto biotics (plant extracts) are also considered as viable alternatives. In this study, leaf extracts of Azadirachta indica (neem) and Vernonia amygdylina (bitter leaf) were administered through drinking water, while enzyme (Roxazyme G2 G ®) was supplemented in the feed of different groups of broiler birds which were randomly allocated to three treatments and a control in triplicates of ten birds per replicate. The control group did not receive either plant extract in water or enzyme in their diet. On day 42, the chickens were slaughtered; the digesta was gently collected from the ileum and caecum for microbial analysis, while histological analysis was carried on the empty ileum for the determination of villus height. Data collected for microbial analysis was log transformed before statistical analysis and was stated as Log colony forming unit/g of digesta sample (Log cfu/g). The highest villus height was recorded for enzyme treatment (0.955mm) followed by bitter leaf (0.717mm), and least for neem leaf (0.592 mm) with 0.656 mm for the control. Enzyme supplementation, bitter leaf and neem leaf extract administration had no significant effect (p>0.05) on villus height. However,villus height recorded for enzyme supplementation and administration of bitter leaf extract was numerically higher than the control group. The population of total heterotrophic bacteria (THB) in the ileum was significantly higher (p<0.05) in the control group (9.28 Log cfu/g) than enzyme supplementation (8.52 Log cfu/g) and administration of leaf extract. The least value was recorded was recorded with bitter leaf (7.94 Log cfu/g). A value of 8.14 Log cfu/g was recorded with neem extract in drinking water. Total coliform was significantly higher (p<0.05) in the control (7.33 Log cfu/g) than in enzyme (6.00 Log cfu/g), neem leaf (4.74 Log cfu/g) and bitter leaf (4.84 Log cfu/g) treatments. The population of enteropathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli and Salmonella) was also significantly reduced (p< 0.05) by enzyme supplementation and administration of neem leaf and bitter leaf extracts in the ileum. The THB and total coliform counts (Log cfu/g) was significantly (p<0.05) reduced by enzyme supplementation, neem leaf and bitter leaf extract in the caecum also. In conclusion, the results of the current study showed that the leaf extracts and enzyme supplementation significantly decreased the number of enteropathogenic bacteria in the ileum and caecum. Although there was no significant impact on villi height, but numerical difference in villi height were recorded.
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Smith, Albert E. "The Potential Allelopathic Characteristics of Bitter Sneezeweed (Helenium amarum)." Weed Science 37, no. 5 (1989): 665–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s004317450007260x.
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Research was conducted to determine the potential for allelopathy to occur in pastures infested with bitter sneezeweed. Aqueous extracts of bitter sneezeweed leaves reduced alfalfa and Italian ryegrass seedling growth as much as 50% at concentrations of 0.5% (w/v). Leaf extracts were more phytotoxic than either stem or root extracts and seedling growth was reduced more than seed germination. Bitter sneezeweed tissue mixed in potting soil at concentrations as low as 0.3% w/w reduced alfalfa seedling numbers by 43%, plant height by 26%, and foliage dry matter production by 54% compared to plants cultured in soil without bitter sneezeweed leaf tissue. The potential concentration of bitter sneezeweed leaf material in soil in the pasture ecosystem was determined to be 0.5% w/v in the liquid phase and 0.2% w/w in the solid phase. Alfalfa seedling growth was reduced by 70% when germinating seed were placed under a bell jar with a potted mature bitter sneezeweed plant compared to control seedlings. A potential exists for bitter sneezeweed interference with developing alfalfa and Italian ryegrass seedlings following fall interseeding into pastures infested with bitter sneezeweed.
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Djordjevic, Tijana, Umiljendic Gajic, Marija Saric-Krsmanovic, et al. "Antioxidant activity of Juglans regia L. And Rumex obtusifolius L. leaf extracts and screening for their allelopathic potential." Pesticidi i fitomedicina 37, no. 1 (2022): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pif2201009d.
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Secondary plant metabolites with allelopathic activity or phytotoxicity could be biotechnologically important, serving as a source of allelochemicals, and thus contributing to the agro-industrial sector. The objective of this study was to use the obtained common walnut (Juglans regia L.) and bitter dock (Rumex obtusifolius L.) leaves extracts rich in phenolic compounds, i.e. with high antioxidant potential, and to identify their phytotoxicity to Setaria glauca (L.) P. Beauv. and Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. weed seedlings grown in vitro. The obtained plant extracts had remarkably high affinity for scavenging free radicals, having DPPH IC50 values of 0.127 mg/ml for common walnut leaf extract and 0.194 mg/ml for bitter dock leaf extract. Ferric reducing antioxidant power of the extracts was also high, FRAP value of the common walnut leaf extract was 384.4 ?} 8.1 ?mol Fe2+/g dry mass, and of the bitter dock leaf extract 321.6 ?} 2.5 ?mol Fe2+/g dry mass. At the highest used concentration, common walnut leaf extract reduced germination of S. glauca by 67.3%, while bitter dock leaf extract reduced germination of that weed by 54.5%. Shoot length of S. glauca was inhibited 80.7% when subjected to common walnut leaf extract, and 78.2% under the influence of bitter dock leaf extract, and its root length was inhibited 96.4% and 93.1% respectively. Germination of S. halepense was inhibited 100% under the influence of the obtained common walnut leaf extract at its highest test concentration, and 79.2% when subjected to bitter dock leaf extract at the same concentration. Shoot length of this weed was reduced 100% after treatment with common walnut leaf extract, and 93.7% when subjected to bitter dock leaf extract. Root length was reduced 100% and 99.3%, respectively. Overall, the extracts demonstrated pronounced antioxidant activity and remarkable allelopathic potential.
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Betty, Betty, Sandra Arifin Aziz, and Ketty Suketi. "The Effects of Different Rates of Chicken Manure and Harvest Intervals on the Bioactive Compounds of Bitter Leaf (Vernonia amygdalina Del.)." Journal of Tropical Crop Science 8, no. 02 (2021): 80–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jtcs.8.02.80-88.
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Bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina Del.) is a valuable functional vegetable and traditional medicinal plant in many tropical countries including Indonesia. Bitter leaf is commonly used to remedy hypertension and diabetes among Indonesian people. The leaf extract comprises bioactive compounds such as sesquiterpene lactones, steroid glycosides, and flavonoids. Despite its growing market demand, there is insufficient data on agronomic practice in order to obtain optimum yield with high bioactive compounds. The experimental design used was a randomized complete block design with two factors namely chicken manure rates (0, 2.5, 5, and 7.5 kg per plant) and harvest intervals (2 and 3 months). There was a significant difference in fresh and dry weights of leaves, chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids, nitrogen concentration, anthocyanins, and flavonoids among different manure treatment. The highest concentration and production of bioactive compounds on the bitter leaf was found on the highest treatment of 7.5 kg chicken manure per plant. The harvest interval of three months significantly increased fresh and dry weights of leaves, concentration of anthocyanins, phosphorus, and potassium, uptake of phosphorus and potassium, and production of anthocyanins and flavonoids. Cultivation using chicken manure with frequent period of pruning can enhance the production of biomass as well as secondary metabolites in bitter leaf.
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Ekpenyong, Nsikak Edet, Ubong Williams Robert, Sylvester Andrew Ekong, Inyang Anietie Akpabio, Okechukwu Ebuka Agbasi, and Joseph Onyeka Emegha. "Comparative Study of Dissipation Factor of Young and Mature Bitter Leaf (Vernonia Amygdalina) based on Location." BULETINUL INSTITUTULUI POLITEHNIC DIN IAȘI. Secția Matematica. Mecanică Teoretică. Fizică 70, no. 3-4 (2024): 7–17. https://doi.org/10.2478/bipmf-2024-0006.
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Abstract The use of Schering Bridge arrangement in combination with function generator and oscilloscope allows for precise measurement of heat dissipation in plant materials. This study aims to determine and compare the heat dissipation properties of young bitter leaf (YBL) and mature bitter leaf (MBL) samples obtained from two different locations. Measurements were conducted on ten fresh leaf samples per category from each location. Results indicated that for samples from the first location, the dissipation factors for YBL and MBL were (2.076 ± 0.010) and (3.231 ± 0.013) respectively, while from the second location, the values were (3.231 ± 0.013) and (3.233 ± 0.015) respectively. The data suggest that while the geographical location does not significantly influence the heat dissipation of bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina), the age of the leaves does, with YBL exhibiting a higher capacity to withstand elevated temperatures compared to MBL under identical storage conditions. This study provides insight into the thermal properties of bitter leaf, contributing to broader research on plant thermoregulation. The novelty of this work lies in its demonstration that leaf age, rather than location, is a determinant factor in heat dissipation.
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OYESOLA, Olusoji Adebusoye, Emmanuel Taiwo GEORGE, Janet Olufunmilayo OKE, Samson Ayodeji ODUKOYA, and Oluwatosin Omobola SOYINKA. "Toxicity of the Concurrent Administration of the Ethanol Leaf Extract of African Eggplant and Bitter Leaf on the Stomach and Selected Haematological Ratios in Adult Male Wistar Rats." J Med & Bas Sci Res 4, no. 1-2 (2023): 15–24. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7644599.
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ABSTRACT <strong>Background</strong>: African eggplant and bitter leaf plant are important plants in many African communities; they are eaten as vegetable and also used in the management of metabolic disorders. This study investigated the sub-acute effect of oral administration of ethanol extract of African eggplant and bitter leaf plant on selected haematological ratios; platelets to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), the histology and antioxidant enzymes activity Catalase (CAT), Malodialdehyde (MDA), reduced Glutathione (GSH) and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the stomach of male Wistar rats. <strong>Methodology</strong>: The rats were grouped into four; control [A] which received no treatment and 3 test groups; B [100 mg/kg of African eggplant], C [100 mg/kg of bitter leaf], and D [100 mg/kg of bitter leaf and 100 mg/kg of African eggplant] respectively, orally administered for 14 days. <strong>Results</strong>: Results revealed that group D rats showed significant changes in the level of SOD, GSH and MDA activities alongside significant changes in some antioxidant enzymes levels of the stomach of groups B and C rats. The histopathology review of the stomach across all test groups showed some pathological changes. Across all test group there was an increase in PL- ratio and NL- ratio when compared to the control. <strong>Conclusion</strong>: Extrapolating from the results of this study, the 1000 mg/kg ethanol leaf extract of African eggplant and bitter leaf concurrently is toxic to the stomach and may also cause inflammation and should be consumed with caution.
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Namnso, C. Udoaka, I. Uwah Emmanuel, and A. Essiett Uduak. "Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals Contamination in Bitter Leaf Grown in an Oil Exploration Area." Chemistry Research Journal 6, no. 5 (2021): 12–23. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11759973.
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<strong>Abstract </strong>Concentrations of some heavy metals (Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Cr, Ni, Pb and Cd) in bitter leaf (<em>Vernonia amygdalina)</em> grown in an oil exploration area of Ibeno, AkwaIbom State, Nigeria, were assayed using standard procedures. Human health risks associated with the consumption of the metals in the plant were equally assessed using risks assessment models. Roots and leaves samples of bitter leaf were collected from three locations prone to intensive oil exploration activities. Control samples were equally collected from Mbiabam Ibiono, with no oil exploration activities. Results revealed that the concentrations of the metals in the roots ranged from < 0.001 mg/kg Cd to 450.48 ± 3.08 mg/kg Fe while those in the leaves ranged from < 0.001mg/kg Cd to 1650.36 ± 5.46 mg/kg Fe. The concentrations of the metals in the controls were generally low. These could be attributed to the absence of oil exploration in the control area. Ingestion pathway assessed to ascertain the risks associated with the consumption of the metals in the plant, gave hazard quotient and hazard index each less than unity (1) for every metal investigated. So, it could be argued that consuming the plant either as medicine or as food may not contribute to non-carcinogenic or carcinogenic risk in humans as the levels of contamination may not cause toxicity in the humans. Since the bitter leaf plants were actually contaminated with the investigated heavy metals, constant monitoring of the heavy metals in bitter leaf grown and consumed in Ibeno is recommended.
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Channa, Musib-U.-Rahman, Farhan Ali Wagan, Tanveer Fatima Miano, and Maqsood Ali Wagan. "COMPARISON OF BITTER GOURD (Momordica Charantia L.) VARIETIES UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF SALT STRESS." Tropical Agroecosystems 4, no. 1 (2023): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/taec.01.2023.11.14.
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The experiment was performed during 2022 to compare Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) varieties under the influence of salt stress. And three-replicated Completely Randomized Design (CRD) design was used for its layout (factorial). The bitter gourd that was grown in canal water (the control) ended up coming in first place. It had a germination rate of 73.68%, a germination index of 1.83%, a vine length of 14.64 cm, a leaves of 5.06 plant, a root length of 13.02 cm, a root biomass of 1.33 g,. The bitter gourd was provided with 2 dSm1 and it finished in second place. It had a germination rate of 63.64%, a germination index of 1.67, a vine length of 14.08 cm, a leaf yield of 4.94 leaves plant, a root length of 12.51 cm, a root biomass of 1.23 g, %. The bitter gourd came in third place after receiving 4 dSm1 and achieving the following results: a germination rate of 39.33%, a germination index of 1.33, a vine length of 12.75 cm, a leaf yield of 4.84 leaves plant, a root length of 10.35 cm, and 1.11 g from its roots, This The plants that were given 6 dSm1 had a germination rate of 37.23 %, a germination index of 1.21, a vine length of 8.63 cm 4.32 leaves per plant, a root length of 9.19 cm, 0.88 g of root biomass, from their leaves, which placed them in fourth place. In a manner analogous, the Bitter gourd 8 dSm1 had a germination rate of 31.93%, a germination index of 0.92, a vine length of 6.15 cm, a leaf yield of 4.10 leaves plant, a root length of 8.06 cm, a root biomass of 0.57 g, . All of these measurements were taken in the Kiran variety performed the best out of those that were examined. It had a germination rate of 56.52 %, an index of 4.42, a vine length of 11.33 cm, a leaf yield of 4.67 per plant, a root length of 10.63 cm, a root biomass of 1.54 g,. Additionally Peshawar, the variety that came in second place, had a germination rate of 41.8 %, a germination index of 4.02, a vine length of 11.17 cm, a leaf yield of 4.63 leaves per plant, a root length of 10.62 cm, , a root biomass of 0.51 g, These are the statistics that were used to According to the findings of this experiment; bitter gourds that were subjected to treatment with canal water (the control) exhibited the greatest rates of the germination and vegetative growth and developments, followed by bitter gourds that were subjected to treatment with either 2 or 4 dSm¹.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bitter leaf plant"
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Gonzalez, Eugenia. "Characterization of isolates of Glomerella cingulata causal agent of Glomerella leaf spot and bitter rot of apples based on morphology and genetic, molecular, and pathogenicity tests." NCSU, 2003. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-10302003-213733/.
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Isolates of Glomerella cingulata, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and C. acutatum, obtained from symptomatic fruit and leaves collected from apple orchards in the US and Brazil, were characterized based on morphological and cultural characteristics, vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs), mtDNA RFLP haplotypes, and the sequence analysis of a 200 bp intron of the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GDPH) gene. The isolates were also tested for pathogenicity on leaves and fruit. The population structure of the species associated with bitter rot of apples in two orchards of cv. Granny Smith was also studied. Multiple VCGs and mtDNA RFLP haplotypes were found within each of the species tested. Phylogenetic trees constructed based on Neighboring-Joining and Maximum Parsimony methods, using the intron sequence, produced similar topologies. Each species was separated into distinct groups. All isolates tested were pathogenic on fruit. Only isolates with haplotypes G1, G1.1, G3, and G4 and VCGs 1, 4, and 5 were capable of causing Glomerella leaf spot (GLS). G. cingulata was the predominant species associated with bitter rot in the two orchards of cv. Granny Smith. Vegetative compatibility was a better indicator than molecular characterization for distinguishing isolates of G. cingulata pathogenic on both leaves and fruit from the ones pathogenic only on fruit. Isolates of G. cingulata from the US and Brazil which cause GLS were included in different haplotypes and phylogenetic groups. Therefore, our results suggest that isolates of G. cingulata from the US capable of causing both GLS and bitter rot arose independently of Brazilian isolates of G. cingulata, and may have arisen from isolates of G. cingulata from the US that originally were capable of causing bitter rot only. Slower growth, lower optimum growth temperature, and less sensitivity to benomyl distinguished isolates of C. acutatum from isolates of G. cingulata and C. gloeosporioides.
Book chapters on the topic "Bitter leaf plant"
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Sastry, K. Subramanya, Bikash Mandal, John Hammond, S. W. Scott, and R. W. Briddon. "Vernonia amygdalina (Bitter leaf)." In Encyclopedia of Plant Viruses and Viroids. Springer India, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-3912-3_1033.
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"Plants’ Defense Against Insects." In The Chemistry of Plants and Insects: Plants, Bugs, and Molecules. The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/bk9781782624486-00054.
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Plants have evolved a wealth of highly diverse chemical compounds in response to insect attacks. This chapter addresses the major groups of chemical plant defenses. Many unrelated plants produce viscous secretions, known as resins or gums, in response to wounding or insect attacks. Volatile monoterpenes with strong odors in leaves deter insects. In response to injury, plants can synthesize defensive volatiles de novo, like green-leaf volatiles related to hexanol and increased amounts of mono- and sesquiterpenes. Many examples of multipartite relationships link a plant, its herbivores, and the herbivores’ natural enemies. Cyanogenic glycosides are widespread defensive plant compounds that generate hydrogen cyanide when leaves or other plant parts are damaged. Structures of common cyanoglycosides and mechanisms of their reactions in plants are shown. Glucosinolates, also known as mustard oils, are sulfur- and nitrogen-containing plant compounds found mainly in plants of the cabbage family (Brassicaceae). Numerous insects have learned to tolerate and to adapt to glucosinolates. Diverse defensive compounds, that to humans have a distinct bitter taste, deter insect herbivores. Some of them, like neem, have been used as insect repellents since ancient times. Chemical structures of bitter-tasting plant compounds are introduced, like azadirachtin from neem, tannins, and the alkaloid quinine. Plant toxins, including the major family of alkaloids, harm or kill invading insects. The occurrence and typical structures of alkaloids are introduced. Characteristic ring structures in alkaloids are commonly used to classify these plant defenses. Plant latex occurs in about 10% of all angiosperms. The structures of characteristic latex components are introduced, like rubber, bitter compounds like lactucin and the alkaloid morphine, and the cardenolide calotropin from milkweeds.
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Kukreti, Aditya, and Namburi Karunakar Reddy. "Safeguarding Citrus: Exploring State-of-the-art Management Strategies for Bacterial Citrus Diseases." In Challenges in Plant Disease Detection and Recent Advancements [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1004879.
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Bacterial diseases pose significant risks to the citrus industry, causing major economic losses and threatening global production. The most severe threats include citrus canker (Xanthomonas citri) which leads to visible lesions on leaves, fruit, and stems and Huanglongbing (HLB) (Candidatus Liberibacter spp.) which results in mottled leaves, stunted growth, and deformed, bitter fruit. Beyond these major diseases, citrus blast and citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC) are emerging concerns. Citrus blast, caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. citri, results in leaf lesions, cankers, and defoliation, managing it involves copper-based bactericides, removing infected branches, and cultural practices to reduce spread. CVC, caused by Xylella fastidiosa, is a vascular disease leading to chlorosis, leaf scorch, and dieback. Management strategies for CVC include controlling insect vectors with insecticides and developing resistant citrus varieties. Integrated disease management is crucial, focusing on sustainable approaches that combine cultural practices, biological control agents, and resistant varieties. Advances in technology, such as molecular diagnostics, remote sensing, and precision agriculture, are improving early detection and monitoring. Public awareness and education are keys to encouraging growers to adopt best practices. Collaboration among researchers, growers, and policymakers remains essential to tackle the complex challenges of bacterial citrus diseases and ensure the citrus industry’s sustainability.
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Mia Mukul, Mohammad. "Nutraceutical Diversity of Eco-Friendly Jute and Allied Fibre (JAF) Crops in Bangladesh." In Population Genetics [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.102664.
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The animal meats contain harmful fat and cholesterol contents but plants are the important sources of secondary metabolites that play important role against diseases, and showed less side effects. Jute, Kenaf and Mesta are self-pollinated annual herbaceous plants used to produce fibre contents. These plants are also used for nutritional purposes. Jute leaves contain vitamins, minerals, energies, macromolecules, phytochemicals, micronutrients, amino acids, anti-oxidants essential to promote human health. Only two species of jute (C. capsularis and C. olitorius) are commercially cultivated for fibre content. Olitorius leaves are sweet but capsularis leaves are bitter in taste. The young twigs and leaves of olitroius jute are used as delicious vegetable, and some capsularis cultivars released in Bangladesh can be used as leafy vegetables at young stage. C. olitorius is known as Molokhia and used as green leafy vegetable (GLV) in African and Eastern countries as a viscous soup. Hibiscus (Kenaf and Mesta) plants have antioxidants, anticancer, antibacterial and anti-cholesterol qualities. These plants produce multi-coloured lovely flowers used to grace our environment. Kenaf (H. Cannabinus) seeds contain essential amino acids and used as feed meals for the birds in different countries. Mesta or Roselle (H. sabdariffa) leaves and calyces have both vegetable and medicinal values.
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Praful Shingade, Snehal, and Rajendra Baliram Kakde. "PHYTOCHEMICAL, ETHANOBOTANICAL USES AND PHARMACOLOGICAL VALUES OF BARLERIA CRISTATA LINN." In Futuristic Trends in Chemical Material Sciences & Nano Technology Volume 3 Book 4. Iterative International Publishers, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v3becs4p2ch5.
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Herbs have traditionally been use the main kind of medication. Medicinal plants have therapeutic properties because they contain a variety of complex chemicals with varying chemical compositions.Globally, the study of medicinalherbs has recently generated significant interest.The promising potential of medicinal herbs are extensively employed in many conventional, complementary, and alternative modalities for the treatment of human illnesses has been established by a substantial body of proof.Drugs derived from plants generally have lower adverse effects, are easier to obtain, and are well tolerated.The ability of medicinal plants to treat disease is caused by a number of phytoconstituents. Therefore, the initial screening tests are helpful in identifying bioactive principles and may facilitate the identification and creation of novel medications.One of the larger and most well-known genera of herbs and shrubs in the Acanthaceae family is Barleria.Fast-growing ornamental shrub Barleria cristata, a member of the Acanthaceae family, is frequently grown in gardening for its colorful flowers.Barleria cristata also known as Philippine violets is native to Southeast Asia and India, has a large presence in Central and South India. It is known as Kala Bansa and is an herbal remedy. It blooms as a shrub 60-100 cmtall. Leaf surfaces are darkest green in colour on the top and pastel greeninsh colour on the bottom. They are elliptic to narrowly ovate. The funnel-shaped, pink or violet flowers are around 5 cm long. The fruits are ellipsoid capsules that are roughly 1.5 cm tall. The phytochemical tests demonstrate the occurrence of steroid hormones, glycosides, alkaloids, tannins, phenolic chemicals, flavonoids, carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids. The plants contain highest amount of ascorbic acid than vitamins. The results of TLC analysis of methanolic extract point to the presence of a high level of phytoconstituents. This plant's leaf extract was analysed using GCMS. This study identified the 15 chemicals. The plant has been used ethnopharmacologically for illnesses such as tuberculosis, hepatic obstruction, diabetes, fever, snake bite, anaemia, toothache, and lungs ailments. The plant's antioxidant, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-diabetic, and anti-fungal, anticancer, antiherlipidemic, and thrombolytic properties were also studied. The objective of the aforementioned review was to provide a scholarly overview of Barleria Cristata, focusing on its ethnobotanical features, geographical range, medicinal uses, phytochemical composition, and pharmacological properties, as well as conducting a critical analysis of research gaps and identifying future research prospects pertaining to this plant species. This information may be useful for future studies aimed at enhancing human health care.
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Ehrenfeld, David. "Social Evolution versus Sudden Change." In Swimming Lessons. Oxford University Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195148527.003.0017.
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In an address to the Pontifical Academy of Sciences, meeting at the Vatican on October 22, 1996, Pope John Paul II accepted the theory of evolution, thus bringing to an official end, for the Catholic Church, the most bitter and most persistent of all debates between science and religion. “New knowledge,” John Paul said, “has lead to the recognition of the theory of evolution as more than a hypothesis.” He qualified his statement somewhat by pointing out that there are many readings of evolution, “materialist, reductionist, and [his preference] spiritualist interpretations.” Still, we must not quibble; the Pope has endorsed slow evolutionary change, Darwinian evolution, as the likely way that nature modifies all living creatures, including all human beings. Fashioning us in the image of God, the Pope appears to believe, took a very, very long time. The dust has not yet settled on the great evolution war, nor will it settle soon. A few intelligent scientists are still not convinced that evolutionary theory explains the species richness of our planet and the amazing adaptations, such as eyes, wings, and social behavior, of its in-habitants. There also remain powerful religious orthodoxies that show no sign of giving up the fight for creationist theology. A second war about evolution is now being waged, an invisible, un-publicized struggle between a different set of protagonists; it is a war whose outcome will affect our lives and civilization more directly than the original controversy ever did. The new protagonists are not science and traditional religion; instead, they are the corporate apostles of the religion of progress versus those surviving groups and individuals committed to slow social evolution as a way of life. To understand this other struggle, it is necessary to look at evolution in a broad context that transcends biology. Not just a way of explaining how the camel got her hump or how the elephant got his trunk, the idea of evolution can also be applied to the writing of a play that “evolves” in the mind of the playwright or the “evolution” of treaties, banking systems, and anything else that changes over time in a non random direction.
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Mahajon, Bidhan, Rupashri Nath, Raja Chakraborty, et al. "Evidence-Based Potential Leads for Antimalarial Drug Development: An Insight into Classical Ayurveda Treatment." In Practice and Re-Emergence of Herbal Medicine. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815080414123010007.
Full textAbstract:
Ayurveda is not merely a branch of medicine; this is a 'knowledge system' that deals with the unremitting association between the living and its contiguous environment to maintain the state of equilibrium and health of human beings as well as the environment. Historical records suggest Malaria has infected humans since the early commencement of mankind. Human Malaria is caused by single-cell protozoan parasites present in the Plasmodium genus, which is transmitted through the bite of female mosquitoes, Anopheles. The World malaria report (WMR) 2019 estimates that globally, there were estimated 228 million cases of Malaria in 89 countries. According to the WMR 2019, India represents 3% of the global malaria burden. In Ayurveda, Malaria is well thought-out under the portrayal of Vishama Jvara (irregular), which means 'irregular' in every aspect, including- its origin, symptoms, and periodicity. This is generally involved in the rasa dhatu (nourishment tissues), and irregularly attacks the body to manifest the symptoms. Hence, even if the fever subsides, the patient feels fatigued, heavy and exhausted. These signs and symptoms of Vishama Jvara are classically reverberating with conventional malarial fever, wherein the fever subsides and reappears at fixed intervals. This feature of the fever is described in Ayurveda as Muktaanubandhitvam (reappearing at regular intervals). To date, no effective vaccines are commercially available to prevent this endemic crisis. Research-based traditional knowledge system has significantly contributed by yielding two potent antimalarial drugs: alkaloid quinine derived from the bark of Trinayanani (Cinchona tree) and artemisinin derived from the plant Damanaka (Artemisia annua L.). In the midst of increasing problems of drug resistance along with difficulties in affording and accessing effective antimalarial drugs in underprivileged areas, therefore traditional medicines like Ayurveda have become an important and sustainable source of treatment of Malaria. The present review focused on evidence-based potential leads in Ayurveda for the treatment as well as drug development for Malaria. The information from different classical texts along with research papers, including books, journals and documents of different universities and institutes, has been collected and analyzed for the evidence-based lead on different single and multidrug plant-based formulations used for Malaria.
Conference papers on the topic "Bitter leaf plant"
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Senavirathne, H. M. R. Y., Nupun Gunasekara, S. V. G. N. Priyadarshani, and H. W. Gammanpila. "The Impact of Bittern and Gliricidia on the Growth of Chili Plants in Sri Lanka." In SLIIT INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCEMENTS IN SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES. Faculty of Humanities & Sciences, SLIIT, 2024. https://doi.org/10.54389/pjbg2504.
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Due to its unique spiciness, Capsicum annuum, Chili is an economically valuable crop in high demand in global and local markets. It belongs to the Solanaceae family. This study investigated the effect of Bittern and Gliricidia sepium, Gliricidia plant leaf extract pulp as a complete organic multi -nutrient low-cost fertilizer. Vermi wash and Albert’s Solution were used as inorganic and organic treatments to analyze the effect on Chili plant growth and development. This experiment observed suitable fertilizer treatment for the bittern solution to complete nitrogen deficiency and generate complete organic fertilizer. This study employed a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 13 Treatment groups and 1 controlled group. Treatments were carried out for 10 weeks. Chili plant growth was analyzed using data for vegetative growth parameters, height, stem width, leaf count, and leaf area. Bittern 25% complex with Gliricidia sepium leaf extract pulp treated plants were the firstinitiating branching, second tallest plants (25.5 cm) with secondary branching was observed. Bitt ern 25%, Gliricidia sepium leaf extract pulp with Albert’s solution also signifi cantly showed the highest results on growth, tallest plants (28.5cm), the highest number of leaves, Branching & secondary branching. Analyzing results identified suitable bittern concentration with organic complex for optimal plant growth. Pot plant treatments should increase with growth stages to prevent nutrient deficiencies and optimize growth and development. Statistical analysis used One-way ANOVA and Microsoft Excel. Keywords: Capsicum annuum; Organic fertilizer; Bit- tern; Gliricidia sepium; Vegetative growth parameters
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Farina, Cathy. "A Different Way to Execute Project Using a Product-Based Approach." In ASME 2021 Onshore Petroleum Technology Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/optc2021-66752.
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Abstract The application of mega complex projects in the heavy industrial sector have been growing globally for the last ten years. Given there is growth of mega complex projects, the failure rate of these types of projects has also increased. According the EY (who have analyzed 500 completed mega projects from the previous five years): “Of the projects analyzed, 60% experienced schedule delays, and 38% had cost overruns.” Based on research performed by McKinsey & Company, the construction industry needs to change to become more productive and as the industry changes it will look very different five to ten years from now. These changes will only be accelerated by the current COVID-19 pandemic. One solution is the application of smaller standard modular plants or trains that can be designed and constructed quicker and more efficiently. A product-based approach will lead to more of a manufacturing style approach to not only improve productivity but to reduce overall lifecycle costs and schedules and improve overall quality and safety. Further, in times of economic uncertainty, it will reduce the business risk for the project as the business can break the project down into “bite-sized pieces”. Companies will need to be innovative in order to be competitive and have a positive return on investment on their future programs and projects. In the current and future economic environment, an innovative way to execute projects is to utilize a product-based approach. This paper will focus on how to develop a standard modular plant using a product-based approach and provide a case study from a small-scale LNG plant.