Relevant bibliographies by topics / Bitumen

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Bitumen'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Bitumen"

1

Zeng, Guodong, Jianjing Zhang, Hongming Huang, Xin Xiao, and Chuanqi Yan. "A Comparative Study for Creep and Recovery Behavior Characterization of Modified Bitumens Using the MSCR Test." Coatings 13, no. 8 (August 16, 2023): 1445. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings13081445.

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In recent decades, the application of modified bitumens has experienced tremendous growth. However, due to the varying modification mechanism of different modifiers, the creep and recovery properties of modified bitumen have not been comprehensively understood. This study aims to evaluate the creep and recovery properties of several representative modified bitumens using the multi-stress creep recovery (MSCR) test. The MSCR test can highlight the unique delayed elasticity of modified bitumen and it uses a high stress level, which is more comparable to the field. In particular, this test also aims to identify the effects of different aging conditions. To do so, a total of 15 bitumens, including 7 elastomeric-modified bitumens, 5 non-elastomeric-modified bitumens, and 3 plain bitumens, were prepared and examined. Furthermore, 10 different aging conditions were considered. The results suggest that the generation mechanism of elasticity varies for different modified bitumens. There are two types of elasticities, which are energy elasticity and entropy elasticity, and their differences need more attention in the road bitumen material community. Aging changes the percentages of contributions from energy elasticity and entropy elasticity to the bitumen’s overall recovery performance. The increase in “bad” energy elasticity may compensate for part of the “good” entropy elasticity loss, but overall, the bitumen’s recovery rate is decreasing and the ratio of energy elasticity is increasing, which might hinder the bitumen’s road performance.
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Li, Mingxia, Elham Fini, Xiaomin Jia, Baiyang Song, and Yanhong Wang. "Effect of Aging on Healing Capacity of Bituminous Composites Containing Polyphosphoric Acid." Materials 16, no. 9 (April 24, 2023): 3333. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16093333.

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This study examines how aging affects the healing capacity of bituminous composites containing polyphosphoric acid (PPA). PPA is commonly used in bituminous composites to enhance its elasticity, however, PPA effectiveness highly depends on other constituents on the matrix and the environmental (internal and external) factors. In terms of internal factors, the interplay between PPA and various bitumen modifiers have been extensively studied. Here, we study how external factors such as exposure to ultraviolet radiation affect PPA’s efficacy, measured in terms of change in bitumen’s healing index. The study results showed that the introduction of PPA to bituminous composites significantly increases the bitumen healing index, however, the change in the healing index becomes less pronounced as aging progresses. The presence of additives such as taconite were found to affect the effect of PPA on bitumen’s healing index. For instance, bitumens containing 30% taconite showed the highest increase in their healing index in the presence of PPA among studied scenarios. Overall, bitumen containing PPA had a higher healing index than those without PPA regardless of the extent of aging and dosage of modifiers. This, in turn, indicates that PPA is highly effective for enhancing bitumen healing. This can be attributed to the role of PPA in promoting intermolecular interactions within the bitumen matrix.
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Zieliński, K., and M. Babiak. "Studies Of Possible Use Of Oleic Imidazoline As Modifying Agent For Hard Bitumen." Archives of Civil Engineering 61, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 119–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ace-2015-0008.

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AbstractHard bitumens are used in the construction industry primarily in it’s unmodified form, for instance for the production of the so-called traditional roofing felt. Due to the low price of these types of membranes, the use of a popular but expensive modifying agent, SBS copolymer, is not justified economically. Research carried out by the authors has shown that chemical organic compounds belonging to a group of imidazolines may potentially be used as much cheaper bitumen modifier. It was demonstrated that a new type of modifier based on oleic imidazoline, developed by the authors, has a significant impact on improving the physical properties of bitumen. The use of this modifier results in a significant increase in the bitumen plasticity range, both before and after laboratory ageing. In addition, there was a considerable increase of bitumen’s resistance to aging. Its use can help improve the quality and durability of popular waterproofing products manufactured with the use of hard bitumen.
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Wesołowska, Magdalena, and Dawid Ryś. "Analysis of the fatigue life of neat and modified bitumens using linear amplitude sweep test." Roads and Bridges - Drogi i Mosty 17, no. 4 (December 31, 2018): 317–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.7409/rabdim.018.020.

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The paper presents an evaluation of the fatigue resistance of selected Polish bituminous binders: neat bitumen 50/70, polymer modified bitumen PMB 45/80-55 and polymer highly modified bitumen PMB 45/80-80. The linear amplitude sweep (LAS) test, which is a new bitumen performance grading test developed in the USA, and was used to assess the fatigue life of the bitumens. Highly modified bitumen 45/80-80 showed 10-20 times higher fatigue durability than neat bitumen 50/70 and modified bitumen PMB 45/80-55. The differences in fatigue durability between neat bitumen 50/70 and modified bitumen PMB 45/80-55 were much smaller, which means that the bitumens are characterized by similar fatigue reliability. Also the effect of different test temperatures on the fatigue life and mode of failure of the bitumen binders were examined. It has been shown that the quality of a bitumen can be more accurately assessed on the basis of results of the durability test carried out for several different temperatures than for one equivalent temperature.
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Zheng, Chuanfeng, Genze Li, Yazhi Xu, Danni Wang, and Dan Lv. "Analysis of the Effects of Ageing on the Cohesive Strength of Polymer-Modified Bitumen at Low Temperatures." Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering 13, no. 2 (June 25, 2018): 156–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.7250/bjrbe.2018-13.410.

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The decay law on the ageing process of the cohesive strength of styrene-butadiene-styrene(SBS)- and polyethylene(PE)-modified bitumens at low temperatures was investigated. The rotated-thin-film oven test was used to age the two types of polymer-modified bitumens. The cohesive strengths at different low-temperature conditions were tested quantitatively according to technology for testing the low-temperature cohesive strength of bitumen. The decay curve of bitumen low-temperature cohesive strengths was drawn, and the embrittlement time of bitumen at different ageing states was obtained according to the decay curve. Results showed that ageing time definitely influenced the attenuation degree of the low-temperature cohesive strength of the two types of polymer-modified bitumens and influenced the appearance of the low-temperature cohesive strength peak, i.e., the bitumen embrittlement time, which advanced after ageing. The lightweight components of polymer-modified bitumen were lost after ageing. The bitumen embrittlement time was advanced, and the sharp attenuation of the low-temperature cohesive strength of bitumen appeared. In the future, bitumen antiageing technology and lighter part pre-supplement technology should be studied in-depth.
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Zhurinov, M. Zh, and B. B. Teltayev. "BITUMENS AND POLYMER BITUMENS - NANODISPERSE SYSTEMS." Series of Geology and Technical Sciences 445, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 172–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2021.2518-170x.24.

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This work shows the data regarding the elemental and chemical group compositions of the road bitumens. The short characteristic has been shown for the components of the bitumens - the asphaltenes, the resins and the oils. The properties have been described for the bitumens on which they have the direct impact. The description is given for the micellar model of the bitumens from the point of view of the colloid chemistry. The analysis has been performed for the results of the study by other authors for the asphaltenes of a bitumen and an oil. The group chemical compositions are given for the bitumen of the grades BND 50/70, BND 70/100 and BND 100/130 produced by the plants of Kazakhstan. It has been shown that the content of the asphaltenes in them is from 15.8% to 24.3%; in most cases, the content of the asphaltenes is within the range of 20-25%, i.e. the asphaltenes nanoclusters are almost a fourth of the bitumen by weight. The brief description is given for the best known polymers used for the modification of the road bitumen: 1) the reactive polymers Elvaloy 4170 and Elvaloy AM; 2) the polymers of the group SBS - Kraton D 1192A, Calprene 501, SBS L 30-01 A, KUMHO KTR and Butonal NS 198. It is proposed to consider the bitumen and the polymer bitumen as the peculiar nanodisperse systems. The structures are described for the polymer bitumen nanodisperse systems occurring during the modification of the road bitumen with the polymers of the above two groups.
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Eskandarsefat, S., P. Caputo, C. Oliviero Rossi, R. Vaiana, and C. Sangiorgi. "Advanced Characterization of Bituminous Binders: Comparing Industrial and Paving-Grade Bituminous Binders." Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 23, no. 1 (March 25, 2021): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj1033.

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This paper deals with the fundamental differences between industrial and paving-grade bituminous binders. The paper is presented in two main sections: 1) a review of the materials’ colloidal structure and the required properties for the industrial and paving applications; 2) a wide range of experimental tests with which the bituminous binders were studied and compared. In this research, a 160/220 industrial bitumen was studied and compared to a paving-grade bitumen with the same penetration and with a lower penetration, 70/100 one. The research consisted of physical, chemical, thermal, microstructural, and rheological analysis to provide a comprehensive understanding of these bituminous binders of diverse applications. Overall, the comparison of the tests’ results indicated that while the asphaltene content and its characteristics have a great influence on the bitumen’s properties, it is not the only fundamental factor. During the study of the chemical structures via Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), it was found that the Peri phase (attributed to the resins) also plays an important role, defining the bitumen’s physical visco-elastic properties. In fact, from a microstructural point of view using AFM a significant difference was notified between the industrial bitumen and the paving-grade ones. These differences allow the paving-grade bitumens to be more elastic and ductile compared to the industrial bitumen.
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Geçkil, Tacettin. "Physical, Chemical, Microstructural and Rheological Properties of Reactive Terpolymer-Modified Bitumen." Materials 12, no. 6 (March 20, 2019): 921. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12060921.

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In this study, the change in the physical, chemical, microstructural, and rheological properties of a road bitumen modified with reactive terpolymer (Elvaloy®RET) was investigated. For this purpose, four different Elvaloy®RET percentages (0%, 0.4%, 0.8%, and 1.2% by wt.) were mixed with B 160/220 bitumen. Firstly, the obtained samples were subjected to a short and long-term aging process using a rotating thin-film oven test and pressurized aging vessel, respectively. Then, the engineering characteristics of the samples were investigated using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and conventional and Superpave bitumen tests. The results showed that Elvaloy®RET reacted with the main macromolecular groups in the bitumen, and that the modified bitumens behaved as a homogenous single phase structure as a result of this reaction. Conventional tests showed that Elvaloy®RET-modified bitumens were much harder than pure bitumen and had better aging resistance. Furthermore, the penetration classes of these bitumens changed and their temperature sensitivities decreased significantly. Rheological tests showed that the Elvaloy®RET additive increased the resistance of the bitumen against fatigue cracking and particularly permanent deformation. Moreover, the high temperature performance class of the bitumen also increased. However, parallel to the hardening of the bitumen, a reduction in its resistance to cracking at low temperature was observed.
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Rusbintardjo, Gatot. "Utilization of Buton Natural Rock Asphalt as Additive of Bitumen Binder in Hot Mix Asphalt Mixtures." Advanced Materials Research 723 (August 2013): 543–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.723.543.

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In Buton Island, an island located in South-East Sulawesi Island in Indonesia is found about 700 million tons natural rock asphalt (NRA) which have not been maximally utilized yet. Buton-NRA contains 20 to 30% of bitumen. This paper reported the first part of the research on utilizing of Buton-NRA as additive of bitumen binder in hot mix asphalt (HMA) mixtures. Amount of 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 50, and 65% of very fine of Buton-NRA was added into the bitumen, resulted Buton-NRA-Bitumens binder. Penetration and softening point test was conducted to get penetration index (PI) value, an index to determine the temperature susceptibility of the binder. The results show that the Buton-NRA-Bitumens binder has low temperature susceptibility. Use as binder in HMA mixtures also shown that the Buton-NRA-Bitumens binder can improve the performance of the mixtures. Marshall Stability and stiffness of the mixtures is higher compare to that of base bitumen binder, especially Buton-NRA-Bitumens binder with 50% of Buton-NRA, Marshall Stability reach 2374kg and stiffness 311kg.mm, while HMA mixtures with base bitumen (0% Buton-NRA) only has 1294kg of Marshall stability and 169kg/mm of stiffness.
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KAR, Siksha Swaroopa, Aravind Krishna SWAMY, Devesh TIWARI, and Pramod Kumar JAIN. "IMPACT OF RECYCLED ASPHALT PAVEMENT ON PROPERTIES OF FOAMED BITUMINOUS MIXTURES." Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering 13, no. 1 (March 27, 2018): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bjrbe.2018.383.

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In recent years, the use of foamed bitumen technology along with Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement is gaining popularity across the world. The mechanical response of foamed bitumen mixtures containing reclaimed asphalt pavement is significantly influenced by constituent material properties and aggregate gradation. This article presents results from a study where foamed bitumen mixtures conforming to Indian specifications were evaluated. For this purpose, foamed bitumen mixtures using a different percentage of reclaimed asphalt pavement and bitumens were prepared. Initially, the foaming characteristics of virgin bitumens were evaluated to optimize for optimum water content and foaming temperature. In the second stage, mixture design was conducted to optimize for foamed bitumen content in foamed bitumen mixtures containing a different percentage of reclaimed asphalt pavement. Finally, these foamed bitumen mixtures were evaluated for their mechanical properties. The results from this laboratory study indicated properties of foamed bitumen and foamed mixtures are significantly influenced by properties of bitumen, the quantity of bitumen, and reclaimed asphalt pavement. Among the different mixtures, a mixture containing 50% reclaimed asphalt pavement exhibited best results in resilient modulus and resistance to moisture damage tests. A mixture containing 80% reclaimed asphalt pavement also shows acceptable strength and resistance to water susceptibility. Thus, it is possible to design high-quality bituminous mixes using higher reclaimed asphalt pavement percentages, which meet the required volumetric and desired performance criteria.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bitumen"

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Themeli, Andrea. "Etude du potentiel d'emploi des bitumes naturels dans la production des liants bitumineux durs et des enrobés à module élevé." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAD020.

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Le but de ce travail est d’étudier le potentiel d’un bitume naturel (BN) extrait en Albanie pour la production des bitumes durs (BD) et des enrobés à module élevé (EME). Pour la production des BD, différentes techniques de raffinage du pétrole existent. Néanmoins, avec certains bruts pétroliers il est impossible de les fabriquer. De plus, les BD de raffinerie comportent souvent des défauts qui limitent leurs applications. Ces raisons, couplées à des questions d’approvisionnement, conduisent à chercher des méthodes de substitution. Dans ce contexte, il est intéressant d’utiliser des BN. Cette étude a montré que le BN d’Albanie donne des BD et des EME en conformité avec la Normalisation Européenne, résistants au vieillissement et performants aux basses températures. Un dosage adéquat permet de formuler des matériaux d’une dureté désirée en réponse des exigences techniques des applications routières visées tout en facilitant la gestion des stocks de bitumes dans les centrales d’enrobages
The aim of this thesis is to study the potential of a natural bitumen (NB) mined in Albania in the production of hard bitumens (HB) and that of high modulus asphalt concrete (HMAC). Various petroleum refining techniques are available for the production of HB. Nevertheless, this is impossible with some crude oils. In addition, HB from refineries often present shortcomings which limit their applications. These reasons, coupled with practical issues related to HB supply, motivate the research of alternative methods. In this industrial context it is interesting to use NB. This study has shown that the Albanian NB provides HB and HMAC in accordance with European Standards, resistant to aging and relatively performant at low temperatures. The proper dosage of this NB allows the formulation of materials of desired properties, in response to the technical requirements of the considered road applications, facilitating in this way the use of bitumen stocks in asphalt concrete production plants
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Osman, Sami A. "The role of bitumen and bitumen/filler mortar in bituminous mixture fatigue." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.420393.

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Harvey, Judith Angela Felicia. "Bitumen films in tension." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/251738.

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Ma, Juan. "Studies of Bitumen Aeration." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/72906.

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In the oil sand industry, bitumen is separated from sands by aerating the heavy oil so that it can float out of a flotation vessel, leaving the unaerated sands behind. A bubble-against-plate apparatus equipped with a high-speed camera has been developed to record the optical interference patterns of the wetting films formed on a flat surface and subsequently obtain the temporal and spatial profiles of the films offline using the Reynolds lubrication theory. The technique has been used to study the interaction mechanisms between air bubbles and bitumen. It has been found that the film thinning kinetics increases in the order of asphaltene, bitumen, and maltene, and that the kinetics increases sharply with increasing temperature. In addition to obtaining kinetic information, the temporal and spatial profiles of the wetting films have been used to derive appropriate hydrodynamic information that can be used to determine the disjoining pressures (∏) in the wetting films. The results obtained in the present work show that ∏ < 0 for maltene and bitumen, while ∏ > 0 for asphaltene at temperatures in the range of 22 to 80 °C. The disjoining pressure data have been analyzed by considering the contributions from the hydrophobic and steric forces in addition to the classical DLVO forces. It has been found that the hydrophobic force increases with increasing temperature, which corroborates well with contact angle data. Dynamic contact angle measurements show that air bubbles attach on bitumen with relatively small contact angles initially but increase sharply to >90° . The extent and the kinetics of contact angle change increase sharply with increasing temperature. These findings suggest that the primary role of temperature may be to increase iii bitumen hydrophobicity and hence hydrophobic force, which is the driving force for bubblebitumen interaction. A thermodynamic analysis carried out on the basis of the Frumkin-Derjaguin isotherm suggests that the disjoining pressure will remain positive (and hence no flotation) until the hydrophobic force becomes strong enough (due to temperature increase) to overcome the positive disjoining pressure created during the course of bitumen liberation.
Ph. D.
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Merce, Manuel. "Formulation de bitumes aux propriétés rhéologiques modulables." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0334.

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La construction des routes avec des techniques d'enrobage à chaud (T=160 °C) implique une consommation d'énergie fossile et des rejets de gaz à effet de serre importants. Une production plus écologique du bitume nécessite de diminuer les températures d'enrobage en conservant les propriétés mécaniques des enrobés ainsi obtenus. Le développement de techniques permettant de réduire les températures est donc un enjeu majeur de l'industrie routière. Dans ce travail, nous avons joué à la fois sur la composition et le procédé pour moduler les propriétés du bitume et atteindre l’objectif fixé.Nous avons décomposé le bitume en ses différentes fractions en utilisant des techniques de séparation asphaltènes/maltènes à l'aide d'un alcane (pentane et heptane). Nous avons formulé des bitumes à différentes proportions et natures d'asphaltènes en introduisant des protocoles de préparation originaux. A l’aide de techniques de caractérisation variées telles que la rhéologie, la diffusion des rayons X ou encore des techniques de microscopies et d'analyses thermiques, nous avons déterminéles rôles des différentes fractions du bitume. Nous avons ainsi montré l'impact important des asphaltènes, mais également des fractions que nous avons qualifiées « d'intermédiaires », sur les comportements rhéologiques. Enfin, nous avons élaboré des objets coeur-écorce, composés d’une écorce rigide, non collante, riche en asphaltènes et d’un coeur mou, riche en maltènes. Ces objets sont particulièrement intéressants pour le transport du bitume à température ambiante
The classic manufacture of hot mix asphalt for road construction is associated with a high consumption of fossil fuels and a high level of emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. A cleaner production of bitumen requires lowering the manufacturing temperature of these products without impoverishing their level of mechanical performances. The development of technologies that enable temperature reduction had thus become a major objective in the field of road engineering. In this work, we are playing on both composition and process in order to control the final properties of the material and propose an interesting way to reduce temperature during transportation. We have been interested in the different fractions composing the bitumen. We have there by employed a separation technique with alkane (heptane and pentane) to segregate the maltenes and asphaltenes. We could therefore realize diverse reconstituted bitumen using original protocols. Using various characterization techniques (such as rheology, X-ray scattering, optic, electronic and atomic force microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis...), we get insight into the effect of asphaltenes content and nature on bitumen properties. Our results show the huge impact of asphaltenes and other fractions called "intermediate fractions" on bitumen rheological properties. Finally, we propose an innovative processing of bitumen via the elaboration of core/shell objects composed of a rigid, nonsticky and asphaltenes-rich corona and a soft maltenes-rich core. These objects are very interesting for transporting bitumen at ambient temperature
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Haji, Abdul Karim Roslinah. "Foamed bitumen stabilised sandstone aggregates." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2015. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/29060/.

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Roads form a key element for the expansion of economy and development of a country. As with most countries, Brunei Darussalam has been facing a rapid development to meet the economic growth that requires an efficient road network. Therefore, the scarcity of conventional road aggregates in Brunei Darussalam means that the country has a strong dependence on imported aggregates from overseas to construct quality roads. Further restrictions on local road specifications make it almost impossible to include low quality granular materials. The study reported in this thesis was undertaken on the basis that the dependence on overseas resources is not a viable long- term solution. The research task has been, therefore, to ascertain the quality of local sandstones for road construction and then to propose means to upgrade their performance quality for optimum utilisation in cost effective applications. This study focused on the road base layer since that is where most aggregate is used. The approach used for this study was to identify the common rock in Brunei Darussalam and review the candidate treatment methods. A weighted matrix for these candidate treatment methods was constructed to determine the overall ranking with selected key criteria on the basis of the local climatic condition, construction preferences and traditions. From the reviews, Foamed bitumen was selected as a feasible treatment method that can improve the sandstone characteristics under local conditions. Three curing conditions were adopted in this study, simulating extreme field conditions in Brunei Darussalam, to characterise the mechanical properties of foamed bitumen stabilised sandstone mixtures, termed 'foam mix'. The following tests were conducted: • The response of stiffness modulus behaviour in the foam mix produced at different levels of mixing moisture content and cement content under dry and wet conditions was measured to study the mixing moisture content (MMC) in foam mix design. • A humid curing study was performed to indicate the short term stiffness of foam mixes in order to aid in the prediction of the delay necessary before a road comprising these foam mixes could be opened to traffic, and to determine how curing time and moisture content affect the development of stiffness modulus with and without cement. • A preliminary investigation was carried out into the potential of coir fibres as a reinforcement agent in the foam mix, measuring its effect on stiffness modulus, tensile strength and permanent deformation. • Being sensitive to moisture, the climatic durability of foam mix was further assessed by studying the effect of dry/wet cycles on the stiffness modulus incorporating other additives such as hydrated lime and pre-blended bitumen with wet fix. • Microscopic analysis has been undertaken as a guide to characterise the microstructure of the foam mix incorporating additives such as cement and coir fibres in order to support the laboratory findings. The laboratory results confirmed that the stiffness behaviour of the foam mix could be influenced by the amount of MMC, cement content and humidity of the environment. It was found that the foam mix with 1% cement (by mass of dried aggregates) at MMC, 70% of OMC, produced a durable mixture with a high stiffness modulus value in both dry and wet conditions as well as when subjected to the effect of alternate dry and wet cycles. The investigation on the potential of coir fibre to reinforce the foam mix indicated that the fibre did help to prevent large cracks in the foam mixes but unfortunately the reinforced foam mixes were easily damaged under a wet environment.
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Johansson, Lars S. "Bitumen ageing and hydrated lime /." Stockholm, 1998. http://www.lib.kth.se/abs98/joha0528.pdf.

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Deshpande, Ruta S. "Biodegradability of Diluted Bitumen (Dilbit)." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1470757897.

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Vassaux, Sabine. "Mouillabilité et miscibilité des bitumes : application au recyclage." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTS008/document.

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Le recyclage des matériaux routiers constitue une voie de développement durable qui présente des bénéfices en termes de consommation d’énergie et de ressources non renouvelables. Pour mieux prédire les propriétés finales de ces matériaux, la compréhension des phénomènes de mélange intervenant lors de la fabrication des enrobés à chaud et à tiède en centrale d’enrobage est indispensable. L’objectif de la thèse est donc de comprendre et d’identifier les facteurs influençant les phénomènes de mouillage, de remobilisation et de miscibilité des liants bitumineux. Pour cela, la démarche d’étude choisie consiste à étudier les interactions locales entre les constituants organiques et inorganiques du mélange selon une approche physico-chimique aux interfaces et interphases. Concernant le mouillage, des indicateurs ont été sélectionnés pour suivre son évolution à l’interface bitume/roche polie. L’influence du vieillissement du liant a aussi été prise en compte. La viscosité et le taux d’asphaltènes des bitumes ainsi que la composition de surface du substrat minéral influencent la qualité de mouillage. Les résultats ont montré que les évolutions étaient régies par un modèle applicable aux surfaces polies, poreuses et chimiquement hétérogènes. La remobilisation du liant vieilli (à température réduite) par le liant d’apport (chauffé à 160°C) a été étudiée à l’interface et à l’interphase sur des échantillons « bitume d’apport/bitume vieilli ». A l’interface, le temps d’étalement est influencé linéairement par la viscosité du liant vieilli. Concernant l’interphase, l’analyse des échantillons bitumineux a montré qu’une diminution de l’écart de températures entre les liants conduit à un meilleur mélange. Des méthodologies ont été développées pour suivre la migration du liant vieilli au moyen de techniques comme la micro fluorescence X, la microscopie infrarouge en mode ATR et en mode d’imagerie ATR. La microscopie infrarouge en mode d’imagerie ATR est particulièrement adaptée pour étudier la remobilisation du bitume vieilli à l’aide de la fonction carbonyle qui résulte de l’oxydation du bitume et traduit son état de vieillissement. Les résultats ont permis de déterminer les paramètres influents tels que la viscosité et la nature du liant vieilli ainsi que l’effet bénéfique d’un produit « régénérant » sur la remobilisation. L’effet d’une énergie d’agitation mécanique améliore également le mélange des liants. Concernant les résultats obtenus par micro fluorescence X, des éléments métalliques entrant dans la composition du bitume ont été choisis comme traceurs internes pour suivre la migration d’un liant. Des hypothèses ont été proposées pour expliquer les différences de migration des traceurs observées. Enfin, l’ensemble des méthodologies développées à l’échelle des liants a été appliqué à l’étude des produits routiers incorporant des granulats neufs et vieillis. Les résultats montrent une cohérence entre les tendances observées à l’échelle microscopique et macroscopique. Le procédé de fabrication à chaud favorise la remobilisation tandis que l’augmentation du taux d’agrégats d’enrobé le freine. L’augmentation du taux d’agrégats réduit également l’homogénéité du mélange bitumineux fabriqué qui a été évaluée au travers de la répartition spatiale de la fonction carbonyle, obtenue par un traitement statistique des cartographies chimiques par microscopie infrarouge
In the road industry, the main challenge is to produce warm-mix asphalt mixtures while incorporating high rates of reclaimed asphalt, which come from the deconstruction of old pavement. However, the combination of recycling and the reduction of mix manufacture temperatures (warm mixes) raises technical issues about performance and durability of final pavement materials. In order to better predict final properties of these recycled materials, it is also necessary to understand phenomena occurring during the manufacture of recycled asphalt mixtures in the plant. The objectives of the PhD thesis are to understand and identify factors impacting wetting, remobilization and miscibility phenomena existing between organic and inorganic constituents of the bituminous mixture happening during the manufacturing step. The selected experimental approach consists in studying materials interactions according to a physicochemical approach at interfaces and interphases.Concerning wetting mechanisms at the “bitumen/aggregate” interface, some indicators were selected to assess wetting evolutions on a polished mineral slide. The binder ageing influence has also been studied. The bitumen viscosity and asphaltene content influence the wetting quality as well as the surface composition of the mineral substrate. Results have shown that “bitumen/aggregate” wetting evolutions were governed by a model associated to polished, porous and chemically heterogeneous surfaces.Remobilization of the aged binder (at a lower temperature) by the virgin one (heated at 160°C) has been studied at the interface and at the interphase of “aged binder/virgin binder “samples. At the bituminous interface, the spreading time is linearly influenced by the aged binder viscosity. At the bituminous interphase, bituminous sample analysis has shown that a reduction in the binders temperature difference leads to a better blend. Methodologies have been developed to monitor the aged binder migration using techniques such as X-ray micro fluorescence, infrared microscopy in ATR mode and in imaging ATR mode. Infrared microscopy in imaging ATR mode is a suitable technique to monitor the aged binder migration coupled to the carbonyl function marker resulting from the bitumen oxidation and ageing. Results have identified influent parameters corresponding to the aged binder viscosity and chemical composition, as well as the beneficial effect of a rejuvenator on remobilization. The effect of mechanical agitation energy also improves the binders blend. Concerning X-ray micro fluorescence results, binders remobilization has been assessed by the migration of metals which are involved in the bitumen internal composition. Some hypotheses have been proposed to explain observed migration differences of studied markers.Finally, all customized binder-scale methodologies have been applied to the study of road products incorporating virgin aggregates and reclaimed asphalt pavement. Results have shown similarities between observed trends at the microscopic and macroscopic scales. The hot manufacturing process promotes remobilization while the increase in the reclaimed asphalt rate limits it. The increase in the reclaimed asphalt rate also reduces the asphalt mixture homogeneity degree which has been evaluated through the carbonyl function spatial distribution, obtained by a chemical mappings statistical treatment
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Cankaya, Burhan Fuat. "Foamed Eva-bitumen Blends And Composites." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12610215/index.pdf.

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The thermal conductivities of foamed polymer based materials are much lower thermal conductivity values than unfoamed polymeric materials. Especially, thermal conductivity values of foamed polymers with closed-cell structure decreases to 0.03 W/m.K. The reinforcement of foamed polymeric materials by mixing with bitumen lowers the raw material cost. The main objective of this study is to make a new thermal insulation material with low thermal conductance. In this study, the effects of concentration of calcium carbonate as inorganic filler and the effects of cross-linking on the properties foamed and unfoamed ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer based bituminous blends and composites were investigated. Applications such as thermal, mechanical characteristics of foamed and unfoamed EVA based bituminous composites were investigated. Foamed EVA based bituminous composites were prepared by using Brabender Plastic Coder, PLV 151. Mixing was made at 120 º
C at 60 rpm for 15 minutes. The prepared blends were molded by a technique called Hand Lay-up Self-expanding Batch Molding (HLUSEBM) which was firstly applied by our group. The molding temperature was 170 º
C at which chemical blowing agent and cross-linking agent decomposes. According to test results, at moderate chemical blowing agent and EVA content, the best closed-cell structure with high porosity and low thermal conductivity values were obtained. The compressive properties of foamed polymer based bituminous composites (FPBBCs) increase with increasing CBA and EVA content. With increasing calcium carbonate and EVA concentration, the porosity of FPBBCs increases but thermal conductivity of them decreases. On the other hand, with increasing filler content but with decreasing EVA concentration elastic modulus of FPBBCs increases but elastic recovery decreases.
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Books on the topic "Bitumen"

1

Wolff, Vining. Solvent slurries in bitumen production. [New York]: Knovel, 2011.

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Group, CONCAWE Petroleum Products, and CONCAWE Health Management Group, eds. Bitumen and bitumen derivatives. Brussels: CONCAWE, 1992.

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Wess, J. Asphalt (bitumen). Geneva: World Health Organization, 2004.

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Adedimila, Adedare Samuel. Bitumen: Nigeria's other black gold? [Lagos]: University of Lagos Press, 2000.

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Brion, Yvonnick. Etude des mélanges bitumes-polymères: Composition, structure, propriétés. Paris: Ministère de l'équipement, du logement, de l'aménagement du territoire et des transports, Laboratoire central des ponts et chaussées, 1986.

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Bitumen, Shell, ed. The Shell Bitumen industrial handbook. Chertsey: Shell Bitumen, 1995.

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Development, Nigeria Ministry of Mines and Steel. Tarsands & bitumen: Exploration opportunities in Nigeria. [Abuja, Nigeria]: Ministry of Mines and Steel Development, 2010.

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Kempster, John Andrew. Fundamental properties of bitumen/polymer systems. Salford: University of Salford, 1989.

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Muecke, Stephen. No road: Bitumen all the way. South Fremantle, W.A: Fremantle Arts Centre Press, 1997.

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McNally, Tony. Polymer modified bitumen: Properties and characterisation. Oxford: Woodhead Publishing Ltd, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "Bitumen"

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Javaux, Emmanuelle J. "Bitumen." In Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, 326. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44185-5_197.

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Javaux, Emmanuelle. "Bitumen." In Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, 212. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11274-4_197.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Bitumen." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 83. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_1347.

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Javaux, Emmanuelle J. "Bitumen." In Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, 1. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27833-4_197-4.

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Javaux, Emmanuelle J. "Bitumen." In Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, 418. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-65093-6_197.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Albino Bitumen." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 25. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_387.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Oxidized Bitumen." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 511. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_8321.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Blown Bitumen." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 87. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_1430.

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Jentsch, Christian. "Schmierstoffe und Bitumen." In Angewandte Chemie für Ingenieure, 286–302. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-95814-4_15.

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Vogel, Hans Ulrich. "Bitumen in China." In Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures, 891–93. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7747-7_8474.

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Conference papers on the topic "Bitumen"

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Komperød, Magnus, Bjørn Konradsen, and Roger Slora. "Viscoelastic Large Strain Model of Bitumen Used for Corrosion Protection in Subsea Cables and Umbilicals." In ASME 2015 34th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2015-41135.

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Bitumen is used as anticorrosion material to protect armor wires in subsea cables and umbilicals. Establishing bitumen’s viscoelastic properties is essential for developing analytical models of how bitumen influences the cable’s mechanical properties, in particular the bending stiffness. A new laboratory instrument has been developed for establishing the viscoelastic properties of bitumen subject to equally large strains as in real-life cables. This paper presents the basic principle of the new instrument and derives how to calculate bitumen’s viscoelastic properties from the measurements logged by the instrument. The paper also models bitumen’s viscoelastic properties as function of strain amplitude, strain frequency, and bitumen temperature, using multi-variable data analysis. These models show that the viscoelastic properties are highly temperature dependent. Bitumen’s shear stress / shear strain amplitude ratio grows with increasing rate as the temperature decreases.
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Tušar, Marjan, Lidija Ržek, and Mojca Ravnikar Turk. "Quality checking of Polymer modified bitumens in Slovenia." In 6th International Conference on Road and Rail Infrastructure. University of Zagreb Faculty of Civil Engineering, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5592/co/cetra.2020.1086.

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For many years the properties of bitumen have been determined based on mechanical tests as needle penetration, Ring&Ball and Fraass fracture temperature. For elastomer (styrene-butadiene-styrene) polymer modified bitumens these tests are not sufficient to show the important differences in bitumens. Elastic recovery and cohesion provide better insight, but rheological properties cannot be adequately described with conventional test. The requirements of the polymer modified bitumens (PmB) in Europe were defined in EN 14023 in 2010 [1]. Since then several new tests were introduced in the research field and their procedures improved. In the European Standards Committee (CEN) TC 336, there is ongoing work to develop performance related specifications. New laboratory test methods from American standards were adapted and transformed into EN standards (bitumen laboratory aging methods and rheological tests). These test methods are not yet employed in the current PmB European standard, however, the draft prEN 14023, April 2020 [2] suggests these new tests. In the recent years at ZAG Laboratory for asphalts and bitumen-based products long-term aging of bitumen by pressure aging vessel (PAV) and rheological tests were introduced. Traditional bitumen test methods are performed together with new rheological tests e.g. Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) testing, to characterize complex modulus and phase angle, and Multiple Stress Creep Recovery Test (MSCRT) in order to develop a preliminary data base on PmB’s, which are frequently used in Slovenia. The paper presents the current requirements for PmB’s in Slovenia and test results on PmB 45/80-65, original, laboratory aged and extracted from produced asphalt mixtures.
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Guo, Yuxia, Jiuchao Jiang, and Wanci Liu. "Properties of Natural Bitumen Gilsonite Modified Bitumen." In Fifth International Conference on Transportation Engineering. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784479384.144.

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Al Solial, Ali J., Aijaz Shaikh, and Abdullah K. Idrees. "Identification and Mapping of Gas Reservoir Bitumen." In Middle East Oil, Gas and Geosciences Show. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/213390-ms.

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Abstract Reservoirs that have undergone a gas charge after being charge with oil will have oil trapped within the reservoir. The interest of this study is to identify ways to trace that heavy oil, referred to as bitumen, in gas reservoirs from openhole logs along with identifying the controlling parameters on the trapping of this bitumen. The bitumen could be pore-saturating or grain coating. This paper looked into the petrophysical logging responses from 3 wells with confirmed bitumen at surface as well as thre other wells with matching signatures, for the purposes of mapping. The main logs considered were Resistivity and density-neutron, with formation testing and elemental spectroscopy being used as additional data sources. Thin sections from the cores, were also used to further identify more controlling parameters that might exist. Regardless of the nature of the bitumen's existence within the pore-space it appears that the main controlling parameters are structural. The investigation of petrophysical signatures lead to minor structural changes within the silt being able to provide a trap for the bitumen charge to accumulate. Use of silt-sand-shale analysis allowed to map the presence of the sub-structures under which the bitumen resides further leading to the fact that bitumen presence in the reservoir is structurly controlled. This does explain why bitumen exists in some areas of the reservoirs and not in others. Moreover, this also explains the generally relative low thickness of bitumen. Mapping the layers and ditrubuting them into 3d space will allow for the prediction of where the bitumen occurs as long as a controlling depth, above which bitumen exists, can be identified. Alternatively, flatting the structure to conditions prior to the development of the current seal can be done to better identify where the bitumen could've been trapped. Bitumen in deep reservoirs will impact fluid composition and can have impacts on drilling and drilling strategy. Therefore, identifying where the bitumen occurs is of high value to the development of these reservoirs. Further work remains to be done for identification in carbonate reservoirs and potentially further study of more bitumen saturated samples might lead to a better understanding of the phenomenon.
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Galdina, V. D., N. S. Galdin, and M. S. Chernogorodova. "Modified sulfur bitumen binders for bitumen-mineral compositions." In NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY: NANO-SciTech. AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5122023.

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Arguelles-Vivas, Francisco, Baki Ozum, Tayfun Babadagli, Laureen Little, and Nikolas Romaniuk. "Effect of Bitumen Viscosity and Bitumen-Water Interfacial Tension on the Efficiency of Steam Assisted Bitumen Recovery Processes." In SPE Western Regional & AAPG Pacific Section Meeting 2013 Joint Technical Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/165369-ms.

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Komperød, Magnus. "A Frequency-Domain Model of Bitumen-Coated Armor Wires in Subsea Power Cables, Umbilicals, and Power Umbilicals." In ASME 2016 35th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2016-54106.

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Bitumen is commonly used as anticorrosion protection for armor wires in subsea power cables, umbilicals, and power umbilicals. Bitumen’s viscoelastic behavior influences the cable’s mechanical properties. The present paper derives a simple, analytical model of bitumen-coated armor wires. The model calculates the axial stresses of the armor wires and the armor wires’ contribution to the cable’s bending stiffness. The model shows that there is a phase shift between the sinusoidal curvature oscillations and the corresponding armor wire stresses and cable bending moment. Two examples show that the armor wire stresses and the cable’s bending stiffness are strongly temperature-dependent. The purpose of the novel model is to calculate bending stiffness, fatigue stresses, and capacity (allowed combinations of axial cable tension and cable bending curvature) more accurately and to study these variables’ sensitivity to temperature and frequency. The model may also be included in calculations of bitumen’s influence on VIV damping.
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Großegger, Daniel. "Microstructural aging of bitumen." In 6th Eurasphalt & Eurobitume Congress. Czech Technical University in Prague, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ee.2016.135.

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Belyaev, P. S., V. А. Frolov, V. P. Belyaev, L. G. Varepo, and E. G. Bezzateeva. "Petroleum bitumen and polymer-bitumen binders: Current state and Russian specifics. Review." In OIL AND GAS ENGINEERING (OGE-2021). AIP Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0075420.

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Panasenkiene, Migle, Audrius Vaitkus, and Viktoras Masevičius. "The effect of bitumen ageing to fractional composition." In 6th International Conference on Road and Rail Infrastructure. University of Zagreb Faculty of Civil Engineering, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5592/co/cetra.2020.1214.

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Bitumen is manufactured from different crude oil sources also by various refining technologies, therefore, the impact of ageing is different. Bitumen is a complex chemical mixture consisting of a large number and diversity of organic compounds, mostly hydrocarbons, and varying in molecular mass, polarity and aromaticity. Various polar and non-polar fragments in bitumen interacting in-between form the certain structures which changes bitumen behaviour. Since bitumen is assigned as a colloidal system, consisting of high molecular weight asphaltene micelles dispersed in a lower molecular weight maltenes (saturates, aromatics, resins), the bitumen structure changes over time. Since ageing is one of the main factors effecting bitumen properties and asphalt pavement performance, it is essential to understand how the fractional composition of bitumen is affected by the long-term ageing simulation in the laboratory. The main purpose of this article is to analyse bitumen ageing process and influence to bitumen fractional composition (saturates, aromatics, resins, and asphaltenes), i.e. to show what happens to the bitumen fractional composition and colloidal stability when bitumen reaches a critical ageing point. The saturates, aromatics, resins, and asphaltenes were determined with the Thin Layer Chromatography with flame-ionisation detector (TLC/FID), the IATROSCAN MK-6s.
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Reports on the topic "Bitumen"

1

Mikula, R. J., I. S. Parsons, V. A. Munoz, W. W. Lam, C. Payette, and K. C. McAuley. High-temperature settling of bitumen from Aostra's underground test facility. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331489.

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Several bitumen samples from AOSTRA's Underground Test Facility were obtained (heat exchanger outlet) in order to characterize the emulsion droplet size distribution and to ultimately establish whether or not high temperature settling could successfully be used to separate the bitumen and water phases. Characterization of the dispersed phase was not straightforward since the samples varied. The samples would sometimes be separated into a large bitumen mass and significant free water and sometimes be quite fluid with dispersed bitumen. It was our opinion that sampling contamination, perhaps with residual soaps, lead to some samples remaining as a bitumen in water emulsion without separating. Normally, one would expect that the bitumen would separate from the free water. Preliminary characterization of the solids in the feed was also done since it is known that mineral/solids composition can influence emulsion formation and the stability of rag layers in bitumen/water separation schemes. High temperature settling evaluations proved the feasibility of this type of settling as a method of bitumen separation producing a product of less than 5% water. Good results were achieved with temperatures from 190 to 220 °C and 250 to 1000 ppm demulsifier. Separation without demulsifiers vas not successful. Product samples were examined microscopically to determine the dispersed water size distributions.
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Ahad, J. M. E. Environmental impact of diluted bitumen. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/314914.

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Ahad, J. M. E. Environmental impact of diluted bitumen. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/326957.

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Ahad, J. M. E., S. L. Hepditch, R. Martel, V. S. Langlois, L. Mindorff, and N. Mahmoudi. Environmental impact of diluted bitumen. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328459.

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Ternan, M. Catalytic methylcracking of bitumen and heavy oil. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/304422.

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Whaley, H., and G. N. Banks. Combustion and heat characteristics of bitumen emulsions. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/304434.

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Nandi, B. N., D. J. Patmore, D. K. Banerjee, and K. F. Laidler. Mesophase formation in hyrdrocarbon fractions of bitumen. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/302535.

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Lam, W. W., and R. J. Mikula. Microscopy of diluted bitumen from syncrude plant 6. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/305303.

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Oblad, A. G., J. W. Bunger, M. D. Deo, F. V. Hanson, J. D. Miller, and J. D. Seader. The extraction of bitumen from western tar sands. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5497664.

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Oblad, A., J. Bunger, F. Hanson, J. Miller, and J. Seader. The extraction of bitumen from western tar sands. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6536106.

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