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Journal articles on the topic 'Bituminous Concrete (BC)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

P, Praveen Kumar, G. Subramanya K, and Manjunatha S. "Experimental Investigation of Bituminous Concrete Mixes Using Conventional Bitumen and Crumb Rubber Modified Bitumen." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 16, no. 42 (2023): 3814–20. https://doi.org/10.17485/IJST/v16i42.2168.

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Abstract <strong>Objectives:</strong> To find the suitability of Bituminous Concrete (BC) Grade-II mix as a pavement surface course layer using conventional bitumen and modified bitumen. <strong>Methods:</strong> The present research is carried out by conducting the Marshall stability test on the bituminous mixes by using Crumb Rubber Modified Bitumen (CRMB), also known as modified bitumen, on the Bituminous Concrete Grade-I (Gr-I) and Bituminous Concrete Grade-II (Gr-II) mixes. The gradation for the bituminous mixes is achieved by the trial and error method to obtain the suitab

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2

Nazir, Ubaid, and Sandeep Singh. "Effect of aggregate gradation variation on mechanical properties of bitumen concrete." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1326, no. 1 (2024): 012091. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1326/1/012091.

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Abstract This India boasts one of the world’s largest road networks, predominantly comprised of macadamized pavement-based highways featuring a thin bituminous layer. Aggregate materials make up over 90% of the hot mixed asphalt (HMA) used in these roadways. Bituminous Asphalt (BA) is commonly used as the top layer to distribute loads and protect weaker foundational surfaces from water damage, meeting strict MORTH classification standards. This study focused on Bituminous Concrete (BC) with grading II. Three aggregate gradation ranges (upper, middle, lower) were employed using the Marshall Met

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3

Puttappa, Praveen Kumar, Kiran Kumar Bangalore Venkatesh, Manjunatha Shivanandaswamy, and Konanur Gundanna Subramanya. "Rutting Performance Evaluation of the Bituminous Mixes using Roller Compactor and Rut Analyzer." Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology 56, no. 1 (2025): 97–108. https://doi.org/10.37934/araset.56.1.97108.

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The characteristics of the bitumen play a very important role in the performance and durability of flexible pavement. Conventional bitumen has many disadvantages, due to which the pavement undergoes different types of distress, such as cracking, edge breaks, shovelling, rutting, ravelling, heaving, potholes, etc. The performance of the bituminous mixes can be improved by using various types of additives to bitumen, commonly known as modifiers, to obtain modified bitumen. The present investigation is done by conducting Marshall Stability and Rutting tests on a combination of bituminous mixes, n

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4

Rather, Zahid Amain, Er. Ravinder Singh, and Dr Puja Sharma. "Use of Rice Husk Ash and Domestic Plastic Wastes in Bituminous Concrete (BC)." International Journal of Research in Informative Science Application & Techniques (IJRISAT) 3, no. 5 (2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.46828/ijrisat.v3i5.84.

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This paper presents the experimental results on the utilization of Rice Hush Ash (RHA) and Domestic Plastic Wastes as a replacement for mineral filler and Optimum binder content (OBC) in bituminous concrete mixes. Bituminous concrete mixes containing Rice Husk Ash and Domestic Plastic Wastes at different amounts and control specimens were prepared in accordance to Marshall Mix design, and their performance on stability, flow and bulk density were evaluated. Optimum binder content (OBC) and voids analysis were also conducted to compare performance of Rice Husk Ash and Domestic Plastic Wastes at

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Anil, Kumar Yadava, and Aqeel Ahmad Syed. "Characterization of Classified Indian Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP): Aggregate Impact Value and Aggregate Abrasion Value of Rap Aggregates." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT) 9, no. 3 (2020): 3913–21. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.C6443.029320.

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Reuse of existing deteriorated bituminous pavement material in construction and maintenance of flexible pavement is called recycling of bituminous pavement. Removed and reprocessed deteriorated pavement material which is recycled is termed as Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP). In India during construction of flexible pavement different types of bituminous layers are in practice depending upon CBR of sub-grade and traffic count i.e. CVPD of the road stretch. Depending upon types of bituminous layer i.e. PC Seal Coat, Bituminous Macadam(BM), Dense grade bituminous Macadam (DBM), Semi Dense Bitumi

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Peta, Vineeth Kumar, Sai Ram Sara, and Harish Kumar Mudigonda. "Determination of Optimum Bitumen Content for the Bituminous Concrete Mix Design." International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology 8, no. 3 (2023): 1007–17. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7776642.

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98% of highways are constructed in flexible pavement roads. The performance of pavement is determined by the properties of bitumen. Bitumen is the naturally occurring byproduct of crude oil. Bituminous Concrete mix design emphasizes determining the proportion of bitumen, Filler, fine aggregate, and coarse aggregates are combined to create a mix that is workable, strong, durable, and economical. The most frequent material utilised in the construction of flexible paving roads is bituminous concrete mix. The construction of Bituminous Concrete (BC) is used as the road Wearing course in this proje

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7

Aditya, Gupta, and Sumesh Jain Dr. "Experimental Study of Bituminous Mix by Adding Waste Polythene Aditya Gupta." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development 3, no. 5 (2019): 502–5. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3589983.

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Bituminous mixes are most commonly used all over the world in flexible pavement construction. It consists of asphalt or bitumen used as a binder and mineral aggregate which are mixed together, laid down in layers and then compacted. Under normal circumstances, conventional bituminous pavements if designed and executed properly perform quite satisfactorily but the performance of bituminous mixes is very poor under various situations. Today's asphaltic concrete pavements are expected to perform better as they are experiencing increased volume of traffic, increased loads and increased variati

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Aditya, Gupta, and Sumesh Jain Dr. "A Review Paper on Experimental Study of Bituminous Mix by Adding Waste Polythene." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development 3, no. 4 (2019): 1696–97. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3591564.

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Bituminous mixes are most commonly used all over the world in flexible pavement construction. It consists of asphalt or bitumen used as a binder and mineral aggregate which are mixed together, laid down in layers and then compacted. Under normal circumstances, conventional bituminous pavements if designed and executed properly perform quite satisfactorily but the performance of bituminous mixes is very poor under various situations. Today's asphaltic concrete pavements are expected to perform better as they are experiencing increased volume of traffic, increased loads and increased variati

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9

Sharmila, Sharma, Singh Thakur Ajay, and Gupta Amit. "Study of Bituminous Concrete Mix of Grade-Two for Stability and Flow Analysis using Additives of Waste Materials." Journal of Earthquake Science and Soil Dynamics Engineering 6, no. 2 (2023): 20–31. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8063768.

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<em>Typically, a bituminous mixture consists of coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, filler, and binder. A type of bituminous mixture called "Hot Mix Asphalt" (HMA) is made by mixing, placing, and compacting all of these components at high temperatures. Bituminous Concrete (BC) is a type of Dense Graded mix (DGM) used as a surface and wearing course in flexible pavements. It is essential for the wearing course to provide a smooth and dense riding surface while enduring traffic-induced wear and tear. The growth of transportation infrastructure plays a vital role in national development,

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10

Ashraf, Aadil, and Abhilash Thakur. "Use of Waste Polythene in Bituminous Concrete Mixes for Highways." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 10 (2023): 1709–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.56293.

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Abstract: Bituminous Concrete (BC) normally used in construction projects like road surfacing, airports ,parking lots etc is a composite material . It consists of asphalt or bitumen (used as a binder) and mineral aggregate which are mixed together & laid down in layers then compacted. In these days the large increment in high traffic intensity in terms of commercial vehicles, and the compelling variation in daily and seasonal temperature put us in a demanding situation to think of some alternatives for the improvisation of the pavement characteristics and quality by applying some necessary

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11

Kumar, Hemant, Avani Chopra, and Gurpreet Singh. "Study of Partial Replacement of Thermosets in Bituminous Mix." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1326, no. 1 (2024): 012101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1326/1/012101.

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Abstract Bituminous Concrete (BC) is a type of composite material, is typically utilized in construction work including road paving, airports and parking area, etc. These days, the significant increase in commercial vehicle traffic and the compelling daily and seasonal temperature variations place us in a challenging position where we must consider alternatives for improving the pavement’s properties and eminence by implementing possible valuable alterations that will gratify both the strength and the economical aspect. Considering the environmental perspective as well, there is a huge increas

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12

Hussain, Saddam. "Review on Laboratory Work Used to Improve Quality of Asphalt Mix Using Different Waste Material Adding Stone Matrix Asphalt and Banana Fibre." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 7 (2022): 3609–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.45651.

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Abstract: Bituminous mixture is an admixture of coarse aggregate, fine aggregate and fill. Hot Mix Asphalt( HMA) is a type of bituminous mixture in which all molecules are mixed and compacted at high degree of temperature. HMA is available in two forms compact graded and Stone Matrix Asphalt( SMA), formally is known as Bituminous Concrete( BC) and another’s known as gap graded. SMA needs added threads to minimize the drainage through the material. In this study, a work has been made to enhance the stability of SMA using banana fibers along with binder content( BC). The admixture has been prepa

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P, Praveen Kumar, and Dr Kiran Kumar B V. "Performance Evaluation of Bituminous Mixes with Modified Binders using Roller Compactor cum Rut Analyzer (RCRA)." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 4 (2022): 1502–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.41551.

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Abstract: In India majority of roads are being constructed by flexible pavements. But the performance of the pavement largely depends on quality and type of materials used, construction methodology adopted, temperature, climatic conditions etc. Because of these variations in these parameters, pavements undergo distress/ failure. The different types of failure in flexible pavement are Rutting, Shovelling, Edge breaks, Cracks, Slippage etc. Rutting is a common phenomenon which occurs in flexible pavement surface due to overloading of vehicles and repeated application of wheel load. Rutting is de

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14

Karati, Sukanta, and Tapash Kumar Roy. "Effect of saw dust ash (SDA) and recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) in the bituminous concrete." E3S Web of Conferences 368 (2023): 02033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202336802033.

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The present study deals with the effect of saw dust ash (SDA) as an alternative filler and recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) material in bituminous concrete (BC). Several physical and chemical experiments were performed to characterize the SDA and RAP material according to the standard specifications. To execute such study, virgin aggregate and RAP were blended as 100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, 50:50, 40:60, 25 :75, 0 :100% and 8% SDA was used as filler to prepare the BC mix. In this study, 2% ordinary Portland cement (OPC-43) was utilized to prepare the control mix. However, to quantify the

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Ashok, Julaganti1 Rajan Choudhary2 *. S. S. Porwal3 Abhinay Kumar4. "EFFECT OF REDUCTION IN PRODUCTION TEMPERATURES ON PROPERTIES OF BITUMINOUS MIXES WITH AN ORGANIC WMA ADDITIVE." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY 6, no. 2 (2017): 433–42. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.291866.

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Warm mix asphalt (WMA) refers to the group of technologies that allow a considerable decrease in production, placement and compaction temperatures of bituminous mixes through the addition of organic additives, chemical additives or foaming processes. The use of modified binders in the bituminous courses has become common practice to sustain the high vehicular traffic, climatic variations, and heavy axle loads. This paper presents properties of bituminous concrete (BC) mixes at different additive contents and production temperatures for two modified binders (polymer modified, PMB, and crumb rub

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16

Sukanta, Karati. "Influence of the Performance of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) Material on Bituminous Mix." Journal of Civil Engineering and Materials Application 5, no. 3 (2021): 151–63. https://doi.org/10.22034/jcema.2021.305945.1066.

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The utilization of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) material to prepare a durable bituminous concrete (BC) mixture, used for flexible pavement surface courses is a challenging task in this investigation. RAP material is one of the latest substitutes for virgin aggregate and virgin binder of the bituminous mix. Using RAP material in flexible pavements can improve the engineering properties of bituminous mix and is also beneficial for economic and environmental.  To execute such study, virgin aggregate (VA) has been replaced by 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 75, and 100% of RAP material, respec

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17

Tigga, Rajendra, and Durgesh Kumar Sahu. "Experimental Analysis of Bond Strength between Bituminous Paving Layers in Laboratory Settings." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 07 (2024): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem36771.

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The purpose of this research is to evaluate the bond strength between various combinations of bituminous layers in a laboratory setting. The bond between these layers is critical for the overall performance of pavement under traffic stresses. Bituminous tack coatings are widely used to improve interlayer adherence. This study examines two layer combinations: bituminous concrete (BC) on dense bituminous macadam (DBM) and semi-dense bituminous concrete (SDBC) on BM. A variety of tack coat materials are employed, including bitumen, Cationic Rapid Setting with low viscosity (CRS-1), and Cationic M

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18

Ravishankar, Chavan, and M. S. Nagakumar. "Influence of Industrial By-Product Materials on Bituminous Concrete Mixes." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (2022): 19759–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.19759ecst.

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In this research work, laboratory studies are aimed at using copper slag and foundry sand as mineral fillers and fine aggregates as partial replacement of traditional mineral fillers and fine aggregate particles and will help in building sustainable roadways. The aggregate gradation corresponding to the bituminous concrete mid-limit grading-2 was adopted in accordance with Section 500 of Table No. 500-18 of MORT&H's Fourth Amendment Specifications in order to examine the mix design characteristics. From the laboratory investigation it is observed that the stability, tensile strength, water

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S, Manjunatha, and Dr B. V. Kiran Kumar. "Performance Based Testing on Bituminous Mixes using Roller Compactor cum Rut Analyser (RCRA)." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 4 (2022): 1631–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.41622.

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Abstract: In India majority of roads are being constructed by flexible pavements. But the performance of the pavement largely depends on quality of materials used, Equipment’s used, construction methodology adopted, temperature and climatic conditions at the area etc. Because of these variations in the mentioned parameters, pavements undergo distress/ failure. The different types of failure in flexible pavement are Rutting, Shovelling, Edge breaks, Cracks, Slippage etc. Rutting is a common phenomenon which occurs in flexible pavement surface due to overloading of vehicles and repeated applicat

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20

SM, Rashmi. "Study on Comparision of Life Cycle Cost Between White Topping and Btiuminuos Overlays." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 1 (2023): 1357–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.48818.

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Abstract: The focus of the present study is on construction of long-lasting and better performing pavements. Usually, with respect to the rehabilitation of the pavement, the construction agencies go with the bituminous overlays as their first priority without considering the condition of the existing pavement structure. But the advantages of cement concrete (CC) pavements that have proved to perform better and are considered to be long-lasting must be explored. The use of Thin White Topping (TWT), and Ultra-Thin White Topping (UTWT) pavements is currently gaining popularity in the area of pave

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21

Paul, Amartya, Hemant Kumari, Rinaldo Snaitang, Pradeep Kumar Gautam, and Shubhankar Majumdar. "Microwave Imaging and Non-Destructive Testing of Bituminous Mix Binder-Aggregate Behavior Using Log-Periodic Feedline-Based Microstrip Filter." NDT 2, no. 3 (2024): 347–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ndt2030021.

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This research investigates the characterization of bituminous mixes utilizing microwave imaging and non-destructive testing. We studied the electromagnetic characteristics of various samples, including bituminous concrete (BC) and open-grade friction course (OGFC) samples. A novel ring filter with log-periodic feedlines, designed on the RT/Duroid 5880 substrate, was utilized within the frequency range of 0.3–0.7 GHz. The samples were assessed using average attenuation and group delay measures, which detailed clear electromagnetic characteristics. The samples’ flow value and specific gravity we

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P, Praveen Kumar, and Dr Kiran Kumar B V. "Performance Evaluation of Flexible Pavements with Modified Bitumen Binders." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 4 (2022): 1496–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.41537.

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Abstract: In India majority of roads are being constructed by flexible pavements. But the performance of the pavement largely depends on quality and type of materials used, Construction methodology adopted, temperature, climatic conditions etc. Because of these variations in the mentioned parameters, pavements undergo distress/ failure. The different types of failure in flexible pavement are Rutting, Shovelling, Edge breaks, Cracks, Slippage etc. Rutting is a common phenomenon which occurs in flexible pavement surface due to overloading of vehicles and repeated application of wheel load. Rutti

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23

Gnanamurthy, P. B., and Kiran Kumar B V. "Experimental Study on Characterization of Bituminous Mixes Containing Recycled Asphalt Pavement Materials for the Construction of Surface Course in Flexible Pavements." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 5 (2022): 3271–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.43072.

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Abstract: In India majority of the road network has a bituminous top surface made of naturally accessible road materials and bitumen. This process has resulted in a faster depletion of road aggregates as well as an increase in gas emissions into the atmosphere, resulting in pollution. The most promising approach for achieving sustainability in road building will be to use low emission bitumen, re-use aggregates obtained from milling, and material reclaimed from the old distressed pavement to create or rehabilitate new roads. In this regard, the current study seeks to evaluate and compare the p

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KUMAR, AJIT, and N. MANOJ KUMAR. "A STUDY ON USE OF WASTE POLYTHYLENE IN BITUMINOUS PAVEMENT MIXES." YMER Digital 21, no. 06 (2022): 837–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.37896/ymer21.06/83.

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Bituminous mixes are most ordinarily used everywhere the planet in versatile pavement construction. It consists of asphalt or hydrocarbon (used as a binder) and mineral combination that are mixed along, ordered down in layers so compacted. below traditional circumstances, conventional hydrocarbon pavements if designed and dead properly perform quite satisfactorily however the performance of hydrocarbon mixes is incredibly poor below varied things. Today’s mineral concrete pavements are expected to perform higher as they're experiencing increased volume of traffic, inflated hundreds and inflate

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SRINIVASAN, MARUWADA, and N. MANOJ KUMAR. "A LABORATORY STUDY OF BITUMINOUS MIXES USING A NATURAL FIBRE." YMER Digital 21, no. 04 (2022): 567–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.37896/ymer21.04/57.

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Generally, a hydrocarbon mixture could be a mixture of coarse combination, fine combination, filler and binder. A Hot combine Asphalt could be a hydrocarbon mixture wherever all constituents ar mixed, placed and compacted at warm temperature. HMA is Dense ranked mixes (DGM) called Bituminous Concrete (BC) or gap ranked called Stone Matrix Asphalt (SMA). SMA requires stabilising additives composed of polysaccharide fibbers, mineral fibres or polymers to prevent drain down of the combination. within the gift study, an effort has been created to review the consequences of use of a naturally and d

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Deeksha, V., L. Durga Prashanth, and Nitendra Palankar. "Studies on Self-Healing Properties of Glass Fibre Reinforced Bituminous Concrete Mixes." E3S Web of Conferences 455 (2023): 01011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202345501011.

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In the present era, numerous researchers are actively exploring diverse approaches to modify Bituminous Concrete (BC) and seeking alternative paving materials to extend the lifespan of road surfaces and to enhance the longevity and resilience of bitumen pavements, while simultaneously mitigating environmental pollution stemming from hydrocarbon materials. Among the effective materials employed for AC modification, fibers have emerged as one of the successful choice. This research focuses on investigating the inherent self-healing capabilities of bitumen when incorporating glass fibers and asse

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Mustapha, Akacem, Moulay Omar Hassan, Abdeldjalil M’hammed, et al. "Effect of adding dune sand to bituminous concrete intended for wearing courses." STUDIES IN ENGINEERING AND EXACT SCIENCES 5, no. 2 (2024): e8118. http://dx.doi.org/10.54021/seesv5n2-240.

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The 20th century was marked by the development of road infrastructure around the world, which necessitated a great need for pavement materials which in turn had to meet certain geotechnical criteria such as hardness, grain size and cleanliness. A traditional pavement body generally includes gravel, but unfortunately these materials are not available in some areas. From there was born the need to use local materials, such as tuff and dune sand, which exist in abundance and which are inexpensive and which have proven their effectiveness in road construction. The semi grained bituminous concrete

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SantoshKumar, Niveditha M Madinur, and Sharanabasava Patil. "Laboratory Performance Evaluation of Hot Mix Asphalt Using Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Material for Bituminous Concrete Layer." International Research Journal on Advanced Engineering and Management (IRJAEM) 2, no. 04 (2024): 1110–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.47392/irjaem.2024.0146.

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Pavement rehabilitation and reconstruction generate large quantities of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP). Recycling into new asphalt paving mixtures is the predominant application. The RAP contains aggregates coated with bitumen. Recently utilization of RAP in asphalt mixes has been gaining worldwide popularity. Use of RAP in asphalt mixes can reduce cost of materials (aggregates and bitumen), conserve aggregates and asphalt, save environment, and can solve problem of solid waste disposal. The present study is used to design and evaluate the performance of bitumen mix with 2 different percenta

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Putri, Elsa Eka, Purnawan, M. Agung Triandila, Agung Pratama, and Rindi. "Experimental study on use of reclaimed asphalt pavement as aggregate substitution for flexible pavement." MATEC Web of Conferences 229 (2018): 03019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201822903019.

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This study is to assess the suitability of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) as a coarse aggregate substitution for flexible pavement mixture. The RAP in this investigation was taken from roads in Padang, Indonesia. There were three types of flexible pavement chosen to be tested for RAP substitution, i.e. Asphalt Concrete-Wearing Course (AC-WC), Asphalt Concrete-Binder Course (AC-BC), and Hot Rolled Sheet-Wearing Course (HRS-WC). Laboratory studies have been carried out on flexible pavement mixes with RAP material and their performance has been compared with flexible pavement without RAP substi

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Katare, Satish. "Sustainable and Cost-Effective Development of Pervious Paver Block made with RHA (Rice Husk Ash) and RAP (Recycled Asphalt Pavement)." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 6 (2023): 950–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.53764.

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Abstract: The study's goal is to create cost-effective and eco-friendly pervious paver blocks by reusing asphalt pavement at 0%, 50%, and 100% weight ratios. Building permeable paver blocks using RHA (Rice Husk Ash), an industrial waste product with a cementous ratio of 10% to 20% by weight, is a step toward a more eco-friendly and cost-effective future. Both recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) aggregates and newly quarried "fresh aggregates" (FA) were employed in this investigation. Bituminous concrete (BC) pavement that was 2 years old and Stored in dumping yard besides the Rahul ware house in G

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Negi, Ankit. "The Economic Value of Plastic Waste Used as Paving Aggregate." Mathematical Statistician and Engineering Applications 71, no. 2 (2022): 555–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/msea.v71i2.2135.

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Solid waste, of which plastic waste is a significant part, is plentiful and often gets thrown away without being properly processed into a usable resource. Municipal plastic garbage disposal has increased dramatically, particularly in metropolitan areas, and this has a negative effect on the aesthetic quality of the environment. As a binding agent, plastic proved to be quite useful pliable asphalt mixtures made from bitumen. By limiting fracture formation and decreasing rainfall penetration, this effective strategy helps pavements tolerate greater temperatures, which would otherwise contribute

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32

Ravishankar, Chavan, and M. S. Nagakumar. "Laboratory investigations on bituminous concrete mixtures utilizing foundry sand." Sustainability, Agri, Food and Environmental Research-DISCONTINUED 12, no. 1 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.7770/safer-v12n1-art2762.

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This research work reports the effect of foundry sand (FS) mineral filler (MF) aggregate on characteristics of bituminous concrete grading-2 (BC-2) mixtures and compares the test results with the conventional BC-2 mixtures. The Marshall mixture design method is adopted to assess the optimal bitumen content at 4% air voids for bituminous concrete grading-2 specimens prepared using 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 percent FSMF content. Split tensile strength test and water resistivity test were conducted to study the performance characteristics of bituminous concrete mixtures. EDXA (Energy Dispersive X-ra

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33

"Characterization of Classified Indian Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP): Aggregate Impact Value and Aggregate Abrasion Value of Rap Aggregates." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 9, no. 3 (2020): 3913–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.c6443.029320.

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Reuse of existing deteriorated bituminous pavement material in construction and maintenance of flexible pavement is called recycling of bituminous pavement. Removed and reprocessed deteriorated pavement material which is recycled is termed as Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP). In India during construction of flexible pavement different types of bituminous layers are in practice depending upon CBR of sub-grade and traffic count i.e. CVPD of the road stretch. Depending upon types of bituminous layer i.e. PC Seal Coat, Bituminous Macadam(BM), Dense grade bituminous Macadam (DBM), Semi Dense Bitumi

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34

Anilkumar, L., and Awanti S.S. "Marshall mix design and Performance evaluation, of VG-30 neat and PMB-SBS-40 binders with and without WMA additivesfor Paving Applications." June 7, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14738904.

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Generally, in India, the important highways are made up by Bituminous Concrete (BC). Bitumen mix design can be done by Marshall Mix Design Method, is a balancing method to adjust the proportions of various aggregate sizes and bitumen content. The present research focused on the use of harder grade bitumen VG-30 neat and PMB-SBS-40neat and with WMA additives such as sasobit,Evotherm and Zycotherm, for better performance under heavy traffic load and hot climatic conditions. In this paper laboratory investigations were carried out on neat bitumen of VG-30, SBS- Polymer Modified Bitumen -40 grade

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Raghvendra, Varma, and Pandey R.K. "AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF BITUMINOUS MIXES USING A NATURAL FIBRE." Global Journal of Engineering Science and Researches 4, no. 5 (2017). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.583246.

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Generally a bituminous mixture is a mixture of coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, filler and binder. A Hot Mix Asphalt is a bituminous mixture where all constituents are mixed, placed and compacted at high temperature. HMA can be Dense Graded mixes (DGM) known as Bituminous Concrete (BC) or gap graded known as Stone Matrix Asphalt (SMA). SMA requires stabilizing additives composed of cellulose fibbers, mineral fibres or polymers to prevent drain down of the mix. In the present study, an attempt has been made to study the effects of use of a naturally and locally available fibre called SISAL fib

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Pallavi, M. Lalitha, Subhashish Dey, Ganugula Taraka Naga Veerendra, Siva Shanmukha Anjaneya Babu Padavala, and Akula Venkata Phani Manoj. "Optimizing the bituminous pavement constructions with waste plastic materials improved the road constructions performance and their future applications." AI in Civil Engineering 3, no. 1 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s43503-024-00035-5.

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AbstractThe yearly production of plastic garbage is rising in the current environment as a result of the fast population rise. Recycling and reusing plastic trash is essential for sustainable development. The need of the hour is to utilize waste polythene for various supporting reasons since it is not biodegradable. These materials are made of polymers like polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene. Due to the enhanced performance and elimination of the environmental issue, adding plastic waste to flexible pavement has emerged as a desirable choice. A composite material known as bituminous

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"Effect of Addition of Plastic in Bituminous Mixes Prepared with Modified Bitumen." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 8, no. 9 (2019): 2023–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.i8603.078919.

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The present study deal with the utilization of PET waste in Bituminous Concrete prepared with modified bitumen. The detailed analysis will be carried out to assess the physical and strength characteristic of prepared BC mix as per the Indian Standards. Modified bitumen used is CRMB -55 which is a binder obtained from the recycling of rubber tyre. Modified bitumen is temperature susceptible and also increases the fatigue life of pavement under the heavy traffic load. The study involved in the evaluation of more than one modification in bituminous mixes such as CRMB -55 is itself modified binder

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Kanalli, Shravan A., Mohan H. Badiger, Pratik Jaiswal, and Gavisiddesh Majjagi. "Stabilization of black cotton soil subgrade using mine waste and steel slag: economic and environmental benefits of bituminous concrete pavement with cement-treated base." World Journal of Engineering, June 5, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1108/wje-10-2024-0615.

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Purpose This study aims to investigate the stabilization of black cotton (BC) soil using mine waste (MW) and steel slag (SS) to enhance properties of the subgrade for pavement construction. The purpose is to explore the combined effects of MW and SS on the strength of subgrade and thereby promoting sustainable construction practices. Design/methodology/approach The methodology involves laboratory tests on BC soil and BC soil stabilized with various dosages of MW to determine the optimal BC soil–MW mix. Subsequently, SS is added to the optimal BC soil–MW mix to further enhance its engineering p

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Bagui, Swapan Kumar, Atasi Das, Kaushlendra Kumar Verma, and Soumadeep Bagui. "VARIATION OF PAVEMENT DESIGN WITH ENVIRONMENTAL TEMPERATURE VARIATION." Malaysian Journal of Civil Engineering 29, no. 3 (2018). https://doi.org/10.11113/mjce.v29.15605.

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Indian Roads Congress (IRC): 37-2012 is the main guideline for design of flexible pavement. This guideline developed several pavement design charts ready for use based on Average Annual Pavement Temperature (AAPT) which varies from 200 C to 400 C. Environmental condition pertaining to the monthly variation of temperatures have not been considered in the pavement design. This paper presents pavement design considering variation of resilient / elastic modulus value at different time periods throughout the year (month wise) using Indian Institute of Technology(IIT) Pave software and compare conve

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Morales, Luisa F., Katherine Herrera, Julián E. López, Roberto Aguado, and Juan F. Saldarriaga. "Circular economy strategy for the valorization of fly ash as a substitute for cement in monoliths (resistance and reactivity evaluation)." Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy, November 14, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ep.14319.

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AbstractFly ash is currently a problem in different companies, mainly in thermoelectric plants, which must follow a production and consumption model that involves reusing, renewing, and recycling, thus contributing to the circular economy. This work aims to evaluate the reactivity and compressive strength of different types of ashes in concrete monoliths. For this purpose, sugarcane bagasse (SCBA), bituminous coal (BC), and untreated hazardous waste (RUD) were evaluated as replacements for cement. Monoliths and mortars have been manufactured in different mixtures, taken to a curing room, and t

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