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Journal articles on the topic 'Bivariate aging'
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Mulero, Julio, and Franco Pellerey. "Bivariate Aging Properties under Archimedean Dependence Structures." Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods 39, no. 17 (August 17, 2010): 3108–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610920903199987.
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Bassan, Bruno, and Fabio Spizzichino. "Bivariate survival models with Clayton aging functions." Insurance: Mathematics and Economics 37, no. 1 (August 2005): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.insmatheco.2004.12.003.
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Bassan, Bruno, and Fabio Spizzichino. "Relations among univariate aging, bivariate aging and dependence for exchangeable lifetimes." Journal of Multivariate Analysis 93, no. 2 (April 2005): 313–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmva.2004.04.002.
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Li, Xiaohu, and Franco Pellerey. "Generalized Marshall–Olkin distributions and related bivariate aging properties." Journal of Multivariate Analysis 102, no. 10 (November 2011): 1399–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmva.2011.05.006.
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Finkelstein, Maxim, and Veronica Esaulova. "On the weak IFR aging of bivariate lifetime distributions." Applied Stochastic Models in Business and Industry 21, no. 3 (2005): 265–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asmb.599.
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Szymkowiak, Magdalena, and Maria Iwińska. "Some results about bivariate discrete distributions through the vector of aging intensities." Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods 48, no. 9 (April 16, 2018): 2175–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610926.2018.1459714.
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Connelly, Caitlin. "Self-Perceptions of Aging, Cognitive Function, and Physical Activity." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 883. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.3261.
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Abstract Stereotype embodiment theory suggests that internalized aging stereotypes will influence subsequent physical and cognitive health for older adults. This is proposed to occur through behavioral, physiological, and psychological pathways. Guided by stereotype embodiment theory, this study examined the how self-perceptions of aging are associated with cognitive function and the mediating role of physical activity as a behavioral pathway. The sample consists of 7,990 community-dwelling older adults age 65 from the Health and Retirement Study. Cross-sectional data analyses were conducted using bivariate and multivariate linear regression. Positive self-perceptions of aging were significantly associated with better cognitive function. Physical activity partially mediated the association between self-perceptions of aging and cognitive function. Findings suggest that self-perceptions of aging are important for cognitive function and physical activity may help to explain this relationship. Self-perceptions of aging may serve a possible intervention point to increase physical activity engagement and improve cognitive function.
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Teater, Barbra, and Jill Chonody. "Reconsidering How Successful Aging is Defined." Advances in Social Work 20, no. 3 (January 29, 2021): 694–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/24218.
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Successful aging is a prominent framework within gerontology, yet an understanding of how aging adults define “successful aging” is often missing in the social work discourse around what it means to age well. This cross-sectional, exploratory study used an online survey to explore community-dwelling adults’ (aged 55+; n=471) definition of successful aging, the underlying components across all definitions, and any differences in components based on whether or not the adults identified as aging successfully. Summative content analysis yielded five main themes and 13 sub-themes for those who identified as aging successfully and five main themes and 11-sub-themes for those who identified as not aging successfully with elements of health constituting the largest percentage of responses across both groups. Bivariate analyses found participants in the “not aging successfully” group mentioned elements of Being Healthy and Financial Security more than those in the aging successfully group, and elements of Sustain Participation, Curiosity, and Learning less than those in the “aging successfully” group. The findings illustrate the extent to which aging adults view successful aging as the presence of health and ability. Social workers should be mindful to the ways in which adults view successful aging and the elements they believe to contribute to successful aging in order to provide and tailor programs, services, and resources that are supportive of aging adults’ needs and wishes.
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Liu, Peter Y., Steven M. Pincus, Paul Y. Takahashi, Pamela D. Roebuck, Ali Iranmanesh, Daniel M. Keenan, and Johannes D. Veldhuis. "Aging attenuates both the regularity and joint synchrony of LH and testosterone secretion in normal men: analyses via a model of graded GnRH receptor blockade." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 290, no. 1 (January 2006): E34—E41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00227.2005.
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Testosterone (T) secretion declines in the aging male, albeit for unknown reasons. From an ensemble perspective, repeated incremental signaling among gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and T is required to maintain physiological androgen availability. Pattern-regularity statistics, such as univariate approximate entropy (ApEn) and bivariate cross-ApEn, provide specific and sensitive model-free measurement of altered multipathway control. The present study exploits partial muting of one pathway (GnRH drive) to appraise adaptive regulation of LH and T secretion in young and aging individuals. Analyses comprised 100 paired 18-h LH and T concentration time series obtained in 25 healthy men ages 20–72 yr each administered placebo and three graded doses of a specific GnRH-receptor antagonist. Graded blockade of GnRH drive increased the individual regularity of LH and T secretion and the synchrony of LH-T feedforward and T-LH feedback in the cohort as a whole ( P < 0.001 for each). However, age markedly attenuated ganirelix-induced enhancement of univariate T orderliness and bivariate LH-T feedback and T-LH feedback synchrony ( P ≤ 0.0025). In summary, the present analyses support the thesis that aging disrupts coordinate control of T secretion, LH-T feedforward, and T-LH feedback in healthy men. Thus the experimental strategy of stepwise silencing of an agonistic pathway may have utility in dissecting the bases of altered neurohormonal linkages in other systems.
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Lee, Sung-Jin, Kathleen Rose Parrott, Minyong Lee, Sheryl Renee Robinson, and Ricky Nimako Owusu. "Residential Satisfaction of Rural Older Adults Aging in Place." Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine 7 (January 2021): 233372142199719. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2333721421997190.
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This study explored residential (housing and town) satisfaction of rural older adults aging in place, relating to demographic and housing characteristics. We conducted a structured, face-to-face survey with 149 rural older adults. Regression results revealed that housing satisfaction for rural older adults were significantly related to demographic and housing characteristics, including personal health status, healthy home status, and structure size. Bivariate analysis revealed that satisfaction with a town feature, shopping location, was the most frequently related to demographic and housing variables, followed by cost of living in town; and that health status was most frequently associated with town feature satisfaction. The study results can enhance programs and/or services for older adults aging in rural communities.
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Franco, Manuel, and Juana-María Vivo. "Stochastic Aging Classes for the Maximum Statistic from Friday and Patil Bivariate Exponential Distribution Family." Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods 38, no. 6 (March 11, 2009): 902–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610920802322466.
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Xu, Chunsheng, Dongfeng Zhang, Xiaocao Tian, Yili Wu, Zengchang Pang, Shuxia Li, and Qihua Tan. "Genetic and Environmental Basis in Phenotype Correlation Between Physical Function and Cognition in Aging Chinese Twins." Twin Research and Human Genetics 20, no. 1 (January 20, 2017): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/thg.2016.98.
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Although the correlation between cognition and physical function has been well studied in the general population, the genetic and environmental nature of the correlation has been rarely investigated. We conducted a classical twin analysis on cognitive and physical function, including forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), handgrip strength, five-times-sit-to-stand test (FTSST), near visual acuity, and number of teeth lost in 379 complete twin pairs. Bivariate twin models were fitted to estimate the genetic and environmental correlation between physical and cognitive function. Bivariate analysis showed mildly positively genetic correlations between cognition and FEV1, rG = 0.23 [95% CI: 0.03, 0.62], as well as FVC, rG = 0.35 [95% CI: 0.06, 1.00]. We found that FTSST and cognition presented very high common environmental correlation, rC = -1.00 [95% CI: -1.00, -0.57], and low but significant unique environmental correlation, rE = -0.11 [95% CI: -0.22, -0.01], all in the negative direction. Meanwhile, near visual acuity and cognition also showed unique environmental correlation, rE = 0.16 [95% CI: 0.03, 0.27]. We found no significantly genetic correlation for cognition with handgrip strength, FTSST, near visual acuity, and number of teeth lost. Cognitive function was genetically related to pulmonary function. The FTSST and cognition shared almost the same common environmental factors but only part of the unique environmental factors, both with negative correlation. In contrast, near visual acuity and cognition may positively share part of the unique environmental factors.
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Parellangi, Parellangi, Rina Loriana, and Rivan Firdaus. "EFFECT OF LIGHT AND MEDIUM INTENSITY BRAIN GYMNASTICS ON THE IMPROVEMENT OF COGNITIVE FUNCTION IN ELDERLY." Belitung Nursing Journal 4, no. 5 (September 13, 2018): 518–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33546/bnj.497.
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Background: Decreased brain aging is due to impaired cognitive function. One effort to inhibit cognitive decline due to aging is by doing brain gym.Objective: This study aims to examine the effect of light and medium intensity brain gymnastic on the improvement of cognitive function of elderly, and compare its result between the two intervention.Methods: This was an experimental research with pre-test and post-test group design conducted in 2016. There were 66 people included in this study, which 33 randomly assigned in the light intensity brain gymnastic group (group I) and medium intensity brain gymnastic group (group II). Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) questionnaires was used to measure cognitive function of elderly. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analysis. Bivariate analysis used paired t-test and independet sample t-test.Results: Findings of this study reveal that there was a significant effect of light and medium intensity brain gymnastic on the improvement of cognitive function of elderly (p=0.000). However, light intensity brain gymnastics (mean= 6.61) is better in improving the cognitive function of the elderly compared with medium intensity brain gymnastics (mean 2.18), with p=0.000, respectively. .Conclusions: Brain gymnastic with light intensity for 10 minutes per exercise with frequency of 3 times a week is more effective in improving the cognitive function of the elderly compared with brain gymnastic with medium intensity for 15 minutes per exercise with frequency of 2 times a week.
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Helphrey, Jessica H., Cassidy M. Adams, Leah N. Smith, Jennifer Sawyer, Leigh A. Fierro, Sarah Edzards, Allyson M. Coldiron, and Michael D. Barnett. "QUALITY OF CONTACT WITH OLDER ADULTS AND KNOWLEDGE ABOUT AGING ARE ASSOCIATED WITH LOWER AGEISM AMONG YOUNG ADULTS." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.317.
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Abstract Ageism refers to stereotypes about and prejudice against individuals on the basis of age. Ageism among young adults may be different than other forms of intolerance simply because age changes; that is, young adults will grow older, and they will eventually become a member of what is presently an outgroup (i.e., older adults). The purpose of this study was to investigate whether ageism among young adults (N = 623) is more closely associated with future-oriented variables (i.e., optimism and fear of death) or whether ageism more closely resembles an outgroup attitude, which like other outgroup attitudes is mitigated by knowledge about and quality of contact with those outgroup members. Bivariate correlations found that knowledge of aging, quality of contact with older adults, and optimism were associated with lower ageism. In a multiple regression analysis, only knowledge about aging and quality of contact with older adults were associated with lower ageism. Overall, the results suggest that ageism represents more of an outgroup attitude rather than a future-oriented attitude. These results support the contact hypothesis in that knowledge of aging and quality of contact with older adults were associated with lower ageism among young adults. Education about aging and quality contact with older adults may be effective ways to reduce ageism among young adults.
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Garbaccio, Juliana Ladeira, Luís Antônio Batista Tonaco, Wilson Goulart Estêvão, and Bárbara Jacome Barcelos. "Aging and quality of life of elderly people in rural areas." Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem 71, suppl 2 (2018): 724–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0149.
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ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the quality of life and health of elderly in rural areas of Minas Gerais State’s center-west. Method: Cross-sectional study, in four municipalities of Minas Gerais State, by interviewing elderly people. Associations between socio-demographic and quality of life variables were tested, separated into “satisfactory”/“unsatisfactory” with values from the median of positive answers. It was used the chi-square test, Fisher’s test and regression. Results: 182 elderly answered the questions and showed a relation with the “satisfactory” quality of life - bivariate (p < 0.05): age by 69 years (61.6%), married (61.7%), living by 54 years in rural areas (68%), with no financial support (59.5%), living with someone else (61%), non-smoker (60%), presenting good health (76.7%), satisfied with life (69.6%); regression: not having financial support, living with someone else and not smoking. Conclusion: Elderly people in rural areas present good quality of life/health in the cognitive aspect, access to services, goods, habits, but awareness must be constant due to their weakness.
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DAWES, SHARRON E., BARTON W. PALMER, MATTHEW A. ALLISON, THEODORE G. GANIATS, and DILIP V. JESTE. "Social desirability does not confound reports of wellbeing or of socio-demographic attributes by older women." Ageing and Society 31, no. 3 (November 22, 2010): 438–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x10001029.
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ABSTRACTThis study assesses the relationship of social desirability response bias with self-reported physical, mental and cognitive health, successful ageing, and socio-demographic attributes among 1,860 older women at the University of California, San Diego's Clinical Center for the Women's Health Initiative and the Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging. The women were aged between 57 and 91 years and lived in the San Diego community. Measures included a ten-item Marlowe–Crowne Social Desirability Scale, and self-report scales of physical, mental and cognitive health, successful ageing and wellbeing, as well as standard socio-demographic attributes. Bivariate correlation and multiple regression models indicated that social desirability scores negatively associated with self-reported levels of hostility, anxiety, perceived stress and self-reported cognitive failures, and that they predicted additional variance in multiple regression analyses above models containing socio-demographic predictors alone. On the other hand, even the strongest associations were what are generally considered ‘small effects’ (r<0.30). Overall, while the findings support the general validity of most of the self-report measures in studies of normal and successful ageing, consideration of social desirability response bias in the interpretation of self-reports of low levels of some key constructs (anxiety, hostility, stress, self-perceived cognitive deficits) is warranted.
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Tian, Xiaocao, Chunsheng Xu, Yili Wu, Jianping Sun, Haiping Duan, Dongfeng Zhang, Baofa Jiang, Zengchang Pang, Shuxia Li, and Qihua Tan. "Genetic and Environmental Influences on Pulmonary Function and Muscle Strength: The Chinese Twin Study of Aging." Twin Research and Human Genetics 20, no. 1 (January 20, 2017): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/thg.2016.97.
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Genetic and environmental influences on predictors of decline in daily functioning, including forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), handgrip, and five-times-sit-to-stand test (FTSST), have not been addressed in the aging Chinese population. We performed classical twin modeling on FEV1, FVC, handgrip, and FTSST in 379 twin pairs (240 MZ and 139 DZ) with median age of 50 years (40–80 years). Data were analyzed by fitting univariate and bivariate twin models to estimate the genetic and environmental influences on these measures of physical function. Heritability was moderate for FEV1, handgrip, and FTSST (55–60%) but insignificant for FVC. Only FVC showed moderate control, with shared environmental factors accounting for about 50% of the total variance. In contrast, all measures of pulmonary function and muscle strength showed modest influences from the unique environment (40–50%). Bivariate analysis showed highly positive genetic correlations between FEV1 and FVC (rG = 1.00), and moderately negative genetic correlations between FTSST and FEV1 (rG = −0.33) and FVC (rG = −0.42). FEV1 and FVC, as well as FEV1 and handgrip, displayed high common environmental correlations (rC = 1.00), and there were moderate correlations between FVC and handgrip (rC = 0.44). FEV1 and FVC showed high unique environmental correlations (rE = 0.76) and low correlations between handgrip and FEV1 (rE = 0.17), FVC (rE = 0.14), and FTSST (rE = −0.13) with positive or negative direction. We conclude that genetic factors contribute significantly to the individual differences in common indicators of daily functioning (FEV1, handgrip, and FTSST). FEV1 and FVC were genetically and environmentally correlated. Pulmonary function and FTSST may share similar sets of genes but in the negative direction. Pulmonary function and muscle strength may have a shared environmental background.
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Buys, David R., Marion W. Evans, Richard E. Kennedy, Julie Locher, Katie Buys, and Cynthia J. Brown. "NUTRITIONAL RISK IS ASSOCIATED WITH LOW BACK PAIN AMONG OLDER ADULTS: RESULTS FROM THE UAB STUDY OF AGING." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S716. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.2628.
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Abstract Poor nutritional status is associated with adverse health outcomes across the life course, affecting older adults’ ability to maintain overall well-being, limiting physical strength, and affecting mobility. International research has demonstrated associations between nutritional risk and general musculoskeletal pain; however, no research has explored relationships between nutritional risk and low back pain. Using the University of Alabama-Birmingham Study of Aging, we examined this relationship among 1000 community-dwelling older Alabamians (65+years). We used the DETERMINE Checklist, a well-validated nutritional risk assessment and assessed presence and severity of low back pain over the past 4 weeks. We completed univariate and bivariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression, adjusting for factors significant in the bivariate analyses: sex, body mass index, depression, and co-morbidities. More than half of the participants were at nutritional risk (55.2%). In multivariate analyses, one point increases in nutritional risk were associated with a 14% increase in the likelihood of low back pain 95% CI (1.087,1.213); in categorical analyses, moderate nutritional risk and high nutritional risk were associated with an increase in likelihood of low back pain [46% (95% CI 1.07,2.02) and 164% (95% CI 1.80,3.94), respectively]. While this cross-sectional analysis should be interpreted cautiously, it further emphasizes the importance of nutritional health for older adults. Clinicians treating patients with low back pain or nutritional risk may consider assessing for the other condition. When nutritional risk is detected, clinicians should refer to services such as counseling with a registered dietitian or to a social worker for assistance identifying community-based nutritional supports.
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Ji, Xinyang, Shunhou Fan, and Wei Fan. "Parameter Estimation for a Class of Lifetime Models." Abstract and Applied Analysis 2014 (2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/950401.
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Our purpose in this paper is to present a better method of parametric estimation for a bivariate nonlinear regression model, which takes the performance indicator of rubber aging as the dependent variable and time and temperature as the independent variables. We point out that the commonly used two-step method (TSM), which splits the model and estimate parameters separately, has limitation. Instead, we apply the Marquardt’s method (MM) to implement parametric estimation directly for the model and compare these two methods of parametric estimation by random simulation. Our results show that MM has better effect of data fitting, more reasonable parametric estimates, and smaller prediction error compared with TSM.
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Santos, Emelynne Gabrielly de Oliveira, Yonara Oliveira Monique da Costa Oliveira, Ulicélia Nascimento de Azevedo, Aryelly Dayane da Silva Nunes, Ana Edimilda Amador, and Isabelle Ribeiro Barbosa. "Spatial temporal analysis of mortality by suicide among the elderly in Brazil." Revista Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia 20, no. 6 (December 2017): 845–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1981-22562017020.170115.
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Abstract Objective: to perform spatiotemporal analysis of suicide mortality in the elderly in Brazil. Methods: a mixed ecological study was carried out in which deaths from suicide among the elderly were analyzed using data from the Mortality Information System (MIS) and socio-demographic variables, from 2000 to 2014, with a trend analysis of this period. Univariate and bivariate spatial analysis was performed using the Moran Global and Moran Map index to evaluate the intensity and significance of spatial clusters. Results: there were 19,806 deaths due to suicide among the elderly in Brazil between 2000 and 2014. The ratio of male and female mortality rates was 4:1, with increasing trends for both genders (R2>0.8), but with greater intensity among men (p=0.0293). There was a moderate autocorrelation for men (I>0.40), with clusters forming for both genders in the south of Brazil. Bivariate analysis showed the formation of clusters in the southern region with the Human Development Index and aging variables and in the north and northeast regions based on dependence and illiteracy ratio. Conclusions: mortality due to suicide among the elderly has a tendency to increase and is unequally distributed in Brazil.
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Isaacson, Michal, Ashwin Tripathi, Tannistha Samanta, Lisa D’Ambrosio, and Joseph Coughlin. "Giving Voice to the Environment as the Silent Partner in Aging: Examining the Moderating Roles of Gender and Family Structure in Older Adult Wellbeing." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 12 (June 18, 2020): 4373. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124373.
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Gerontological scholarship has long seen the environment to be a silent partner in aging. Environmental Gerontology, an established approach in Social Gerontology, has shown how the everyday lives of older adults are deeply entangled in socio-spatial environments. Adopting an Environmental Gerontology approach, we explore social and cultural dimensions of the association between out-of-home mobility and wellbeing among older adults in a north western city of India. This was established by combining high resolution time-space data collected using GPS receivers, questionnaire data and time diaries. Following a multi-staged analytical strategy, we first examine the correlation between out-of-home mobility and wellbeing using bivariate correlation. Second, we introduce gender and family structure into regression models as moderating variables to improve the models’ explanatory power. Finally, we use our results to reinterpret the Ecological Press Model of Aging to include familial structure as a factor that moderates environmental stress. Findings emphasize the central role that social constructs play in the long-established relationship between the environment and the wellbeing of older adults.
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Arango, Doris Cardona, Angela Segura Cardona, María Garzón Duque, Alejandra Segura Cardona, and Sara María Cano Sierra. "Health status of elderly persons of Antioquia, Colombia." Revista Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia 19, no. 1 (February 2016): 71–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-9823.2016.14199.
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Objective The health needs of older adults constitute challenges for health monitoring and care, resulting in increased costs. The present study therefore sought to analyze the health status of the elderly to enable targeting and intervention, in the pursuit of healthy aging for all. Method A quantitative observational cross-sectional study using a primary source was performed in 2012. A total of 4,248 adults aged over 60 years of age residing in the nine regions of Antioquia, Colombia, and the capital city were surveyed. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis was performed of statistical and epidemiological measures, based on confidence intervals and statistical tests under 5%. Results One in four individuals had a risk of depression, one in three were at risk of anxiety, eight out of ten had cognitive impairment, mainly mild, and the same proportion were at nutritional risk. The elderly persons suffered from all types of abuse, notably psychological. Conclusions Thehealth status ofelderly personsis more affectedbymental than physical healthrisks, indicatingthatpublic policy anda better distribution ofresourcesshould be aimed at seeking animprovement in qualityof life anddignified aging, differentiated byregion.
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Duggan, Emily C., Andrea M. Piccinin, Sean Clouston, Andriy V. Koval, Annie Robitaille, Andrea R. Zammit, Chenkai Wu, et al. "A Multi-study Coordinated Meta-analysis of Pulmonary Function and Cognition in Aging." Journals of Gerontology: Series A 74, no. 11 (March 2, 2019): 1793–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glz057.
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Abstract Background Substantial research is dedicated to understanding the aging-related dynamics among individual differences in level, change, and variation across physical and cognitive abilities. Evaluating replicability and synthesizing these findings has been limited by differences in measurements and samples, and by study design and statistical analyses confounding between-person differences with within-person changes. In this article, we conducted a coordinated analysis and summary meta-analysis of new results on the aging-related dynamics linking pulmonary function and cognitive performance. Methods We performed coordinated analysis of bivariate growth models in data from 20,586 participants across eight longitudinal studies to examine individual differences in baseline level, rate of change, and occasion-specific variability in pulmonary and cognitive functioning. Results were summarized using meta-analysis. Results We found consistent but weak baseline and longitudinal associations in levels of pulmonary and cognitive functioning, but no associations in occasion-specific variability. Conclusions Results provide limited evidence for a consistent link between simultaneous changes in pulmonary and cognitive function in a normal aging population. Further research is required to understand patterns of onset of decline and differences in rates of change within and across physical and cognitive functioning domains, both within-individuals and across countries and birth cohorts. Coordinated analysis provides an efficient and rigorous approach for replicating and comparing results across independent longitudinal studies.
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Hirdes, John P., and William F. Forbes. "Estimates of the Relative Risk of Mortality Based on the Ontario Longitudinal Study of Aging." Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement 8, no. 3 (1989): 222–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0714980800008850.
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ABSTRACTData from the Ontario Longitudinal Study of Aging were analyzed to examine the associations of the independent variables income, income change, education, smoking and perceived health with the dependent variable mortality during a ten year follow-up beginning in 1969. The analyses investigate the associations of the independent variables with deaths, with other causes of attrition and with all causes of attrition. The results indicate that smoking is the strongest predictor of mortality, and income is the strongest socioeconomic predictor. The analyses also show that perceived health measured prior to the mortality follow-up masks the association between the independent variables and mortality. Since the exclusion of the perceived health variable did not appreciably reduce the fit of the models, it was omitted from further analyses. The distributions of mortality for the various independent variables differed appreciably between models using deaths and all causes, but the bivariate and multivariate associations between variables were relatively unaffected by the alternative methods of operationalizing the dependent variable.
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Drewes, Jochen, Phil C. Langer, Jennifer Ebert, Dieter Kleiber, and Burkhard Gusy. "Sociodemographic, HIV-Related Characteristics, and Health Care Factors as Predictors of Self-Reported Vaccination Coverage in a Nationwide Sample of People Aging with HIV in Germany." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 9 (May 4, 2021): 4901. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094901.
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Preventing infectious diseases through vaccination becomes more significant among the growing population of people aging with HIV. Coverage rates for vaccinations and factors associated with vaccination utilization among this population in Germany are unknown. We assessed the coverage of eight recommended vaccinations in a certain time frame in our convenience sample of 903 people living with HIV aged 50 years and older. We analysed coverage rates and used bivariate and multiple linear regression analyses to identify factors associated with number of reported vaccinations. Coverage rates in our sample ranged between 51.0% for meningococcus disease and 84.6% for the triple vaccination against tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis. All rates were higher compared to the German general population. Seven factors were related to the number of vaccinations in multiple regression analysis: sexual orientation, education, relationship status, CD4 count, time since last visit to HIV specialist, type of HIV specialist, and distance to HIV specialist. Vaccination coverage among people aging with HIV in Germany is high, but not optimal. To improve vaccination uptake, strengthened efforts need to be focused on female and heterosexual male patients, socioeconomically disadvantaged patients, and patients with barriers to access regular HIV care.
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DiPietro, Loretta, Teresa E. Seeman, Susan S. Merrill, and Lisa F. Berkman. "Physical Activity and Measures of Cognitive Function in Healthy Older Adults: The MacArthur Study of Successful Aging." Journal of Aging and Physical Activity 4, no. 4 (October 1996): 362–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/japa.4.4.362.
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To investigate the association between physical activity and cognitive ability, cross-sectional data from a representative cohort of 1,189 adults (70–79 years old) participating in the MacArthur Study of Successful Aging were examined. The frequency of current house/yardwork and recreational activities was assessed using five categories of responses. A total physical activity score was derived, and cognitive ability was assessed. The total physical activity score showed a modest yet significant bivariate correlation with the total cognitive ability score. In the multivariate analysis, physical activity showed a significant association with the total cognitive ability score, independent of gender, self-rated health, average peak expiratory flow rate, body mass index, number of current social relationships, and visual contacts in the past month. When education was added to the model, however, the effect of physical activity was substantially diminished. Higher levels of physical activity appear to be associated with some cognitive benefits among a population of healthy older adults, although this association is influenced strongly by their joint association with education.
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Kemperman, Astrid, Pauline van den Berg, Minou Weijs-Perrée, and Kevin Uijtdewillegen. "Loneliness of Older Adults: Social Network and the Living Environment." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 3 (January 31, 2019): 406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16030406.
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The social participation and integration of older adults are important aspects of healthy aging. However, in general, older adults have smaller social networks than their younger counterparts due to changes in their life cycle stage, such as retirement or age-related losses, along with a declining health and increasing mobility limitations. Consequently, with increasing age, an increasing proportion of older people experience feelings of loneliness and social isolation. Previous studies that have analyzed the relationships between loneliness, social networks, and the living environment have often been based on bivariate relationships or included only a limited number of variables. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze multiple relationships in a more comprehensive framework. Data were collected using a survey among 182 adults aged 65 years and over in the Netherlands. A Bayesian belief network (BBN) modeling approach was used that derives all direct and indirect relationships between the variables. The results showed that feelings of loneliness are directly related to satisfaction with one’s social network and neighborhood attachment and are indirectly related to perceived safety and satisfaction with local amenities and services. This knowledge is relevant to urban planners and policy makers who focus on creating livable and healthy social neighborhoods for the aging population.
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Lockhart, Thurmon E., Jeffrey C. Woldstad, and James L. Smith. "Relationship between Transitional Acceleration of the Whole Body Center-Of-Mass and Friction Demand Characteristic during Gait." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 46, no. 13 (September 2002): 1186–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120204601338.
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A laboratory study was conducted to examine the gait changes associated with aging and the effect of these changes on initiation of slips, initial friction demand, and slip distance utilizing newly defined biomechanical parameters of slips and falls. Twenty-eight subjects from two age groups (young and old) walked around a circular track at a comfortable pace wearing a safety harness. Slippery floor surface was automatically placed on the walking track over force platforms at “unexpected” random time intervals utilizing remote controlled floor changer. Synchronized kinetic and kinematic measures were obtained on both slippery and non-slippery floor surfaces. The results indicated that older subjects step length was significantly shorter, and transitional acceleration of the whole body center-of-mass (COM) was significantly slower than their younger counterparts. Older subjects initial friction demand as measured by required coefficient friction (RCOF) was not significantly different than their younger counterparts. Additionally, older subjects slipped longer and faster than younger subjects. Bivariate correlation analyses suggested that transitional acceleration of the whole body COM was significantly related to friction demand characteristic (e.g., RCOF). These findings suggest that gait changes associated with aging (especially slower transition of the whole body COM) may affect initiation of slip-induced falls among older adults.
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Yunita, Jasrida, Nurlisis Nurlisis, and Wulan Sari. "Determinants of the quality of life among pre-elderly and elderly population." International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) 8, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v8i3.20246.
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<p>Health problems will appear along with the increasing aging of someone that can reduce the quality of life. Many factors can decreases in quality of life. The purpose of this study was to find the determinants of the quality of life to the pre-elderly and elderly population in the working area of Harapan Raya public health center Pekanbaru, Riau, Indonesia. The design of the research was cross sectional in the pre-elderly population (45–59 years) and the elderly population (60 years and above). There were 103 respondents participated in this study gathared with consecutive sampling techniques. Quality of life was measured using WHOQOL SF-36 questionnaire. Independent variables were body mass index, physical activity, chronic disease, smoking behavior, employment status, residence status, marital status, education, age, and sex. Data were analyzed by univariate, bivariate with Chi square test, and multivariate with multiple logistic regression. The proportion of subjects with low quality of life was 18.4%. Variables related to bivariate were body mass index, smoking behavior, chronic disease, employment status, and sex. Chronic disease (OR=5.5; 95% CI=1.173–25.674) significantly affected the quality of life after being controlled by sex. The quality of life could be explained by this factor about 17%. It is necessary to manage chronic diseases in the public health center and provide information to the pre-elderly and the elderly through counseling, print and electronic media.</p>
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Peel, Claire, Patricia Sawyer Baker, David L. Roth, Cynthia J. Brown, Eric V. Bodner, and Richard M. Allman. "Assessing Mobility in Older Adults: The UAB Study of Aging Life-Space Assessment." Physical Therapy 85, no. 10 (October 1, 2005): 1008–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ptj/85.10.1008.
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Abstract Background and Purpose. The University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) Study of Aging Life-Space Assessment (LSA) is a relatively new instrument to measure mobility. The purpose of this report is to describe the relationships between LSA and traditional measures of physical function, sociodemographic characteristics, depression, and cognitive status. Subjects. Subjects were a stratified random sample of 998 Medicare beneficiaries aged ≥65 years. The sample was 50% African American, 50% male, and 50% from rural (versus urban) counties. Methods. In-home interviews were conducted. Mobility was measured using the LSA, which documents where and how often subjects travel and any assistance needed during the 4 weeks prior to the assessment. Basic activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), cognitive status, income level, presence of depressive symptoms, and transportation resources were determined. The Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) was used to assess physical performance. Results. Simple bivariate correlations indicated a significant relationship between LSA and all variables except residence (rural versus urban). In a regression model, physical function (ADL, IADL) and physical performance (SPPB) accounted for 45.5% of the variance in LSA scores. An additional 12.7% of the variance was explained by sociodemographic variables, and less than 1% was explained by cognition and depressive symptoms. Discussion and Conclusion. The LSA can be used to document patients' mobility within their home and community. The LSA scores are associated with a person's physical capacity and other factors that may limit mobility. These scores can be used in combination with other tests and measures to generate clinical hypotheses to explain mobility deficits and to plan appropriate interventions to address these deficits.
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Snitz, Beth E., Brent J. Small, Tianxiu Wang, Chung-Chou H. Chang, Tiffany F. Hughes, and Mary Ganguli. "Do Subjective Memory Complaints Lead or Follow Objective Cognitive Change? A Five-Year Population Study of Temporal Influence." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 21, no. 9 (October 2015): 732–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617715000922.
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AbstractThe relationship between subjective memory complaints (SM) and objective memory (OM) performance in aging has been variably characterized in a substantial literature, to date. In particular, cross-sectional studies often observe weak or no associations. We investigated whether subjective memory complaints and objectively measured cognition influence each other over time, and if so, which is the stronger pathway of change—objective to subjective, or subjective to objective—or whether they are both important. Using bivariate latent change score modeling in data from a population study (N=1980) over 5 annual assessment cycles, we tested four corresponding hypotheses: (1) no coupling between SM and OM over time; (2) SM as leading indicator of change in OM; (3) OM as leading indicator of change in SM; (4) dual coupling over time, with both SM and OM leading subsequent change in the other. We also extended objective cognition to two other domains, language and executive functions. The dual-coupling models best fit the data for all three objective cognitive domains. The SM–OM temporal dynamics differ qualitatively compared to other domains, potentially reflecting changes in insight and self-awareness specific to memory impairment. Subjective memory and objective cognition reciprocally influence each other over time. The temporal dynamics between subjective and objective cognition in aging are nuanced, and must be carefully disentangled to shed light on the underlying processes. (JINS, 2015, 21, 732–742)
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Gates, Phillip E., Christopher L. Gentile, Douglas R. Seals, and Demetra D. Christou. "Adiposity Contributes to Differences in Left Ventricular Structure and Diastolic Function with Age in Healthy Men." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 88, no. 10 (October 1, 2003): 4884–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2003-030673.
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Abstract We sought to examine the influence of adiposity in age-associated changes in the left ventricle (LV) in a cohort of 113 healthy men, aged 20–79 yr, by measuring LV structure and diastolic function (echocardiography), whole body composition, and regional adiposity (dual energy x-ray absorptiometry). Aging was associated with increased levels of adiposity, greater wall thickness to chamber radius ratio, LV concentric remodeling, and reduced LV diastolic function (all P < 0.05). Bivariate correlation analysis showed that mean LV wall thickness, a concentric LV morphology, and diastolic function were related to adiposity (r = −0.63 to 0.51; all P < 0.05). The relation between age and both mean LV wall thickness and concentric remodeling was reduced after controlling for percentage total body fat (by 38% and 54%, respectively), percentage abdominal fat (by 42% and 62%), and the abdominal/thigh fat ratio (by 35% and 46%). The diastolic function-age relation was reduced after controlling for percentage total body fat (by 35%), percentage abdominal fat (by 39%), and the abdominal/thigh fat ratio (by 29%). There were no apparent differences in the contribution of percentage total body fat, percentage abdominal fat, or abdominal/thigh fat to the association between age and LV structure/diastolic function. We conclude that increasing adiposity contributes to the LV remodeling/reduced diastolic function that occurs with aging in healthy men.
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Cheng, Kent Jason G., and Janet M. Wilmoth. "SOCIOECONOMIC DETERMINANTS OF INFORMAL CAREGIVING IN INDIA." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S488. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.1811.
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Abstract This study investigates the socio-economic determinants of informal caregiving for elderly parents in urban India, with a focus on caste differences. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models of caregiving are estimated with data from 2011 data of Osaka University’s Preference Parameters Study. Three types of caregiving are examined: helping with housework, financial assistance, and providing care. The control variables include: age, sex, marital status, wealth, religiosity, self-rated health, parents requiring care, number of siblings, and number of co-resident children. The bivariate analysis indicates that the highest caste is significantly less likely than the lowest caste to help with housework (OR=.734, SE=.127). In the fully specified models, there is not a significant difference between caste groups in the likelihood of helping with housework or providing financial assistance, but the highest caste is more likely than the lowest caste to provide care (OR=1.443, SE=.309). Being female and married significantly lowers the odds of each type of caregiving. Wealth increases the likelihood of providing help with housework and financial assistance. When both parents require care, children are more likely to provide financial assistance and help with housework, but when one parent requires care, children are more likely to provide care. Overall, sex, marital status, and wealth are the strongest predictors of helping with housework and financial assistance, whereas sex, marital status, and caste are the most important predictors of providing care. The implications of these findings for aging parents and adult children in urban India are discussed.
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Forbes, W. F., N. Agwani, and P. Lachmaniuk. "Geochemical Risk Factors for Mental Functioning, Based on the Ontario Longitudinal Study of Aging (LSA) IV. The Role of Silicon-Containing Compounds." Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement 14, no. 4 (1995): 630–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0714980800016366.
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AbstractFollowing previous studies on the associations between aluminium (Al) water concentrations and relatively high risks of a measure of mental impairment, the role of silica (SiO2) as a possible confounding variable is investigated. The bivariate associations show that the lowest odds, representing an approximation of relative risks, are observed at “mild” SiO2concentrations. Multivariate analyses indicate that, if interaction terms are included, the odds comparing higher and lower SiO2concentrations are different than if an interaction term is not included. There are also indications that at relatively high Al levels, high SiO2concentrations lower the odds, consistent with previous suggestions by Birchall. The implication is that when investigating the role of Al in the etiology of various measures of mental impairment, it is important to consider the effects of other water constituents, and also the different chemical forms of Al present in treated water. The desirability of additional work is stressed, preferably using more definitive outcomes than indications of mental impairment.
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Pronk, Marieke, Birgit I. Lissenberg-Witte, Hilde P. A. van der Aa, Hannie C. Comijs, Cas Smits, Ulrike Lemke, Adriana A. Zekveld, and Sophia E. Kramer. "Longitudinal Relationships Between Decline in Speech-in-Noise Recognition Ability and Cognitive Functioning: The Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 62, no. 4S (April 26, 2019): 1167–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2018_jslhr-h-ascc7-18-0120.
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Purpose Various directional hypotheses for the observed links between aging, hearing, and cognition have been proposed: (a) cognitive load on perception hypothesis, (b) information degradation hypothesis, (c) sensory deprivation hypothesis, and (d) common cause hypothesis. Supporting evidence for all 4 hypotheses has been reported. No studies have modeled the corresponding 4 causal pathways into 1 single model, which would be required to evidence that multiple directional hypotheses apply. The aim of the current study was to tease out which pathways apply for 5 different cognitive measures. Method Data from 1,029 respondents of the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam were used spanning a maximum follow-up of 7 years (3 measurements). Speech-in-noise recognition ability (digit triplet speech-in-noise test) was included as a measure of auditory function. Cognitive measures included global cognitive functioning, fluid intelligence, information processing speed, and verbal memory (immediate recall and retention). Bivariate dual change score modeling was used to model the causal pathways between hearing, cognition, and baseline age. Results For information processing speed, global cognitive functioning, fluid intelligence, and memory-immediate recall, all pathways except for the sensory deprivation pathway were supported. For memory-retention, only the common cause and the sensory deprivation pathways were supported. Conclusions Causal pathways corresponding to all 4 hypotheses were supported. Support for the common cause hypothesis, the information degradation hypothesis, and the cognitive load on perception hypotheses was found for 4 of 5 cognitive measures. This was unexpected in some cases (e.g., support for the information degradation pathway for cognitive measures that do not rely on auditory stimuli). The sensory deprivation pathway that emerged for memory-retention might point toward processes related to early stages of dementia. In summary, the results show that the links between decline in auditory function, cognition, and aging are complex and most likely are captured by pathways belonging to various directional hypotheses.
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Meng, Hongdao, Lindsay J. Peterson, Lijuan Feng, Debra Dobbs, and Kathryn Hyer. "The Use of Mobility Devices and Personal Assistance: A Joint Modeling Approach." Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine 5 (January 2019): 233372141988529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2333721419885291.
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Objective: To examine whether mobility device use substitutes for personal assistance among U.S. older adults. Method: Using the National Health and Aging Trends Study, we identified 3,211 community-living older adults (aged 65 and older) who reported mobility difficulties at baseline. We used recursive bivariate probit models to simultaneously estimate the effect of covariates on the likelihood of using (a) mobility devices and (b) personal assistance to accommodate mobility difficulty. Independent variables included age, gender, race, physical/mental health status, cognition, and comorbidities. Results: Predictors of the use of personal assistance and mobility devices exhibit important similarities and differences. Device use reduced the odds of receiving personal assistance by 50% (odds ratio [OR] = 0.50, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.29, 0.86]). Discussion: Findings suggest device use substitutes for personal assistance. Practitioners and policymakers should promote the appropriate use of mobility devices while recognizing the importance of assistance with some groups and the potential of increasing mobility device use.
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Sattari, Negin, Anisha Upadhya, Karla Vinces, and Sara Mednick. "058 The interactions of Sleep, Heart Rate Variability and Aging on an Emotional Directed Forgetting Memory Task." Sleep 44, Supplement_2 (May 1, 2021): A24—A25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsab072.057.
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Abstract Introduction The ability to forget information plays an important role in our daily lives. Sleep plays a role in memory formation and as we age, sleep-quality and memory decrease. For emotional memory a drop in preference for negative stimuli is presented with aging. Heart-rate variability (HRV), a measurement of cardiac autonomic-activity, has been related to cognitive processes. It is unknown how HRV impacts sleep-dependent memory updates in older adults. Here, we investigated HRV and sleep-related emotional memory updates in the context of aging using a Directed-Forgetting (DF) paradigm. Methods We tested younger [N=105,18-25yr] and older adults [N=119,60-85yr]. Subjects encoded a DF Word-Paired task, in which either negatively/neutrally-valenced word-pairs were cued to-be-remembered (Retain) or forgotten (Alter) for a later test. They then took a polysomnographically-recorded (PSG) nap including HRV. Next, recognition was tested. Memory for both Retain and Alter words was measured. We compared memory, sleep-quality measured by Sleep-Efficiency (SE) and HRV, measured by normalized High-Frequency (HFnu), an indicator of parasympathetic activity. Bivariate correlations were used to measure the associations. Results Younger adults showed greater performance on both Retain and Alter word-pairs (p<.001) with being able to better forget Alter word-pairs only for the negative-condition (p<.001). Younger adults had a higher SE (p<.001) and a higher HRV-HFnu in both Stage2 (p=.02) and Stage3 (p =.03). Only for older adults in the neutral-condition, we found correlations between memory and sleep [Retain: r(20)=.52, p=.01; Alter: r(20) =.51, p=.01]. Finally, among younger adults, in Stage 2, memory was related to HFnu for both neutral [Retain: r(17) = .46, p=.05] and negative-condition [Retain: r(25) = -.41, p =.03; Alter: r(25) = -.39, p =.05]. No correlations were found for older adults(all ps>.11). Conclusion Our result indicate a possible loss of the ability to intentionally forget irrelevant information among older adults and a role for the saliency to forget irrelevant items among younger adults. In addition, aging brain may benefit from sleep only for the neutrally-valenced items; the memory biased seen in aging. Finally, for younger adults HRV may be related to memory updates and its role depends on specific sleep stages however this association is faded away with aging. Support (if any):
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Cheung, Ethan Siu Leung, and Ada Mui. "Gender, Cognitive Status, and Depressive Symptoms: Findings From the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.203.
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Abstract This secondary research is based on the Wave 3 National Social Life, Health and Aging Project (n = 3,104). The association between cognition, gender, and depressive symptomatology were examined. Findings indicate that 54% of the sample were women and the mean age was 72.95 (SD=8.29). Bivariate analyses suggest that there were no gender differences in cognitive status (Mean of MoCA Short Form = 9.73; SD = 3.26), age, and stress (Mean of PSS = 7.69; SD = 3.90). There were significant gender differences in terms of marital status, income, education, stressors, social participation, and social support. Compared to older men, older women reported a significantly lower level of both education and income. Multiple regression results show that gender has an independent effect and a joint effect with stressors in explaining depressive symptoms. Parallel regression analyses for each gender group were conducted and models were significant (P < .0001). The only common predictor for depressive symptoms was ADL impairment, and the impact of this was stronger for males (b=.32) than for females (b=.17). For older men, unique correlates of depressive symptoms were being not married, more ADL and cognitive impairments, and higher stress. For older women, a higher level of depressive symptoms was associated with being younger, lower-income, a higher level of ADL and IADL impairments. In addition, white elderly women reported a higher level of depressive symptoms than Asian elderly women. Findings suggest gender and racial differences in depressive symptoms experienced among older Americans living in the community.
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Turner, Robert W., Amanda Sonnega, Tim Cupery, Joshua Chodosh, Keith E. Whitfield, David Weir, and James S. Jackson. "Functional Limitations Mediate the Relationship Between Pain and Depressive Symptoms in Former NFL Athletes." American Journal of Men's Health 13, no. 5 (September 14, 2019): 155798831987682. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988319876825.
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The objective of this study was to analyze data from the National Football League Player Care Foundation Study of Retired NFL Players to understand potential risks for depressive symptoms in former athletes by investigating the relationship between pain and depressive symptoms in a multivariate context, while simultaneously exploring the potential connection with functional limitations. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the study sample and to conduct bivariate comparisons by race and age cohort. Linear regression models were conducted in the subsample of respondents reporting on depressive symptoms using the PHQ-9. Models examine the relationship of bodily pain, injury as a reason for retirement or not re-signing with a team, length of NFL career, sociodemographic characteristics, chronic conditions, and functional limitations to depression. Interaction terms tested whether race and age moderated the effect of bodily pain and functional limitations on depressive symptoms. Bivariate associations revealed no significant differences between younger and older former players in indicators of pain and only slightly higher functional limitations among younger former players. In the multivariate models, pain was significantly associated with depressive symptoms (β = 0.36; p < .01), net of a range of relevant controls. Adding an index of functional limitations reduced this association by nearly half (β = 0.20; p < .01) and functional limitations was significantly associated with depressive symptoms (β = 0.40; p < .01). No statistically significant interactions were found. Overall, bodily pain was strongly associated with depressive symptoms. After accounting for the effects of functional limitations, this association was notably reduced. These results may be useful in identifying aging-related physical declines in relatively younger adult men who may be at the greatest risk for depression. They highlight how physical functionality and activity may mitigate the risk of depression, even in the presence of significant bodily pain.
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Lehrer, H. Matthew, Lauren Chu, Martica Hall, and Kyle Murdock. "009 Self-Reported Sleep Efficiency and Duration are Associated with Systemic Bioenergetic Function in Community-Dwelling Adults." Sleep 44, Supplement_2 (May 1, 2021): A4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsab072.008.
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Abstract Introduction Sleep is important for aging, health, and disease, but its cellular role in these outcomes is poorly understood. Basic research suggests that disturbed and insufficient sleep impair mitochondrial bioenergetics, which is involved in numerous aging-related chronic conditions. However, the relationship between sleep and bioenergetics has not been examined in humans. We examined associations of self-reported sleep with systemic bioenergetic function in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of community-dwelling adults. Methods N = 43 adults (79% female) ages 48–70 (M = 61.63, SD = 5.99) completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) from which key components of sleep (satisfaction, alertness, timing, efficiency, and duration) were calculated. Participants provided blood samples from which PBMCs were isolated and measured for bioenergetics using extracellular flux analysis. Associations of sleep components with bioenergetic parameters, including the Bioenergetic Health Index (BHI), were examined. Results In bivariate analyses, lower sleep efficiency was associated with lower maximal respiration, spare capacity, and BHI (ps < 0.05). Longer sleep duration was associated with lower BHI (p < 0.01) and later sleep timing was associated with higher basal respiration, ATP-linked respiration, maximal respiration, spare capacity, and non-mitochondrial respiration (ps < 0.05). After adjustment for age, sex, and body mass index, lower sleep efficiency (β = 0.52, p < 0.01) and longer sleep duration (β = -0.43, p < 0.01) were associated with lower BHI. Conclusion Self-reported indices of sleep efficiency and duration are related to systemic bioenergetic function in humans, suggesting a possible cellular pathway linking sleep to health. Support (if any) T32HL082610
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Zahodne, Laura B., Caitlin W. M. Watson, Sonia Seehra, and Michelle N. Martinez. "Positive Psychosocial Factors and Cognition in Ethnically Diverse Older Adults." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 24, no. 3 (September 19, 2017): 294–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617717000935.
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AbstractObjectives: Cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence from largely non-Hispanic White cohorts suggests that positive psychosocial factors, particularly self-efficacy and social support, may protect against late-life cognitive decline. Identifying potentially protective factors in racial/ethnic minority elders is of high importance due to their increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease. The overall goal of this study was to characterize cross-sectional associations between positive psychosocial factors and cognitive domains among Black, Hispanic, and White older adults. Methods: A total of 548 older adults (41% Black, 28% Hispanic, 31% White) in the Washington Heights-Inwood Columbia Aging Project completed cognitive and psychosocial measures from the NIH Toolbox and standard neuropsychological tests. Multiple-group regressions were used to compare cross-sectional associations between positive psychosocial factors and cognition across racial/ethnic groups, independent of demographics, depressive symptoms, and physical health. Results: Positive associations between self-efficacy and language did not significantly differ across race/ethnicity, although the bivariate association between self-efficacy and language was not significant among Hispanics. Additional positive associations were observed for Whites and Blacks, but not Hispanics. Negative associations between emotional support and purpose in life and working memory were seen only in Hispanics. Conclusions: Results confirm and extend the link between self-efficacy and cognition in late life, particularly for White and Black older adults. Previous studies on positive psychosocial factors in cognitive aging may not be generalizable to Hispanics. Longitudinal follow-up is needed to determine whether negative relationships between certain psychosocial factors and cognition in Hispanics reflect reverse causation, threshold effects, and/or negative aspects of having a strong social network. (JINS, 2018, 24, 294–304)
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Jun, Hankyung. "Are the Self-Employed Mentally Healthier Than Salaried Workers? Evidence From Korea, Mexico, and the United States." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 40–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.132.
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Abstract Self-employed workers are often reported to have better health than salaried workers. Whether this is because self-employment has health benefits or healthier workers are self-employed is not clear. Self-employed workers may have higher job satisfaction due to higher levels of self-efficacy and autonomy, but may also experience higher job stress, uncertainty, and lack of health insurance leading to mental health problems. Self-employed workers in the U.S. may have different characteristics than those in Mexico and Korea given different working and living environments as well as different institutional arrangements. This study will examine the association between self-employment and mental and cognitive health for older adults in the U.S., Mexico, and South Korea. It uses harmonized panel data from the Health and Retirement Study, the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging, and the Mexican Health and Aging Study. We compare the health and selection effect of self-employment using a pooled logistic model, fixed-effects model, and a bivariate probit model. In addition to comparing self-employed and salaried workers, we analyze differences between self-employed with and without employees. By using rich data and various models, we address reverse causality and estimate the relationship between self-employment and health. We show that the positive health effects of self-employed workers in the U.S. disappear once controlled for unobserved heterogeneity, indicating the possibility of healthier workers selecting into self-employment. Interestingly, for Korea and Mexico, healthier individuals seem to select into wage work which reflects the difference in working conditions across countries. Further analysis will show effects by business size.
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Lestari, Marselli Widya, and Tri Wahyuni Bintarti. "THE RELATIONSHIP OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS TO URIC ACID LEVEL IN COMMUNITY OF PONDOK PESANTREN AL-HIDAYAH, NGAWI." Medical and Health Science Journal 3, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.33086/mhsj.v3i1.925.
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Gout or Gouty Arthritis is a degenerative disease. Gouty arthritis is a clinical syndrome that is caused by deposition of purine crystals in the tissues, due to levels of uric acid (hyperuricemia) in the extracellular fluid that passes through saturation. The etiology of gout arthritis included age, sex, history of medication, obesity, consumption of purine and alcohol. Aging is an important risk factor for men and women. This study uses an analytical-descriptive approach with cross-sectional design. This study was conducted to obtain a relationship between nutritional status and uric acid levels in the community in the area of Al-Hidayah Islamic Boarding School, Ngawi. This research was conducted in Majasem Village, Kendal District, Ngawi Regency, starting from 7 June - 31 August 2018. The results showed that there was a relationship between nutritional status and uric acid levels in the community in the area of Al-Hidayah Islamic Boarding School, Ngawi (p=0,008). Suggestions for further research are bivariate analysis based on gender, knowledge and attitude to response to diet so that other factors that influence can be seen clearly.
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Dupuis, Josette, Deborah R. Weiss, and Christina Wolfson. "Gender and Transportation Access among Community-Dwelling Seniors." Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement 26, no. 2 (2007): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cja.26.2.149.
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ABSTRACTPurpose: This study estimates the prevalence of problems with transportation in a sample of community-dwelling seniors residing in an urban setting and investigates the role that gender plays in the ability of seniors to remain mobile in their communities.Design and Methods: Data collected as part of a study assessing the prevalence and consequences of unmet needs for community-based services in a random sample of 839 elderly aged 75 years and older were employed in bivariate and multivariable analyses.Results: The prevalence of problems with transportation was 23 per cent, with 33 per cent of females and 10 per cent of males categorized as having problems with transportation. Of those subjects categorized as having problems with transportation, 88 per cent were women. In addition to being predominantly women, those who reported problems with transportation were older, in poorer health, and had lower income and income satisfaction.Implications: Problems with transportation are an important issue facing seniors; women, in particular. These results highlight the differences in aging as experienced by women and men with respect to social effects, needs, and the significance attached to the experience.
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Carmelli, Dorit, and Terry Reed. "Stability and change in genetic and environmental influences on hand-grip strength in older male twins." Journal of Applied Physiology 89, no. 5 (November 1, 2000): 1879–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.2000.89.5.1879.
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The aim of this study was to investigate aging-related changes in the contribution of genetic and environmental influences to hand-grip strength in late adulthood. Subjects in this study are 152 intact twin pairs (77 monozygotic and 75 dizygotic pairs) from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Twin Study assessed repeatedly for hand-grip strength at mean ages of 63 and 73 yr. Structural equation genetic modeling was used to investigate stability and change in the genetic and environmental components of variance of hand-grip strength in late adulthood. Average decline in strength over the 10 yr of follow-up was −1.05 ± 6.8 (SD) kg and was highly significant ( P = 0.003). The test-retest correlation between baseline and follow-up grip strength was 0.62 ( P < 0.001). Bivariate genetic modeling found significant genetic and shared environmental stability in hand-grip strength over the 10 yr of follow-up, with genetic and shared environmental influences accounting for 35 and 48%, respectively, of the test-retest phenotypic correlation. We conclude from these results that stability in hand-grip strength in late adulthood is due primarily to continuity of genetic and familial influences.
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Yuniartika, Wachidah, and Fauzan Muhammad. "Family Support on the Activities of Elderly Hypertension Patients in Elderly Gymnastics Activities." Jurnal Ners 14, no. 3 (January 1, 2020): 354. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jn.v14i3.17213.
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Introduction: The aging process results in decreased body resistance, physiological functions and diseases which attack the elderly, such as hypertension. Elderly gymnastics is a mild exercise that is applied to the elderly. High family support will make the elderly more actively participate in elderly gymnastics activities, and vice versa. The aim of study was to determine the relationship of Family Support to the Activity of Elderly in Pajang Village.Methods: The design of the study was quantitative research with a cross sectional approach. The population of the study was all elderly people with hypertension who were aged 60 years and over who participated in elderly gymnastics, with total sampling at 95 respondents. This was then analyzed using the Kendall’s Tau formula.Results: The majority of family support was enough (38.8%) and the active category (63.2%), with bivariate analysis a value of 0.001 (<0.05), with a magnitude of 0.082.Conclusion: Families can help overcome the problems of the elderly and provide support for exercise activities. Families can also increase self-confidence to improve the health of the elderly. There is a significant relationship of family support for the activeness of elderly hypertension patients in elderly gymnastics activities in Pajang Village.
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Buys, David R., Richard E. Kennedy, Yue Zhang, Julie Locher, and Cynthia J. Brown. "NUTRITIONAL RISK PREDICTS HEALTH SERVICES UTILIZATION AND DEATH OVER 1 YEAR: RESULTS FROM THE UAB STUDY OF AGING II." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.1257.
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Abstract Nutritional risk has been demonstrated to be associated with poor health outcomes, increased risk of health services utilization (HSU), and mortality among older adults. The aim of this study was to assess the prospective relationship between nutritional risk; HSU focusing separately on emergency department visits, hospitalization, and nursing home admission; and mortality. Using the University of Alabama-Birmingham Study of Aging II, we examined this relationship among 419 community-dwelling older Alabamians (75+years). We used the Mini-Nutrition Assessment (MNA), a well-validated nutritional risk assessment, which classifies individuals as either well-nourished, at-risk or malnourished, collected at baseline. We assessed HSU by asking about healthcare encounters since the last monthly follow-up call for 12 months and verified death with family reports and official documents. We completed univariate, bivariate, and Cox proportional hazards regression analyses with one-year of follow-up data, adjusting for social support, social isolation, comorbidities, and demographic variables. Accounting for covariates, being either at-risk or malnourished, relative to well-nourished, was associated with emergency department visits (HR: 1.30, 95% CI:1.14,1.48), hospitalization (HR: 1.58, 95% CI:1.37,1.82), nursing home admission (HR: 8.94, 95% CI:3.99,20.02), and mortality (HR: 1.90, 95% CI:1.25,2.88). These findings underscore the growing awareness that nutritional risk, particularly for older adults, is a significant factor affecting their well-being and particularly their ability to continue living in the community. Nutrition assessment, interventions, and services for community-dwelling older adults may lead to a reduction in health care utilization, particularly nursing home placement, and ultimately to reduced healthcare costs to families and taxpayers.
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Mazonson, Peter, Theoren Loo, Jeff Berko, Sarah-Marie Chan, Ryan Westergaard, and James Sosman. "352. Characteristics Associated with Pre-Frailty in Older People Living with HIV." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (October 2019): S186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.425.
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Abstract Background Frailty is a concern among older people living with HIV (PLHIV). There is a paucity of research characterizing PLHIV who are at risk of becoming frail (pre-frailty). To investigate how HIV impacts older PLHIV in the United States, a new study called Aging with Dignity, Health, Optimism and Community (ADHOC) was launched at ten sites to collect self-reported data. This analysis uses data from ADHOC to identify factors associated with pre-frailty. Methods Pre-frailty was assessed using the Frailty Index for Elders (FIFE), where a score of zero indicated no frailty, 1–3 indicated pre-frailty, and 4–10 indicated frailty. A cross-sectional analysis was performed on 262 PLHIV (age 50+) to determine the association between pre-frailty and self-reported sociodemographic, health, and clinical indicators using bivariate analyses. Factors associated with pre-frailty were then included in a logistic regression analysis using backward selection. Results The average age of ADHOC participants was 59 years. Eighty-two percent were male, 66% were gay or lesbian, and 56% were white. Forty-seven percent were classified with pre-frailty, 26% with frailty, and 27% with no frailty. In bivariate analyses, pre-frailty was associated with depression, low cognitive function, depression, multiple comorbidities, low income, low social support and unemployment (Table 1). In the multiple logistic regression analysis, pre-frailty was associated with having low cognitive function (Odds Ratio [OR] 8.56, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 3.24–22.63), 4 or more comorbid conditions (OR 4.00, 95% CI: 2.23–7.06), and an income less than $50,000 (OR 2.70, 95% CI: 1.56–4.68) (Table 2). Conclusion This study shows that commonly collected clinical and sociodemographic metrics can help identify PLWH who are more likely to have pre-frailty. Early recognition of factors associated with pre-frailty among PLHIV may help to prevent progression to frailty. Understanding markers of increased risk for pre-frailty may help clinicians and health systems better target multi-modal interventions to prevent negative health outcomes associated with frailty. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
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Neter, Efrat, Svetlana Chachashvili-Bolotin, Bracha Erlich, and Kfir Ifrah. "Benefiting From Digital Use: Prospective Association of Internet Use With Knowledge and Preventive Behaviors Related to Alzheimer Disease in the Israeli Survey of Aging." JMIR Aging 4, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): e25706. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/25706.
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Background Previous work documented the beneficial association between internet use and improved cognition, functional capacity, and less cognitive decline among people in late adulthood. This work focused on potential mechanisms of such an association: knowledge on Alzheimer disease (AD) and preventive behaviors related to AD. Objective The aim of this study was to examine prospective associations of internet use and perceived computer skills with knowledge on AD and preventive behaviors related to AD. Methods The sample included 1232 older adults (mean age 71.12 [SD 9.07]) drawn from the Israeli branch of the Survey of Health, Aging, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE-Israel). The sample is representative of Israeli households of adults aged 50 or older and their spouses. Data analyzed were collected in person during 2015 (Wave 6), and in a drop-off questionnaire following the in-person 2017 data collection (Wave 7). Results Although both internet use and perceived computer skills were prospectively associated with knowledge and behaviors related to AD in bivariate analyses, after controlling for sociodemographics, only internet use was associated with more such knowledge (β=.13, P<.001) and behaviors (β=.22, P<.001). Conclusions Internet use emerged as a prospective predictor of protective factors against AD. Policymakers should advance digital engagement so as to enhance knowledge on AD and preventive behaviors among older adults.
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Xiang, Xiaoling, Ruopeng An, and Hyunsung Oh. "The Bidirectional Relationship Between Depressive Symptoms and Homebound Status Among Older Adults." Journals of Gerontology: Series B 75, no. 2 (January 25, 2018): 357–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbx180.
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Abstract Objectives This study aimed to examine the bidirectional relationship between depressive symptoms and homebound status among older adults. Method The study sample included 7,603 community-dwelling older adults from the National Health and Aging Trends Study. A bivariate latent state-trait model of depressive symptoms and homebound status was estimated via structural equation modeling. Results The model fit the data well (Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = .02, Comparative Fit Index = .97, Standardized Root Mean Square Residual = .06). The relationship between homebound status and depressive symptoms can be decomposed into three parts: a moderate correlation between the stable trait components (r = .56, p <.001); a contemporary association of the state components (b = .17, p <.001); and bidirectional lagged effects between the state components. Change in homebound status was as a stronger predictor of depressive symptoms (b = .19, p < .001) than change in depressive symptoms was of homebound status (b = .06, p < .001; test of difference: Δ scaled χ2(1) = 24.2, p < .001). Discussion Homebound status and depressive symptoms form a feedback loop to influence each other. Improving the outdoor mobility of older adults may have immediate benefits for reducing depressive symptoms.