Relevant bibliographies by topics / Black authors

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Black authors'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Black authors"

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Brown, Tony N., Ebony M. Duncan, and Heather Hensman Kettrey. "Black Nationalist Tendencies and Their Association with Perceived Inefficacy of the Civil Rights Movement and of Black Elected Officials." Sociology of Race and Ethnicity 3, no. 2 (2016): 188–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2332649216651282.

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This study addressed whether black nationalist tendencies explain why some blacks in 1980 perceived that the civil rights movement and black elected officials failed to improve the black community’s standing, including their own life chances. Those holding positions consistent with black nationalism argue, among other things, that racial integration, political participation, and alignment with white interests could not ultimately produce racial parity. Instead, they support (cultural, social, economic, and political) separatism, constant vigilance, and community uplift as tactics for engineering racial parity. Using data from a nationally representative survey of the black population collected 35 years ago, the authors measured black nationalist tendencies using six indicators: (1) agreement that blacks should vote for black candidates, (2) agreement that blacks should shop in black-owned stores, (3) agreement that black men should not date white women, (4) support for forming a black political party, (5) the presence of black literature and/or art in respondents’ homes, and (6) a sense of common fate. The authors found that these indicators associated significantly with perceived inefficacy of the civil rights movement and of black elected officials. However, the associations’ directions and strength often varied appreciably. The authors call for future research that characterizes black nationalist tendencies and investigates their contemporary interpersonal and sociopolitical implications.
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Floyd, Samuel A. "Books on Black Music by Black Authors: A Bibliography." Black Perspective in Music 14, no. 3 (1986): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1215063.

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Augustine, Jennifer, and Mia Brantley. "Black-White Differences in Parental Happiness." Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World 9 (January 2023): 237802312311536. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23780231231153617.

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Lower levels of happiness among Blacks compared with Whites are well documented, as are lower levels of happiness among parents compared with nonparents. Yet it remains unclear whether the parenting happiness gap is larger among Blacks compared with Whites. Drawing on the General Social Survey (2010–2018), the authors investigate this question. The authors find that White mothers reported less happiness compared with their White female nonparent counterparts, but contrary to research highlighting the profound challenges of parenting for Black women, a parental happiness gap among Black women was not observed. Among Black men, parents reported a much higher probability of being very happy than their nonparent counterparts, whereas White fathers’ happiness was no different from that of their male counterparts without children. These findings are discussed in view of stereotypes about Black mothers and fathers, their resilience to stressors such as racism and discrimination, and emerging research on the salience of fatherhood for Black men.
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Carrington, William J., Kristin McCue, and Brooks Pierce. "Black/White Wage Convergence: The Role of Public Sector Wages and Employment." ILR Review 49, no. 3 (1996): 456–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979399604900305.

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This paper assesses the relative contribution of the public and private sectors, through their employment and wages, to the black/white wage convergence that occurred in the U.S. economy over the 1963–92 period. Applying standard decomposition methods to Current Population Survey data, the authors show that almost all the convergence in black/white relative wages in the 1963–75 period was due to black/white convergence in the private sector. Similarly, the post-1975 slowdown in black/white wage convergence was almost completely due to a corresponding slowdown in the private sector. The unimportance of the public sector, the authors argue, arises for two reasons: the public sector never accounted for more than 20% of civilian employment over the 1963–92 period; and blacks' historic success in that sector left relatively little room for further wage gains there, whereas in the private sector blacks had considerable ground to make up.
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Mehrdoust, Farshid, Amir Hosein Refahi Sheikhani, Mohammad Mashoof, and Sabahat Hasanzadeh. "Block-pulse operational matrix method for solving fractional Black-Scholes equation." Journal of Economic Studies 44, no. 3 (2017): 489–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jes-05-2016-0107.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate a European option using the fractional version of the Black-Scholes model. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, the authors employ the block-pulse operational matrix algorithm to approximate the solution of the fractional Black-Scholes equation with the initial condition for a European option pricing problem. Findings The fractional derivative will be described in the Caputo sense in this paper. The authors show the accuracy and computational efficiency of the proposed algorithm through some numerical examples. Originality/value This is the first paper that considers an alternative algorithm for pricing a European option using the fractional Black-Scholes model.
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Silber, Jeffrey H., Paul R. Rosenbaum, Richard N. Ross, et al. "Racial Disparities in Operative Procedure Time." Anesthesiology 119, no. 1 (2013): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0b013e31829101de.

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Abstract Background: Using Pennsylvania Medicare claims from 1995 to 1996, the authors previously reported that anesthesia procedure length appears longer in blacks than whites. In a new study using a different and larger data set, the authors now examine whether body mass index (BMI), not available in Medicare claims, explains this difference. The authors also examine the relative contributions of surgical and anesthesia times. Methods: The Obesity and Surgical Outcomes Study of 47 hospitals throughout Illinois, New York, and Texas abstracted chart information including BMI on elder Medicare patients (779 blacks and 14,596 whites) undergoing hip and knee replacement and repair, colectomy, and thoracotomy between 2002 and 2006. The authors matched all black Medicare patients to comparable whites and compared procedure lengths. Results: Mean BMI in the black and white populations was 30.24 and 28.96 kg/m2, respectively (P < 0.0001). After matching on age, sex, procedure, comorbidities, hospital, and BMI, mean white BMI in the comparison group was 30.1 kg/m2 (P = 0.94). The typical matched pair difference (black–white) in anesthesia (induction to recovery room) procedure time was 7.0 min (P = 0.0019), of which 6 min reflected the surgical (cut-to-close) time difference (P = 0.0032). Within matched pairs, where the difference in procedure times was greater than 30 min between patients, blacks more commonly had longer procedure times (Odds = 1.39; P = 0.0008). Conclusions: Controlling for patient characteristics, BMI, and hospital, elder black Medicare patients experienced slightly but significantly longer procedure length than their closely matched white controls. Procedure length difference was almost completely due to surgery, not anesthesia.
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Torche, Florencia, and Peter Rich. "Declining Racial Stratification in Marriage Choices? Trends in Black/White Status Exchange in the United States, 1980 to 2010." Sociology of Race and Ethnicity 3, no. 1 (2016): 31–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2332649216648464.

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The status exchange hypothesis suggests that partners in black/white marriages in the United States trade racial for educational status, indicating strong hierarchical barriers between racial groups. The authors examine trends in status exchange in black/white marriages and cohabitations between 1980 and 2010, a period during which these unions increased from 0.3 percent to 1.5 percent of all young couples. The authors find that status exchange between black men and white women did not decline among either marriages or cohabitations, even as interracial unions became more prevalent. The authors also distinguish two factors driving exchange: (1) the growing probability of marrying a white person as educational attainment increases for both blacks and whites (educational boundaries) and (2) a direct trade of race-by-education between partners (dyadic exchange). Although the theoretical interpretation of exchange has focused on the latter factor, the authors show that status exchange largely emerges from the former.
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Roehling, Patricia V., Lorna Hernandez Jarvis, and Heather E. Swope. "Variations in Negative Work-Family Spillover Among White, Black, and Hispanic American Men and Women." Journal of Family Issues 26, no. 6 (2005): 840–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x05277552.

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This study uses a nationally representative sample ( N = 1,761) to investigate how gender differences in negative work-family spillover vary by ethnicity (Black, White, and Hispanic) and parental status. Consistent with the authors’ hypotheses, Hispanics displayed a greater gender disparity in negative family-to-work spillover and negative work-to-family spillover than Blacks and Whites, even when controlling for gender-role attitudes. The authors also found that the relationship between ethnicity and gender on work-family spillover varied by parental status. The authors propose that the observed gender and ethnicity interactions are because of gender role and acculturation differences in the work experiences of Hispanic, Black, and White women.
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Smith, Darron T., Brenda G. Juarez, and Cardell K. Jacobson. "White on Black." Journal of Black Studies 42, no. 8 (2011): 1195–230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021934711404237.

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In this article, the authors examine White parents’ endeavors toward the racial enculturation and inculcation of their transracially adopted Black children. Drawing on in-depth interviews, the authors identify and analyze themes across the specific race socialization strategies and practices White adoptive parents used to help their adopted Black children to develop a positive racial identity and learn how to effectively cope with issues of race and racism. The central aim of this article is to examine how these lessons about race help to connect family members to U.S. society’s existing racial hierarchy and how these associations position individuals to help perpetuate or challenge the deeply embedded and historical structures of White supremacy. The authors use the notion of White racial framing to move outside of the traditional arguments for or against transracial adoption to instead explore how a close analysis of the adoptive parents’ racial instructions may serve as a learning tool to foster more democratic and inclusive forms of family and community.
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O’Connor, Carla, Amanda Lewis, and Jennifer Mueller. "Researching “Black” Educational Experiences and Outcomes: Theoretical and Methodological Considerations." Educational Researcher 36, no. 9 (2007): 541–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/0013189x07312661.

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This article delineates how race has been undertheorized in research on the educational experiences and outcomes of Blacks. The authors identify two dominant traditions by which researchers have invoked race (i.e., as culture and as a variable) and outline their conceptual limitations. They analyze how these traditions mask the heterogeneity of the Black experience, underanalyze institutionalized productions of race and racial discrimination, and confound causes and effects in estimating when and how race is “significant.” The authors acknowledge the contributions of more recent scholarship and discuss how future studies of Black achievement might develop more sophisticated conceptualizations of race to inform more rigorous methodological examinations of how, when, and why Black students perform in school as they do.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Black authors"

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Wyatt, Gina E. "The portrayal of black men and black women in selected works of selected black authors." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1988. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/344.

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Black male and female authors have been known to place black men and black women in stereotypical roles. Black male authors usually depict black women as weak and uneducated while black female authors illustrate black men to be users, abusers, drug addicts and uneducated individuals. The negative depictions are believed to have come about as a result of slavery. There has been strong criticism by black men and women in the way we depict each other in literature. Eight books by black male and female authors have been selected in order to fairly review how they portray each other in their literature. The study’s conclusion will determine whether each gender portrays the opposite gender in a derogatory manner.
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Lloyd, Clive N. V. "H C Bosman : South African history in black and white." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.362269.

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Gaylard, Rob. "Writing black : the South African short story by black writers /." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/3224.

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Sarnosky, Yolonda P. "Black female authors document a loss of sexual identity Jacobs, Morrison, Walker, Naylor, and Moody /." Instructions for remote access. Click here to access this electronic resource. Access available to Kutztown University faculty, staff, and students only, 1999. http://www.kutztown.edu/library/services/remote_access.asp.

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Thesis (M.A.)--Kutztown University of Pennsylvania, 1999.<br>Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 45-06, page: 2836. Typescript. Abstract appears on leaf [ii]. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 65-67).
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Mthembu, Lumumba. "A case for contemporary third literature: the black experience in the postmillennial fiction of three Kwela authors." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/3322.

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This study seeks to uncover the manner in which the young black experience is constructed in three novels by Sifiso Mzobe, Kgebetli Moele and K. Sello Duiker. Young Blood, Untitled and Thirteen Cents all feature teenage narrators navigating the social milieu of South Africa in the twenty-first century. My analysis is informed by Frantz Fanon’s postcolonial theory because South Africa’s socio-economic landscape conforms to the divisions laid out in The Wretched of the Earth. I contend that post-apartheid South Africa is developing in a manner that is symptomatic of the Fanonian post-independence African state. My close reading of the novels teases out the conditions under which young black subjects must survive and express themselves. I look into the roles of the community, the government, the family, and the school in shaping this experience. Naturally, my discussion segues into questions of sexuality and gender as they intersect with race. I demonstrate how these texts fail and succeed as works of Third Literature, a genre derived from Third Cinema, which I have adapted due to its Fanonian ideological underpinning. Third Literature is a fundamentally revolutionary and activistic genre which seeks to pave the way for social change. In this regard, I concern myself with the recommendations these three authors may have for the readers of their texts. In conclusion, these texts demonstrate that racialized identities are social constructs with measurable experiential effects. However, there are ways of actively resisting or even
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Miley, Linda. "White writing black : issues of authorship and authenticity in non-indigenous representations of Australian Aboriginal fictional characters." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2006. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16485/1/Linda_Miley_Thesis.pdf.

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This creative practice-led thesis is in two parts - a novella entitled Leaning into the Light and an exegesis dealing with issues for creative writers who are non-Indigenous engaging with Indigenous characters and inter-cultural relationships. The novella is based on a woman's tale of a cross cultural friendship and is set in a Queensland Cape York Aboriginal community over a period of fifteen years. Leaning into the Light is for the most part set in the late 1960s, and as such tracks some of the social and personal cost of colonisation through its depiction of Indigenous and non-Indigenous relationships within a Christian run mission. In short, Leaning into the Light creates an imaginary space of intercultural relationships that is nevertheless grounded in a particular experience of a 'real' place and time where Indigenous and non-Indigenous subjectivities collide and communicate. The exegesis is principally concerned with issues of non-Indigenous representation of indigeneity, an area of enquiry and scholarship that is being increasingly theorized and debated in contemporary cultural and literary studies. In this field, two questions raised by Fee (in Ashcroft, Griffiths and Tiffin, 1995) are key concerns in the exegesis. How do we determine who is a member of the Aboriginal minority group, and can majority members speak for this minority? The intensification of interest around these issues follows a period of debate in the 1990s which in turn was spawned by the &quotunprecedented politicisation of {Australian} history" (Collins and Davis, 2004, p.5) following the important Mabo decision which overturned the &quotnation's founding doctrine of terra nullius" (ibid, p.2). These debates questioned whether or not non-Aboriginal authors could legitimately include Aboriginal themes and characters in their work (Huggins, 1994; Wheatley, 1994, Griffiths, et al in Tiffin and Lawson, 1994), and covered important political and ethical considerations, at the heart of which were issues of representation and authenticity. Moreover, there were concerns about non-Indigenous authors competing for important symbolic and publishing space with Indigenous authors. In the writing of Leaning into the Light, these issues became pivotal to the representation of character and situation and as such constitute the key points of analysis in the exegesis.
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Miley, Linda. "White writing black : issues of authorship and authenticity in non-indigenous representations of Australian Aboriginal fictional characters." Queensland University of Technology, 2006. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16485/.

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This creative practice-led thesis is in two parts - a novella entitled Leaning into the Light and an exegesis dealing with issues for creative writers who are non-Indigenous engaging with Indigenous characters and inter-cultural relationships. The novella is based on a woman's tale of a cross cultural friendship and is set in a Queensland Cape York Aboriginal community over a period of fifteen years. Leaning into the Light is for the most part set in the late 1960s, and as such tracks some of the social and personal cost of colonisation through its depiction of Indigenous and non-Indigenous relationships within a Christian run mission. In short, Leaning into the Light creates an imaginary space of intercultural relationships that is nevertheless grounded in a particular experience of a 'real' place and time where Indigenous and non-Indigenous subjectivities collide and communicate. The exegesis is principally concerned with issues of non-Indigenous representation of indigeneity, an area of enquiry and scholarship that is being increasingly theorized and debated in contemporary cultural and literary studies. In this field, two questions raised by Fee (in Ashcroft, Griffiths and Tiffin, 1995) are key concerns in the exegesis. How do we determine who is a member of the Aboriginal minority group, and can majority members speak for this minority? The intensification of interest around these issues follows a period of debate in the 1990s which in turn was spawned by the &quotunprecedented politicisation of {Australian} history" (Collins and Davis, 2004, p.5) following the important Mabo decision which overturned the &quotnation's founding doctrine of terra nullius" (ibid, p.2). These debates questioned whether or not non-Aboriginal authors could legitimately include Aboriginal themes and characters in their work (Huggins, 1994; Wheatley, 1994, Griffiths, et al in Tiffin and Lawson, 1994), and covered important political and ethical considerations, at the heart of which were issues of representation and authenticity. Moreover, there were concerns about non-Indigenous authors competing for important symbolic and publishing space with Indigenous authors. In the writing of Leaning into the Light, these issues became pivotal to the representation of character and situation and as such constitute the key points of analysis in the exegesis.
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Danaher, Katie. "Mapping and re-mapping the city : representations of London in black British women's writing." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2018. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/80676/.

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This thesis maps and re-maps literary London through an engagement with selected novels by Diana Evans, Bernardine Evaristo and Andrea Levy. The thesis builds on the work of very strong strands of black British women's writing, an area of writing that remains committed to the necessity of having to defend it. I argue that the literature of this group of contemporary women writers re-orientates trajectories of black British writing to focus on emerging distinctive London identities in the twenty-first century. The thesis charts a shift in black British women's writing which rewrites familiar postcolonial tensions around nationhood, displacement and unbelonging to articulate a rootedness in London. Evans', Evaristo's and Levy's sense of belonging stems from the city in which they were all born and raised, their 'London-ness' rendering a new form of selfhood which informs who they are and what they write. The study is motivated by an agenda to critique black British women's writing outside of the historical paradigmatic racial and gendered identities through which it has traditionally been read. I wish to attend to women's writing in a way which disturbs the canon of contemporary British fiction, reconfiguring predominately male narratives of London life to present an alternative view of the city. The study assesses Evans', Evaristo's and Levy's contributions to and reappraisal of long traditions of women writing novels of family and home. The novels I engage with are localised within a particular London postcode, foregrounding the importance of microcosmic conceptions of home and domestic spaces to constructions of belonging in a multifaceted, complex urban environment such as London. The role of family is central to the authors' narratives and the thesis explores familial women's relationships which are both nuanced and complicated. The trope of sisterhood is deployed across the texts and raises profound questions concerning ideological constructions of belonging and home. The thesis grounds itself intellectually at the nexus of debates in the fields of feminist discourse, postcolonial theory and contemporary urban theory, implementing them within a more fluid critical framework capable of reading the literature by this group of writers outside rigid categorising partitions. To not attend to questions of race and gender within their works would be to distort the thematic framework underpinning the novels. Nevertheless, I wish to re-inflect the ways in which we critique London writing to encourage the emergence of a new language which allows us think about it as organically diverse, rather than consciously or systematically 'multicultural'.
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Classen, Sigrid Ulrike. "The black madonna figure as a source of female empowerment in the works of four Italian-Canadian authors." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq21732.pdf.

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Jones, Esther L. "Traveling discourses subjectivity, space and spirituality in black women's speculative fictions in the Americas /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1155665383.

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Books on the topic "Black authors"

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Valade, Roger M. The essential Black literature guide. Visible Ink Press, 1996.

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Adams, Grace. Black authors & published writers directory 2012. 6th ed. Grace Pub. Co., 2012.

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Inc, NetLibrary. Black authors and published writers directory. Grace Pub. Co., 2005.

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Wordworks, Manitou, ed. Modern black writers. 2nd ed. St. James Press, 2000.

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Ayim, May. Grenzenlos und unverschämt. Orlanda Frauenverlag, 1997.

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Ayim, May. Grenzenlos und unverschämt. Orlanda Frauenverlag, 1997.

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Franklin, J. E. Black girl. Alexander Street Press, 2008.

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Cobham, Rhonda, and Merle Collins. Watchers and seekers: Creative writing by Black women. P. Bedrick Books, 1988.

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Veit-Wild, Flora. Survey of Zimbabwean writers: Educational and literary careers. F. Veit-Wild, 1989.

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Veit-Wild, Flora. Survey of Zimbabwean writers: Educational and literary careers. E. Breitinger, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Black authors"

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Rynes, Sara L. "Communicating with Authors." In Opening the Black Box of Editorship. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230582590_6.

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Naito, Takashi. "Paul Claudel L’Oiseau noir dans le Soleil levant (The Black Bird in the Rising Sun) (1927)." In Masterpieces on Japan by Foreign Authors. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-9853-9_20.

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Carretta, Vincent. "Back to the Future: Eighteenth-Century Transatlantic Black Authors." In A Companion to African American Literature. Wiley-Blackwell, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444323474.ch1.

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Eden, Dov. "What Authors Need to Know to Navigate the Review Process Successfully: Understanding and Managing the Editor’s Dilemma." In Opening the Black Box of Editorship. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230582590_24.

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"Authors." In Mapping Black Europe. transcript Verlag, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783839454138-010.

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"About the Authors." In Black Education, edited by Joyce A. Ladner. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351313841-23.

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Wiggins, David K., Kevin B. Witherspoon, and Mark Dyreson. "ABOUT THE AUTHORS." In Black Mercuries. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9781538152843-303.

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"About the Authors." In Black Writers Matter. University of Regina Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9780889778764-026.

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"About the Authors." In Black Male Teachers. Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/s2051-2317(2013)0000001024.

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"About the Authors." In Rediscovering Black Portraiture. J. Paul Getty Trust, The, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/jj.4908226.15.

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Conference papers on the topic "Black authors"

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"Authors." In 2020 IEEE International Black Sea Conference on Communications and Networking (BlackSeaCom). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/blackseacom48709.2020.9234996.

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"Authors." In 2023 IEEE International Black Sea Conference on Communications and Networking (BlackSeaCom). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/blackseacom58138.2023.10299790.

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"Authors index." In Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Trans Black Sea Region on Applied Electromagnetism. IEEE, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aem.2000.943304.

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Хурамшин, Рустем Иштимерович, and Иштимер Шагалиевич Хурамшин. "INFORMATION IN BLACK HOLE." In Высокие технологии и инновации в науке: сборник избранных статей Международной научной конференции (Санкт-Петербург, Май 2022). Crossref, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/vt197.2022.48.37.009.

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В статье обсуждается острый вопрос среди астрофизиков, что происходит с информацией при поглощении ее в черную дыру? Авторы предлагают свой концептуальный ответ на данный вопрос, который заключается, что информация полностью трансформируется обратно в гравитацию. Итак, гравитация обладает не только силой притяжения, но в то же время является хранилищем информации. The article discusses an acute question among astrophysicists, what happens to information when it is absorbed into a black hole? The authors offer their own conceptual answer to this question, which is that information is completely transformed back into gravity. So, gravity has not only the force of attraction, but at the same time is a repository of information.
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Akhmadiev, A. K., and V. N. Ekzaryan. "GEO-ENVIRONMENTAL FEATURES OF HYDROCARBON FIELD DEVELOPMENT IN THE BLACK SEA-CASPIAN REGION." In Всероссийская научная конференция, посвященная памяти доктора технических наук, профессора Александра Дмитриевича Потапова. Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Национальный исследовательский Московский государственный строительный университет" (НИУ МГСУ), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/978-5-7264-2875-8.2021.12-18.

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The paper notes that the hydrocarbon potential of the Black Sea-Caspian region is not exhausted, and therefore the development of its resources is intensifying. The exploitation of oil and gas fields is closely associated with negative consequences for theenvironment. Therefore, the geo-environmental features of the area must be studied and taken into consideration. In relation to the Black Sea-Caspian region the authors have identified and described such features as: the diversity of geopolitical, regional-geological, geographical conditions; the factor of stability of the geological environment; oil pollution of the marine environment and the organization of monitoring of oil pollution.
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6

Shan, S., and G. Gary Wang. "Reliable Space Pursuing for RBDO With Black-Box Performance Functions." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-35517.

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Reliability-based design optimization (RBDO) is intrinsically a double-loop procedure since it involves an overall optimization and an iterative reliability assessment at each search point. Due to the double-loop procedure, the computational expense of RBDO is normally very high. Current RBDO research is focused on performance functions having explicit analytical expression and readily available gradients. This paper addresses a more challenging type of RBDO problem in which the performance functions are computation intensive. These computation intensive functions are often considered as a “black-box” and their gradients are not available or not reliable. Based on the reliable design space (RDS) concept proposed earlier by the authors, this paper proposes a Reliable Space Pursuing (RSP) approach, in which RDS is first identified and then gradually refined while optimization is performed. It theoretically avoids the nested optimization and probabilistic assessment loop. This approach can apply to RBDO problems with either analytical or blackbox performance functions. Three well known numerical problems from the literature are used to test and demonstrate the effectiveness of RSP.
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7

Szyndel, Matthew, Christopher Lemon, Daniel de Brito Dias, et al. "Implementing a Hardware Agnostic Commercial Black-Oil Reservoir Simulator." In SPE Reservoir Simulation Conference. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/212205-ms.

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Abstract Commercial reservoir simulators have traditionally been optimized for parallel computations on central processing units (CPUs). The recent advances in general-purpose graphics processing units (GPUs) have provided a powerful alternative to CPU, presenting an opportunity to significantly reduce run times for simulations. Realizing peak performance on GPU requires that GPU-specific code be written, and also requires that data are laid out sympathetically to the hardware. The cost of copying data between the CPU memory and GPU memory at the time of this writing is egregious. Peak performance will only be realized if this is minimized. In paper Cao et al., 2021, the authors establish approaches to enable a simulator to give excellent performance on a CPU or GPU, with the same simulation result using either hardware. We discuss how their prototype was generalized into high-quality, maintainable code with applicability across a wide range of models. Different parts of a reservoir simulator benefit from different approaches. A modern, object-oriented simulator requires components to handle initialization, property calculation, linearization, linear solver, well and aquifer calculations, field management, and reporting. Each of these areas will present architectural challenges when broadening the scope of the simulator from CPU only to supporting CPU or GPU. We outline these challenges and present the approaches taken to address them. In particular, we discuss the importance of abstracting compute scheduling, testing methods, data storage classes, and associated memory management to a generic framework layer. We have created a high-quality reservoir simulator with the capacity to run on a CPU or GPU with results that match to within a very small tolerance. We present software engineering approaches that enable the team to achieve and maintain this in the future. In addition, we present test outcomes and discuss how to achieve excellent performance. To our knowledge, no simulator capable of both CPU simulation and full GPU simulation (meaning simulation with no copies of full grid-size data for purposes other than reporting) has been presented. We will present novel software approaches used to implement the first such commercial simulator.
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8

Bulanov, S. "REFLECTION OF THE RELIEF ON THE HISTORICAL MAPS OF THE NORTHERN BLACK SEA REGION." In Man and Nature: Priorities of Modern Research in the Area of Interaction of Nature and Society. LCC MAKS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m2609.s-n_history_2021_44/233-239.

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There are 4 stages in the development of the cartography of the Northern Black Sea region, with an emphasis on the mapping of the relief. The first corresponds to antiquity, when the relief as such was not depicted on the maps, and it could be judged by indirect signs. The second corresponds to a time usually attributed to the Middle Ages. At this stage, the relief on the maps of the Northern Black Sea region is often indicated by special icons, less often by lines, which, however, were more likely works of art than sources of information about objects on the ground, moreover, about the accuracy of their location. The presence and nature of these icons, as a rule, were dictated by the taste, imagination, and limited awareness of the authors of the maps. The third stage – New time – an era of rapid development of science and industry, as well as new socio-political tasks that confronted cartographers. This is the era of the transition of maps of the Northern Black Sea region to an accurate mathematical basis, a large scale, specialization in purpose and branches of knowledge. Relief display moves to a new qualitative level, and it often becomes the main content of maps, especially topographic ones. The fourth stage is primarily the 20th and 21st centuries. The method of isolines (horizontals) becomes the leading one, which in recent decades has been actively supplemented by aerospace information and computer processing.
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Schnur, Christopher, Jochen Moll, Yevgeniya Lugovtsova, Andreas Schütze, and Tizian Schneider. "Explainable Machine Learning for Damage Detection: in Carbon Fiber Composite Plates Under Varying Temperature Conditions." In 2021 48th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/qnde2021-75215.

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Abstract Understanding on how a machine learning model interprets data is a crucial step to verify its reliability and avoid overfitting. While the focus of the scientific community is nowadays orientated towards deep learning approaches, which are considered as black box approaches, this work presents a toolbox that is based on complementary methods of feature extraction and selection, where the classification decisions of the model are transparent and can be physically interpreted. On the example of guided wave benchmark data from the open guided waves platform, where delamination defects were simulated at multiple positions on a carbon fiber reinforced plastic plate under varying temperature conditions, the authors could identify suitable frequencies for further investigations and experiments. Furthermore, the authors presented a realistic validation scenario which ensures that the machine learning model learns global damage characteristics rather than position specific characteristics.
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Хурамшин, Рустем Иштимерович, and Иштимер Шагалиевич Хурамшин. "FORCE OF GRAVITY." In Научные исследования в современном мире. Теория и практика: сборник избранных статей Всероссийской (национальной) научно-практической конференции (Санкт-Петербург, Апрель 2022). Crossref, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/nitp327.2022.49.45.002.

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Авторы исходя из предлагаемой ими концепции «Фотонный мир» попытались раскрыть роль гравитации и энергии в формировании барионной материи, а также первичных черных дыр, темной энергии, темного вещества и обосновать участие в этом процессе фотонов и фотонных частиц. The authors based on their proposed concept of "Photon World" tried to reveal the role of gravity and energy in the formation of baryonic matter, as well as primary black holes, dark energy, dark matter and substantiate the participation of photons and photon particles in this process.
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Reports on the topic "Black authors"

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Berdan, Robert, Terrence Wiley, and Magaly Lavadenz. California Association for Bilingual Education (CABE) Position Statement on Ebonics. Center for Equity for English Learners, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.15365/ceel.statement.1997.1.

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In this position statement, the authors write in support of Ebonics (also known as African American Vernacular English, Black English, Black Dialect, and African American Language) as a legitimate language. The linguistic and cultural origins of Ebonics is traced, along with its legitimacy by professional organizations and the courts. CABE asserts that the role of schools and teachers is therefore to build on students’ knowledge of Ebonics rather than replace or eradicate Ebonics as they teach standard English. This position statement has implications for teacher training.
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Buvinic, Mayra, and Andrew Morrison. Controlling Violence. Inter-American Development Bank, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008933.

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This document is one of a series of technical notes that describe the nature and magnitude of violence in the region, its causes and effects, and how it can be prevented and controlled. The notes provide useful information on designing programs and policies to prevent and deal with violence. This note focuses on violence control and prevention. The authors hold that it is often thought that control and prevention are quite distinct actions and that consequently, it is simple to categorize actions under one heading or the other. The real world, however, is more gray than black and white. According to the authors, all actions designed to reduce violence form part of a continuum that ranges from prevention on one end of the scale to control on the other end.
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Corrigan, Jack, Sergio Fontanez, and Michael Kratsios. Banned in D.C. Center for Security and Emerging Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51593/20220007.

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U.S. federal policymakers have recently gained the authority to block government agencies and private organizations from using foreign technologies that pose national security risks. But securing U.S. networks will require them to wield those powers effectively and better coordinate supply chain security efforts across all levels of government. The authors provide an overview of federal- and state-level procurement bans and recommend ways to build stronger defense against foreign technology threats.
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Schulte, Jillian, Megan Schmidt-Sane, Elizabeth Benninger, Tabitha Hrynick, and Santiago Ripoll. COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy among Minoritised Youth in Cleveland, Ohio, United States. SSHAP, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2022.009.

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Despite progress in COVID-19 vaccination rates overall in Cleveland, vaccine inequity persists as young people from minoritised communities are often less likely to be vaccinated. Despite being over-represented in COVID-19 case counts and fatalities, Black residents were under-represented in COVID-19 vaccination during the first year and half of the pandemic. In Ohio, while roughly 60% of Cuyahoga County residents are fully vaccinated, just 45% of Cleveland residents are fully vaccinated. Lower-income, majority Black, east side neighbourhoods have markedly lower vaccination rates compared to higher-income, mostly white neighbourhoods. Young people ages 16-40 became eligible for the COVID-19 vaccine on March 29th, 2021, and individuals aged 12 and above were able to get vaccinated from May 2021 onward. However, large disparities exist based age, race, and zip code. This brief illustrates underlying reasons shaping COVID-19 vaccine attitudes among minority (especially Black and Latinx) youth (ages 12-18) and offers key considerations for how young people can be better engaged within Cleveland, Ohio. This brief is based on research, including in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with 61 young people across 16 neighbourhoods through a Youth Participatory Action Research (YPAR) approach in Cleveland to contextualise youth perspectives of COVID-19 vaccination and highlight areas of hesitancy and confidence. In this brief, we share findings from the study and key considerations for addressing youth ‘vaccine hesitancy’ around the COVID-19 vaccine are presented. This brief was authored by Jillian Schulte (Case Western Reserve University), Megan Schmidt-Sane (IDS), Elizabeth Benninger (Cleveland State University), Tabitha Hrynick (IDS), and Santiago Ripoll (IDS), and includes contributions from Elizabeth Davies (Cleveland State University), Diane Mastnardo, Brenda Pryor (MyCom), Brinda Athreya (Case Western Reserve University), Ivis Maldonado (MyCom) and reviews from Elizabeth Storer (LSE) and Annie Wilkinson (IDS). The research was funded through the British Academy COVID-19 Recovery: USA and UK fund (CRUSA210022). Research was based at the Institute of Development Studies. This brief is the responsibility of SSHAP.
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Vial, Joaquín, Patricio Navia, John Londregan, and Cristóbal Aninat. Political Institutions, Policymaking Processes and Policy Outcomes in Chile. Inter-American Development Bank, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011298.

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This analysis characterizes the salient features of the policymaking process (PMP) in Chile. It emphasizes the influence of political institutions on the PMP and examines the linkage between policymaking and policy outcomes in Chile. The salient features of the Chilean PMP are the electoral system and the associated party system, characterized by two long-lived coalitions, a powerful Executive, with de facto control over the agenda, a relatively independent judiciary, a bureaucracy that is relatively free from corruption even by the standards of the OECD, and a series of veto points in the policymaking process that permit adversely affected actors to block policy change. Looking at policy areas in cross section, the authors find that policy areas in which policymakers' interests are more nearly aligned, and in which there is more rapid exogenous change, are associated with more successful efforts at reform, while in areas in which the interests of the Executive and the various veto players diverge, policy tends to stagnate.
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Zhylenko, Tetyana I. Auto Checker of Higher Mathematics - an element of mobile cloud education. [б. в.], 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3895.

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We analyzed the main cloud services in the article. We also described the main contribution of mobile cloud technology to education. The article presents the author’s development from the field of mobile cloud education in higher mathematics. The design architecture of this application is described in detail: QR generator and scanner, authorization, sending tasks. Block diagrams and images are presented that clearly demonstrate the operation of the application. We showed an example of solving the integral from the section of integral calculus for higher mathematics and showed how to download the answer in the form of a QR code and find out whether it is correct or incorrect (this can be seen by the color on the smart phone screen). It is shown how this technology helps the teacher save time for checking assignments completed by students. This confirms its effectiveness. Such an application provides students and teachers with the ability to store and process data on a cloud computing platform.
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Buvinic, Mayra, and Andrew Morrison. Violence as an Obstacle to Development. Inter-American Development Bank, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008931.

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This document is one of a series of technical notes that describe the nature and magnitude of violence in the region, its causes and effects, and how it can be prevented and controlled. The notes provide useful information on designing programs and policies to prevent and deal with violence. This note focuses on the economic and non-economic costs of violence. The authors show how violence impedes economic development. From a macroeconomic point of view, violence reduces foreign and domestic investment as well as domestic savings, thus hindering prospects for long term growth. From the microeconomic standpoint, one of the effects of violence is to dissuade individuals from investing time and money in education; it may deter some people from attending night school out of fear of becoming a victim of violent crime, or it may even induce some individuals to turn to a life of crime instead of completing their education. Domestic violence against women and children is also a stumbling block to economic development. Tending to the consequences of both domestic and social violence cuts into the scarce resources available to society.
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Bhushan, Sandeep, Huang Xin, and Xiao Zongwei. Ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block for postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing liver surgery: what we might know from a meta-analysis of Randomized control trials. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.1.0094.

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Condition being studied: ESPB as an emerging regional technique has been well established in many surgeries, including reduce opioid demands, decrease pain score and improver sleep quality, etc. But, apply ESPB in liver surgery is limiting and remains uncertain, it is time to conduct one meta-analysis to reveal the performance of ESPB in liver surgery. Eligibility criteria: All published full-article RCTs comparing the analgesic efficacy of ESPB with control in adult patients undergoing any liver surgeries were eligible for inclusion. There were no language restrictions, Moreover, we also excluded case reports, non-RCT studies, incomplete clinical trials, and any trials used multiple nerve blocks. We also excluded any conference abstracts which could not offer enough information about the study design, or by data request to the author.
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Bogdanov, Sergey I. Electronic educational resource "Ambulance and emergency medical care for mental disorders and behavioral disorders at the prehospital stage". SIB-Expertise, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/er0784.29012024.

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The Electronic educational resource (hereinafter referred to as EER) “Basic aspects of narcology” is designed for 36 training hours. This distance learning course aims to develop communicative competence, prepare for solving standard problems of professional activity using information resources, medical and biological terminology, and is also aimed at optimizing the educational process at the university, creating conditions for achieving the required level of modern education and comprehensive development of the personality of students . The EER was developed in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education. Intended for medical school students as a material that allows future doctors to become more in-depth acquainted with the basic aspects of narcology, as well as for psychiatrists, psychiatrists-narcologists, and doctors of other specialties who, due to the specifics of their work, systematically interact with patients with drug addiction pathology. The EER was developed by Doctor of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor, highly qualified psychiatrist-narcologist with 37 years of experience in the specialty of psychiatry-narcology. The structure of the EER is classic and includes an abstract, glossary, instructions for working with the course, brief information about the authors, a methodological block, 4 lectures in presentation format and video lectures on the following topics: “Ethanol from the birth of modern civilization to the creation of new stars”, “Alcoholism”, “General issues of addiction” and “Classification of substances and drugs that cause addiction.” To control the studied material, clinical tasks and final testing on the topic being studied are used. To receive feedback from cadets and students, there is a feedback form. A student who has mastered the program is able to possess professional competencies, including the ability to: professionally navigate issues of terminology and definitions related to the subject of the educational material; master the amount of knowledge on the mechanisms of the effects of psychoactive substances on the human body; correctly navigate the issues of modern classification of surfactants; correctly diagnose pathological conditions associated with chronic ethanol intoxication; apply distance educational technologies (DET) in professional activities; use automated information systems and knowledge bases in professional activities.
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Bogdanov, Sergey I. Electronic educational resource "Basic aspects of narcology". SIB-Expertise, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/er0783.29012024.

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The electronic educational resource (hereinafter referred to as EER) “Basic aspects of narcology” is designed for 36 training hours. This distance learning course aims to develop communicative competence, prepare for solving standard problems of professional activity using information resources, medical and biological terminology, and is also aimed at optimizing the educational process at the university, creating conditions for achieving the required level of modern education and comprehensive development of the personality of students . The EER was developed in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education. Intended for medical school students as a material that allows future doctors to become more in-depth acquainted with the basic aspects of narcology, as well as for psychiatrists, psychiatrists-narcologists, and doctors of other specialties who, due to the specifics of their work, systematically interact with patients with drug addiction pathology. The EER was developed by Doctor of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor, highly qualified psychiatrist-narcologist with 37 years of experience in the specialty of psychiatry-narcology. The structure of the EER is classic and includes an abstract, glossary, instructions for working with the course, brief information about the authors, a methodological block, 4 lectures in presentation format and video lectures on the following topics: “Ethanol from the birth of modern civilization to the creation of new stars”, “Alcoholism”, “General issues of addiction” and “Classification of substances and drugs that cause addiction.” To control the studied material, clinical tasks and final testing on the topic being studied are used. To receive feedback from cadets and students, there is a feedback form. A student who has mastered the program is able to possess professional competencies, including the ability to: professionally navigate issues of terminology and definitions related to the subject of the educational material; master the amount of knowledge on the mechanisms of the effects of psychoactive substances on the human body; correctly navigate the issues of modern classification of surfactants; correctly diagnose pathological conditions associated with chronic ethanol intoxication; apply distance educational technologies (DET) in professional activities; use automated information systems and knowledge bases in professional activities.
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