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Journal articles on the topic 'Black authors'
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Brown, Tony N., Ebony M. Duncan, and Heather Hensman Kettrey. "Black Nationalist Tendencies and Their Association with Perceived Inefficacy of the Civil Rights Movement and of Black Elected Officials." Sociology of Race and Ethnicity 3, no. 2 (2016): 188–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2332649216651282.
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This study addressed whether black nationalist tendencies explain why some blacks in 1980 perceived that the civil rights movement and black elected officials failed to improve the black community’s standing, including their own life chances. Those holding positions consistent with black nationalism argue, among other things, that racial integration, political participation, and alignment with white interests could not ultimately produce racial parity. Instead, they support (cultural, social, economic, and political) separatism, constant vigilance, and community uplift as tactics for engineering racial parity. Using data from a nationally representative survey of the black population collected 35 years ago, the authors measured black nationalist tendencies using six indicators: (1) agreement that blacks should vote for black candidates, (2) agreement that blacks should shop in black-owned stores, (3) agreement that black men should not date white women, (4) support for forming a black political party, (5) the presence of black literature and/or art in respondents’ homes, and (6) a sense of common fate. The authors found that these indicators associated significantly with perceived inefficacy of the civil rights movement and of black elected officials. However, the associations’ directions and strength often varied appreciably. The authors call for future research that characterizes black nationalist tendencies and investigates their contemporary interpersonal and sociopolitical implications.
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Floyd, Samuel A. "Books on Black Music by Black Authors: A Bibliography." Black Perspective in Music 14, no. 3 (1986): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1215063.
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Augustine, Jennifer, and Mia Brantley. "Black-White Differences in Parental Happiness." Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World 9 (January 2023): 237802312311536. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23780231231153617.
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Lower levels of happiness among Blacks compared with Whites are well documented, as are lower levels of happiness among parents compared with nonparents. Yet it remains unclear whether the parenting happiness gap is larger among Blacks compared with Whites. Drawing on the General Social Survey (2010–2018), the authors investigate this question. The authors find that White mothers reported less happiness compared with their White female nonparent counterparts, but contrary to research highlighting the profound challenges of parenting for Black women, a parental happiness gap among Black women was not observed. Among Black men, parents reported a much higher probability of being very happy than their nonparent counterparts, whereas White fathers’ happiness was no different from that of their male counterparts without children. These findings are discussed in view of stereotypes about Black mothers and fathers, their resilience to stressors such as racism and discrimination, and emerging research on the salience of fatherhood for Black men.
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Carrington, William J., Kristin McCue, and Brooks Pierce. "Black/White Wage Convergence: The Role of Public Sector Wages and Employment." ILR Review 49, no. 3 (1996): 456–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979399604900305.
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This paper assesses the relative contribution of the public and private sectors, through their employment and wages, to the black/white wage convergence that occurred in the U.S. economy over the 1963–92 period. Applying standard decomposition methods to Current Population Survey data, the authors show that almost all the convergence in black/white relative wages in the 1963–75 period was due to black/white convergence in the private sector. Similarly, the post-1975 slowdown in black/white wage convergence was almost completely due to a corresponding slowdown in the private sector. The unimportance of the public sector, the authors argue, arises for two reasons: the public sector never accounted for more than 20% of civilian employment over the 1963–92 period; and blacks' historic success in that sector left relatively little room for further wage gains there, whereas in the private sector blacks had considerable ground to make up.
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Mehrdoust, Farshid, Amir Hosein Refahi Sheikhani, Mohammad Mashoof, and Sabahat Hasanzadeh. "Block-pulse operational matrix method for solving fractional Black-Scholes equation." Journal of Economic Studies 44, no. 3 (2017): 489–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jes-05-2016-0107.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate a European option using the fractional version of the Black-Scholes model. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, the authors employ the block-pulse operational matrix algorithm to approximate the solution of the fractional Black-Scholes equation with the initial condition for a European option pricing problem. Findings The fractional derivative will be described in the Caputo sense in this paper. The authors show the accuracy and computational efficiency of the proposed algorithm through some numerical examples. Originality/value This is the first paper that considers an alternative algorithm for pricing a European option using the fractional Black-Scholes model.
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Silber, Jeffrey H., Paul R. Rosenbaum, Richard N. Ross, et al. "Racial Disparities in Operative Procedure Time." Anesthesiology 119, no. 1 (2013): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0b013e31829101de.
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Abstract Background: Using Pennsylvania Medicare claims from 1995 to 1996, the authors previously reported that anesthesia procedure length appears longer in blacks than whites. In a new study using a different and larger data set, the authors now examine whether body mass index (BMI), not available in Medicare claims, explains this difference. The authors also examine the relative contributions of surgical and anesthesia times. Methods: The Obesity and Surgical Outcomes Study of 47 hospitals throughout Illinois, New York, and Texas abstracted chart information including BMI on elder Medicare patients (779 blacks and 14,596 whites) undergoing hip and knee replacement and repair, colectomy, and thoracotomy between 2002 and 2006. The authors matched all black Medicare patients to comparable whites and compared procedure lengths. Results: Mean BMI in the black and white populations was 30.24 and 28.96 kg/m2, respectively (P < 0.0001). After matching on age, sex, procedure, comorbidities, hospital, and BMI, mean white BMI in the comparison group was 30.1 kg/m2 (P = 0.94). The typical matched pair difference (black–white) in anesthesia (induction to recovery room) procedure time was 7.0 min (P = 0.0019), of which 6 min reflected the surgical (cut-to-close) time difference (P = 0.0032). Within matched pairs, where the difference in procedure times was greater than 30 min between patients, blacks more commonly had longer procedure times (Odds = 1.39; P = 0.0008). Conclusions: Controlling for patient characteristics, BMI, and hospital, elder black Medicare patients experienced slightly but significantly longer procedure length than their closely matched white controls. Procedure length difference was almost completely due to surgery, not anesthesia.
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Torche, Florencia, and Peter Rich. "Declining Racial Stratification in Marriage Choices? Trends in Black/White Status Exchange in the United States, 1980 to 2010." Sociology of Race and Ethnicity 3, no. 1 (2016): 31–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2332649216648464.
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The status exchange hypothesis suggests that partners in black/white marriages in the United States trade racial for educational status, indicating strong hierarchical barriers between racial groups. The authors examine trends in status exchange in black/white marriages and cohabitations between 1980 and 2010, a period during which these unions increased from 0.3 percent to 1.5 percent of all young couples. The authors find that status exchange between black men and white women did not decline among either marriages or cohabitations, even as interracial unions became more prevalent. The authors also distinguish two factors driving exchange: (1) the growing probability of marrying a white person as educational attainment increases for both blacks and whites (educational boundaries) and (2) a direct trade of race-by-education between partners (dyadic exchange). Although the theoretical interpretation of exchange has focused on the latter factor, the authors show that status exchange largely emerges from the former.
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Roehling, Patricia V., Lorna Hernandez Jarvis, and Heather E. Swope. "Variations in Negative Work-Family Spillover Among White, Black, and Hispanic American Men and Women." Journal of Family Issues 26, no. 6 (2005): 840–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x05277552.
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This study uses a nationally representative sample ( N = 1,761) to investigate how gender differences in negative work-family spillover vary by ethnicity (Black, White, and Hispanic) and parental status. Consistent with the authors’ hypotheses, Hispanics displayed a greater gender disparity in negative family-to-work spillover and negative work-to-family spillover than Blacks and Whites, even when controlling for gender-role attitudes. The authors also found that the relationship between ethnicity and gender on work-family spillover varied by parental status. The authors propose that the observed gender and ethnicity interactions are because of gender role and acculturation differences in the work experiences of Hispanic, Black, and White women.
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Smith, Darron T., Brenda G. Juarez, and Cardell K. Jacobson. "White on Black." Journal of Black Studies 42, no. 8 (2011): 1195–230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021934711404237.
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In this article, the authors examine White parents’ endeavors toward the racial enculturation and inculcation of their transracially adopted Black children. Drawing on in-depth interviews, the authors identify and analyze themes across the specific race socialization strategies and practices White adoptive parents used to help their adopted Black children to develop a positive racial identity and learn how to effectively cope with issues of race and racism. The central aim of this article is to examine how these lessons about race help to connect family members to U.S. society’s existing racial hierarchy and how these associations position individuals to help perpetuate or challenge the deeply embedded and historical structures of White supremacy. The authors use the notion of White racial framing to move outside of the traditional arguments for or against transracial adoption to instead explore how a close analysis of the adoptive parents’ racial instructions may serve as a learning tool to foster more democratic and inclusive forms of family and community.
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O’Connor, Carla, Amanda Lewis, and Jennifer Mueller. "Researching “Black” Educational Experiences and Outcomes: Theoretical and Methodological Considerations." Educational Researcher 36, no. 9 (2007): 541–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/0013189x07312661.
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This article delineates how race has been undertheorized in research on the educational experiences and outcomes of Blacks. The authors identify two dominant traditions by which researchers have invoked race (i.e., as culture and as a variable) and outline their conceptual limitations. They analyze how these traditions mask the heterogeneity of the Black experience, underanalyze institutionalized productions of race and racial discrimination, and confound causes and effects in estimating when and how race is “significant.” The authors acknowledge the contributions of more recent scholarship and discuss how future studies of Black achievement might develop more sophisticated conceptualizations of race to inform more rigorous methodological examinations of how, when, and why Black students perform in school as they do.
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McCluney, Courtney L., Courtney M. Bryant, Danielle D. King, and Abdifatah A. Ali. "Calling in Black: a dynamic model of racially traumatic events, resourcing, and safety." Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal 36, no. 8 (2017): 767–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/edi-01-2017-0012.
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Purpose Racially traumatic events – such as police violence and brutality toward Blacks – affect individuals in and outside of work. Black employees may “call in Black” to avoid interacting with coworkers in organizations that lack resources and perceived identity and psychological safety. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach The paper integrates event system theory (EST), resourcing, and psychological safety frameworks to understand how external, racially traumatic events impact Black employees and organizations. As racially traumatic events are linked to experienced racial identity threat, the authors discuss the importance of both the availability and creation of resources to help employees to maintain effective workplace functioning, despite such difficult circumstances. Findings Organizational and social-identity resourcing may cultivate social, material, and cognitive resources for black employees to cope with threats to their racial identity after racially traumatic events occur. The integration of organizational and social-identity resourcing may foster identity and psychologically safe workplaces where black employees may feel valued and reduce feelings of racial identity threats. Research limitations/implications Implications for both employees’ social-identity resourcing practice and organizational resource readiness and response options are discussed. Originality/value The authors present a novel perspective for managing diversity and inclusion through EST. Further, the authors identify the interaction of individual agency and organizational resources to support Black employees.
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Henderson, Geraldine Rosa, Tracy Rank-Christman, Tiffany Barnett White, Kimberly Dillon Grantham, Amy L. Ostrom, and John G. Lynch. "Intercultural competence and customer facial recognition." Journal of Services Marketing 32, no. 5 (2018): 570–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsm-07-2017-0219.
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Purpose Intercultural competence has been found to be increasingly important. The purpose of this paper is to understand how intercultural competence impacts service providers’ ability to recognition faces of both black and white consumers. Design/methodology/approach Two experiments were administered to understand how intercultural competence impacts recognition of black and white consumer faces. Findings The authors find that the more intercultural competence that respondents report with blacks, the better they are at distinguishing between black regular customers and black new shoppers in an experiment. The authors find no impact of intercultural competence on the ability of respondents to differentiate between white consumers. These findings hold for respondents in the USA and South Africa. Research limitations/implications One limitation of this research is that the studies were conducted in a controlled lab setting. Thus, one could imagine additional noise from a true consumer setting might increase the effects of these results. Another limitation is the focus on only black and white consumer faces. In this paper, the authors focused on these two races, specifically to keep the factorial design as simplified as possible. Originality/value The implications of this research are important given that the ability of employees’ recognizing customer faces can affect customers’ day-to-day interactions in the marketplace.
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Esajas, Mitchell, and Jessica de Abreu. "The Black Archives: Exploring the Politics of Black Dutch Radicals." Open Cultural Studies 3, no. 1 (2019): 402–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/culture-2019-0034.
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Abstract In this article, the authors introduce “The Black Archives”—an alternative archive consisting of more than 8,000 books, official documents and artefacts. The archive is a critical intervention, challenging dominant historical narratives, which tend to downplay histories of colonialism, slavery and their legacy. The authors explore how archival research and art can be used to make visible the histories that have been marginalised in dominant historical narratives. This is done with a case study: an exhibition based on archival research on two Black radicals, Hermina and Otto Huiswoud. The research reveals the history of the black and Surinamese activism in the Netherlands which intersects with global histories of the black radicalism.
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Jr., Robert Fikes. "How Major Book Review Editors Stereotype Black Authors." Journal of Blacks in Higher Education, no. 33 (2001): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2678936.
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Sorel, Janet E., Gerardo Heiss, Herman A. Tyroler, Wayne B. Davis, Steven B. Wing, and David R. Ragland. "Black-White Differences in Blood Pressure:The Authors Reply." Epidemiology 3, no. 3 (1992): 274–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001648-199205000-00020.
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Opie, Tina, and Laura Morgan Roberts. "Do black lives really matter in the workplace? Restorative justice as a means to reclaim humanity." Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal 36, no. 8 (2017): 707–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/edi-07-2017-0149.
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Purpose Overwhelming evidence suggests that black lives have not and do not matter in the American workplace. In fact, disturbing themes of black labor dehumanization, exploitation and racial discrimination appear throughout history into the present-day workplace. Yet, curiously, organizations and organizational scholars largely ignore how racism and slavery have informed management practice (Cooke, 2003) and contemporary workplace racism. The authors address this gap, using the Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement as a platform. BLM is a social justice movement created in response to the pervasive racism experienced by black people. The purpose of this paper is to accomplish five goals, which are summarized in the following sections. Design/methodology/approach First, the authors outline historical themes of black labor dehumanization, exploitation and racial discrimination, providing specific examples to illustrate these themes and discussing their contemporary workplace implications. Second, key challenges that may arise as organizations seek to make black lives matter in the workplace are discussed. Third, the authors provide examples of organizations where black lives have mattered as an inspiration for how workplaces can affirm the humanity and self-actualization of black people. Findings Fourth, the authors provide organizations with helpful tools to truly make black lives matter in the workplace, using restorative justice as a framework to remedy workplace racism. Finally, while the paper is largely focused on business organizations, as two management scholars, the authors felt compelled to briefly articulate how academic scholarship might be influenced if black lives truly mattered in management scholarship and management education. Originality/value This paper begins to articulate how black lives matter in the workplace. The goal is to intervene and upend the exploitation of black workers so that they are finally recognized for their worth and value and treated as such. The authors have provided historical context to illustrate that contemporary workplace racism is rooted in the historical exploitation of black people from enslavement to contemporary instances of labor exploitation. The authors offer a restorative justice framework as a mechanism to redress workplace racism, being careful to outline key challenges with implementing the framework. The authors concluded with steps that organizations may consider as they work to repair the harm of workplace racism and rebuild trust amongst employees. Specifically, the authors discuss the benefits of organizational interventions that provide intergroup contact with an emphasis on perspective taking, and present a case example and suggested key indicators that black lives matter in today’s workplace.
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Tesfai, Rebbeca, and Kevin J. A. Thomas. "Dimensions of Inequality: Black Immigrants’ Occupational Segregation in the United States." Sociology of Race and Ethnicity 6, no. 1 (2019): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2332649219844799.
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The U.S. labor market is increasingly made up of immigrant workers, and considerable research has focused on occupational segregation as an indicator of their labor market incorporation. However, most studies focus on Hispanic populations, excluding one of the fastest growing immigrant groups: foreign-born blacks. Because of their shared race, African and Caribbean immigrants may experience the same structural barriers as U.S.-born blacks. However, researchers hypothesize that black immigrants are advantaged in the labor market relative to U.S.-born blacks because of social network hiring and less discrimination by employers. Using 2011–2015 pooled American Community Survey data, this study is among the first quantitative studies to examine black immigrants’ occupational segregation in the United States. The authors use the Duncan and Duncan Dissimilarity Index to estimate black immigrants’ segregation from U.S.-born whites and blacks and regression analyses to identify predictors of occupational segregation. Consistent with previous work focusing on Hispanic immigrants, foreign-born blacks are highly overrepresented in a few occupations. African and Caribbean immigrants experience more occupational segregation from whites than the U.S.-born, with African immigrants most segregated. Africans are also more segregated from U.S.-born blacks than Caribbean immigrants. Results of the regression analyses suggest that African immigrants are penalized rather than rewarded for educational attainment. The authors find that the size of the coethnic population and the share of coethnics who are self-employed are associated with a decline in occupational segregation. Future research is needed to determine the impact of lower occupational segregation on the income of self-employed black immigrants.
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Ultra Omni, Victor, and Laura Alexandra Harris. "Who Is They?" TSQ 10, no. 3-4 (2023): 212–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/23289252-10900746.
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Abstract At the heart of this project is an intergenerational dialogue, an elliptical tracing of languages and communities in their acts of reclaiming and renaming. In this dialogue the authors ask how does a linguistic archive of Black queer/trans culture, in particular the grammars of they, kiki/Ky-Ky, and fem and stud travel within and shape language and expressive culture? If the Black queer and Black vernacular overlap, how do we look to the creative influences of Black queer and Black trans historical symmetries and exchanges? Reexamining historical continuities and shared socialities of Black gender genealogies, the authors refuse the scholarly impetus to discover “new” nonbinary and transgender frontiers when Black working-class vernacular culture has always structured and enabled radical linguistic expression and gendered possibilities. Writing together, the authors transfigure intergenerational knowledges into a critical theory repositioning the terms of the debate and enabling possibilities for connections where there have only been closures. Talking Black to talk back to this current moment of ever-expanding gender narratives, the authors look toward Black epistemologies conveniently forgotten in current discourses of pluralized gender subjectivities.
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FORD, DONNA Y., and CHARLES J. RUSSO. "Historical and Legal Overview of Special Education Overrepresentation: Access and Equity Denied." Multiple Voices for Ethnically Diverse Exceptional Learners 16, no. 1 (2016): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.56829/2158-396x.16.1.50.
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The history of the denial of equal education opportunities to Black children is a long one, whether through racial segregation or overrepresentation in special education. No other group is as overreferred, overidentified, and overrepresented in special education as Black students, specifically Black males. The authors present an historical and legal overview of special education and critique in the 2015 report by Morgan, Farkas, Hillemeier, Mattison, Maczuga, Li, and Cook. Based on their analysis of limited criteria rather than comprehensive criteria, Morgan and colleagues claim that Blacks were not overrepresented in special education and that more should have been identified. This study created a swelter of discussion and debates that are not new but that the authors find to be biased, polemic, and deficit-oriented assertions. The potential impact of Morgan et al.'s work (arguments, findings, and conclusions) must be interrogated rather than discounted.
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Hay, Kellie D., and Rebekah Farrugia. "The Women of the Foundation." Departures in Critical Qualitative Research 6, no. 3 (2017): 50–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/dcqr.2017.6.3.50.
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The authors examine the spaces, cultural practices, and relational possibilities that exist in one particular context of community hip-hop, the Foundation. Arguing that it offers Black girlhood studies forms of political action through cultural production, the authors draw on four years of ethnographic work. After explicating key connections that the Foundation shares with Black girlhood studies, the authors showcase a sample of the cultural production that Foundation artists create. In performance and reflection, the authors reveal how Foundation artists theorize the perilous pressures and uplifting pleasures of Black girlhood.
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Haggard, K. Stephen, Jeffrey Scott Jones, and H. Douglas Witte. "Black cats or black swans? Outliers, seasonality in return distribution properties, and the Halloween effect." Managerial Finance 41, no. 7 (2015): 642–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mf-07-2014-0190.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to determine the extent to which outliers have persisted in augmenting the Halloween effect over time and to offer an econometric test of seasonality in return skewness that might provide a partial explanation for the Halloween effect. Design/methodology/approach – The authors split the Morgan Stanley Capital International data for 37 countries into two subperiods and, using median regression and influence vectors, examine these periods for a possible change in the interplay between outliers and the Halloween effect. The authors perform a statistical assessment of whether outliers are a significant contributor to the overall Halloween effect using a bootstrap test of seasonal differences in return skewness. Findings – Large returns (positive and negative) persist in being generally favorable to the Halloween effect in most countries. The authors find seasonality in return skewness to be statistically significant in many countries. Returns over the May through October timeframe are negatively skewed relative to returns over the November through April period. Originality/value – This paper offers the first statistical test of seasonality in return skewness in the context of the Halloween effect. The authors show the Halloween effect to be a more complex phenomenon than the simple seasonality in mean returns documented in prior research.
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HARE, WILLIAM. "Bias in Stories for Children: black marks for authors." Journal of Applied Philosophy 2, no. 1 (1985): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5930.1985.tb00339.x.
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Korda, Michael. "Black Authors Rarely Have Made the Best-Seller List." Journal of Blacks in Higher Education, no. 34 (2001): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3134145.
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Rosenthal, Nicolas G., and Liza Black. "Introduction." American Indian Culture and Research Journal 42, no. 3 (2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17953/aicrj.42.3.rosenthal-black.
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Together, the articles in this special issue of the American Indian Culture and Research Journal offer a discussion of how Indigenous peoples have represented themselves and their communities in different periods and contexts, as well as through various media. Ranging across anthropology, art history, cartography, film studies, history, and literature, the authors examine how Native people negotiate with prominent images and ideas that represented Indians in the dominant culture and society in the United States and the Americas. These essays go beyond the problems of cultural appropriation by non-Indians to probe the myriad ways Native Americans and Indigenous people have challenged, reinforced, shifted, and overturned those representations.
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Allen, Shaonta’ E., Ifeyinwa F. Davis, Maretta McDonald, and Candice C. Robinson. "The Case of Black Millennials." Sociological Perspectives 63, no. 3 (2020): 478–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0731121420915202.
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Sociologists have queried over the utility and effectiveness of generational analysis for some time. Here, the authors contend that intragenerational analyses are needed to critically and comprehensively make sense of the social world. Drawing on four presentations during the presidential session titled, “#NextGenBlackSoc: New Directions in the Sociology of Black Millennials,” the authors use Black Millennials as a case to illustrate how racializing generational studies can strengthen sociological research in four particular subdisciplines: Collective Behavior and Social Movements, Religion, Gender and Sexuality, and Family. They ultimately argue new analytic approaches are necessary to produce significant research on individuals and groups with complex intersectional identities and the particularities of their social experiences.
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Harris, Pamela N., Marquita S. Hockaday, and Marcia H. McCall. "Black Girls Matter." Professional School Counseling 21, no. 1b (2017): 2156759X1877359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2156759x18773595.
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Servant leadership may serve as a framework for school counselors to meet the needs of Black female students. Through mixed methodology research, the authors examined comparisons between school counselor and servant leadership frameworks. They also investigated the leadership experiences of seven practicing school counselors when serving Black female students. Findings emphasize both similarities and differences between school counselor leadership and servant leadership characteristics. This article provides implications for practice, training, and future research.
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J. M. Samarrai, Ghanim. "Bombingham: Anthony Grooms's Contribution to Constructing Control over Black Representations in Contemporary American Literature." International Journal of Arabic-English Studies 10, no. 1 (2009): 59–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.33806/ijaes2000.10.1.5.
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Some Critics complain that American literature has done a poor job of accurately depicting blacks and that an authentic portrait presenting the black man as a free American citizen has not yet been painted. In the main, these complaints draw upon the notion that early and modern American fiction confined the images of African Americans to stereotypically limited depictions, exemplified as primitive characters that needed the protection of the 'benevolent' whites they served. Black authors had found that obtaining access to correct narrativerepresentation was not simple: to turn the field into a viable space for black representation would require genuine social hanges that many whites were unwilling to make.A dramatic change took place, nevertheless. On the 15th of September, 1963, racially motivated bombing of the Sixteenth Street Baptist Church in Birmingham killed four black girls, and this incident generated an unprecedented literary response from black writers, who started to gain more of a sense in black pride and cultural identity as well. This paper aims at examining how Anthony Grooms's novel Bombingham has contributed to representing black characters and constructing a black identity that challenges the stereotypical depictions dominating the pre-Birmingham era. Almost as soon as blacks could write, it seems, they set out to redefine – against already received racist stereotypes – who and what a black person was. (Henry Louis Gates: 1984, 131)..
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Shrivastava, Dr Ku Richa. "Black Feminism as a Literary Tradition." SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJELLH 7, no. 8 (2019): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijellh.v7i8.9277.
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The research paper posits to detail the black literary tradition.When the American art is viewed as a whole, the contribution of blacks is found in a miniature fraction, if we exclude their folk tradition of melody and dances. Merely, three generations have been passed of blacks’ early years. The black literary tradition has immediately passed its immaturity. At first, the silent era subsequent to slavery has existed. Folk tales and music inform readers about these black writers and artists who have lived and died. African - American literature has propagated the fact that blacks have been repressed. They resisted against relentless repression. After reconstruction period black lips became verbal. This new black man took two to three generations to expand his inspirations and contemplations to correspond to his own sentiments. Those black male authors have no evidence to converse for blacks who took three quarters of a century (75 years) to visible them in a literary tradition.
 Black women voices have been suppressed in context of black women’s literature and black cultural tradition. African - American women have been excluded from western writings in historical period. Both African American men and White men have denied African - American women a platform in literary tradition. Reading text has influenced African - American women to raise voice against racism. The institutional practices of racism by white patriarchal power structure have rebuffed to acknowledge black women historically. The racism and gender oppression practiced against black women persuaded them to write with reference to the perspectives of black women. After 1960’s, the black writings flourished. In Reading Black Reading Feminist a Critical Anthology (1990) edited by Henry Louis Gates, states expression of Anna Julia Cooper. She lays emphasis on recognition of black women literary tradition was in need to claim authority. Since 1970, with the publication of literary artifacts of African tradition, black women have come in the vanguard of African - American literary tradition. Several Black women writers works are studied and intertwined into a literary tradition like, Anna Julia Cooper, Zora Neale Hurston, Barbara Christian, Alice Walker, Patricia Hills Collins, Bell Hooks and Angela Y. Davis. Social animosities have been made between black women and black men with black women’s success of literary tradition and black men sexism towards them.
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D’AMBROSIO, MARIANO. "Black Pages and Blank Pages: Shandean Visual Devices in Contemporary Fiction." Shandean 29, no. 1 (2018): 79–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/shandean.2018.29.07.
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Recent studies about multimodality in the novel and so-called liberature and fiction making use of visual devices all agree in considering Tristram Shandy as one of the main precursors of experimental writing. This article focuses on the use of black and blank pages in contemporary fiction. Four novels are discussed in which the authors have resorted to blank and blank pages: B.S. Johnson’s House Mother Normal , Mark Z. Danielewski’s House of Leaves , Salvador Plascencia’s The People of Pape r, and Jonathan Safran Foer’s Extremely Loud & Incredibly Close.
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Belyaev, K. V., and I. L. Chulkova. "CARBON MODIFICATION OF BITUMEN." Russian Automobile and Highway Industry Journal 16, no. 4 (2019): 472–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.26518/2071-7296-2019-4-472-485.
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Introduction. The causes of premature destruction of asphalt concrete coatings are aging and low quality of bitumen. The paper describes the methods for improving the bitumen properties. The authors present the review of the bitumen modification by carbon black usage. The usage of carbon black leads to structural changes in the bitumen. Therefore, the authors select carbon black additives as a promising modifiers.Materials and methods. The paper showed the characteristics of carbon modifiers and the properties of the initial bitumen.Results. The authors experimentally determined the main parameters of the modified bitumen and compared the effect of three carbon black additives on the bitumen properties. The usage of activated carbon black significantly reduced the penetration of bitumen than non-activated carbon black, however, the indicators of aging were declined.Discussion and conclusions. As a result, the solid additive’s usage increases the bitumen viscosity with other standard characteristics’ preservation, and thus improves the bitumen thermal stability. Therefore, the usage of activated carbon black in dry forms does not affect significantly on the bitumen properties in comparison with varietal N 375 grade-carbon.
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Dancy, T. Elon, Kirsten T. Edwards, and James Earl Davis. "Historically White Universities and Plantation Politics: Anti-Blackness and Higher Education in the Black Lives Matter Era." Urban Education 53, no. 2 (2018): 176–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042085918754328.
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In this article, the authors argue that U.S. colleges and universities must grapple with persistent engagements of Black bodies as property. Engaging the research and scholarship on Black faculty, staff, and students, we explain how theorizations of settler colonialism and anti-Blackness (re)interpret the arrangement between historically White universities and Black people. The authors contend that a particular political agenda that engages the Black body as property, not merely concerns for disproportionality and inequality, is deeply embedded in institutional policy and practice. The article concludes with a vision for what awareness of anti-Black settler colonialism means for U.S. higher education.
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Miraya Ross, Kihana, and JARVIS R. GIVENS. "The Clearing: On Black Education Studies and the Problem of “Antiblackness”." Harvard Educational Review 93, no. 2 (2023): 149–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17763/1943-5045-93.2.149.
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In this essay, authors kihana miraya ross and Jarvis R. Givens make their case for a distinct field of education research—Black education studies, which builds on Black studies and education studies. They explore a key analytic in Black education studies, antiblackness, examining its early and more recent uses as an analytic in education research to forward a more holistic understanding of the concept. In doing so, they highlight the relationship between education as a social institution and the sustained manifestation of antiblackness. The authors conclude by considering how and why scholars might employ Black education studies to center Black life and living.
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Almeida, Dulce Filgueira de, and Craig Cook. "The Black Body in Donald Pierson’s Thesis “Negroes in Brazil”." Brasiliana: Journal for Brazilian Studies 9, no. 2 (2021): 269–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.25160/bjbs.v9i2.120806.
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This article aims to present the way the black body is approached in Donald Pierson’s (1900-1995) doctoral thesis. The question to be investigated is: how does one of the first studies on racial issues carried out in Brazil treat the black body? The theoretical framework was defined by authors from the social sciences. The thesis was considered as a historical document. A content analysis was made based on the following codes: the work’s physical structure, notes on the second and the first introductions, and approaches about the body. The results suggest that the black body did not properly qualify as an object of study, but it reveals an element that identifies both biological aspects and the movement of black bodies. It is concluded that resuming the investigation initiated by Pierson about blacks in Bahia is relevant because it allows the understanding of black body markers in the Brazilian context.
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Baldwin, Marjorie L., and William G. Johnson. "The Employment Effects of Wage Discrimination against Black Men." ILR Review 49, no. 2 (1996): 302–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979399604900208.
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When labor supply curves are upward-sloping, wage discrimination against black men reduces not only their relative wages, but also their relative employment rates. Using data from the 1984 Survey of Income and Program Participation, the authors estimate wage discrimination against black men and, for the first time, quantify the effects of that discrimination on the employment of black and white men. They find that 62% of the difference in offer wages to black and white men, and 67% of the difference in their observed wages, cannot be attributed to differences in productivity. Assuming that the unexplained wage differential is attributable entirely to employer discrimination, then the disincentive effects of wage discrimination reduced the relative employment rate of black men from 89% to 82% of white men's employment rate. Thus, wage discrimination and its employment effects resulted in a substantial transfer of resources from blacks to whites in 1984.
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Kennedy, James H. "The Image of Blacks in Lusophone Literatures and Cinema: A Research Bibliography." A Current Bibliography on African Affairs 20, no. 1 (1987): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001132558702000102.
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Black characters have appeared in the creative literature of the lusophone world since the sixteenth century, when they figured in the dramatic works of the Portuguese playwright Gil Vicente. With the current surge of interest in the Luso-Brazilian world, many critical studies now shed much light on the variety of ways in which lusophone authors and filmmakers have portrayed blacks. This compilation provides sources appraising the portrayal of black characters in the literature and cinema produced by whites in the Portuguese-speaking world, with particular focus on Angola, Brazil, and Mozambique.
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Tuck, Eve, Mistinguette Smith, Allison M. Guess, Tavia Benjamin, and Brian K. Jones. "Geotheorizing Black/Land." Departures in Critical Qualitative Research 3, no. 1 (2013): 52–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/dcqr.2014.3.1.52.
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In this article, researchers from an academic institution and researchers from a community-based organization theorize a recent collaboration. This “contingent collaboration” was designed to analyze interviews that had been conducted by the community organization and required the purposeful negotiation of two thresholds, one methodological, the other empirical. Writing together across diverse experiences with academic research, the authors consider the implications of the settler colonial roots of social science, the voyeuristic tendencies of academic researchers, and the historical presence of Black people as “other” in the academy for academic-community research partnerships.
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Mandal, Nilkanta, Saikat Das Gupta, and R. Mukhopadhyaya. "Regeneration of Carbon Black from Waste Automobile Tyres and its Use in Carcass Compound." Progress in Rubber, Plastics and Recycling Technology 21, no. 1 (2005): 55–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/147776060502100104.
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Post-consumer tyre provide a real challenge for recovery and re-use, since they must be disposed of in an environmentally sound and sustainable manner. Pyrolysis has proved an attractive method. The authors have already established a process of pyrolysis to regenerate the carbon black from waste tyres; it was elaborated in an earlier paper. The regenerated blacks(RB) have now been characterized by various methods. They were mixed in a typical virgin carcass compound, the required properties of the mixed compounds were measured, and then the compounds were cured under standard conditions of time and temperature. The physico-mechanical properties of the cured specimens were measured and compared to those of samples made using virgin (VB) and heat-treated blacks (HTB). It was concluded that the regenerated black has a higher surface area, and gives a higher elongation at break, with a higher heat build up, lower cure rate and lower modulus than virgin blacks, but a comparable state of cure, dispersion, hardness, tensile strength, tear strength and high adhesion strength. It was also found that regenerated black had a slightly different structure and agglomerate size. Some polar groups were incorporated into the carbon black, either during pyrolysis or during heat treatment. The regenerated black gave better ageing properties than the virgin or heat-treated blacks.
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Douds, Kiara Wyndham, R. L’Heureux Lewis-McCoy, and Kimberley Johnson. "Visualizing Variation in Majority-Black Suburbs in the United States." Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World 7 (January 2021): 237802312110655. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23780231211065521.
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The aim of this visualization is to highlight sociodemographic variation among Black suburbs and spur further research on them. The authors provide a sociodemographic portrait of Black suburbs, defined as those that are more than 50 percent Black, to highlight their prevalence and variety. The 100 largest metropolitan statistical areas in 2018 contained 413 Black suburbs, representing 5 percent of all suburbs. The authors examine distributions of Black suburbs on two characteristics, median household income and housing age, to make two points. First, Black suburbs feature substantial sociodemographic variation in terms of both income and housing age. Second, this variation is not primarily a function of suburbs’ Black population share. Contrary to common assumptions, Black suburbs are not all older suburbs populated by the socioeconomically disadvantaged but include newer, middle-class, and affluent places as well.
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Lewis, Brittany Lee, and ArCasia D. James-Gallaway. "White Philanthropy Won’t Save Black Education: Tracing an “Ordinary” Segregated School’s Life in Delaware." Journal of Black Studies 53, no. 3 (2021): 269–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00219347211067585.
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This essay suggests examining “ordinary,” segregated Black schools from the past helps explain persistent issues in Black education at present. To demonstrate this point, the essay focuses on the shortcomings of philanthropy in education from the 1920s to the present day in Wilmington, Delaware. It asserts for Black education to thrive, a combination of adequate resources and Black control over those resources is necessary. Utilizing School No. 5, a school heretofore undocumented in scholarship, as one specific case, the authors show how this elementary school was initially overlooked by white philanthropy, only to be pervaded with it decades later. Centrally, the authors argue in both instances, whites’ actions, either by oversight or interference, hindered the holistic quality of Black children’s education; these persistent impediments to Black education, however, transpired alongside the valiant efforts and self-determination of Black educators and Wilmington’s Black community.
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Jones, Tamara Bertrand, Brittany Brewster, and Dawn Y. Matthews. "Shining the light: Black women thriving in graduate school." New Directions for Student Services 2023, no. 182 (2023): 57–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ss.20467.
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AbstractIn this article, authors examine literature on the enrollment, degree attainment, and experiences of Black women graduate students. Authors use socialization to examine the failures of academia to account for Black women's intersectional identities and identify ways administrators and faculty can further support these women's success.
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Nasir, Na'Ilah Suad, Kihana Miraya Ross, Maxine Mckinney de Royston, Jarvis Givens, and Jalessa Bryant. "Dirt on My Record: Rethinking Disciplinary Practices in an All-Black, All-Male Alternative Class." Harvard Educational Review 83, no. 3 (2013): 489–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.17763/haer.83.3.t56958753811p56t.
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In this empirical study, the authors draw on classroom observations and interviews with twenty-three Black male ninth graders in an urban district to focus on the nature of disciplinary practices in an all-Black, all-male manhood development class. While scholars have identified the “discipline gap” as a salient aspect of the experience of Black male students in schools, few studies offer insight into the nature of disciplinary practices in spaces that Black male students view as supportive and positive. Existing studies also rarely capture African American male student perceptions of classroom and school discipline at the high school level. Utilizing Althusser (1971) and Leonardo (2005) to theorize about the racialized nature of discipline in schools, the authors find that a reframing of discipline within this alternative setting provides a counternarrative to how Black male students are typically perceived to respond to school discipline. The authors argue that, led by a “hero teacher,” the manhood development class functions as an example of “transformative resistance” (Giroux, 2001), changing how Black male students perceive themselves.
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Chidi, Tsosheletso, Nompumelelo Zondi, and Gabi Mkhize. "Comparative analysis of black queer feminist isiXhosa and English poetry." Tydskrif vir Letterkunde 61, no. 1 (2024): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/tl.v61i1.16060.
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Black queer feminist literature remains under-researched. This reflects the societal marginalisation of black queer authors in South Africa. Our article offers a comparative analysis of the representation of black queer women by black queer and cisgender authors in selected isiXhosa and English poetry. The poems selected are from Unam Wena (2021) by Mthunzikazi Mbungwana and red cotton (2018) by vangile gantsho. Firstly, we explore how queer feminism is captured from a Xhosa perspective. Secondly, we explore how English is used to expose readers to black queerness, and, thirdly, we question how literary scholarship influences or limits black queer feminist literature and the functionality of queer feminist poetry as representations of black women. Discourse theory is used to examine how authors of the selected poetry construct knowledge about black queerness from a feminist perspective and shape how people understand it. In this article we adopt a narrative enquiry within the constructionism paradigm with qualitative textual analysis. Our analysis of the poetry reveals that, although the selected poets use two different languages, the same protest voice is foregrounded, with observable differences being primarily technical—namely how form, sound, and structure are employed to set the tone and mood in the issues addressed.
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Walker, Irenea, and William B. Russell. "I need to know my past: Black fifth-graders on race and racism." Social Studies Research and Practice 15, no. 2 (2020): 127–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ssrp-12-2019-0058.
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PurposeThis research study focuses on fifth-grade African American students who attend an all-Black charter school whose administration and teachers are committed to providing Black history instruction throughout the year. To fulfill the school's mission, the teachers integrate additional resources into the curriculum that includes lessons and activities about Black history. Therefore, the study sought to answer the following question: How does learning Black history throughout the school year impact African American fifth-grade students' self-esteem and positive self-image? The authors examined student work, conducted observations and listened as the participants engaged in critical discussions about race and racism.Design/methodology/approachWay to Go (WTG) is a K-12 public charter school located in an urban mid-size city in Florida, with a 100% Black student population; all WTG students receive scholarships and free lunch. The 15 participants in this study self-identified as African American fifth-grade students. The authors conducted a qualitative research study that included 13 observations, an analysis of five student work samples and a focus group interview with seven students. They used interpretative phenomenology to gather African American fifth-grade students' experiences and their interpretations of these experiences (Moustakas, 1994) while acquiring information about Black history.FindingsThe themes that emerged are it's time to go, unsung heroes and Black history is exciting. In the first theme, they learned why Blacks migrated from the South to northern cities and understood why it was time for them to go. Next, they explored the history of unsung Blacks who inspired them to think about a variety of careers to pursue. Finally, they were excited to learn Black history because they understood the importance of learning this history in order to grapple with current events, and they recognized that knowledge of this history would improve their self-worth and life choices.Originality/valueWTG charter school exemplifies what schools should attain for regarding the teaching of Black history. Since elementary school provides the foundation for learning, it is the best time to teach African American students about self-esteem and what it means to be proud of their Blackness. The fifth-graders in this study exemplified how African American students take pride in their history and have a positive sense of self-worth when taught Black history. Black history lessons and activities such as the ones utilized in WTG school will benefit African American students and contribute to their success as students.
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Houle, Jason N., and Fenaba R. Addo. "Racial Disparities in Student Debt and the Reproduction of the Fragile Black Middle Class." Sociology of Race and Ethnicity 5, no. 4 (2018): 562–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2332649218790989.
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A nascent literature recognizes that student loan debt is racialized and disproportionately affects youth of color, especially black youth. In this study, the authors expand on this research and ask whether black-white disparities in student debt persist, decline, or increase across the early adult life course, examine possible mechanisms for changes in racial disparities in student debt across early adulthood, and ask whether racial disparities in student debt contribute to black-white wealth inequality among a recent cohort of college-going young adults. The authors address these questions using nationally representative data from the National Longitudinal Study of Youth 1997, multilevel growth curve models, and linear decomposition methods. There are three findings. First, black-white disparities in debt increase across the early adult life course, and previous research underestimated racial disparities in debt. Second, growth in this racial disparity is partially explained by differences in the social background, postsecondary experiences, and disparities in attained social and economic status of black and white young adults. As a result, the authors find that, compositionally, racial inequalities in student debt account for a substantial minority of the black-white wealth gap in early adulthood and that this contribution increases across the early adult life course. The authors conclude that debt trajectories are more informative than point-in-time estimates and that student debt may be a new mechanism of wealth inequality that creates fragility in the next generation of the black middle class.
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Coley, Soraya M., and Joyce O. Beckett. "Black Battered Women: Practice Issues." Social Casework 69, no. 8 (1988): 483–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104438948806900802.
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Although domestic violence occurs among all racial/ethnic groups, regardless of socioeconomic background, little attention has been paid to black battered women. The authors discuss six culturally sensitive issues in practice with these women and offer suggestions for practice.
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Harper, Cierra N., Sonia Eden, and William W. Ashley. "Effect of online public domain representation in neurosurgical resident recruitment and decision-making." Neurosurgical Focus 55, no. 5 (2023): E5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2023.8.focus23437.
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OBJECTIVE Over the past 20 years, female representation in neurosurgical residency programs has steadily increased. Still, the number of Black women and Black neurosurgical residents overall has remained stagnant. The authors aimed to understand the factors that led to this stagnation and how online public domain representation informs current and upcoming resident recruitment and decision-making. METHODS The authors performed a retrospective study using the following public domain sources: Doximity, neurosurgical residency program websites, and LinkedIn. The authors collected data from all neurosurgery residents who matriculated into a US neurosurgical residency program from 2015 to 2022. Variables, including name, race, gender, year of matriculation, medical school, and undergraduate institution, were recorded. RESULTS The authors analyzed resident data from 110/113 (97.3%) US neurological surgery residency programs. Of these programs, 106 (96.4%) matriculated and retained ≥ 1 female resident over the study period. There were 408 (22.6%) female neurosurgical residents, with 37 (33.6%) programs accounting for 57.8% of all female neurosurgical residents. For those states with a female resident, the lowest percentage of female residents by state was in Iowa (6.25%) and the highest was in New Hampshire (50%). Of all programs, 60 (54.5%) matriculated and retained ≥ 1 Black resident over the study period. There were 88 (4.9%) Black neurosurgical residents, with 19 (17.3%) programs accounting for 55.7% of all Black neurosurgical residents. For those states with a Black resident, the lowest percentage of Black residents by state was in Maryland (2.0%) and the highest was in Arkansas (23.1%). CONCLUSIONS Recruiting and retaining female and Black residents has increasingly become a focus of neurosurgical programs across the country. The authors’ data show that female and Black residents overwhelmingly choose to apply to and matriculate into programs that demonstrate a commitment to diversity via their online presence. Programs wishing to recruit more diverse residents should make efforts to relay their dedication to diversity, inclusion, and performance through their online presence.
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Weinberg, Dana B., and Adam Kapelner. "Do book consumers discriminate against Black, female, or young authors?" PLOS ONE 17, no. 6 (2022): e0267537. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0267537.
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The publishing industry shows marked evidence of both gender and racial discrimination. A rational explanation for this difference in treatment of both female and Black authors might relate to the taste-based preferences of book consumers, who might be less willing to pay for books by such authors. We ran a randomized experiment to test for the presence of discriminatory preferences by consumers based on authors’ race, gender and/or age. We collected ratings of 25,201 book surveys across 9,072 subjects on Amazon’s Mechanical Turk, making this study the largest experimental study of the book market to date. Subjects were presented with mocked-up book covers and descriptions from each of 14 fiction and non-fiction genres, with one of three possible titles per book randomly assigned. Using author names and photographs, we signaled authors’ race, gender, and age and randomly assigned these combinations to each book presented to our subjects. We then asked subjects to rate their interest in purchasing the book, their evaluation of the author’s credentials, and the amount they were willing to pay for the book. The experimental design of this study strived to eliminate the potential for proxy-based discrimination by providing book descriptions that detailed the authors’ relevant professional experience. The large sample allowed for exploration of various types of taste-based discrimination observed in the literature, including discrimination against particular groups, homophily, and pro-social behavior. Overall, book consumers showed a willingness to pay approximately $0.50 or 3.5% more on average for books by Black authors and little, if any, practically meaningful discrimination based on age or gender. In other words, our study finds no and even contrary evidence of taste-based preferences by consumers that would rationalize the historic discriminatory treatment of Black or of female authors by publishers nor of discrimination based on an author’s age.
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José de Oliveira, Reinaldo. "Black Cities in Brazil:." Latitude 17, no. 1 (2023): 161–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.28998/lte.2023.n.1.15984.
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The interpretation of black cities aims to better understand the reality of black spaces, racial segregation and territory. We assess that the idea of racial segregation is based on categories of social class, gender, ethnicity and race and territory, however, the reality of the Americas, especially Brazilian, must be observed, especially the time-space of colonization, slavery and racism. We used as a theoretical-methodological instrument, first, the statistical data of the IBGE Census of 2010, on the population classified by blacks and whites, and income. Second, for a better design, we dialogue with authors from both fields of ethnic-racial relations and the literature on the city, the urban and the territory. In our considerations, it will be a great challenge for the Americas, Brazil and Bahia, the promotion of public policies for the inscription of anti-racist and democratic cities with equity.
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Sternberg, Robert J. "Bookshelf: Kappan authors on their favorite reads." Phi Delta Kappan 102, no. 3 (2020): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0031721720970710.
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In this monthly column, Kappan authors discuss books and articles that have informed their views on education. Robert Sternberg recommends Cognition and Reality by Ulric Neisser, Julio Angel Alicea recommends The Future Is Black by Carl A. Grant, Ashley N. Woodson, and Michael J. Dumas, and Jeremy Glazer recommends Ms. Hempel Chronicles by Sarah Shun-Lien Bynum.
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Rojas, Fabio, Michael T. Heaney, and Muna Adem. "Black Protesters in a White Social Movement: Looking to the Anti–Iraq War Movement to Develop a Theory of Racialized Activism." Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World 9 (January 2023): 237802312311576. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23780231231157673.
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On the basis of ethnographic and historical accounts, many movement scholars hold that differences in political expectations and interaction styles inhibit cross-racial collaboration in social movements. Inspired by this research, the authors ask three questions about minority participation in social movements and address them using a survey of more than 6,000 participants in the anti–Iraq War movement. First, the authors ask about relational inequality. Did Black protesters have fewer ties with the antiwar movement than Whites? Second, the authors ask about siloing. Were Black protesters disproportionately concentrated in specific movement organizations? Third, the authors ask if patterns of inequality were similar for Latino and Asian activists? The authors find evidence of relational inequality for Black activists but not Latino or Asian activists. They find evidence of siloing for all three ethnic groups. These empirical results are used to articulate an account of racialized activism with special attention to organizational processes.